下面是小编为大家收集的雅思阅读复杂句句式分析(共含10篇),仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读,一起分享。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“麦芽”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
雅思阅读复杂句在文章中十分常见,阅读文章长,句型结构复杂,一句话三四行,主干看不清,句子读不懂。从雅思阅读文章中可以看出复杂句的两个特点:
(1) 雅思阅读句子较长,大多数句子都在20个词以上,很多句子超过50个词。
(2) 雅思阅读文章句型结构复杂,结构复杂的简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句、多重复合句、被动句、倒装句、插入语等句型使用频繁。
这些复杂句造成同学们在做雅思阅读过程中困难重重。由于句型在雅思阅读的文章中比较普遍,因此考前熟悉它们非常必要。具体而言,按时间要求做完一套阅读题后,要从中挑一些又长有复杂的句子加以分析,学会抓主干。这样,雅思阅读做题过程中速度和标准率就会提高。
句子结构分析的关键之一是抓主干。对于复合句,抓主句;对于主句或比较复杂的简单主语和谓语。抓主干,抓主句的主要意思,而对修饰成分先不特别注意,这是提高阅读速度的一个重要方法。
下面看到一些较难的句子及其结构分析、中文译文。大家在看这些句子的中文译文的时候会发现这些译文并没有用标准的书面语言,而是按照英文的结构来翻译的,因此有些翻译会显得生硬,但它与其英文原文结构一致,这样是为了更有助于同学们理解英文原句的句子结构。
倒装句式
主语和谓语有两种顺序:一是主语在前,这和汉语是一致的,称为自然语序。另一种是谓语在主语之前,叫做倒装语序。陈述句绝大多数都是自然语序,但在某些情况下去需要用倒装语序。在ielts 阅读中经常出现下列三种情况:
(1) 以not only 等词引起的句子,常用倒装语序。
句子模式:not only 句子1,but(also)句子2。
意思是:不仅句子1,而且句子2。
其中句子1 要倒装,句子2 不倒装。but also 中的 also 可以省略。
(2) 比较句式,than 后面的句子可以倒装,也可以不倒装。
例如:下面的两个句子都是对的。
Yang fan plays tennis better than Lin Qingxia does
Yang fan plays tennis better than does Lin Qingxia
(3) as 和so 引起的倒装,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或事物。
如:he is a teacher,as is his brother
他是一个牧师,他的哥哥也是。
雅思阅读复杂句在文章中十分常见,阅读文章长,句型结构复杂,一句话三四行,主干看不清,句子读不懂。从雅思阅读文章中可以看出复杂句的两个特点:
(1) 雅思阅读句子较长,大多数句子都在20个词以上,很多句子超过50个词。
(2) 雅思阅读文章句型结构复杂,结构复杂的简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句、多重复合句、被动句、倒装句、插入语等句型使用频繁。
这些复杂句造成同学们理解上的困难,由于句型在雅思阅读的文章中比较普遍,因此考前熟悉它们非常必要。具体而言,按时间要求做完一套阅读题后,要从中挑一些又长有复杂的句子加以分析,学会抓主干。这样,雅思阅读做题过程中速度和标准率就会提高。
句子结构分析的关键之一是抓主干。对于复合句,抓主句;对于主句或比较复杂的简单主语和谓语。抓主干,抓主句的主要意思,而对修饰成分先不特别注意,这是提高阅读速度的一个重要方法。
下面看到一些较难的句子及其结构分析、中文译文。大家在看这些句子的中文译文的时候会发现这些译文并没有用标准的书面语言,而是按照英文的结构来翻译的,因此有些翻译会显得生硬,但它与其英文原文结构一致,这样是为了更有助于同学们理解英文原句的句子结构。
一.结构复杂的简单句
如果句子只包含一个主谓结构,而句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示,它就是简单句(不管句子是长是短)。
有的简单句并不简单,也很长,复杂的简单句包括:
(1)分词及分词短语做定语、状语
(2)动名词及动名词短语做主语、表语、宾语
(3)不定式及不定式短语做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语
(4)形容词短语做后置定语
1.to resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into single outcome
中文译文:解决一个冲突意味着把相反的各方变成一个单一的结果。
结构分析:不定式短语to resolve a dispute 做主语,谓语是means,不定式短语to turn opposing a positions into a single outcome 做宾语,其中分词opposing 是positions 的定语。
2. reconciling such interests is not easy
中文译文:调和这种利益是不容易的。
结构分析:动名词短语reconciling such interests 做主语。动名词短语做主语,谓语一般用单数。
3. it involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions,and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed
中文译文:它涉及到探究深层次的关注,想出有创造性的解决方案,以及当利益矛盾时,做出交易和妥协。
结构分析:这是一个简单句。主语是it,谓语是involves,三个动名词短语做宾语(属于平行结构)。在阅读中经常出现“a and b”或“a or b”的形式,其中a 与b 同义或近义,所以只要认识其中一个词就能猜测出另一个词的大致意思。例如:trade-off and compromises。
4. the most common procedure for doing this is negotiation,the act of communication intended to reach agreement
中文译文:做这件事最常用的方法是谈判,一种想要达成一致的交流的行为。
结构分析:过去分词短语intended to reach agreement 是the act of communication 的后置定语,the act of communication intended to reach agreement 是的同位语,对negotiation 进行解释。
5. in other words,seeing large pupils gives rise to larger pupils
中文译文:换句话说,看大的瞳孔会引起更大的瞳孔。
结构分析:动名词短语做seeing large pupils 主语。
6. yet , a father accepting responsibility for behavior problems is linked with positive outcomes
中文译文:一个为行为问题负责的父亲是和正面的结果相联系的。
结构分析:accepting responsibility for behavior problems 是现在分词短语做father 的后置定语
被动句
被动语态由助动词be 加过去分词构成,时态通过be 表现出来。
1. therefore,like the timber barriers,the fanwall barrier can built without expensive concrete footings or piles,speeding the construction time up and reducing costs
中文译文:因此,像木屏障一样,屏障的建造不需要昂贵的混凝土地基,加快了建造时间,降低了费用。
be 结构分析:can be built 是被动语态,like the timber barriers 是介词短语做状语,speeding the construction time up and reducing costs 是分词短语做状语。
强调句式
强调句型的模式是:it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它部分(形式不变)
1. 可以强调:主语、宾语、状语。
2. 被强调部分为人时,that/who 均可,其余用that。
3. 后面的句子为过去时态,用it was,其余用it is
1. it is this desire,together with its lack of fulfillment in most families,that brings about stress in the female parent
中文译文:就是这种希望以及它在大多数家庭中的不能实现给母亲带来了压力。
结构分析:强调主语this desire , together with its lack of fulfillment in most families。
原句为:this desire,together with its lack of fulfillment in most families, brings about stress in the female parent
并列句及并列复合句
如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构,就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接,最常见的是and 和but。有时,一个并列句中的一个(或更多)分句,可能包含有一个(或更多)从句,
这种句子称为并列复合句。并列复合句句式复杂,是同学们阅读的难点。对付并列句及并列复合句的方法是各个击破。先抓住并列连词and 或but,识别出是并列句后,分别理解并列连词前后的句子。
1.noise generated by traffic on arterial roads and freeways is an increasing problem in Australia and there is growing concern among highways authorities in Australia about the limitations of some types of noise barriers which have been installed in this country.
中文译文:在澳大利亚,由主干道和快车道的交通所产生的噪音是一个日益严重的问题。而且澳大利亚的高速公路主管部门也越来越关注已经安装在这个国家的一些噪音屏障的局限性。
结构分析:一个典型的并列复合句,并列连词and 连接两个句子,前一个句子是一个简单句,主语是noise,generated by traffic on arterial roads and freeways 是过去分词短语做noise 的后置定语,后面的句子中有一个which 引导的定语从句。
2.however, low barriers are not effective and high timber barriers have become much more expensive.
中文译文:然而,矮屏障无效,高屏障更昂贵。
结构分析:一般的并列句,and 连接两个简单句。
3. furthermore,fanwall is maintenance free and it is not susceptible to damage by fire and vandalism
中文译文:而且,fanwall 是不需要维护的,而且它不易受到火灾和蓄意破坏。
结构分析:这是一般的并列句,and 连接两个简单句。vandalism 是一个生词,但由于和fire 一起,fir and vandalism,所以应能猜出和火灾一样不好的东东,实际在考试中能理解成这样就可以了。
4. the parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employed mothers,and a major contributor to such stress is their taking a greater role in child care
中文译文:工作母亲有和压力相关的焦虑,这种压力的主要原因是她们在照顾孩子反面起到更大的作用。
结构分析:是一个并列句,and 前后的句子都是一个简单句。
5. government have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time ,the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre
中文译文:政府已经鼓励废纸回收和分类系统,而且,同时,造纸工业也通过开发新的回收技术做出了反应,这个回收技术为更大程度地利用使用过的纸铺平了道路。
结构分析:是并列句,前后都是一个简单句,后面的句子中有一个that 引导的定语从句做new recycling technologies 的定语,by 是介词,表示“通过……方式”的意思,后面常接动名词。
6. already,waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging , and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper
中文译文:废纸组成了用包装的纸张的70%。而且从纸张中去掉墨水的技术进步已经充许了在新闻纸和书写用纸上的更高的回收满意度。
结构分析:是并列,and 前后都是一个简单句,但都不简单。and 前面的简单句的谓语是constitutes,而不是used for,used for 是过去分词短语做 paper 的后置定语, and 后面的句子的主语是 advances,谓语动词have allowed,required to remove ink from the paper 不是谓语,而是过去分词短语做technology 的后置定语。
小窍门
过去分词短语做后置定语在ielts 阅读中经常出现,因为形式相同,有时,容易理解为为谓(过去式),从而造成理解上的障碍。怎么样区分动词加ed 形式是谓语(过去式),还是后置定语(过去分词短语)呢?有两种方法:
(1) 看它与前面的词是主动还是被动的关系。是主动,则是谓语,过去式。结果是被动的关系,则是后置定语,过去分词短语。如上面例句中,paper used for packaging,纸张是被用于包装,所以used for packaging 与paper 是被动的关系,所以是过去分词短语做后置定语。
(2) 看句子中是否有其它的谓语成分。一个句子,只能有一个谓语成分,所以,如果该句已有了一个确定无疑的谓语,那么这个ed 只能是过去分词短语了。如上面的例句中,constitutes 肯定是谓语,所以used for packaging 不能是谓语了。
7. de but the idea never died and the Frenchman baron pierre coubertin ,an educator and scholar ,founded the modern olympics
中文译文:但是,这个思想从未死亡,而且,法国人顾拜旦,一个教育家和学者,创立了现代奥林匹克运动。
结构分析:是一般的并列句,and 前后是两个简单句,后面的句子中,an educator and scholar 是插入语,做主语顾拜旦的同位语。
特殊句式
1. since both rapid and light rail have electric engines, pollution is measured not from the motor exhaust,but from the power plant generating electricity,which is usually located outside the city,where air quality problems are less serious
中文译文:因为地铁和轻轨都有电子发动机,所以污染不是从车辆尾气中测量,而是从产生电力的发电厂测量,发电场通常位于城市之外,哪里空气问题不太严重。
结构分析:主句中有一个特殊句型:not…but…,意思是“不是……而是……”, 一般but 后面的内容很重要,是考点。
2.it is not uncommon to see several riders clinging to the outside.
中文译文:看到几个乘车人挂在(公共汽车)外面,并不罕见。
结构分析:not uncommon 是双重否定,表示肯定,意思是这种现象很常见。it 是形式主语,to see several riders clinging to the outside 是不定式短语做实际的主语。
3.this was because the rta had purchased and removed a number of houses to allow the new corridor to be built,exposing to road traffic noises houses which were once located in a quiet back street
中文译文:这是因为rta 已经购买和移走了一些房屋来建造新的连接公路,因此,将原来坐落于一个安静的后街的房屋暴露于公路交通噪音之下。
结构分析:exposing 至句尾是现在分词短语做状语,在其中改变了句子的语序,正常的语序是exposing houses which were once located in a quiet back street to road traffic noises,,之所以将houses which were once located in a quiet back street 放在句末,主要是因为它比较长,为了避免句子头重脚轻。
插入语结构
插入语也是ielts 阅读中常出现的一种结构。它一般是对一个句子成分的结实后补充说明,通常是不重要的内容。插入语的特点是左边一个逗号,右边一个逗号,比较容易识别。对付插入语的办法是先略去不读。插入语常常插在主语和谓语之间,也可以插在其它两个句子成分之间。有的插入语比较长,如果对插入语特别注意,会使原来句子的主要意思中断,造成理解困难。而插入语常常是不重要的内容,所以应先略去不读,这样被分隔的两个句子成分就接上了。
1.in relationships of mutual dependence,such as between labor and management or within an organization or a family ,the question of who is more powerful turns on who is less dependent on the other
中文译文:在相互依赖的关系中,例如劳资关系或一个家庭或一个组织中,谁更有力量的问题就专换成谁更少依赖于另一方。
结构分析:such as between labor and management of within an organization or a family 是插入语,同时也是举例说明,是不重要的内容,可以先略去不读。全句的谓语是turns on,the question of who is more powerful 是主语,宾语从句who is less dependent on the other 是turns on 的宾语。
2. the 17th winter games,held in Norway in 1994,are part of an Olympic tradition which goes back almost 3,000 year
中文译文:1994 年在挪威举行的第17 届冬奥会,是可以追溯到几乎3000 年以前的奥运会传统的一部分。
结构分析:held in Norway in 1994 是插入语,从语法成分上看,它是过去分词短语做主语the 17th winter games 的后置定语。which 引导一个定语从句,做olympic tradition 的定语。
复合句及多重复合句
复合句中包含有两个或更多的主谓结构,其中,有一个(或更多的)主谓结构充当句子的某一(些)成分,如主语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语等。充当一个句子成分的主谓结构称为从句。由于从句在句子中的成分不同,可分为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,定语从句和同位语从句等。有时复合句的一个(多个)从句可能包含有一个(或多个)从句,即从句里套着从从句,这种句子称为多重复合句。多重复合句句式复杂,是同学们阅读的难点。对付复合句及多重复合句的方法是,先抓住主干,即抓住主句,然后再识别从句的类型,进而搞懂整句话的意思。大部分题目的答案来自主句,但也有一部分题目的答案来自从句。
1. interests are needs,desires,concerns,fears——the things one cares about or wants
中文译文:利益是需要、渴望、关注、恐惧——一个人关心或想要的东东。
结构分析:one cares about or wants 是the things 的定语从句。
2. another interests-based procedure is mediation, in which a third party assists the disputants, the two sides in the dispute,in reaching-agreement
中文译文:另一个基于利益的过程叫作调解,在调解中第三方帮助冲突者,即冲突的双方,达成一致。
结构分析:in which 引出的定语从句in which a third party assists the disputants,the two sides in the dispute,in reaching-agreement 是对mediation 的解释,在定语从句中,the two sides in the dispute 是disputants 的同位语,同时也是插入语结构。
3. it is often complicated to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute
中文译文:试图决定谁在冲突中是正确的通常很复杂。
结构分析:it 是形式主语,实际主语是不定式短语to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute,宾语从句who is right 是determine 的宾语。
4.although it is usually straight forward where rights are formalized in law,other rights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted standards of behavior,such as reciprocity,precedent,equality,and seniority
中文译文:虽然当对错在法律中被正式规定时,通常是很直截了当的,但其它的,但其它的对错采取的是非书面的、社会接受大行为标准,例如:互惠、先例、平等和资历。
结构分析:although 引导一个让步状语从句,注意本句的最后有一个such as,是例如的意思,后面的内容往往是举例说明,属于不重要的内容,可不作为阅读的重点,socially accepted 是standards of behavior 的前置定语。
5. research studies lend strong support to the argument that there are benefits for families considering a change to a fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life
中文译文:研究表明快乐和痛苦能够平等分担的家庭会受益。
结构分析:that there are benefits for families considering a change to fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life 是that 引导的同位语从句做 argument 的同位语。在同位语从句中, considering a change to fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life 是现在分词短语做families 的后置定语。
小窍门
初看起来,引导的同位语从句特别像定语从句。区别一个从句是同位语还是定语从句的方法是:引导的同位语从句中,只是连接词,它不在从句中做任何句子成分,所以同位语都是完整句,而引导的定语从句中,要做句子成分(主语或宾语), 所以引导的定语从句都是不完整句(缺主语或缺宾语)。
6. paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded
中文译文:纸张还是可生物降解的,所以当我们把它扔掉的时候,它不会对环境造成很大的威胁。
结构分析:是多重复合句。结果状语从句(由so 引导)中套着一个时间状语从句(由when 引导)。biodegradable 是一个生词,可以用构词法猜测它的意思,主干部分是grade,意思是“级别”,degrade 表示“降级”,able 表示“能……、可……”, bio 表示“生命的,生物的”,所以此词的意思是“可生物降解的”
雅思阅读复杂句分类及技巧介绍
雅思阅读复杂句型详细介绍
雅思阅读常见复杂句型主要从各种从句、非谓语结构和其他常见句式三个方面进行了分享,希望对大家雅思阅读练习有帮助,希望可以帮助大家雅思阅读提高。
一、雅思阅读常见各种复杂句
1、各种从句
英语从句一般有三种类型:第一种,名词性从句,包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句;第二种,定语从句,雅思阅读中最常见的题型;第三种,状语从句,包括时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,条件状语从句,目的状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句。
2、非谓语
英语中的非谓语有三种形式:第一种,动词不定式——to
do;第二种,动词的ing——doing;第三种,动词的过去分词——done。这几种形式除了不能作句子谓语成分之外,具有多种语法功能,在句中可做主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语或宾语补足语,所以复习起来有点麻烦。
非谓语的结构难点主要在于区别三种形式的意思和用法:to
do表示即将要做的事情,多用做计划、打算或目的地。Doing表示正在发生的动作或行为,多用于主动语态。done表示已发生过的行为或既存事实/状态,多用于被动语态。
3、其他常见句式
雅思阅读中还有一些其他的常见句式,比如说倒装句、强调句、插入语等。这些句子因为其句子结构语序和一般的句子不同,因而理解起来有点困难。但是同学们只要了解这些句子的语法点,就会一通百通,更好更快地分析这些句型结构。更多各种复杂句的分析讲解大家可以参考雅思阅读句子结构分析
二、复杂句的分析方法
在我们分析复杂句子之前,首先要明白英语中的复杂句不管结构多复杂,句子有多长,都只能有一个主谓。所以分析复杂句的核心技巧就是能够快速找到句子的主语和谓语,然后再抽丝剥茧找出其他的结构。给大家举个例子看一下吧:
例 1:But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions to his find
was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial
possibilities.(剑9 Test 1 Passage 1)
句子结构分析:But表示转折,这句话是主句是主系表结构,包括了一个同位语从句。主语是the most fascinating of all
Perkin’s reactions to his find,系动词是was
,表语是recognition,that从句作recognition的同位语。
更多雅思阅读从句结构分析大家可以点击查看化繁为简,突破雅思阅读长难句
再来看一个强调句型的例子吧:
例 2:But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional,
laboratory in his late grandfather's home that solidified the young man’s
enthusiasm for chemistry. (剑9 Test 1 Passage 1 )
句子结构分析:but表转折,it was a chance…that 是典型的强调句式,强调部分是a chance,
stumbling……做后置定语修饰chance。
雅思阅读之并列复合句技巧
在雅思阅读中会出现并列复合句,那么什么事并列复合句呢?如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构,就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接,常见的是and 和but。有时,一个并列句中的一个或更多分句,可能包含有一个或更多从句,这种句子称为并列复合句。并列复合句句式复杂,是同学们阅读的难点。今天环球教育小编就为大家详解一下雅思阅读中的并列复合句。并列复合句由两个或两个以上的立的、意义上相互联系的简单句组成,简单句之间用逗号分开,并一般用连词and,but,furthmore等连接。
对付并列句及并列复合句的方法是各个击破。先抓住并列连词and或but,识别出是并列句后.分别理解并列连词前后的句子。对付并列句及并列复合句的方法是各个击破。先抓住并列连词and 或but,识别出是并列句后,分别理解并列连词前后的句子。
接下来让我们从几个不同的例子中详解一下并列复合句。
1.however, low barriers are not effective and high timber barriers have become muchmore expensive.
中文译文:然而,矮屏障无效,高屏障更昂贵。
结构分析:一般的并列句,and 连接两个简单句。
2. furthermore,fanwall is maintenance free and it is not susceptible to damage by fireand vandalism
中文译文:而且,fanwall 是不需要维护的,而且它不易受到火灾和蓄意破坏。
结构分析:这是一般的并列句,and 连接两个简单句。vandalism 是一个生词,但由于和fire 一起,fir andvandalism,所以应能猜出和火灾一样不好的东东,实际在考试中能理解成这样就可以了。
3. the parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employedmothers,and a major contributor to such stress is their taking a greater role in childcare
中文译文:工作母亲有和压力相关的焦虑,这种压力的主要原因是她们在照顾孩子反面起到更大的作用。
结构分析:是一个并列句,and 前后的句子都是一个简单句。
4. government have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at thesame time the paper industry has responded by developing new recyclingtechnologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre
中文译文:政府已经鼓励废纸回收和分类系统,而且,同时,造纸工业也通过开发新的回收技术做出了反应,这个回收技术为更大程度地利用使用过的纸铺平了道路。
结构分析:是并列句,前后都是一个简单句,后面的句子中有一个that引导的定语从句做new recyclingtechnologies 的定语,by 是介词,表示“通过……方式”的意思,后面常接动名词。
5. already,waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging,and advances inthe technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycledcontent in newsprint and writing paper
中文译文:废纸组成了用包装的纸张的70%。而且从纸张中去掉墨水的技术进步已经充许了在新闻纸和书写用纸上的更高的回收满意度。
结构分析:是并列,and 前后都是一个简单句,但都不简单。and 前面的简单句的谓语是constitutes,而不是used for,used for 是过去分词短语做 paper 的后置定语, and 后面的句子的主语是 advances,谓语动词have allowed,required to remove ink from the paper 不是谓语,而是过去分词短语做technology 的后置定语。
过去分词短语做后置定语在ielts 阅读中经常出现,因为形式相同,有时,容易理解为为谓(过去式),从而造成理解上的障碍。怎么样区分动词加ed 形式是谓语(过去式),还是后置定语(过去分词短语)呢?有两种方法:
(1) 看它与前面的词是主动还是被动的关系。是主动,则是谓语,过去式。结果是被动的关系,则是后置定语,过去分词短语。如上面例句中,paper used for packaging,纸张是被用于包装,所以used forpackaging 与paper 是被动的关系,所以是过去分词短语做后置定语。
(2) 看句子中是否有其它的谓语成分。一个句子,只能有一个谓语成分,所以,如果该句已有了一个确定无疑的谓语,那么这个ed 只能是过去分词短语了。如上面的例句中,constitutes 肯定是谓语,所以used forpackaging 不能是谓语了。
以上就是雅思阅读复杂句分类及技巧介绍的全部内容,复杂句在多数情况下,都是复句。对于复杂句的理解其实也可以大致等同于怎样读懂英语中的复句。所以,雅思复杂句的理解技巧变成了一个语法作为基础的知识点。对于雅思复杂句的理解存有疑问的同学,建议先搞清楚英语的几种复句类型。
雅思阅读材料:男孩生日收到1比1真人版蛋糕
When it comes to birthday treats, most four-year-olds would gleefully try to eat their own bodyweight in cake.
要说生日吃啥大餐,大多数4岁大的孩子恨不得吃下跟自己体重一样分量的蛋糕。
So for Alfie Rose, it was a dream come true when he was presented with a life-sized replica of himself made from chocolate sponge.
而一个叫Alfie Rose的小男孩竟美梦成真了,因为他收到了一个按照他的模样等比例做成的巧克力海绵蛋糕。
It is so realistic, it looks like a waxwork model of the boy himself – only a lot tastier.
这个蛋糕跟Alfie非常形似,像是为他度身打造的蜡像,只是这个“蜡像”更美味。
The cake weighs two stone and was made from a dozen tiers of sponge which were then coated in chocolate and buttercream icing and airbrushed with edible food colouring.
这个蛋糕重2英石(12.7千克),由很多层海绵蛋糕组成,外面裹上了巧克力酱和奶油糖霜,然后涂上可食用染料。
And because the real Alfie is never far from his favourite monkey cuddly toy, an identical edible monkey forms part of the amazing birthday surprise.
因为Alfie总是将他的毛绒猴子玩偶带在身边,所以一个一模一样的猴子也成了这份生日惊喜的重要部分。
It took 27-year-old baker Lara Clarke 15 hours to make, and was a gift ordered by Alfie's godmother Tammy Morris, 25, and her husband Stephen, 35.
这个蛋糕由27岁的面包师Lara Clarke完成,花费了她足足15个小时。订蛋糕的是Alfie25岁的教母Tammy Morris,以及她35岁的丈夫Stephen。
Alfie's mother Chantelle Rose, 23, said: 'I couldn't believe how amazing the cake looked, and I just cried. Alfie was so happy. He was just screaming and pointing, “It's me, it's me, it's Alfie and monkey”.
Alfie的母亲Chantelle Rose现年23岁,她说:“我真不敢相信这个蛋糕竟然那么棒,我都哭了。Alfie看到了非常高兴,他一直指着蛋糕尖叫:‘那是我,那真的是我,那是Alfie和他的猴子玩偶。’”
雅思阅读材料:日本推出男士胸罩
A Japanese online retailer is branching out into bras, knickers and even silky nighties that, despite looking exactly like something you'd usually find in a woman's lingerie drawer, are actually intended for men.
一家日本在线零售店正将产品发展到文胸、内裤、甚至丝绸睡衣,尽管看起来像是你常在女性内衣抽屉里找到的东西,它们实际上是为男性设计的。
The lingerie is specifically designed with men's larger frames in mind and, although they still feature the lace, florals and underwiring you might expect to find in a woman's underwear collection, the bra cups lack padding, allowing men to slip them on without feeling 'unnatural'.
内衣为男性的身体结构专门设计,尽管文胸仍有女性内衣的蕾丝、花边和钢圈,却没有海绵垫,让男性穿上时不会觉得“不自然”。
Wish Room's say the line is designed to allow men the chance to 'enjoy the same kind of soft, luxurious undergarments that women are used to'.
店家说这条产品线是为了让男性有机会“享受女性早已习惯穿的柔软和奢华的内衣”。
(The underwear features all the lace and underwiring you might expect to find in a woman's collection)
(男性内衣有女性内衣有的蕾丝和钢圈)
In response, thousands debated the merits of men wearing bras on Mixi, Japan's top social network website.
上千人在日本最火的社交网站上讨论男性穿文胸的好处。
Executive Director Akiko Okunomiya said she was surprised at the number of men who were interested in embracing their feminine side in this way.
执行董事奥宫明子说她很惊讶愿意以这种方式拥抱自己女性一面的男性人数。
'I think more and more men are becoming interested in bras.Since we launched the men's bra, we've been getting feedback from customers saying, “Wow, we'd been waiting for this for such a long time”,' she said.
“我觉得越来越多的人对文胸感兴趣了。自从我们推出了男士文胸,我们一直得到客户的反馈说‘哇,我们等这个等的太久了。’”她说。
(The cup sections lack padding, allowing men to slip them on without feeling 'unnatural')
(文胸没有填充物,让男性穿上时不会觉得“不自然”)
The bras and knickers come in pink and mint green sets, and retail for the surprisingly low price of ?11.50 (1,995 yen). Prices go up to around ?18.
粉色胸罩和薄荷绿内裤套餐以11.50英镑(1995日元)的惊人低价出售。价格现上涨至约18英镑。
'I like this tight feeling. It feels good,' Wish Room representative Masayuki Tsuchiya told Reuters.
“我喜欢这种紧致的感觉。感觉非常不错。”店方代表告诉路透记者。
The company spokesman himself wears the bra, which can be worn discreetly under clothing.
这位公司发言人自己也穿文胸,它可以在衣服里不着痕迹的穿上。
雅思阅读
雅思阅读中的复杂句句型结构分析
雅思阅读中的复杂句句型结构分析为你带来出现在雅思阅读中的复杂句的句型结构分析。雅思阅读的难点之一就是对于复杂句的理解和分析。我们应该怎样分析这些复杂句呢?在遇到它们的时候应该怎样解析句子的逻辑和表达的含义呢?下文将这些复杂句拆分成不同部分,按照每一个组成部分进行解说。
雅思的阅读部分有大量句型结构复杂、难以理解和把握的复杂句或难句。一般来说,这些句子有以下特点:
一、句子冗长,大多数句子由20个以上单词组成,很多句子超过40个单词
二、结构复杂,频繁使用并列复合句、多重复合句等复杂句式
三、大多是阅读考试的出题点,在阅读试题中常常有所涉及
我们可以从简单句开始分析语法
简单句
对于难度较大的简单句,阅读的基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾,找出句子的主干,忽略其他的成分,将长句变成短句,将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。
例1:It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making trade-offs and compromises where interest are opposed.
分析:句子的主语是it, 谓语是involves,三个动名词短语probing for deeply rooted concerns、devising creative solutions和making trade-offs and compromises作宾语。意思是说:它涉及了探究深层次的关注、想出更有创意的解决方案以及当利益发生冲突的时候,做出交易和妥协。
例2:Automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person's identity infallibly are attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail.
分析:该句主语是automated techniques, 谓语是attract,宾语是attention, in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail在句子里起时间状语的作用。意思是说:在信用卡和电子邮件越来越多地被使用的今天,用来测量这些特性和确认人的身份的自动技术吸引了广泛的关注。
并列句
如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构,就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接,最常见的并列连词有and,or 和but。最简单的方法就是将句子从并列连词处断开,将并列句变成两个或若干个相对短的句子,然后再用处理简单句的方法——抓句子主干,来依次处理每个相对短的句子。
例:Government has encouraged waste paper collecton and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre.
分析:这个复合句可以从and处将句子分成两个相对较短的句子:and前面是一个简单句;and后面的句子有一个由that引导的定语从句,充当new recycling technologies的定语。意思是:政府鼓励了废纸的回收和分类计划,同时造纸工业也通过开发新的回收技术作出了反应,这个回收技术为更大程度地利用已经使用过的纤维铺平了道路。
插入语结构
插入语一般是对句子的某个成分的解释或补充说明,前后有逗号与其他句子成分分开,比较容易识别。处理插入语的基本办法是先略去不读,直接跳过两个逗号之间的内容,使插入语结构前后意思顺畅。
例句1:To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless.
分析:该句中,as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners充当插入语,阅读句子时,可以先忽略这部分。意思是说:对不经意看到的人和有影响力的自然科学家、区域规划者来说,亚马逊地区的繁茂的森林似乎是永恒的。
例句2:Over 120 years ago, the English botanist J.D. Hooker, writing of Australian edible plants, suggested that many of them were 'eatable but not worth eating'.
分析:此句中,两个逗号之间的内容即writing of Australian edible plants, 充当插入语。意思是说:120多年前,在写到澳大利亚可食用的植物时,英国植物学家J.D.Hooker就指出它们当中有很多可食用的,但却不值得食用。
倒装结构
在英语当中,主语和谓语有两种顺序:一种和汉语一致,即主语在前;另外一种顺序是谓语在主语前面,即倒装。阅读中一般会出现以not only等否定连词和never,seldom rarely, hardly等否定副词引导的倒装句。理解倒装句,就要把它转换成普通语句,把倒装语序还原为自然语序,在自然语序下理解句子。
例句1:In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict.
分析:该句中,not only...but also...引导了倒装句,把其中的句子换成正常语序就是:the interests of one party do not coincide with those of the other party.整句的意思是:在一个争论中,不仅一方的利益和另外一方不一致,而且它们是相互矛盾的。
例句2:Hardly had we arrived in Shanghai when it began to snow.
分析:此句是由hardly...when引导出了倒装,意思是:我们一到上海天就开始下雪。
以上就是雅思阅读中的复杂句句型结构分析的全部内容。文中就这些复杂句当中的一些特殊结构进行的专门的讲解,基本上来说,如果能理解这些特殊结构的逻辑和意义,这个复杂句也就迎刃而解。如果还不知道怎样去分析复杂句的同学,不妨同分析这些特殊结构入手。
雅思阅读中的思维转换:熟练度是根本
问:Hi Jennie,我的一个英语很好的朋友曾经跟我说,依我现在的水平,在做雅思阅读时可以不用转到中文,直接用英语去理解原文。我尝试过,简单的文章或句子我完全可以直接理解,不用在大脑中再用中文中转一下,但遇到长难句,必须得用中文中转,否则肯定晕。想请您推荐比较适合的一种阅读方式。当阅读速度越来越快时,是否就自然而然的进入到了无中文思维状态了?
老师:短句子容易懂是因为你熟,长句子不容易懂是因为你不熟,所有的问题归根结底就这个原因而已。当然,阅读时的好习惯,例如我们在课上说过的克服指读、唇读和心读等耗费时间的做法会有一定帮助,此外就是要熟悉英语长难句的结构和构成方法。再长的句子也无非是由若干短句子拼接而成的,只要明白了这个道理,在阅读长难句的时候有意识地寻找这些连接处,主动地把它们分解还原成短小的句子,习惯以后,阅读速度自然而然地就会上去了。英语长难句的构成主要来自于两个渠道:连接和从句,认出了连接词和从句的线索,再长的句子我们也就都不会害怕了。值得注意的是,刚开始练习的时候,其实不必过于追求速度,先扎实地理解了每一个长句子构成的原理,在理解的基础上再提高速度才是王道。
雅思考试阅读材料精选
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The invention of writing and in particular of alphabetic writing拼音文字 marked a milestone in cultural development. It provided humanity人类 with a new means of communication that literally确切地 inscribed雕刻 in stone the spoken word. Communication could now span跨越 both space and time. Space, because writing could be sent from one place to another. Time, because writing could preserve the words for generations to comePSince the art of writing was discovered, nearly every form of writing material has been used. Some were intended to ensure permanence 永久while others were simple and inexpensive but temporary暂时的. From the wax notepad记事本 of the schoolboy to the grand重要的 inscriptions 碑铭 on monuments纪念碑, almost everything we know about antiquity古代 is derived from源自于 writings such as those written on animal hide/s兽皮and minerals.
LStone was mainly used for writing on permanent monuments and public buildings. The writing on stone usually requires the use of hammer锤子 and chisel凿子. The most comfortable, accurate and hence productive多产的 manner 方式 of carving雕刻stone inscriptions题字 is to hold the chisel in one hand and hit it with the hammer held in the other hand. Although this sounds like too simple an explanation, one must consider that as most people are right handed then there would be a tendency倾向 to cut the letters from right to left. Therefore, we find that the flow of ancient Semitic闪族人 languages such as Hebrew希伯来人 and Arabic阿拉伯的 run from right to left. Stone is one of the oldest forms of writing material.
Sheets of metal金属片 were rarely used for writing or are rarely found. For one, they were expensive to manufacture制造 and secondly, the metal was often re-smelted 冶炼 for use as weapons in times of war, so few sheets remain. Royal houses sometimes used silver or gold and examples of writing on gold has been excavated挖掘 from the Second Temple 神殿period in Jerusalem耶路撒冷/以色列的首都. More commonly, bronze青铜 tablets牌匾and copper sheets铜片 were used to provide semi-permanence永久 and could be stored more easily than cumbersome 讨厌的/笨重的rock. Archaeologists have discovered row upon row of bronze tablets from ancient Roman archives档案/公文 that contain details about treaties条约/谈判 and decrees法令.
As written forms of language slowly developed the materials upon which the text was applied also changed to become more user friendly. Early writing materials consisted of stone, metal sheets, wooden boards木板, wax tablets and ostraca陶片. All of these materials are rigid刚硬的 and rather primitive原始的 in kind. As the need for better communication and recording occurred so too developed better forms of writing materials.
Clay tablets are probably the invention of the Sumerians苏美尔人 of southern Babylonia. The use of soft clay tablets was popular right up until the Christian Era基督纪元. Use of clay tablets became widespread 分布广泛的/普遍的and was the general means of written communication throughout Mesopotamia美索不达米亚/现伊拉克境内 and the entire ancient East.
The system of use involved two parts:… was fashioned as a 'letter' and formed the inner core of the communication. Shrouding覆盖 the inner tablet was a folded clay 'envelope' that completely enclosed 装入/围绕 the inner tablet. The message to be sent was first written on the smaller, inner tablet, while the clay was soft using a thin, sharpened tool to inscribe记下 wedge-shaped楔形的 cuneiform letters楔形文字that comprised组成 the text. This tablet was then fired to harden it and make the message permanent.
It was then wrapped包装 in a thin sheet of clay that was folded around the main message like a modern envelope信封. This was inscribed with the name of the recipient接受者, the contents of the inner tablet and the name (and possibly the seal封印) of the author.tablets have been excavated by the thousand, from archaeological sites all over the East. There are at least one million tablets held and displayed in various museums throughout the world.|WThe envelope system provided privacy隐私 to the writer and if the seal had not been broken, the recipient 接受者would know that no one had read his mail邮件.
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