下面是小编为大家推荐的考研英语复习：历年真题五大细节指点（共含6篇），欢迎大家分享。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“花千骨”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
考研英语复习：历年真题五大细节指点
考研英语在不断的改革后变得逐渐向应用法相来转变，这是大势所趋，也是未来英语教育方面需要改革的重点，我们应该抛弃以往的“填鸭式”的教学方式，让人们学会应用，这是必然!从历年的考研英语真题研究我们发现，语法不在作为单独的考察项目出现，而是更加贴近我们的生活实际，阅读量的不断增大和翻译篇幅的加长上我们可以看出这点，了解这些变化规律需要我们大家认真地研究真题，提高对长难句的研究便成为我们突破考研获得高分的必经之路了。
我们应该在做好传统知识复习的情况下，理解考研考点的基础上争取做到面面俱到手到擒来，随着大家学习程度的不断加深，和知识层次的不断提高，对于每年的考研真题进行深入而细致地研究找到突破口，做到“知己知彼”才是我们的济世良方。
今天小编和大家探讨一下历年真题的重要性所在：
第一点：语法方面：
在历年考题的研究中我们会发现，我们以往所学过的任何语法项目都能在考研的真题当中找到影子，这是必然的，因为我们的知识结构就是这样的，很多同学不是很在意语法的复习认为只要词汇量到了就能读懂句子把题做对，其实不然，凭借语感做题只能解决我们短时间的达到做题的效果，这种方法其实只是治标不治本，最佳的'解决方案是，拿出一本真题书，将自己所遇到的语法项目找出来，各个攻破，这才是绝招。
第二点：词汇方面：
我在给学员的学习计划中很重视这一点的学习，但是很多同学还是没有注意起来，词汇方面的复习和记忆很多同学采取的都是自己的一套老方法---死记硬背，这点能起到效果，那也只是暂时的，没有长效型，因为我们没有学会应用，只知道词汇意思所在，不能举一反三灵活应用，这点其实非常可怕，不管怎样，我们都必须认识到，学习是为了在社会生活中进行应用，如果教育没有达到这个作用，那就使我们教育的悲哀。应用才是硬道理。
第三点：句子方面：
这里所说的句子并不是单纯存在的句子，而是句子里面蕴含的意思，需要对其进行深入分析，包括它所涉及的语法项目和考点，将它和文章真题练习起来它在文章中起到什么作用，是不是主题句，单独拆分开我是不是能理解它的作用和意义，我能不能将其流畅的翻译出来，这个很关键，经常翻阅真的同学们可能会发现，一个句子的结构类型在文中出现的比例非常高，甚至每段都有重复，这就是他的关联性，倘若一个句子理解了，你能不能给你的同学或者朋友讲解，如果能顺利表达你的意思并能让对方理解那你就是成功的，至少你能说出一二三四五来，如此重复，定能达到“炉火纯青”你的英语学习也会有了质的飞跃。
第四点：段落方面：
有了前面的基础，理解起段落的意思似乎变的简单了许多，如同盖楼我们的基础打好了，楼便可以越改越高，保证质量的同时我们并不担心他的复杂性。这里需要注意的是我们需要在做这点工作的时候注意，了解文章段落的结构模式，是总分总、还是总分结构，逻辑思维的培养有助于我们了解文章的特点和文章类型，分析的久了你会发现这其中的规律非常明显，一看文章你就知道这篇文章的类型时，你就明白了，考研其实不是那么难。
第五点：文章方面：
所有的前提都建立在我们对基础知识打的很牢靠的基础上，理解了段落在文章中的意思后理解起文章来也会变的简单很多，这个不用怀疑，在课外阅读的时候要不断涉猎不同的文章类型，从你自己的所学习的专业出发，看看这个行业的一些专业词汇你是不是都认识了，能不能理解，见到以后能不能很快说出它的变化规律来，有什么忌讳，不断涉猎不同的文章类型，从记叙到说明，从议论到报告，等等。这些内容都有哪些方面是自己最熟悉的，最了解的，这点认识了后，逐渐向其他行业拓展，你就会很快认识到每个行业的文章、每个类型的文章的写作规律和特点来，如果这点工作能做好，那你就走到了其他同学的前面了!未来也就不远了!
考研英语历年真题研究 注意五大细节
我们应该在做好传统知识复习的情况下，理解考研考点的基础上争取做到面面俱到手到擒来，随着大家学习程度的不断加深，和知识层次的不断提高，对于每年的考研真题进行深入而细致地研究找到突破口，做到“知己知彼”才是我们的济世良方。今天和大家探讨一下历年真题的重要性所在：
第一点：词汇方面
我在给学员的学习计划中很重视这一点的学习，但是很多同学还是没有注意起来，词汇方面的复习和记忆很多同学采取的都是自己的一套老方法---死记硬背，这点能起到效果，那也只是暂时的，没有长效型，因为我们没有学会应用，只知道词汇意思所在，不能举一反三灵活应用，这点其实非常可怕，不管怎样，我们都必须认识到，学习是为了在社会生活中进行应用，如果教育没有达到这个作用，那就使我们教育的悲哀。应用才是硬道理。
第二点：语法方面
在历年考题的研究中我们会发现，我们以往所学过的任何语法项目都能在考研的真题当中找到影子，这是必然的，因为我们的知识结构就是这样的，很多同学不是很在意语法的复习认为只要词汇量到了就能读懂句子把题做对，其实不然，凭借语感做题只能解决我们短时间的`达到做题的效果，这种方法其实只是治标不治本，最佳的解决方案是，拿出一本真题书，将自己所遇到的语法项目找出来，各个攻破，这才是绝招。
第三点：句子方面
这里所说的句子并不是单纯存在的句子，而是句子里面蕴含的意思，需要对其进行深入分析，包括它所涉及的语法项目和考点，将它和文章真题练习起来它在文章中起到什么作用，是不是主题句，单独拆分开我是不是能理解它的作用和意义，我能不能将其流畅的翻译出来，这个很关键，经常翻阅真的同学们可能会发现，一个句子的结构类型在文中出现的比例非常高，甚至每段都有重复，这就是他的关联性，倘若一个句子理解了，你能不能给你的同学或者朋友讲解，如果能顺利表达你的意思并能让对方理解那你就是成功的，至少你能说出一二三四五来，如此重复，定能达到“炉火纯青”你的英语学习也会有了质的飞跃。
第四点：段落方面
有了前面的基础，理解起段落的意思似乎变的简单了许多，如同盖楼我们的基础打好了，楼便可以越改越高，保证质量的同时我们并不担心他的复杂性。这里需要注意的是我们需要在做这点工作的时候注意，了解文章段落的结构模式，是总分总、还是总分结构，逻辑思维的培养有助于我们了解文章的特点和文章类型，分析的久了你会发现这其中的规律非常明显，一看文章你就知道这篇文章的类型时，你就明白了，考研其实不是那么难。
第五点：文章方面
所有的前提都建立在我们对基础知识打的很牢靠的基础上，理解了段落在文章中的意思后理解起文章来也会变的简单很多，这个不用怀疑，在课外阅读的时候要不断涉猎不同的文章类型，从你自己的所学习的专业出发，看看这个行业的一些专业词汇你是不是都认识了，能不能理解，见到以后能不能很快说出它的变化规律来，有什么忌讳，不断涉猎不同的文章类型，从记叙到说明，从议论到报告，等等。这些内容都有哪些方面是自己最熟悉的，最了解的，这点认识了后，逐渐向其他行业拓展，你就会很快认识到每个行业的文章、每个类型的文章的写作规律和特点来，如果这点工作能做好，那你就走到了其他同学的前面了！未来也就不远了！
以上是我谈到的关于在真题研究中需要要注意的词、法、句、段、文五点在真题研究中的作用，希望对大家有一定的参考价值！好运！
考研英语真题答案及详细解析
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____.
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardised exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17__ that, then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20__.
1. A grants B submits C transmits D dilivers
2. A minor B external C crucial D objective
3. A issue B vision C picture D moment
4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example
5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless
6. A in B for C to D on
7. A if B until C though D unless
8. A. test B.emphasize C.share D.promote
9. A.decision B.quality C.status D.success
10. A.found B.studied C.chosen D.identified
11. A.otherwise B.defensible C.replaceable D.exceptional
12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured
13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged
14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave
15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather
16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced
17. A below B after C above D before
18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop
19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard
20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpful
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In the film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.
21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill.
[B] insensitivity to fashion.
[C] obsession with high fashion.
[D] lack of imagination.
22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste.
[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.
[C] resist the influence of advertisements.
[D] shop for their garments more frequently.
23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation.
[B] enthusiasm.
[C] indifference.
[D] tolerance.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
25. What is the subject of the text?
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.
Text 2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track ”(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, M
Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:“we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?
26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:
[A] ease competition among themselves
[B] lower their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints from consumers
[D] provide better online services
27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:
[A] online advertisers
[B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis
[D] internet browser developers
28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the number of junk ads
[B] fails to affect the ad industry
[C] will not benefit consumers
[D] goes against human nature
29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?
[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose
[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers
[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:
[A] indulgence
[B] understanding
[C] appreciaction
[D] skepticism
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .
Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment
[B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks
[D] our belief in equal opportunity
32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are
[A] a sustained species
[B] a threaten to the environment
[C] the world’s dominant power
[D] a misplaced race
33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?
[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.
[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.
34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to
[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources
[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world
[C] draw on our experience from the past
[D] curb our ambition to reshape history
35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Uncertainty about Our Future
[B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
[D] Science, Technology and Humanity
Text 4
On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Aministration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.
An arizona.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun .On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field ” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers
However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued tha Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.
[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.
[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.
37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?
[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.
[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.
[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution.
[B] undermined the states’ interests.
[C] supported the federal statute.
[D] stood in favor of the states.
39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states.
[B] is dependent on the states’ support.
[C] is established by federal statutes.
[D] rarely goes against state laws.
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.
Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing.As of ,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since .
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .
Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since ,(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon ,a new program to be enacted in ,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social
scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly
specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing
elsewhere,such as policy briefs.
[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the
100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these
Keywords.
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .
[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.
Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.
46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.
48. The gardens of the homeless which are in efffect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such
49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic
50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
Section III Writing
Part A
51.Directions:
Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college,inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail.Use “Li Ming”instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points)
Part B
52.Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing .In your essay,you should
1) describe the drawing briefly.
2) interpret its intended meaning ,and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)
英语答案
1.A(grants)
2. B(external)
3. C(picture)
4. D(for example)
5. B(fearful)
6. D(on)
7. A(if)
8. A(test)
9. D(success)
10.C(chosen)
11.A(otherwise)
12.C(conducted)
13.B(rated)
14.C(took)
15.B(then)
16.C(marked)
17.D(before)
18.D(drop)
19.B(undo)
20.A(necessary)
Text 1
21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[B] insensitivity to fashion.
22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to
[D] shop for their garments more frequently.
23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph
[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing
25. What is the subject of the text
[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
Text 2
26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:
[B] lower their operational costs
27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:
[A] online advertisers
28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[C] will not benefit consumers
29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6
[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose
30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:
[D] skepticism
Text3
31·[B] our faith in science and technology
32·[A] a sustained species
33·[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive
34·[C] draw onour experience from the past
35·[C] TheEver-bright Prospects of Mankind
Text 4
36. [C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law
37. [C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.
38. [D]stood in favor of the states
39. [A] outweighs that held by the states
40. [B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.
41.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior .all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
42.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .
43.[B] However, the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
44.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.
45.[C] the idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy;and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
46. 然而,令人震惊的是,当人们看到又无家可归者建造的花园照片时,由于风格的多样性,所有这些花园显示了超越了装饰与创造性表现的其它各种各样的基本诉求.
47.尽管可能有点简陋,但这一神圣和平之地明显象征着人类需求,就好比外壳明显象征着动物需求.
48. 那些无家可归者的花园实际上是“无家可归”的家园,同花园被引入了城市,在那儿,它们之前即不存在也未曾像这样可以被辨识.
49 . 我们中的大部分人屈服于道德败坏,在某些心理状态下我们通常归咎于道德败坏,直到有一天我们发现自己身处花园,压迫感奇迹般地消失了.
50. 尽管在某种被解放的意义上,但正是这种含蓄或明显的对大自然的引用认可了使用“花园”一词来描述这些被合成的建筑。
51.
Dear Mr. Smith,
As a member of the Students’ Union, I am writing this letter to request whether you could serve as a judge in the English speech contest to be held in our university next Saturday.
This contest aims at improving the students’ communicative and practical ability in English, the details of which are as follows. To begin with, the participants are mainly the seniors who will step into the society three months later. In addition, the theme is concerning the utmost significance of future choice after graduation.
It is my sincere hope that you can present yourself in this extracurricular activity. I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
52. 参考范文：
The set of cartoon given above dramatically features a scene of college graduates choosing their future destination. When stepping out of the ivory tower, the would-be graduates will confront with multiple choices, such as hunting a job, taking part in National Entrance Examination for MS/MA. What is conveyed in the picture carries a far-reaching implication for both us and our society.
The drawing is designed to remind us of the crucial importance of the distinctive goal in future development, which is a practical issue confronting every would-be graduate. On the one hand, for a real road, if stepping on a wrong way, one can return to the original point, but life is a one-way journey: one cannot start it all over again. Different choices in life may make great differences. On the other hand, to some extent, future is a combination of choices and efforts. Some people even believe that one’s success depends more on how intelligently he chooses than on how diligently he works. With a wrong direction the farther we go, the farther we are away from our dream.
Therefore, positive mental guidance must be popularized among the public, especially the young to help them keep a clear mind and make wise choices in the life journey. Besides, every youngster should be educated to realize his position and the reality and choose his life goal in a down-to-earth manner. Only with a right direction and destination can all the efforts make towards our dream pay off.
从历年真题谈 如何复习考研英语
这次考研英语试卷再次向我们证明，考研阅读特点之一是文章很难读懂，有些考生由于词汇量小，句子分析能力差，根本读不懂文章，这些考生那就只有陪考了，考研也就重在参与。特点之二在于选项迷惑性大，排除错误选项很需要时间，而且不一定选对，这是广大考生普遍得出的一致结论。因此考研阅读想要顺利过关，就必须要经过长期刻苦的训练。比如阅读题干扰项的排除方法，都是我们在课上反复讲到的。所以大家在平时复习的时候，一定不要简单的认为考研英语就是考察英语词汇水平，它所考查的不仅仅是词汇和句子分析水平，重要的是排除错误选项的能力，另外还有逻辑思维和推理能力。希望这个方向能够为正在着手准备考研的同学们带来一些启发。
启示一：考研阅读文章是取自时效性强的报刊文章
通过对最近6年考研英语阅读文章的分析，我们不难发现，英美报刊学术性的文章已经明显成为考研阅读理解文章优先选择的对象，因为研究生顾名思义是将来要做学术研究的，做学术研究就应该不断接触国际学术前沿的一些东西，因此就需要能读懂外文资料来获取本专业的知识。所以建议广大考生从现在开始多读一些英美报刊杂志上的文章，重视报刊学术性文章的写作特色，体会这类文章的写作方式和词汇特色，从而弄清楚文章作者的态度和观点。
启示二：深入透彻地把握住核心词汇
由于考研英语文章选自英美报刊主流杂志，比如《经济学人》，《时代》等，这些报刊杂志文章中的词汇有三个特点：1. 词汇比较新颖，并且词义灵活多变，阅读起来感觉总是觉得有些单词是认识了，但词义特别难以确定。2. 专业性很强，因为都是一些学术性的文章，所以单词的词义在不同的专业里的词义是不同的。
启示三：加强阅读解题技能的提高
考研英语可以说是国内最难的'英语考试，它的难主要体现在文章读懂了，却经常高高兴兴地选一个错误答案。从命题老师设置的4个选项来看，今年的阅读题也秉承了近几年考研阅读的出题特点，选项的迷惑性较大。选项的设置主要还是通过以下两个角度，一是从语言的角度，命题老师针对考生对文章中某些词义理解不透彻和某个句子结构分析不清楚而设置的。这就需要考生不断扩大词汇量和句子结构的分析能力。二是从逻辑和思维能力两个角度来出题，测试不同的逻辑关系，比如因果关系，比较关系等，这就需要专门的训练才能充分掌握好。
考研教育网提醒广大考生对于考研英语的复习一定要注意日常的积累，祝大家复习顺利！
考研英语复习研究历年阅读真题
作决定要慎重，而一旦下了决定，就必须坚持到底。要在干扰前不为所动，一切以考研为中心。人的精力是有限的，一旦决定考研就不要去找工作，因为找工作会牵扯你很大的精力。我所知道的大部分高分同学都没有找工作，而且考完之后也会有很多好的工作机会。
作为一名两年参加考研的过来人，我有一些经验于广大同学共享。考研是人生的一件大事，要经过慎重考虑。我总结考研的同学有以下几种类型：
1. 跟风型，大家都考研我也考研。
2. 本科工作难找，为了要个文凭以便找个理想工作。
3. 逃避现实型，不知如何面对社会，想继续留在学校。
4. 家命难违型，迫于家庭压力而考研。
5. 学术型，确实想在学术界有所作为的。
我想大多数同学都应该是前四种类型的，都不是有很强的主动考研欲望。其实我们早晚都要步入社会，如果本科毕业能找到合适的工作也很好。别人的意见还是要我们自己作出决定，所以避免盲目考研很重要。个人觉得第一种类型的同学应该摆正心态，作为一个有主见的人没必要跟风。2，3，4类的同学要在权衡利弊的情况下慎重决定考研。
作决定要慎重，而一旦下了决定，就必须坚持到底。要在干扰前不为所动，一切以考研为中心。人的精力是有限的，一旦决定考研就不要去找工作，因为找工作会牵扯你很大的精力。我所知道的大部分高分同学都没有找工作，而且考完之后也会有很多好的工作机会。
下定决心后就要开始复习了，我觉得复习不要太早，战线拉的过长容易让人疲劳，坚持高效的复习更为重要。考研是毅力和方法的较量。
英语，有一点我必须要讲，那就是英语的水平并不一定和考研英语分数成正比。我的英语水平就很一般，但还是打了77分，所以英语不好的同学一定要有信心，只要方法的'当加上努力复习，英语也会取得一个理想的分数。
考研英语与我们以前参加过的英语考试有很大不同，要想取得理想的分数必须认真研究其特点。
首先是单词，相对四六级而言，考研更注重对单词深度的考核，一般出题点不一定是单词的原意而是其引申意。这就要求我们背单词时不但要有量的要求，还要有质的突破。我不太喜欢很厚的单词书，因为它会给人一种望而生畏的感觉。我觉得周固老师的狂背单词就比较好，大小合适，方便随身携带，而且单词都给出了两个以上的意义。背的时候我都是快速的过，因为我觉得这样的效果最好。
众所周知考研的重点是阅读，考研英语对阅读的要求除了在大纲上的空洞表述外，还反映在每年的真题之中。只有对历年的真题阅读研究透彻，才能在考试中胸有成竹。
所谓透彻的研究要做到以下几点：
1. 每篇文章都没有生词，没有难句。
2. 每道题都能在原文找到出处。
3. 每个选项都能找到正误的依据。
4. 能理清每篇文章的脉络与结构。
以上几点看起来容易，但真正做到是非常不易的。刚开始可能会非常痛苦，但一定要坚持住。坚持就是胜利。
翻译是比较容易拿分的部分，要想取得高分翻译必须要答好。翻译主要是定语从句的考察，各种类型的技巧考研教育网的老师在课堂上都会又详细的讲解，再次就不再赘述了。
考研英语 真题如何复习
》一、真题的重要性真题对于考研来说是个宝库，里面的资源越挖越深，越挖越多。通过对真题的学习提升自己的英语水平、提高语言学习的能力和竞争实力。做题方法原则上应该是每隔几天做一套，做完题目之后一定要进行精读，彻底读懂每一个符号。做一套题目要3小时，可真正吃透里面的知识可能要花30个小时，才能真正达到融会贯通。做完真题后要分析对错，并且把里面的语言点提炼、吸收。
真题是许多专家精心编纂的，每道题都要深思熟虑、反复论证才会最终出现在考生面前。因此，真题总是给人一种名门正派的感觉。题目即使难，也不会“怪”或“偏”。近几年的难度也没有大起大落。而市面上的各色辅导书，就很难保证这一点了，编纂人的水平、投入的精力都是不能和真题相提并论的。所以，真题是考研英语复习的必备材料。我们绝不能把真题简单地当成“题”做，而应该把它当成攻克考研的“教材”反复研究。在此，建议各位考生在做真题时，先不要一上来就将答案写到题上，要避免以后再做时“提醒”自己。
有些人可能认为真题是我们唯一应该抓住的东西，或者说真题至上这种说法，或者说只做真题就够了这种观点，我们认为这种说法是有一定的合理性，但是也有片面性。如果说只是从头到尾研究真题，同学们可能会感觉到比较乏味，当我们把每套题细分、解剖、肢解之后，自然的语感就会破坏，只靠研究真题而忽略英语语言学习的本身，这样的做法是比较极端的，甚至是错误的。同学们应该在掌握真题的基础上拓宽视野，沉浸在英语的氛围里，以达到真正的提高英语实力的目的.。比方说大家可以阅读一些英美报刊里面摘选的一些文章，比方《时代周刊》、《经济学人》、《新闻周刊》等这样的英美报刊，也可以上网浏览或者是下载一些相关的资料，或者做一些补充练习，这样浸泡在英语学习的氛围里面，大家才可以保持语感，同时对英语思维能力、表达能力，具体来说写作能力，会有很大的帮助。
二、如何利用真题进行复习
我们要明确：任何一本考研英语辅导书都不能代替真题。
第一遍：严格按照考试时间，创造最贴近考试的环境来完成真题。
第二遍：摘抄生词，长句进行记忆分析，进一步熟悉文章，正面分析正确选择项，使自己的思路初步贴近出题人的思路。看答案的时候最好不要看相关的分析，因为这样可能会让自己的思路跟着出书人跑。另外，你需要对出的题目有一个分类了，例如细节题目，作者态度题目，例证题目，文章主旨题目等等，为以后的进一步总结应对策略打下基础。
第三遍：反面分析错误选择项（至关重要！）
主要应该主要从4个方面着手：
1，对比正确选项和错误选项，找出其差异所在。
在知道了为什么正确答案为什么正确的基础上找出错误的原因，出题人为什么要用这个错误选项来迷惑我们――用的是偷换概念还是以小代大？同意互换的修饰成分是否遗漏？作者观点题目答案给的是不是有出题人主观倾向以及这种倾向是不是可以作为规律来对待？
2，把错误选择项带到原文中，看看出题人是怎么把作者意图和事实歪曲的。
关于这点你可以分析完10篇来一个总结，你会很惊奇的发现：原来每道题目错误选项的来路是这么的相似！以后再见到这种错误选项的时候很大程度上你就能感觉到什么应该是正确的什么是错误的了（这就是你和出题人思路的接近过程）。
3，把握绝对和相对的关系，找出错误选项代表性的词汇。
很多老师会这么告诉你：包含some，perhaps，appromately，about，seems等词汇的选择项一般都是正确的，而包含certainly，extremely等绝对的一般都是错误的。这个可以当成一个一般的原则来应用，但是我要求你们并不是简单的把这类词汇给看到然后就直接的判断出其正确性或者错误性，我们现在是打基础，必须对自己从严要求，我们应该这样做：找出代表性词汇后进行汇总，根据肯定否定的语气轻重来把它们进行排序，然后回到题目看看出题目的人是怎么把作者不太肯定的语气给“硬化”的（老外很少说绝对，中国人经常说绝对）。
4，把自己当成出题人来思考（换位思考）。
你需要把自己放到出题人的角度来对待错误选项，因为错误选项都是很熟悉中国人思维的专家出的，因此，你如果单纯的从自己（考生）的角度思考错误选择项，很可能会百思不得其解，而在把我原文的基础之上把自己看成出题人情况就会很不同。这是提高你考试能力的一个很重要的方法，到你经过一系列的训练，能从出题人的思路把握选择项的时候，你就是真正的知彼知己，从而就很容易的达到百战不殆了。
模拟题千千万万，只有真题每一年都是唯一的，希望大家认真研究真题，把握最后的复习机会，考试取得优异的成绩。
kaoyan/★ 考研复习五大禁忌
