成人高考历年真题解析

下面就是小编给大家分享的成人高考历年真题解析（共含7篇），希望大家喜欢!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“puppyfourteen”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

篇1：成人高考历年真题解析

选 择 题一

一、语言知识与语言应用(24分，每小题4分)

1.下列各组词语中加点字的读音，与所给注音全部相同的一组是( )

A.抢qiang 抢劫 抢救 呼天抢地 抢班夺权

B.当dang 当日 当真 安步当车 当仁不让

C.切qie 亲切 切磋 切中要害 切肤之痛

D.处Chu 处方 处境 处心积虑 处之泰然

参考答案：D

2.下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是( )

A.赡养 涸泽而渔 反聩 哗众取宠

B.简练 人才倍出 作祟 励精图治

C.杀戮 严惩不贷 修葺 罄竹难书

D.整饬 莫衷一是 阔绰 积毁消骨

参考答案：C

3.依次在横线上填上词语，最恰当的一组是( )

①近年来，全省对乱收费现象进行了专项治理，加大了查处力度，使之得到了有效__________。

②然而，当地有关部门仍固执己见，坚持这种破坏历史文化遗产的“旧城改造”，__________ 在拆除了遵义会议会址周围的大片历史建筑。

③北京的圆明园，自康熙四十八年起，先后__________ 了一百五十多年，荟萃了中外盛景，被誉为“万园之园”。

A.遏制 私自 修建

B.遏止 擅自 营造

C.遏止 私自 修建

D.遏制 擅自 营造

参考答案：D

4.下列各句中加点成语的使用，恰当的一句是( )

A.假如语言能够生产物质材料，那么夸大其词的人就会成为世界上最富有的人。

B.你说英语难学，其实无论学习什么，都会遇到一些困难，绝不会一帆风顺。

C.我们的办案人员要深入调查取证，不能片面地听取一家之言。

D.小错误也不能放过，须知集腋成裘，小错积多了，也会对工作造成大的`损害。

参考答案：B

5.下列各句中，没有语病的一句是( )

A.正因为阻力极其微弱，空气极其稀薄，所以这里是远程火箭和人造卫星活动的好场所。

B.前不久，在美国召开的有27个国家数百位科学家参加的第三届国际固氮学术会议上，这两个模型受到了高度重视，给予很高的评价。

C.我们不赞成应试教育，绝不是取消考试，而是不赞成以应付升学考试为唯一目的，围绕应考开展教育教学活动的做法。

D.近日国际黄金价格再次出现波动，截至上周末，国际黄金市场的价格上涨最高点已达290美元以上。

参考答案：C

6.选用下面的句子为文段填空，排列顺序正确的一项是( )

湖上也好，山上也好，天空中也好，__________ ， __________ ， __________ ;到处都在动，都是不均衡，是离奇变幻，是光怪陆离的阴影和线条的无穷的混合和错综，而万物之中却隐藏着宁静、柔和、统一和美的必然性。

①没有一丝完整的线条②没有一个同样的瞬间 ③没有一片完整的色彩

A.①②③

B.①③②

C.②①③

D.②③①

参考答案：B

选 择 题二

一、语言知识与语言应用(24分，每小题4分)

1.下列词语中加点的字的读音，全都不相同的一组是( )

A.浦口 逮捕 逋逃 哺育 黄埔

B.比较 皎洁 姣好 狡猾 佼佼

C.黢黑 辛酸 怙恶不悛 逡巡 英俊

D.芳香 作坊 画舫 查访 放达

参考答案：C

2.下列各组词语中，有错别字的一组是( )

A.稽查 声名狼藉 矫饰 味同嚼蜡

B.泥淖 阴谋诡计 抹杀 别出心裁

C.脉搏 融会贯通 湮灭 相形见绌

D.祛疑 怙恶不悛 皈依 委屈求全

参考答案：D

3.下列各句中加点的成语的使用，恰当的一项是( )

A.“疯了，疯了，人类疯了!”许多人面对克隆人的问题无一例外地表示出痛心疾首。

B.近来，到医院儿童铅中毒专科就诊的孩子骤然增多，许多孩子因铅中毒导致行为异常，家长忧心忡忡。

C.时间无处不在，却没有人得以切实的触摸;时间如影随形，在生活的点点滴滴之中，绽放着自己的魅力与影响。

D.时至今日，官本位的观念在一些人心目中仍然挥之不去。就连来华投资的外商，也都要“晋官加爵”，好像只有当上“副处级”干部了才有说服力，才心安理得，名至实归。

参考答案：B

4.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是( )

①“赌场”距镇中心不到一公里，很难想象这样一个人来人往的繁华所在__________ 能容得下一个大赌场的存在。

②大同，小康，原来都只讲到了社会秩序， __________ 没有说到经济生活。

③东南大学这次论文**，因为顾冠群的院士和校长的身份而备受注目，实际上，它暴露出的 __________ 是国内博士生培养问题的冰山一角。

A.居然 都 不过

B.竟然 都 恰恰

C.竟然 却 恰恰

D.居然 却 不过

参考答案：D

5.下列各句中，没有语病的一项是( )

A.所谓平常心，就是既不要嫉富抑商，也不要嫌贫欺弱。而这就要求我们平衡地发展政治参与，严肃对待由于市场经济的发展已经日益明显地提出的代议制问题。

B.大火系因遇真宫大殿东侧厢房原住人员杨某搭设照明线路及灯具不规范，埋下事故隐患;现居住人员周某疏忽大意使用电灯不当，导致电灯烤燃他物引发。

C.自从巴厘岛爆炸事件发生后，台湾民航业经营状况比“9?11”事件后还糟。这趟春节大陆包机似乎给走下坡路的台湾航空业带来了无限希望。

D.1月22日，“户均一套房，人均一间房”被确立为我国小康社会住房标准。尽管这一标准受到来自各方的质疑，它从一个侧面反映出，小康社会的关注点开始深入到住、行、教育等生活的更高层面。

参考答案：C

6.填入下面横线处的句子，与上下文衔接最恰当的一组是( )

海面上的巨浪猛烈地撞击着岸边的岩石。它那愤怒的咆哮声，有时像大炮轰发，

__________ 。海风狂卷，海涛怒立，冲激着灯塔下的石矶。

①有时又像远处人声嘈杂②继而又像人长叹的声音，或者也像一种呜咽 ③以至完全

寂静④再后来又是一阵猛厉的大声，惊心动魄⑤像森林呼啸

A.②⑤①④③

B.④⑤①③②

C.①⑤③④②

D.⑤①③②④

参考答案：D

篇2：成人高考历年真题解析

一、(18分，每小题3分)基础知识。

1.下列各组词语中加横线字的读音，与所给注音全都相同的一组是( )

A.狰狞zhēng 诤言 挣脱 峥嵘岁月 铁骨铮铮

B.撩拨liáo 潦倒 燎原 眼花缭乱 寥若晨星

C.悭吝qiān 歼灭 虔诚 潜移默化 阡陌纵横

D.缉拿jī 编辑 作揖 羁旅生涯 疾言厉色

2.下列各组词语中，有两个错别字的是( )

A.积腋成裘 猝不及防 曲突徙薪 群贤必至

B.瓦釜雷鸣 歪风邪气 目光如聚 铤而走险

C.优柔寡断 源远流长 钟灵毓秀 常年累月

D.自立更生 遗笑大方 弱不经风 气势汹汹

3.依次填入下面横线处的词语，恰当的一组是( )

①勇往直前的汩汩泉水相信，在岁月的过滤与涤荡下自己将永远一脉 。

②由于摆脱了功利之争，田园山水诗人便有了一种恬静 的心境。

③时间的长河无影无形，看不见摸不着，每天都在悄无声息地 。

A.清莹 淡薄 流失

B.轻盈 淡泊 流失

C.轻盈 淡薄 流逝

D.清莹 淡泊 流逝

4.下列句子中，加横线成语使用恰当的一句是( )

A.全面建设小康社会需要的是实干家，而不需要那些大巧若拙的智叟式的人物。

B.在俄罗斯流光溢彩的古典文学长廊里?有不少卷帙浩繁的文学巨著值得我们流连。

C.百位知名学者十余年来殚精竭虑，通力合作，《现代汉语规范词典》终于问世了。

D.工作缺乏通盘考虑，目无全牛，顾此失彼，这是许多人干不好工作的重要原因。

5.下列各句中，没有语病的一句是( )

A.我出国的时候。父亲送给我的那套石印的前四史，充塞了我的半个行囊。

B.我区作为国家基础教育课程首批改革38个试验区，从今年起进行课改实验。

C.他的画作风格清新，色彩丰富，色调和谐，得到画界及评论界的一致好评。

D.我国古代，为区别韵文和骈文，凡不押韵、不重对偶和排比的散体文章，一律称之为散文。

6.下列各句与上下文衔接得最好的一句是

鸽子是这城市的精灵。 它们眼里，收进了多少秘密呢?

A.它们是惟一的俯瞰这城市的浯物，有谁看这城市有它们看得清晰和真切呢?每天早晨，有多少鸽子从波涛连绵的屋顶上飞向天空!

B.每天早晨，有多少鸽子从波涛连绵的屋顶上飞向天空!它们是惟一的俯瞰这城市的活物，有谁看这城市有它们看得清晰和真切呢?

C.它们是惟一的俯瞰这城市的活物，每天早晨，有多少鸽子从波涛连绵的屋顶上飞向天空!有谁看这城市有它们看得清晰和真切呢?

D.每天早晨，有多少鸽子从波涛连绵的屋顶上飞向天空!有谁看这城市有它们看得清晰和真切呢?它们是惟一的俯瞰这城市的活物。

二、(12分，每小题3分) 阅读下面短文，完成7—10题。

成熟离我们有多远

有一种理论认为，证券市场在走向成熟时会使市场参与者的赢利趋向平均化，但是我们知道几乎国内外所有证券市场的价格都存在一定程度的扭曲。如果用更通俗的语言来表述，就是市场永远不会走到真正成熟的那一天，股票价格的定位根本不能用所谓理性的计算来获得。所以，我们将无法界定绩优股与垃圾股在价格和投资价值上的差异，也几乎不能清除那些为了获得超额利润而大肆造假的上市公司。就算是已经发展了一百多年的美国证券市场，不也冒出了诸如“安龙”、“世界电信”之类的丑闻。

但是在美国，对造假行为的打击是不遗余力的，我们几乎可以用残酷这个词来形容。通常情况下，这些造假公司的首脑和相关人员都会倾家荡产并过上长期的铁窗生活，而且不会有东山再起的机会。或许这就是真正意义的成熟市场，承认价格的扭曲，承认所有的投资者都是为了利益而来，也承认有可能存在虚构利润伪造报表的上市公司，但与此同时法律以极度严厉的惩罚制度威慑着违法者。从这个角度讲，假如我们都理解了“对造假者的仁慈就是对投资者的犯罪”的含义，也许我们的市场就离成熟不远了。

中国经济发展到目前这个阶段，向消费型经济的转型是必由之路，启动社会需求对经济拉动的杠杆作用将会是下一个经济周期的主要动力。在过去的里，制造类上市公司的辉煌是伴随着中国成为“世界工厂”的步伐成长起来的。在未来的10年甚至更远的时间里，随着国民生活质量和水准的提高以及对消费需求的进一步上升，我们有理由相信一些正在不断壮大的消费类品牌将会步人上升轨道。

7.第三段中用“杠杆”的比喻要说明的是( )

A.较少的社会需求能极大地促进市场经济的繁荣发展。

B.市场经济的发展对社会的需求起着指导制约的作用。

C.社会的需求对市场经济的发展其有拉动调控的作用。

D.中国的消费型经济必将提高国民生活的质量和水准。

8.在作者看来，以下不能作为“证券市场不会走到真正成熟”( )

A.股票价格的定位根本不能用所谓理性的计算来获得。

B.很多国家都在对市场造假行为进行不遗余力的打击。

C.已经发展了一百多年的美国证券市场也冒出了丑闻。

D.虚构利润、伪造报表可以使上市公司获得超额利润。

9.以下对文意理解正确的一项是( )

A.参与者获得的利润趋向平均化则标志证券市场走向成熟，的认识。

B.绩优股与垃圾股在价格和投资价值上的差异，决定了证券市场的价格存在扭曲。

C.现阶段中国经济实现了向消费经济的转型，会推动中国证券市场走向成熟。

D.在上一个经济周期的10年里。那些尽显辉煌的中国上市公司以制造类为主。

10.以下对文章内容推断不正确的一项是( )

A.造假行为人人喊打，但如果不予以彻底的打击，在一定条件下，它还会死灰复燃。

B.终止来料加工型经济，刺激消费，扩大内需，是中国下一个经济周期的主要任务。

C.“使参与者的赢利趋向平均化”是理想化的理论，很难指导中国证券市场走向成熟。

D.中国的证券市场，如果能承认价格的扭曲，严厉打击造假现象，那就离成熟不远了。

第Ⅱ卷

三、(25分)阅读下面文章，完成11—14题。

回音壁

陶然

世界上竟然有这么奇妙的事情;一道环形的围墙，你站在那一边，我站在这一边，对方的身影甚至被中央的建筑物遮住了;然而，那嗓音，啊，那熟悉的嗓音，透过贴耳的墙，就这样粼粼地相互传递，清晰、真切，简直就是殷殷的叮咛。

当我傍着天坛的回音壁通话时，我总会升起一种奇异的感觉。想起很多年以前，我首次站在这里，十分诧异于面前这毫不起眼的红墙，它甚至有些斑驳得古老了，却显示了惊人的传音灵敏度。这种与年龄不相称的敏捷，沟通了历史与现代的时光距离，我仿佛听到遥远时代的声音，那一刻就回响在耳畔。

但这种错觉一闪即逝，我明明是在一个春天的早晨，把我从南海之滨携来的一句问候，一直保留到踏足这里，这才怀着既亲切又神秘的.心情，轻轻地朝着伴我的朋友奉上空间的怀念：“你好吗?”

你好吗?你好吗?这短促的三个字回荡起来，就在青山绿水间悠扬，有如一首多情的歌。

我不知道传回我耳朵里的那一句，到底是我送去的，还是他回赠的;我总以为，你来我往的同一句话，已经交融成为分不清我的还是你的，那回音混淆了彼此的区别，成了合唱，流动在同一个音调里。

我实在喜欢倾听郡回音。

当发自心底的声音诉出，任谁都不会漠然于它的去路，更不会无视于它有没有回应。即使是在空谷里的呼喊：也还会有相应的回声;何况是在人间!

这回音壁的妙处，就在于它的有呼必应。我有时会想，倘若太寂寞，倘若嘻嚣的市声卷走了真诚的歌声，也许你和我也可以在这古老的地方找到一点安慰。

然而，我又想，大约，我们也不用太过拘泥于形式。生活在我们心海中激起的浪花，那涟漪，那涛声，不也是一种动人的回音吗?

只是，胸中的回音壁是无形的，它随着世间的脉搏，不断地震出生命之歌。然而，比较起来，它比真正的回音壁或许还要敏锐而且立体，因而还要生动得多。

11.文章第一段中用了两个叠音词，解释它们在文中的含义。(6分)

(1)粼粼：

(2)殷殷：

12.第二段中，作者之所以“总会升起一种奇异的感觉”是因为：(分两点回答，每点不超过18个字。)

(1)

(2)

13.通观全文，回答以下问题。(8分)

(1)“我实在喜欢倾听那回音”，“实在喜欢”的原因是什么?

(2)胸中的回音壁和真正的回音壁主要的不同点是什么?

14.本文构思的特点是什么?表达了怎样的感情?(5分)

四、(23分)阅读下面一段文言文，完成15一17题。

公子闻赵有处士毛公藏于博徒，薛公藏于卖浆家。公子欲见两人，两人自匿，不肯见公予。公子闻所在，乃间步往，从此两人游，甚欢。平原君闻之，谓其夫人曰：“始吾闻夫人弟公子天下无双，今吾闻之，乃妄从博徒卖浆者游，公子妄人耳!”夫人以告公子。公子乃谢夫人去，曰：“始吾闻平原君贤，故负魏王而救赵，以称平原君。平原君之游，徒豪举耳。不求士也。无忌自在大粱时，常闻此两人贤，至赵，恐不得见。以无忌从之游，尚恐其不我欲也，今平原君乃以为羞，其不足从游。”乃装为去。

夫人具以语平原君，平原君乃免冠谢，固留公子。平原君门下闻之，半去平原君归公子。天下士复往归公子。公子倾平原君客。

公子留赵十年不归。秦闻公子在赵日夜出兵东伐魏魏王患之使使往请公子公子恐其怒之，乃诫门下：“有敢为魏王使通者，死。”宾客皆背魏之赵，莫敢劝公子归。毛公、薛公两人往见公子曰：“公子所以重于赵，名闻诸侯者，徒以有魏也。今秦攻魏，魏急而公子不恤，使秦破大梁而夷先王之宗庙，公子当何面目立天下乎?”语未及卒，公子立变色，告车趣驾归救魏。

15.用“/”线给文中画线的文字断句。(6分)

秦 闻 公 子 在 赵 日 夜 出 兵 东 伐 魏 魏 王 患 之 使 使 往 请 公 子

16.平原君以见毛公、薛公为羞，公子无忌对此的评价是(用文中语句作答) (5分)

17.文中是怎样表现公子无忌礼贤下士的?(6分)

18.阅读下面唐诗，回答问题。(6分)

黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵

李白

故人西辞黄鹤楼，烟花三月下扬州。

孤帆远影碧空尽。唯见长江天际流。

送杜十四之江西

孟浩然

荆楚相接水为乡，君去春江正渺茫。

日暮征帆何处泊，天涯一望断人肠。

(1)指出这两首诗在抒情方式上的不同之处。

(2)李白这首诗，诗中有画，有情，也有志。在“画”、“情”、“志”中选一点，谈谈你的理解。

五、 作文(70分)

19.下面诗句是对阴历二月(春天)的描写。(20分)

太阳在二月升高，柳条在二月长垂。白雪在二月消融，冰凌在二月隐退。湖水在二月露面，迎春在二月吐蕾。燕子在二月来信，大雁在二月起飞。

有人说二月(春天)是生命的季节，也有人说二月(春天)是希望的季节，还有人说二月(春天)是喧闹的，灿烂的季节。请以“二月(春天)来了”为题，写一篇200字的短文。

20.有句话说得好：这个世界上没有谁能使你倒下，如果你的信念还没倒的话。请以“信念”为话题，写一篇文章。

要求：题目自拟，文体不限(除诗歌外)，不少于600字。(50分)

成人高考语文试题答案：

一、(18分。每小题3分)

1.13 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.B

二、(12分。每小题3分)

7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B

三、(25分)

11.(1)形容回音的传递是连续、起伏的(3分)

(2)形容回音深厚而亲切(3分)(答殷切、深厚、亲切、深情亦可，答急切给1分)

12.(1)回音壁显示了惊人的传音灵敏度。(3分)

(2)回音壁沟通了历史与现代的时光距离(或：回音壁使我仿佛听到遥远时代的声音)。(3分)

13.(1)要点：回音真诚、多情;回音是入与人心灵的交流、融合。(4分)

(2)要点：胸中的回音壁无形，真正的回音壁有形;胸中的回音壁比真正的回音壁还要敏锐、立体、生动。(4分)

14.本文由实到虚，从天坛回音壁写到胸中回音壁，把握一点，透视生活，抓住瞬间，见其永恒，赞颂沟通心灵的人间真情。(意思对即可)

四、(23分)

15.秦闻公子在赵/日夜出兵东伐魏/魏王患之/使使往请公子

16.平原君之游，徒蒙举耳，不求士也。

17.要点：(1)从博徒卖浆者游(2)天下士复往归公子(3)善纳雅言，急归救赵 语句通顺，意思对即可。

18.(1)这两首诗均表达了对友人的惜别之情，李诗以眼前所见之景间接抒情，孟诗除了借想象间接抒情外，还有直接抒情。(4分)

(2)结合诗的意境，言之成理即可。(2分)

五、写作

19.(20分)略

20.(50分)略

篇3：历年高考作文真题解析

此题在前几年成功探索的基础上，保持了命题一贯的稳定性，依然采用任务驱动型材料作文的命题形式，在审题、立意方面不给考生设置过多障碍，在材料的选择上，虽然选取了史料，但以现代文的形式呈现，没有增加阅读难度，充分体现了在新冠肺炎疫情暴发的特殊背景下，对考生的人文关怀。试题坚持了正确的价值导向，选取古圣先贤作为讨论的对象，充分体现了“增强文化自信”的新课标的课程理念。写作形式上，延续了写书信，写演讲稿的实用文的特点，要求考生写一篇发言稿，十分贴近学生的生活和写作实际，体现了语文课程“工具性与人文性的统一”的特点。

本次作文的“规定动作”，即写作任务，既限定，又开放，要求考生在三个历史人物中选择最有感触的人物加以评论，参与讨论，有较自由的写作空间；同时，加入孔子和司马迁对三个人物的评价，又起到了一个提供讨论切入点的作用，降低了审题和立意的难度，使得考生人人有话说，体现了高考命题公平性的原则。

总的看来，今年全国一卷作文题，既借鉴了传统作文命题的成功经验，又巧妙地避开了备考热点，防止了过去通过猜题押宝侥幸取得备考成功的做法，是一道非常成功的高考作文题目。

西汉·司马迁《管仲与鲍叔》原文：

原文：

西汉·司马迁《管仲与鲍叔》原文：

管仲夷吾者，颍上人也。少时，常与鲍叔牙游，鲍叔知其贤。管仲贫困，常欺鲍叔；鲍叔终善遇之，不以为言。已而鲍叔事齐公子小白，管仲事公子纠。及小白立为桓公，公子纠死，管仲囚焉；鲍叔遂进管仲。

管仲既用，任政于齐，齐桓公以霸，九合诸侯，一匡天下，管仲之谋也。 管仲曰：“吾始困时，尝与鲍叔贾，分财利，多自与；鲍叔不以我为贪，知我贫也。

公子纠败，召忽死之，吾幽囚受辱，鲍叔不以我为无耻，知我不羞小节，而耻功名不显於天下也；生我者父母，知我者鲍子也！”

管仲既任政相齐，以区区之齐在海滨，通货积财，富国强兵，与俗同好恶。故其称曰：“仓廪实而知礼节，衣食足而知荣辱，上服度则六亲固。

四维不张，国乃灭亡。下令如流水之原，令顺民心。”故论卑而易行。俗之所欲，因而与之；俗之所否，因而去之。

其为政也，善因祸而为福，转败而为功。贵轻重，慎权衡。桓公实怒少姬，南袭蔡，管仲因而伐楚，责包茅不入贡于周室。

桓公实北征山戎，而管仲因而令燕修召公之政。于柯之会，桓公欲背曹沫之约，管仲因而信之，诸侯由是归齐。故曰：“知与之为取，政之宝也。”

管仲富拟于公室，有三归、反坫，齐人不以为侈。管仲卒，齐国遵其政，常强于诸侯。后百余年而有晏子焉。

翻译：

管仲说：“当初我贫困的时候，曾经同鲍叔一道做买卖，分财利往往自己多得，而鲍叔不将我看成贪婪的人，他知道我贫穷。我曾经替鲍叔出谋办事，结果事情给弄得更加处境恶劣，而鲍叔不认为我是愚笨的人，他知道时机有利和不利。

我曾经多次做官又多次被国君斥退，鲍叔不拿我当无能之人看待，他知道我没遇上好时运。我曾经多次打仗多次退却，鲍叔不认为我是胆小鬼，他知道我家中还有老母。

公子纠争王位失败之后，我的同事召忽为此自杀，而我被关在深牢中忍辱苟活，鲍叔不认为我无耻，他知道我不会为失小节而羞，却为功名不曾显耀于天下而耻。

生我的是父母，了解我的是鲍叔啊！”鲍叔荐举了管仲之后，甘心位居管仲之下。他的子孙世世代代在齐国享有俸禄，得到封地的有十几代，多数是著名的大夫。因此，天下的人不称赞管仲的'才干，反而赞美鲍叔能够识别人才。

管仲在齐国执政为相之后，凭借小小的齐国滨临大海的地理条件，流通货物，积累财富，富国强兵，与普通人同好同恶。所以他的著作中说：“粮仓充实就知道礼节；衣食饱暖就懂得荣辱；君王的享用有一定制度，六亲就紧紧依附；礼、义、廉，耻的伦理不大加宣扬，国家就会灭亡。

颁布政令就好像流水的源头，要能顺乎民心。”所以他的政令浅显而易于推行，一般人所向往的，就因势而给予；一般人所不赞成的，就顺应而革除。

写作背景：

西汉景、武年间（时间不详），在黄河龙门的一个小康之家中，司马迁出生了。司马迁的祖父司马喜在汉文帝诏入栗米受爵位以实边卒的政策下，用四千石栗米换取了九等五大夫的爵位，因此全家得以免于徭役。

年幼的司马迁在父亲司马谈的指导下习字读书，十岁时已能阅读诵习古文《尚书》、《左传》、《国语》、《系本》等书。汉武帝建元年间，司马谈到京师长安任太史令一职，而司马迁则留在龙门老家，身体力行，持续着耕读放牧的生涯。

汉武帝元鼎六年（前1），驰义侯授命平定西南夷，中郎将郭昌、卫广率八校尉之兵攻破且兰，平南夷。夜郎震恐，自请入朝称臣。

汉军又诛邛君，杀笮侯，冉震恐，请臣置吏。随后汉武帝在西南夷设置武都、牂柯、越巂、沈黎、文山五郡。

而此时正随汉武帝东行巡幸缑氏的司马迁在继唐蒙、司马相如、公孙弘之后，再次出使西南，被派往巴、蜀以南筹划新郡的建设。随后又抚定了邛、榨、昆明，在第二年回朝向武帝覆命 。

司马迁与上大夫壶遂讨论文学之时曾说过：“我听董生说：‘周朝王道衰败废弛，孔子担任鲁国司寇，诸侯害他，卿大夫阻挠他。

孔子知道自己的意见不被采纳，政治主张无法实行，便褒贬评定二百四十二年间的是非，作为天下评判是非的标准，贬抑无道的天子，斥责为非的诸侯，声讨乱政的大夫，为使国家政事通达而已’” 。

而纵观《史记》可知董仲舒之公羊学对司马迁的影响主要为：其一，公羊家颂扬汤武革命，主张以有道伐无道，成为《史记》反暴政的思想基础。

其二，公羊家“尊王攘夷”，主张“大一统”的思想，成为《史记》贯串全书的主要观念；其三，公羊家崇让、尚耻之义是《史记》褒贬历史人物的道德标准。

人物背景：

春秋时齐国政治家。名夷吾,字仲,亦称管敬仲。据说他早年经营商业，后从事政治活动。在齐国公子小白（即齐桓公）与公子纠争夺君位的斗争中，管仲曾支持公子纠。小白取得君位后，不计前嫌，重用管仲；管仲亦辅佐齐桓公，施行改革。

在政治上，他推行国、野分治的参国伍鄙之制，即由君主、二世卿分管齐国，并在国中设立各级军事组织，规定士、农、工、商各行其业；在经济上，实行租税改革，对井田“相地而衰征”（见先秦租税），并采取了若干有利于农业、手工业发展的政策。

鲍叔牙又称鲍叔、鲍子，是鲍敬叔的儿子，春秋时齐国大夫，以知人著称。少时与管仲友善，曾一起经商。齐襄公乱政，鲍叔牙随公子小白出奔至莒国，管仲则随公子纠出奔鲁国。

齐襄公被杀，纠和小白争夺君位，小白得胜即位，即齐桓公。桓公囚管仲，鲍叔牙知道管仲之贤，举荐管仲替代自己的职位，而自己则甘居于管仲之下，齐国因为管仲的治理而日渐强盛，被时人誉为“管鲍之交”、“鲍子遗风”。

篇4：历年高考作文真题解析

北京卷

从下面两个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。不少于700字。将题目抄在答题卡上。

①“韧性”是指物体柔软坚实、不易折断的性质。中华文明历经风雨，绵延至今，体现出“韧”的精神。回顾漫长的中国历史，每逢关键时刻，这种文明的韧性体现得尤其明显。中华民族的伟大复兴，更需要激发出这种文明的韧性。

请以“文明的韧性”为题，写一篇议论文。可以从中国的历史变迁、思想文化、语言文字、文学艺术、社会生活及中国人的品格等角度，谈谈你的思考。

要求：观点明确，论据充分，论证合理。

②色彩，指颜色;不同的色彩常被赋予不同的意义。20，我们隆重纪念五四运动100周年，欢庆共和国70华诞。作为在这个特殊年份参加高考的学生，你会赋予年哪一种色彩，来形象地表达你的感受和认识？

请以“2019的色彩”为题，写一篇记叙文。

要求：思想健康，内容充实，感情真挚，运用记叙、描写和抒情等多种表达方式。

上海卷

倾听了不同国家的音乐，接触了不同风格的异域音调，我由此对音乐的“中国味”有了更深刻的感受，从而更有意识地去寻找“中国味”。

这段话可以启发人们如何去认识事物。请写一篇文章，谈谈你对上述材料的思考和感悟。要求：（1）自拟题目;（2）不少于800字。

浙江卷

阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。

有一种观点认为：作家写作时心里要装着读者，多倾听读者的呼声。

另一种看法是：作家写作时应该坚持自己的想法，不为读者所左右。

假如你是创造生活的“作家”，你的生活就成了一部“作品”，那么你将如何对待你的“读者”？

根据材料写一篇文章，谈谈你的看法。

【注意】①立意自定，角度自选，题目自拟。②明确文体，不得写成诗歌。③不得少于800字。④不得抄袭、套作。

江苏卷

根据以下材料，选取角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章;除诗歌外，文体自选。

物各有性，水至淡，盐得味。水加水还是水，盐加盐还是盐。酸甜苦辣咸，五味调和，共存相生，百味纷呈。物如此，事犹是，人亦然。

河北高考作文题目

材料作文：一位商人得到一块价值不菲的宝石，但却发现宝石上有一条裂缝，如果能从裂缝处切开，就能得到两块完美的宝石。许多老工匠不敢尝试这时，一位年轻工匠勇敢的站了出来，并且完美的切割出了两块宝石。有时不仅需要足够的经验，更需要抛却许多顾虑的勇气。请根据以上材料作文。

篇5：英语六级历年真题解析

12月英语六级考试真题试卷(完整版 第1套)

六级写作

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of social responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

六级听力

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. A) Magazine reporter.

B) Fashion designer.

C) Website designer.

D) Features editor.

2. A) Designing sports clothing.

B) Consulting fashion experts.

C) Answering daily emails.

D) Interviewing job-seekers.

3. A) It is challenging.

B) It is fascinating.

C) It is tiresome.

D) It is fashionable.

4. A) Her persistence.

B) Her experience.

C) Her competence.

D) Her confidence.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5. A) It is enjoyable.

B) It is educational.

C) It is divorced from real life.

D) It is adapted from a drama.

6. A) All the roles are played by famous actors and actresses.

B) It is based on the real-life experiences of some celebrities.

C) Its plots and events reveal a lot about Frankie 's actual life.

D) It is written, directed, edited and produced by Frankie himself.

7. A) Go to the theater and enjoy it.

B) Recommend it to her friends.

C) Watch it with the man.

D) Download and watch it.

8. A) It has drawn criticisms from scientists.

B) It has been showing for over a decade.

C) It is a ridiculous piece of satire.

D) It is against common sense.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9.A) They ate likely to get injured when moving too fast.

B) They believe in team spirit for good performance.

C) They need to keep moving to avoid getting hurt.

D) They have to learn how to avoid body contact.

10. A) They do not have many years to live after retirement.

B) They tend to live a longer lite with early retirement.

C) They do not start enjoying life until full retirement.

D) They keep themselves busy even after retirement.

11. A) It prevents us from worrying.

B) It slows down our aging process.

C) It enables us to accomplish more in life.

D) It provides us with more chances to learn.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12. A) It tends to dwell upon their joyous experiences.

B) It wanders for almost half of their waking time.

C) It has trouble concentrating after a brain injury.

D) It tends to be affected by their negative feelings.

13. A) To find how happiness relates to daydreaming.

B) To observe how one's mind affects one’s behavior.

C) To see why daydreaming impacts what one is doing.

D) To study the relation between health and daydreaming.

14. A) It helps them make good decisions.

B) It helps them tap their potentials.

C) It contributes to their creativity.

D) It contributes to clear thinking.

15. A) Subjects with clear goals in mind outperformed those without clear goals.

B) The difference in performance between the two groups was insignificant.

C) Non-daydreamers were more focused on their tasks than daydreamers.

D) Daydreamers did better than non-daydreamers in task performance.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A) They are the oldest buildings In Europe.

B) They are part of the Christian tradition.

C) They are renovated to attract tourists.

D) They are in worsening condition.

17. A) They have a history of 14 centuries.

B) They are 40 metres tall on average.

C) They are without foundations。

D) They consist of several storeys.

18. A) Wood was harmonious with nature.

B) Wooden buildings kept the cold out.

C) Timber was abundant in Scandinavia.

D) The Vikings liked wooden structures.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) Similarities between human babies and baby animals.

B) Cognitive features of different newly born mammals.

C) Adults' influence on children.

D) Abilities of human babies.

20. A) They can distinguish a happy tune from a sad one.

B) They love happy melodies more than sad ones.

C) They fall asleep easily while listening to music.

D) They are already sensitive to beats and rhythms.

21. A) Infants' facial expressions.

B) Babies' emotions.

C) Babies' interaction with adults.

D) Infants' behaviors.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

22. A) It may harm the culture of today's workplace.

B) It may hinder individual career advancement.

C) It may result in unwillingness to take risks.

D) It may put too much pressure on team members.

23. A) They can hardly give expression to their original views.

B) They can become less motivated to do projects of their own.

C) They may find it hard to get their contributions recognized.

D) They may eventually lose their confidence and creativity.

24. A) They can enlarge their professional circle.

B) They can get chances to engage in research.

C) They can make the best use of their expertise.

D) They can complete the project more easily.

25. A) It may cause lots of arguments in a team.

B) It may prevent making a timely decision.

C) It may give rise to a lot of unnecessary expenses.

D) It may deprive a team of business opportunities.

六级阅读

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. But poor diet and physical inactivity also each increase the risk of heart disease and have a role to play in the development of some cancers. Perhaps worse, the __26__ effects of an unhealthy diet and insufficient exercise are not limited to your body. Recent research has also shown that __27__ in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory __28__.

Studies have found obesity is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, as __29__ by a range of learning and memory tests, such as the ability to remember a list of words presented some minutes or hours earlier. There is also a growing body of evidence that diet induced cognitive impairments can emerge __30__ within weeks or even days. For example, one study found healthy adults __31__ to a high-fat diet for five days showed impaired attention, memory, and mood compared with a low-fat diet control group. Another study also found eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days resulted in problems with learning and memory __32__ to those observed in overweight and obese individuals.

Body weight was not hugely different between the groups eating a healthy diet and those on high and sugar diets. So this shows negative __33__ of poor dietary intake can occur even when body weight has not changed __34__. Thus, body weight is not always the best indicator of health and a thin person still needs to eat well and exercise __35__.

A)assessed B)assigned C)consequences D)conspicuously E)deficits F)designated G)detrimental H)digestion I)excelling J)indulging K)loopholes L)rapidly M)redundant N)regularly O)similar

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Increased Screen Time and Wellbeing Decline in Youth

A) Have young people never had it so good? Or do they face more challenges than any previous generation? Our current era in the West is one of high wealth. This means minors enjoy material benefits and legal protections that would have been the envy of those living in the past. But There is an increasing suspicion that all is not well for our youth. And one of the most popular explanations, among some experts and the popular media, is that excessive “screen time” is to blame. (This refers to all the attention young people devote to their phones, tablets and laptops.) However, this is a contentious theory and such claims have been treated skeptically by some scholars based on their reading of the relevant data.

B) Now a new study has provided another contribution to the debate, uncovering strong evidence that adolescent wellbeing in the United States really is experiencing a decline and arguing that the most likely cause is the electronic riches we have given them. The background to this is that from the 1960s into the early s, measures of average wellbeing went up in the US. This was especially true for younger people. It reflected the fact that these decades saw a climb in general standards of living and avoidance of mass societal traumas like full-scale war or economic deprivation. However, the “screen time” hypothesis, advanced by researchers such as Jean Twenge, is that electronic devices and excessive time spent online may have reversed these trends in recent years, causing problems for young people's psychological health.

C) To investigate, Twenge and her colleagues dived into the “Monitoring the Future” dataset based on annual surveys of American school students from grades 8, 10, and 12 that started in 1991. In total, 1.1 million young people answered various questions related to their wellbeing. Twenge's team's analysis of the answers confirmed the earlier, well-established wellbeing climb, with scores rising across the 1990s, and into the later 2000s，This was found across measures like self-esteem, life satisfaction, happiness and satisfaction with individual domains like job, neighborhood, or friends. But around these measures started to decline. This continued through , the most recent year for which data is available.

D) Twenge and her colleagues wanted to understand why this change in average wellbeing occurred. However, it is very hard to demonstrate causes using non-experimental data such as this. In fact, when Twenge previously used this data to suggest a screen time effect, some commentators were quick to raise this problem. They argued that her causal-sounding claims rested on correlational data, and that she had not adequately accounted for other potential causal factors. This time around, Twenge and her team make a point of saying that they are not trying to establish causes as such, but that they are assessing the plausibility of potential causes.

E) First, they explain that if a given variable is playing a role in affecting wellbeing, then we should expect any change in that variable to correlate with the observed changes in wellbeing. If not, it is not plausible that the variable is a causal factor. So the researchers looked at time spent in a number of activities that could plausibly be driving the wellbeing decline. Less sport, and fewer meetings with peers correlated with lower wellbeing, as did less time reading print media (newspapers) and, surprisingly, less time doing homework. (This last finding would appear to contradict another popular hypothesis that it is our burdening of students with assignment that is causing all the problems,) In addition, more TV watching and more electronic communication both correlated with lower wellbeing. All these effects held true for measures of happiness, life satisfaction and self-esteem, with the effects stronger in the 8th and l0th-graders.

F) Next, Twenge's team dug a little deeper into the data on screen time. They found that adolescents who spent a very small amount of time on digital devices- a couple of hours a week- had the highest wellbeing. Their wellbeing was even higher than those who never used such devices. However, higher doses of screen time were clearly associated with lower happiness. Those spending 10-19 hours per week on their devices were 41 percent more likely to be unhappy than lower-frequency users. Those who used such devices 40 hours a week or more (one in ten teenagers) were twice as likely to be unhappy. The data was slightly complicated by the fact that there was a tendency for kids who were social in the real world to also use more online communication, but by bracketing out different cases it became clear that the real-world sociality component correlated with greater wellbeing, whereas greater time on screens or online only correlated with poorer wellbeing.

G) So far, so plausible. But the next question is, are the drops in average wellbeing happening at the same time as trends toward increased electronic device usage? It looks like it- -after all, 2012 was the tipping point when more than half of Americans began owning smartphones. Twenge and her colleagues also found that across the key years of -16, wellbeing was indeed lowest in years where adolescents spent more time online, on social media, and reading news online, and when more youth in the United States had smartphones. And in a second analysis, they, found that where technology went, dips in wellbeing followed. For instance, years with a larger increase in online usage were followed by years with lower wellbeing, rather than the other way around. This does not prove causality, but is consistent with it. Meanwhile, TV use did not show this tracking. TV might make you less happy, but this is not what seems to be driving the recent declines in young people's average happiness.

H) A similar but reversed pattern was found for the activities associated with greater wellbeing. For example, years when people spent more time with friends were better years for wellbeing (and followed by better years). Sadly, the data also showed face-to-face socializing and sports activity had declined over the period covered by the survey.

I) There is another explanation that Twenge and her colleagues wanted to address; the impact of the great recession of -, which hit a great number of American families and might be affecting adolescents. The dataset they used did not include economic data, so instead the researchers looked at whether the 2013-16 wellbeing decline was tracking economic indicators. 'They found some evidence that some crude measures, like income inequality, correlated with changes in wellbeing, but economic measures with a more direct impact, like family income and unemployment rates (which put families into difficulties), had no relationship with wellbeing. The researchers also note the recession hit some years before we see the beginning of the wellbeing drop, and before the steepest wellbeing decline, which occurred in 2013.

J) The researchers conclude that electronic communication was the only adolescent activity that increased at the same time psychological wellbeing declined. I suspect that some experts in the field will be keen to address alterative explanations, such as unassessed variables playing a role in the wellbeing decline. But the new work does go further than previous research and suggests that screen time should still be considered a potential barrier to young people's flourishing.

36.The year when most Americans began using smartphones was identified as a turning point in young Americans' level of happiness.

37.Scores in various wellbeing measures began to go downward among young Americans in recent years.

38.Unfortunately, activities involving direct contact with people, which contributed to better wellbeing were found to be on the decline.

39.In response to past critics, Twenge and her co-researchers stress they are not trying to prove that the use of digital devices reduces young people's wellbeing.

40.In the last few decades of the 20th century, living standards went up and economic depressions were largely averted in the US.

41.Contrary to popular belief, doing homework might add to students' wellbeing.

42.The author believes the researchers' new study has gone a step further regarding the impact of screen time on wellbeing.

43.The researchers found that extended screen time makes young people less happy.

44.Data reveals that economic inequality rather than family income might affect people's wellbeing.

45.Too much screen time is widely believed to be the cause of unhappiness among today's young people.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

“The dangerous thing about lying is people don't understand how the act changes us,” says Dan Ariely, behavioral psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone else's perspective to manipulate them. But, for most people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.

Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene says. for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine，which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal (颅腔壁的) control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty and ultimately opting for the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural(神经的)reward centres were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars- suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation.

Extremal conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to rationalise it, when we are stressed and fatigued or sec others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching. “We as a society need to understand that, when we don't punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again,” Ariely says.

In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people's brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala. The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional responses including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a game- in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies which get bigger over time.

46. Why do some experts consider lying a milestone in a child's development?

A) It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.

B) It indicates they have an ability more remarkable than crawling and walking.

C) It represents their ability to actively interact with people around them.

D) It involves the coordination of both their mental and physical abilities.

47. Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work?

A) It is hard to choose from several options.

B) It is difficult to sound natural or plausible.

C) It requires speedy blood flow into one's brain.

D) It involves lots of sophisticated mental activity.

48. Under what circumstances do people tend to lie?

A) When they become too emotional.

B) When they face too much peer pressure.

C) When the temptation is too strong.

D) When the consequences are not imminent.

49. When are people less likely to lie?

A) When they are worm out and stressed.

B) When they are under watchful eyes.

C) When they think in a rational way.

D) When they have a clear conscience.

50. What does the author say will happen when a liar does not get punished?

A) They may feel justified.

B) They will tell bigger lies.

C) They will become complacent.

D) They may mix lies and truths.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Here's how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for “The Big One”. It's the mother of all disaster drills for what could be the worst disaster in American history. California has spent years preparing for “The Big One” -- the inevitable earthquake that will undoubtedly unleash all kinds of havoc along the famous San Andreas fault (断层). But what if the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the people of the Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they won't be caught unawares.

The region is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami(海啸) drill involving around 20,000 people. The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation's dangerous -- and underestimated -- faults.

The Cascadia Earthquake Zone is big enough to compete with San Andreas (it's been called the most dangerous fault in America), but it's much lesser known than its California cousin. Nearly 700 miles long, the earthquake zone is located by the North American Plate off the coast of Pacific British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and Northern California.

Cascadia is what's known as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in earthquake zones-land plate boundaries where two plates converge. In the areas where one plate is beneath another, stress builds up over time. During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world's most powerful earthquakes occur. Remember the 9.1 earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra in ? It was caused by a megathrust event as the India plate moved beneath the Burma micro-plate.

The last time a major earthquake occurred along the Cascadia fault was in 1700, so officials worry that another event could occur any time. To prevent that event from becoming a catastrophe, first responders will join members of the public in rehearsals that involve communication, evacuation, search and rescue, and other scenarios.

Thousands of casualties are expected if a 9.0 earthquake were to occur. First, the earthquake would shake metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland. This could trigger a tsunami that would create havoc along the coast. Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented -- but by coordinating across local, state, and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case scenario can be averted. On the exercise's website, officials explain that the report they prepare during this rehearsal will inform disaster management for years to come.

For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn't a question of if, only when. And it's never too early to get ready for the inevitable.

51. What does “The Big One” refer to?

A) A gigantic geological fault.

B) A large-scale exercise to prepare for disasters.

C) A massive natural catastrophe.

D) A huge tsunami on the California coast.

52. What is the purpose of the Cascadia Rising drill?

A) To prepare people for a major earthquake and tsunami.

B) To increase residents' awareness of imminent disasters.

C) To teach people how to adapt to post-disaster life.

D) To cope with the aftermath of a possible earthquake.

53. What happens in case of a megathrust earthquake according to the passage?

A) Two plates merge into one.

B) A variety of forces converge.

C) Boundaries blur between plates.

D) Enormous stress is released.

54. What do the officials hope to achieve through the dills?

A) Coordinating various disaster-relief efforts.

B) Reducing casualties in the event of a disaster.

C) Minimizing property loss caused by disasters.

D) Establishing disaster and emergency management.

55. What does the author say about “The Big One”?

A) Whether it will occur remains to be seen.

B) How it will arrive is too early to predict.

C) Its occurrence is just a matter of time.

D) It keeps haunting Cascadia residents.

2019年12月英语六级考试真题试卷(完整版 第2套)

六级写作

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of family responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

六级听力

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.

B) It sponsors major jazz concerts.

C) It has several branches in London.

D) It displays albums by new music talents.

2. A) It originated with cowboys.

B) Its market has now shrunk.

C) Its listeners are mostly young people.

D) It remains as widespread as hip-hop music.

3. A) Its definition is varied and complicated.

B) It is still going through experimentation.

C) It is frequently accompanied by singing.

D) Its style has remained largely unchanged.

4. A) Learn to play them.

B) Take music lessons.

C) Listen to them yourself.

D) Consult jazz musicians.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5. A) She paid her mortgage.

B) She called on the man.

C) She made a business plan.

D) She went to the bank.

6. A) Her previous debt hadn't been cleared yet.

B) Her credit history was considered poor.

C) She had apparently asked for too much.

D) She didn't pay her mortgage in time.

7. A) Pay a debt long overdue.

B) Buy a piece of property.

C) Start her own business.

D) Check her credit history.

8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fundraising.

B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.

C) Build up her own finances step by step.

D) Revise her business proposal carefully.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9. A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly.

B) It is well located and completely automated.

C) It is small and unconventional.

D) It is fertile and productive.

10. A) Their urge to mike farming more enjoyable.

B) Their desire to improve farming equipment.

C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.

D) Their wish to set a new farming standard

11. A) It saves at lot of electricity.

B) It needs little maintenance.

C) It causes hardly any pollution.

D) It loosens sill while weeding.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12. A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.

B) It has started to expand business outside the UK.

C) It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.

D) It has joined hands with Sainsbury 's to sell pet insects.

13. A) It was really unforgettable.

B) It was a pleasant surprise.

C) It hurt his throat slightly.

D) It made him feel strange.

14. A) They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.

B) They are more nutritious than soups and salads.

C) They contain more protein than conventional meats.

D) They will son pain popularity throughout the world.

15. A) It is environmentally friendly.

B) It is a promising industry.

C) It requires new technology.

D) It saves huge amounts of labour.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A) To categorize different types of learners.

B) To find out what students prefer to learn.

C) To understand the mechanism of the human brain.

D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.

17. A) It was defective.

B) It was misguided.

C) It was original in design.

D) It was thought-provoking.

18. A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.

B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.

C) Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.

D) Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.

B) Not benefiting from free -market capitalism.

C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family.

D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.

20. A) People would be working only fifteen hos a week now.

B) The balance of power int the workplace would change.

C) Technological advances would create many now jobs.

D) Most workers could afford to have a house of their own.

21. A) Loss of workers' personal dignity.

B) Deprivation of workers' creativity.

C) Deterioration of workers' mental health.

D) Unequal distribution of working louts.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

22. A) It is the worst managed airport in German history.

B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.

C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.

D) It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.

23. A) The city's airports are outdated.

B) The city had just been reunified.

C) The city wanted to boost its economy.

D) The city wanted to attract mote tourists.

24. A) The municipal government kept changing lands.

B) The construction firm breached the contract.

C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction.

D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up.

25. A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.

B) All kinds of equipment gets rusted.

C) I luge maintenance costs accumulate.

D) Complaints by local residents increase.

六级阅读

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air that we breathe. Over 80% of the world's urban population is breathing air that fails to meet World Health Organisation guidelines, and an estimated 4.5 million people died __26__ from outdoor air pollution in .

Globally, urban populations are expected to double in the next 40 years, and an extra 2 billion people will need new places to live, as well as services and ways to move around their cities. What is more important, the decisions that we make now about the design of our cities will __27__ the everyday lives and health of the coming generations. So what would a smug-free, or at least low-pollution, city be like?

Traffic has become __28__ with air pollution, and many countries intend to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars in the next two decades. But simply __29__ to electric can will not mean pollution-free cities. The level of emissions they cause will depend on how the electricity to run them is __30__, while brakes, tyres and toads all create tiny airborne __31__ as they wear out.

Across the developed world, ear use is in decline as more people move to city centers, while young people especially are __32__ for other means of travel. Researchers are already asking if motor vehicle use has reached its __33__ and will decline, but transport planners have yet to catch up with this __34__, instead of laying new roads to tackle traffic jams. As users of London's orbital M25 motorway will know, new roads rapidly fill with more traffic. In the US, studies have shown that doubling the size of a road can __35__ double the traffic, taking us back to the starting point.

A) altemate B) crown C) determine D) generated E) locating F) merged G) miniatures H) opting I) particles J) peak K) prematurely L) simply M) swiching N) synonymous O) trend

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

How Much Protein Do You Really Need?

A) The marketing is tempting: Get stronger muscles and healthier bodies with minimal effort by adding protein powder to your morning shake or juice drink. Or grab a protein bar at lunch or for a quick snack. Today, you can find protein supplements everywhere -- online or at the pharmacy, grocery store or health food store. They come in powders, pills and bars. With more than $12 billion in sales this year, the industry is booming and, according to the market research company, Grand View Research, is on track to sell billions more by 2025. But do we really need all this supplemental protein? It depends. There are pros, cons and some other things to consider.

B) For starters, protein is critical for every cell in our body. It helps build nails, hair, bones and muscles. It can also help you feel fuller longer than eating foods without protein. And, unlike nutrients that are found only in few foods, protein is present in all foods. “The typical American diet is a lot higher in protein than a lot of us think,” says registered dietitian Angela Pipitone. “'It's in foods many of us expect, such as beef, chicken and other types of meat and dairy. But it's also in foods that may not come immediately to mind like vegetables, fruit, beans and grains.”

C) The U.S. government 's recommended daily allowance (RDA) for the average adult is 50 to 60 gram of protein a day. This may sound like a lot, but Pipitone says: “We get bits of protein here and there and that really adds up throughout the day.” Take, for example. breakfast. If you eat two eggs topped with a little bit of cheese and an orange on the side, you already have 22 grams of protein. Each egg gives you 7 grams, the cheese gives you about 6 grams and the orange -- about 2 grams. Add a lunch of chicken, rice and broccoli(西兰花), and you are already over the recommended 50 grams. “You can get enough protein and meet the RDA before you even get to dinner,” says Pipitone.

D) So if it's so easy to get your protein in food, why add more in the form of powders, snack bars or a boost at your local juice bar? No need to, says Pipitone, because, in fact, most of us already get enough protein in our diet. “Whole foods are always the best option rather than adding supplements,” the says, noting the FDA does not regulate supplements as rigorously as foods or drugs. So there could be less protein, more sugar and some additives you wouldn't expect, such as caffeine(咖啡因).

E) If you are considering a supplement, read the list of ingredients, she says, although this is not always reliable. “I've seen very expensive protein supplements that claim to be high quality but they might not really be beneficial for the average healthy adult,” she says. “It could just be a waste of money.

F) But there are certain situations that do warrant extra protein. ”Anytime you're repairing or building muscle.“ Pipitone says, such as if you 're an extreme endurance athlete, training for a marathon, or you're a body builder. If you're moderately exercising for 150 minutes a week, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends, or less than that, you're probably not an extreme athlete. Extreme athletes expend lots of energy breaking down and repairing and building muscles. Protein can give them the edge they need to speed that process.

G) Vegans can benefit from protein supplements since they do not eat animal-based protein sources like meat, dairy or eggs. And, for someone always on-the-go who may not have time for a meal, a protein snack bar can be a good option for occasional meal replacement. Also, individuals recovering from surgery or an injury can also benefit from extra protein. So, too, can older people. At around age 60, ”muscles really start to break down,“ says Kathryn Starr, an aging researcher, ”and because of that, the protein needs of an older adult actually increase.

H) In fact, along with her colleague Connie Bales. Starr recently conducted a small study that found that adding extra protein foods to the diet of obese older individuals who were trying to lose weight strengthened their muscles. Participants in the study were separated into two groups -- one group was asked to eat 30 grams of protein per meal in the form of whole foods. That meant they were eating 90 grams of protein a day. The other group -- the control group -- was put on a typical low-calorie diet with about 50 to 60 grams of protein a day. After six months, researchers found the high protein group had significantly improved their muscle function -- almost twice as much as the control group. “They were able to walk faster, had improved balance, and were also able to get up out of a chair faster than the control group.” Starr says. All 67 participants were over 60 years of age, and both groups lost about the same amount of weight.

I) Starr is row looking into whether high-protein diets also improve the quality of the muscle itself in seniors. She's using CT scans to measure muscle size and fat, and comparing seniors on a high-protein diet with those on regular diets. She says her findings should be available in a couple of months.

J) In the meantime, 70-year-old Corliss Keith, who was in the high protein group in Starr s latest study, says the feels a big difference. “I feel excellent,” she says. “I feel like I have a different body. I have more energy. I'm stronger.” She says she is able to take Zumba exercise classes three times a week, work out on the treadmill(跑步机), and take long, brisk walks. Keith also lost more than 15 pounds. “I'm a fashionable person, so now I'm back in my 3-inch heels,” she says.

K) As people age, Starr says muscle strength is key to helping them stay strong and continue living on their own in their own home. “I feel very much alive now,” says Keith. “I feel like I could stay by myself until I'm 100.”

L) Bat can people overdo protein? Pipitone says you do have to be careful. Other researchers say too much protein can cause cramps(痉挛), headaches, and fatigue. Dehydration(脱水) is also a risk when you eat too much protein. Pipitone says if you increase protein, you also have to increase your fluid intake. “I always tell people to make sure they're drinking enough fluids,” which for the average person is 60 to 70 ounces a day, which translates into eight 8-ounce glasses of water or liquid per day.

M) There have been some indications that extra protein makes the kidneys work harder, which could be problematic for individuals with a history of kidney disease and for them, the supplements may increase the risk of kidney stones, the says.

N) Bottom line, if you think you need more protein in your diet, consider these questions: Are you an extreme athlete; are you recovering from injury or surgery; or are you 60 years or older? If so, adding high protein foods like eggs and meat products to your diet can be beneficial. And, if you 're not sure, in is always a good idea to check with your primary care provider.

36. It is quite easy for one to take in the recommended amount of protein.

37. Pipitone claims that healthy adults need not spend money on protein supplements.

38. The protein supplement business is found to be thriving.

39. Protein can speed the repairing of damaged muscles.

40. Protein supplements may overburden some internal organ, thus leading to its malfunctioning.

41. Older adults need to take in more protein to keep their muscles strong.

42. Protein is found in more foods than people might realize.

43. Additional protein was found to help strengthen the muscles of overweight seniors seeking weight loss.

44. Pipitone believes that whole foods provide the best source of protein.

45. People are advised to drink more liquid when they take in more protein.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Last year, a child was born at a hospital in the UK with her heart outside her body. Few babies survive this rare condition, and those who do must endure numerous operations and are likely to have complex needs. When her mother was interviewed, three weeks after her daughter's birth, she was asked if she was prepared for what might be a daunting (令人生畏的) task caring for her. She answered without hesitation that, as far as she was concerned, this would be a “privilege”.

Rarely has there been a better example of the power of attitude, one of our most powerful psychological tools. Our attitudes allow us to turn mistakes into opportunities, and loss into the chance for new beginnings. An attitude is a settled way of thinking, feeling and/or behaving towards particular objects, people, events or ideologies. We use our attitudes to filter, interpret and react to the world around us. You weren't born with attitudes, rather they are all learned, and this happens in a number of ways.

The most powerful influences occur during early childhood and include both what happened to you directly, and what those around you did and said in your presence. As you acquire a distinctive identity, your attitudes are further refined by the behavior of those with whom you identify -- your family, those of your gender and culture, and the people you admire, even though you may not know them personally. Friendships and other important relationships become increasingly important, particularly during adolescence. About that same time and throughout adulthood, the information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in association with goals and achievements you find attractive, also refines your attitudes.

Many people assume that our attitudes are internally consistent, that is, the way you think and feel about someone or something predicts your behavior towards them. However, may studies have found that feelings and thoughts don't necessarily predict behavior. In general, your attitudes will be internally consistent only when the behavior is easy, and when those around you hold similar beliefs. That's why, for example, may say they believe in the benefits of recycling or exercise, but don't behave in line with their views, because it takes awareness, effort and courage to go beyond merely stating that you believe something is a good idea.

One of the most effective ways to change an attitude is to start behaving as if you already feel and think the way you'd prefer to. Take some time to reflect on your attitudes, to think about what you believe and why. Is there anything you consider a burden rather than a privilege? It so, start behaving -- right now -- as if the latter is the case.

46. What do we learn from the passage about attitude?

A) It shapes our beliefs and ideologies.

B) It improves our psychological wellbeing.

C) It determines how we respond to our immediate environment.

D) It changes the way we think, feel and interact with one another.

47. What can contribute to the refinement of one's attitude, according to the passage?

A) Their idols' behaviors.

B) Their educational level.

C) Their contact with the opposite gender.

D) Their interaction with different cultures.

48. What do many studies find about people's feelings and thoughts?

A) They may not suggest how a person is going to behave.

B) They are in a way consistent with a person's mentality.

C) They may not find expression in interpersonal relations.

D) They are in line with a person's behavior no matter what.

49. How come many people don't do what they believe is good?

A) They can't afford the time.

B) They have no idea how to.

C) They are hypocritical.

D) They lack willpower.

50. What is proposed as a strategy to change attitude?

A) Changing things that require one's immediate attention.

B) Starting to act in a way that embodies one's aspirations.

C) Adjusting one 's behavior gradually over a period of time.

D) Considering ways of reducing one's psychological burdens.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Industrial fishing for krill(磷虾) in the unspoilt waters around Antarctica is threatening the future of one of the world's last great wildernesses, according to a new report.

The study by Greenpeace analysed the movements of krill fishing vessels in the region and found they were increasingly operating “in the immediate vicinity of penguin colonies and whale feeding grounds”. It also highlights incidents of fishing boats being involved in groundings, oil spills and accidents, which posed a serious threat to the Antarctic ecosystem.

The report, published on Tuesday, comes amid growing concern about the impact of fishing. and climate change on the Antarctic. A global campaign has been launched to create a network of ocean sanctuaries to protect the seas in the region and Greenpeace is calling for an immediate halt to fishing in areas being considered for sanctuary status.

Frida Bengtsson from Greenpeace's Protect the Antarctic campaign said: “If the krill industry wants to show it's a responsible player, then it should be voluntarily getting out of any area which is being proposed as an ocean sanctuary, and should instead be backing the protection of these huge tracts of the Antarctic.”

A global campaign has been launched to turn a huge tract of Antarctic seas into ocean sanctuaries, protecting wildlife and banning not just krill fishing, but all fishing. One was created in the Ross Sea in 2016, another reserve is being proposed in a vast area of the Weddell Sea, and a third sanctuary is under consideration in the area west of the Antarctic Peninsula -- a key krill fishing area.

The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) manages the seas around Antarctica. It will decide on the Weddell Sea sanctuary proposal at a conference in Australia in October, although a decision on the peninsula sanctuary is not expected until later.

Keith Reid, a science manager at CCAMLR, said that the organisation sought “a balance between protection, conservation and sustainable fishing in the Southern Ocean.” He said although more fishing was taking place nearer penguin colonies it was often happening later in the season when these colonies were empty.

“The creation of a system of marine protected areas is a key part of ongoing scientific and policy discussions in CCAMLR,” he added. “Our long-term operation in the region depends on a healthy and thriving Antarctic marine ecosystem, which is why we have always had an open dialogue with the environmental non-governmental organisations. We strongly intend to continue this dialogue, including talks with Greenpeace, to discuss improvements based on the latest scientific data. We are not the ones to decide on the establishment of marine protected areas, but we hope to contribute positively with our knowledge and experience.”

51. What does Greenpeace's study find about krill fishing?

A) It caused a great many penguins and whales to migrate.

B) It was depriving penguins and whales of their habitats.

C) It was carried out too close to the habitats of penguins and whales.

D) It posed an unprecedented threat to the wildlife around Antarctica.

52. For what purpose has a global campaign been launched?

A) To reduce the impact of climate change on Antarctica.

B) To establish conservation areas in the Antarctic region.

C) To regulate krill fishing operations in the Antarctic seas.

D) To publicise the concern about the impact of krill fishing.

53. What is Greenpeace's recommendation to the krill industry?

A) Opting to operate away from the suggested conservation areas.

B) Volunteering to protect the endangered species in the Antarctic.

C) Refraining from krill fishing throughout the breeding season.

D) Showing its sense of responsibility by leading the global campaign.

54. What did CCAMLR aim to do according to its science manager?

A) Raise public awareness of the vulnerability of Antarctic species.

B) Ban all commercial fishing operations in the Southern Ocean.

C) Keep the penguin colonies from all fishing interference.

D) Sustain fishing without damaging the Antarctic ecosystem.

55. How does CCAMLR define its role in the conservation of the Antarctic environment?

A) A coordinator in policy discussions.

B) An authority on big data analysis.

C) A provider of the needed expertise.

D) An initiator of marine sanctuaries.

2019年12月英语六级考试真题试卷(完整版 第3套)

六级写作

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of community respousibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

六级听力

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

说明：由于2019年12月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

六级阅读

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying -- first it was your phone, then your cat, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre is it sounds, under certain __26__ people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.

Sometimes we see things as human because we are __27__ In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute __28__ to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can __29__ loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been __30__ in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends- unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the participants' phones __31__ substituted for real friends.

At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and __32__.”

So how do people assign trails to an object? In par, we rely on looks. On humans wide faces are __33__ with dominance. Similarly, people rated curs, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them- especially in __34__ situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(护栅) that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this __35__ as increasing a car's friendliness.

A) alleviate

B) apparently

C) arrogant

D) associated

E) circumstances

F) competitive

G) conceded

H) consciousness

I) desires

J) excluded

K) feature

L) lonely

M) separate

N) spectacularly

O) warrant

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Why More Farmers Are Making The Switch to Grass-Fed Meat and Dairy

A) Though he didn't come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him. He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.

B) Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass-fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir(发酵乳饮品), on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph's top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn't going to suffice.

C) His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since , the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.

D) All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began, with no end in sight. Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open- minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland s natural seed bank, and fertilized by the cows' own fertilizer.

E) Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial(微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.

F) In the grass-fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going gras-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they're doing is not working. That's when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer's milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter-fat and other solids.

G) While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands-on and comprehensive, it's just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company's culture. Last summer, Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he' s received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.

H) Smith says he'll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic(整体的) management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.

I) Though advocates portray grass fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20%above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%.

J) And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production, it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corm subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model. “The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,” he says.

K) Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they' re advocates of grass- fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC's most successful product- the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar- Collins and Forrest found they'd exhausted their sources for bison(北美野牛) raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed- lot confined and fed grain and corm.

L) But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass- fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is, “'You car Purchase this S3 million piece of land here, because I'm guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it.' We're bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,” Collins explains.

36. Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.

37. Over the years, Tim Joseph's partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass-fed.

38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.

39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.

40. Tim Joseph's grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.

41. Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.

42. One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.

43. Grass-fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.

44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand.

45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison meat was scarce.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Schools are not just a microcosm (缩影) of society; they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside -- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).

Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime -- treks in Bomeo, a sports tour to Barbados -- appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can't afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.

Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children's passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life 's possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.

But 3,000 pounds trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over 30,000 pounds. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.

The Department for Education 's guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.

46. What does the author say best schools should do?

A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.

B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.

C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.

D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.

47. What does the author think about school field trips?

A) They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.

B) They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.

C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.

D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.

48. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?

A) Events aiming to improve community services.

B) Activities that help to fuel students' ingenuity.

C) Events that require mutual understanding,

D) Activities involving all students on campus.

49. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?

A) They want their children to participate even though they don't see much benefit.

B) They don't want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.

C) They don't want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.

D) They want their children to experience adventures but they don't want them to run risks.

50. What is the author's expectation of schools?

A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity.

B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.

C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.

D) Giving poor students preferential treatment.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的) waters around the Antarctic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study. The study's report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world's last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds.

Co-author Celine Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned: “If there're no actions aimed at halting or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human-induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may soon disappear.” The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic. Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill(磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins. But today's report is the starkest warming yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic's delicate ecosystems.

Le Bohec said: “Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins -- 1.1 million breeding pairs -- will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100.” King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea. As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front -- an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life -- is being pushed further south. This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and kill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer. And as the distance between their breeding, grounds and their fool prows, entire colonies could be wiped out.

Le Bohec said: “The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warming about the future of the entire marine environment in the Antarctic. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems.” Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems. As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce. Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.

51. What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?

A) King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.

B) Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.

C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.

D) The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.

52. What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?

A) Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.

B) Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.

C) Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.

D) Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.

53. What does the passage say about king penguins?

A) They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.

B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.

C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar Front.

D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.

54. What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?

A) Many baby king penguins can't have food in time.

B) Many king penguins could no longer live on kill.

C) Whales will invade king penguins' breeding grounds.

D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.

55. What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?

A) The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.

B) Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.

C) It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguin.

D) Only a few of its islands can serve as luge breeding grounds for king penguins.

六级翻译

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

荷花(lotus flower)是中国的名花之一，深受人们喜爱。中国许多地方的湖泊和池塘都适宜荷花生长。荷花色彩鲜艳，夏日清晨绽放，夜晚闭合，花期长达两三个月，吸引来自各地的游客前往观赏。荷花具有多种功能，既能绿化水面，又能美化庭园，还可净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。荷花迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅，常来比喻人的高尚品德，历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。荷花盛开的地方也是许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之地。

篇6：历年四级真题解析

历年四级真题解析

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Neon (霓虹) is to Hong Kong as red phone booths are to London and fog is to San Francisco. When night falls, red and blue and other colors 26 a hazy (雾蒙蒙的) glow over a city lit up by tens of thousands of neon signs. But many of them are going dark, 27 by more practical, but less romantic, LEDs (发光二极管).

Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderful old signs have businesses embracing LEDs, which are energy 28 , but still carry great cost. “To me, neon represents memories of the past,” says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city's famous signs. “Looking at the signs now I get a feeling of amazement, mixed with sadness.”

Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29 trained on the job to mold glass tubes into 30 shapes and letters. They fill these tubes with gases that glow when 31 . Neon makes orange, while other gases make yellow or blue. It takes many hours to craft a single sign.

Blance spent a week in Hong Kong and 32 more than 60 signs; 22 of them appear in the series that capture the signs lighting up lonely streets—an 33 that makes it easy to admire their colors and craftsmanship. “I love the beautiful, handcrafted, old-fashioned 34 of neon,” says Blance. The signs do nothing more than 35 a restaurant, theater, or other business, but do so in the most striking way possible.

A) alternative B) approach C) cast D) challenging E) decorative F) efficient G) electrified H) identify I) photographed J) professionals K) quality L) replaced M) stimulate N) symbolizes O) volunteers

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

New Jersey School District Eases Pressure on Students—Baring an Ethnic Divide

A) This fall, David Aderhold, the chief of a high-achieving school district near Princeton, New Jersey, sent parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Its students were overburdened and stressed out, having to cope with too much work and too many demands. In the previous school year, 120 middle and high school students were recommended for mental health assessments and 40 were hospitalized. And on a survey administered by the district, students wrote things like, “I hate going to school,” and “Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have learned one thing: that a grade, a percentage or even a point is to be valued over anything else.”

B) With his letter, Aderhold inserted West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District into a national discussion about the intense focus on achievement at elite schools, and whether it has gone too far. At follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a “whole child” approach to schooling that respects “social-emotional development” and “deep and meaningful learning” over academics alone. The alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed to have contributed to a number of suicides in the last six years.

C) But instead of bringing families together, Aderhold's letter revealed a divide in the district, which has 9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial lines. On one side are white parents like Catherine Foley, a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter's middle school, who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to learning. “My son was in fourth grade and told me, 'I'm not going to amount to anything because I have nothing to put on my resume,'” she said. On the other side are parents like Mike Jia, one of the thousands of Asian-American professionals who have moved to the district in the past decade, who said Aderhold's reforms would amount to a “dumbing down” of his children's education. “What is happening here reflects a national anti-intellectual trend that will not prepare our children for the future,” Jia said.

D) About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsor and Plainsboro have become popular bedroom communities for technology entrepreneurs, researchers and engineers, drawn in large part by the public schools. From the last three graduating classes, 16 seniors were admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians and students with perfect SAT scores.

E) The district has become increasingly popular with immigrant families from China, India and Korea. This year, 65 percent of its students are Asian-American, compared with 44 percent in 2007. Many of them are the first in their families born in the United States. They have had a growing influence on the district. Asian-American parents are enthusiastic supporters of the competitive instrumental music program. They have been huge supporters of the district's advanced mathematics program, which once began in the fourth grade but will now start in the sixth. The change to the program, in which 90 percent of the participating students are Asian-American, is one of Aderhold's reforms.

F) Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number of honors and Advanced Placement classes they can take, another practice that Aderhold is limiting this school year. With many Asian-American children attending supplementary instructional programs, there is a perception among some white families that the elementary school curriculum is being sped up to accommodate them.

G) Both Asian-American and white families say the tension between the two groups has grown steadily over the past few years, as the number of Asian families has risen. But the division has become more obvious in recent months as Aderhold has made changes, including no-homework nights, an end to high school midterms and finals, and an initiative that made it easier to participate in the music program.

H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and an author of the Asian American Achievement Paradox, says misunderstanding between first-generation Asian-American parents and those who have been in this country longer are common. What white middle-class parents do not always understand, she said, is how much pressure recent immigrants feel to boost their children into the middle class. “They don't have the same chances to get their children internships (实习职位) or jobs at law firms,” Lee said. “So what they believe is that their children must excel and beat their white peers in academic settings so they have the same chances to excel later. ”

I) The issue of the stresses felt by students in elite school districts has gained attention in recent years as schools in places like Newton, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a number of suicides. West Windsor-Plainsboro has not had a teenage suicide in recent years, but Aderhold, who has worked in the district for seven years and been chief for the last three years, said he had seen troubling signs. In a recent art assignments, a middle school student depicted (描绘) an overburdened child who was being scolded for earning an A, rather than an A+ , on a math exam. In the image, the mother scolds the student with the words, “Shame on you!” Further, he said, the New Jersey Education Department has flagged at least two pieces of writing on state English language assessments in which students expressed suicidal thoughts.

J) The survey commissioned by the district found that 68 percent of high school honor and Advanced Placement students reported feeling stressed about school “always or most of the time.” “We need to bring back some balance,” Aderhold said. “You don't want to wait until it's too late to do something. ”

K) Not all public opinion has fallen along racial lines. Karen Sue, the Chinese-American mother of a fifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competition within the district has gotten out of control. Sue, who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial it back. “It's become an arms race, an educational arms race,” she said. “We all want our kids to achieve and be successful. The question is, at what cost?”

36. Aderhold is limiting the extra classes that students are allowed to take off campus.

37. White and Asian-American parents responded differently to Aderhold's appeal.

38. Suicidal thoughts have appeared in some students' writings.

39. Aderhold's reform of the advanced mathematics program will affect Asian-American students most.

40. Aderhold appealed for parents' support in promoting an all-round development of children, instead of focusing only on their academic performance.

41. One Chinese-American parent thinks the competition in the district has gone too far.

42. Immigrant parents believe that academic excellence will allow their children equal chances to succeed in the future.

43. Many businessmen and professionals have moved to West Windsor and Plainsboro because of the public schools there.

44. A number of students in Aderhold's school district were found to have stress-induced mental health problems.

45. The tension between Asian-American and white families has increased in recent years.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.

For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.

Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who're learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.

But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty's Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.

Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors' learning. The agents' questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.

Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else's accomplishment.

46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?

A) Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.

B) Better learners will become better teachers.

C) Human intelligence tends to grow with age.

D) Philosophical thinking improves instruction.

47. What do we learn about Betty's Brain?

A) It is a character in a popular animation.

B) It is a teaching tool under development.

C) It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.

D) It is a tutor for computer science students.

48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors?

A) It makes them aware of what they are strong at.

B) It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.

C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.

D) It enables them to better understand their teachers.

49. What do students do to teach their teachable agents?

A) They motivate them to think independently.

B) They ask them to design their own questions.

C) They encourage them to give prompt feedback.

D) They use various ways to explain the materials.

50. What is the key factor that eases student tutors' learning?

A) Their sense of responsibility.

B) Their emotional involvement.

C) The learning strategy acquired.

D) The teaching experience gained.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it's easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.

While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.

As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they're not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.

These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man's world—just as middle-aged and older women do.

51. What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?

A) They can get ahead only by striving harder.

B) They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.

C) They are generally quite optimistic about their future.

D) They are better educated than their male counterparts.

52. How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?

A) They are the target of discrimination.

B) They find it satisfactory on the whole.

C) They think it needs further improving.

D) They find their complaints ignored.

53. What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?

A) A sense of accomplishment.

B) Job stability and flexibility.

C) Rewards and promotions.

D) Joy derived from work.

54. What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?

A) The welfare of their children.

B) The narrowing of the gender gap.

C) The fulfillment of their dreams in life.

D) The balance between work and family.

55. What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?

A) They still view this world as one dominated by males.

B) They account for half the workforce in the job market.

C) They see the world differently from older generations.

D) They do better in work than their male counterparts.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥堵和空气污染。 地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点。越来越多的人选择地铁作为每天上班或上学的主要交通工具。如今，在中国乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁。许多当地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁。

四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part Ⅰ Writing

The Importance of Speaking Ability and How to Develop It

As we all know, proficiency in speaking is necessary for us to become well-rounded communicators. However, the capacity to put words together in a meaningful way to reflect thoughts, opinions, and feelings is not something we're born with but needs some techniques and practice.

Firstly, build confidence and concentrate on getting our message across, which help us gain the attention of the audience return. Secondly, experiment with the things we know well instead of challenging ourselves with difficult words since fluency appears more important during oral communication. Lastly, create some opportunities to practice like narrating our daily life to ourselves or maintaining a regular chat with friends.

To sum up, only by being confident enough and using efficient methods can we enhance our speaking ability. Follow the steps to improve our speaking skills in order to achieve a higher standard in communication.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

说明：由于6月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35: CLFJE GIBKH

36-45: FCIEB KHDAG

46-55: ABCDB DCBDA

Part IV Translation

In recent years, more and more cities in China have begun to build subways. The development of subways can help reduce traffic congestion and air pollution in cities. The subway has the advantages of safety, speed and comfort. More and more people choose the subway as the main means of transportation to work or school every day. Nowadays, it is becoming more and more convenient to take the subway in China. In some cities, passengers can use a card or a mobile phone to take the subway. Many local elderly citizens can also take the subway for free.

篇7：英语成人高考的历年真题

词汇与语法知识(共25小题;每题1.5分，共37.5分。)

从每小题的四个选择项中，选出最佳的一项，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边的括弧里。

( )1. The flowers in our school _______ the beauty of our campus.

A. add B. add to C. add up to D. add up

( )2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street， but his mother told him _______.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

( )3. She thought I was talking about her daughter， ______， in fact， I was talking about my daughter.

A. whom B. where C. which D. while

( )4. You don‘t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

( )5. Can you believe that in _______ a rich country _______ there should be many poor people?

A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such

( )6. Paul doesn‘t have to be made ________. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

( )7.―There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.―It _______ a comfortable journey.

A. can‘t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn‘t have been D. couldn’t have been

( )8. If by any chance someone comes to see me， ask them to leave a _______.

A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice

( )9. _______， Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

A. However late is he B. However he is late

C. However is he late D. However late he is

( )10. Alice， why didn I ‘t you come yesterday? but I had an unexpected visitor.

A. had B. would C. was going to D. did

词汇与语法知识答案

1-5、A A D B B 6-10、B D A D C

完形填空。(共20小题;每题1.5分，共30分。)

通读下面的短文，掌握其大意。从每小题的四个选项中选出可填入相应空白处的最佳选择，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边括号里。

If we were askedexactly what we were doing a year ago， we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But ifwe had kept a book and written in it an account of _31_ each day， we should be able to give an answer _32_ the question.

It is the same in thehistory. _33_ have been forgotten because we do not have any written account ofthem. Sometimes men _34_ a record of the important happenings in _35_ country， _36_ often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes therewas never any written record at all because the people _37_ did not know how towrite. For example， we know _38_the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago， because theycould write and _39_ written records for these who live _40_ them. But we know_41_ nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in Central Africa， because they _42_.

Sometimes， of course， even if thepeople cannot write， they may knowsomething of the past. They have learned about it from _43_ people， and often songs and dances and stories have been made about themost important happenings， and these havebeen sung and acted and told _44_ many generations (後代)。 Most peopleare proud to tell _45_ their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history”。 _46_ has now been written down. It is not so exact _47_ so valuableto us _48_ written history is， because words are much more easily _49_ when used again and againin speech than copied in writing. But _50_ no written records， such spoken stories are often very helpful.

( )31.A. what to do B.what we did C. how to do D. how we did

( )32.A. for B. in C.on D. to

( )33.A. all things B.Many things C. More D. Much

( )34.A. did keep B.should keep C. would keep D. were keeping

( )35.A. our B. your C.their D. his

( )36.A. still B. butC. even D. or

( )37.A. when andwhere B. of when and where

C. that time and placeD. of that time and place

( )38.A. a good dealabout B. a lot of about C. many D. much

( )39.A. left B. gaveC. leave D. send

( )40.A. before B.after C. later D. for

( )41.A. almost B.most C. at most D. mostly

( )42.A. have notlearned to write B. have learned to write

C. had learned how towrite D. had not learned to write

( )43.A. older B. theoldest C. outside D. most

( )44.A. by B. aboutC. for D. within

( )45.A. how B. whichC. that D. what

( )46.A. Some of it B.Some of them C. All of it D. Many of them

( )47.A. and B. or C.yet D. even

( )48.A. as B. that C.such D. so

( )49.A. moved B.forgotten C. recited D. changed

( )50.A. where B.there C. where there are D. where they are

完形填空

31.B 32.D 33.B 34.A35.C

36.B 37.D 38.A 39.C40.B

41.A 42.D 43.A 44.C45.D

46.A 47.B 48.A 49.D50.C

★ 历年高考作文真题解析

★ 文言文真题解析

★ 成人高考真题优秀作文

★ 自考大学语文历年真题

★ 河南省历年高考作文真题

★ 历年雅思作文真题总结

★ 公务员考试历年申论真题

★ 四川高考作文真题解析：站起来

★ 雅思大作文真题解析

★ 历年高考真题满分作文精选