下面给大家分享托福阅读技巧和基础哪个更重要（共含4篇），欢迎阅读!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“yixin7165”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
托福阅读技巧和基础哪个更重要?
一.词汇积累很重要
从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有“葵花宝典”在手，也会败在托福阅读考试之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习是完全不可取的。
二.找关键信息
TOEFL的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的80%。
三.多做题
排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。
托福阅读：冲击高分的三种能力
在托福阅读中，一般选材会涉及自然科学(天文、地质、生物学等)、人文和社会科学(文学、历史、人类学、社会学等)以及艺术和商务等学科领域。多阅读这些文章，一方面可以了解相关的常识和背景知识，同时可借此机会熟悉不同学科的常用词汇。
一、信息定位能力
练习快速扫描，在文章或段落中定位并查找重要的事实和信息，包括主题信息、概念名称、日期、地点和数字等。经常反复地练习，可以提高阅读的速度和流利程度。
二、速读理解能力
1.在掌握语法知识(如：语句结构、代词等)以后，应采用各种手段，努力扩大词汇量，扫除阅读中存在的生字障碍。
2. 练习速读，训练通过快速浏览而非逐句细读发现文章主旨的能力。托福阅读考试的选材，从文体角度看，大多是说明体和议论体的正式书面语文章。其语篇模式一般为导言、主题、支撑、结论四部分，并且每一段落的开头常可发现主题句。
根据英语语篇的上述特点，阅读时注意文章的首尾段落以及每一段落的开始一、二句话，常有助于迅速发现所读内容的主旨。同时，注意语篇中一些具有语义提示作用的信息词和短语，对于重要信息的快速查找和定位也是有帮助的。
3.还可以根据托福考试的题型有针对性地进行一些练习，包括文章中出现的代词(he， they， that， these， it， one， others等)，找出它们所指代的名词;根据文章提供的信息，练习推理、预测和归纳结论的能力;选择阅读中遇到的生字，根据前后语句所提供的上下文线索猜测字义，例如：
· Everyone faces times when one goal or another has to come first; decidingwhich goals are most important is setting priorities.(根据语句结构，划线单字的意义由is提示是指the most important goals)
· A skyscraper， or building more than twenty storieshigh， is built on a foundation of concrete supported bypiles driven into the ground.(句中or在这里表示“或者说”，提示划线单字的意义为buildingmore than twenty stories high)
· Unlike her gregarious sister， Jane is a shy， unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make newfriends. (从Unlike所表示的对照关系，可以确定划线单字的意义正是shy， unsociable的反面，即sociable， friendly)
· In spite of the fact that the beautiful egret is in danger of dying outcompletely， many clothing manufacturers still offerhandsome prices for their long， elegant tail feathers， which are used as decorations on ladies’ hats.(从全句的意思，特别是描述其特征的feathers等词，可判断划线单字是指a type of bird)
三、研读整理能力
1.训练阅读除了需要培养理解文章含义和增强查找信息的能力外，还应适当注意所读材料的组织结构及写作手法，例如：该文章的组织方式可能是比较对照、分类、因果等，某个例子在阐述过程中有何作用。这有助于理解把握文章内涵和归纳概括内容提要。
2.练习概括提要，区分主要与次要内容。对于描述过程的文章，可练习按顺序总结步骤，写出提要。若文章涉及信息分类，可尝试制作图表并将相关内容分类排列。虽然新托福考试并不要求自己设计分类图表，但这项练习有助于加强信息整理的意识，可以帮助大家更快适应此类题型。
3.根据提要或图表对阅读内容进行口头或书面的总结概述，以配合口语和写作部分综合型考题的需要。
4.选取句子或段落练习释义解述(paraphrase)。一方面，阅读测试包含考查对解述语句的辨识能力;此外，在口语和写作部分的综合型考题中也需要运用此项技能，可以同时提升。
托福阅读：新题难题攻克技巧
ETS在我们欢度五一小长期时，“肆无忌惮”的又放大招——涨价(现价1761元)，除此之外，从今年一月份开始，考生各种反馈，听力和阅读在变难，TPO神马的已不能满足现在的备考需求，真的是这样吗?
其实从新的TPO40-48来看，无论阅读文章难度、长度和考试侧重点都发生很大变化。尤其是阅读方面，我归纳大致是以下三点：
(1)文章难度方面：TPO1-37的段落偏短，在100字左右，题目数量偏少，现在的段落一般在300字左右，一个段落中出现的大概3-5道题目，所以对大家来说，寻找题目答案的难度是有所提升的。
(2)文章题型方面：题型有所创新，TPO1-37为传统的十大题型，TPO40-48是新增加创新型题型，难度方面更加往SAT去靠拢;如TPO44阅读Q11，出现LEAST。
(3)答题技巧方面：TPO1-37都是规律性的解题技巧，TPO40-48需要在答题技巧以外需要更多的综合能力。
那么针对以上三大变化，我们又改如何应对呢?我觉得可以从四大方面入手准备，各个击破!
一、词汇，爱你没商量，永远是主旋律。说起词汇，大多学生反应是头疼，根本记不住，然而阅读词汇就只要大致认识或是能推出文中词汇的大致方向就算过关，并且要以动词为主，因为动词决定句意和名词关系，而形容词和副词只是情感词，托福阅读一般来说又不考察作者的情感色彩，所以我们就要做到：
1. 找一本适合的词汇书，同时因为你词汇量比较小，而且背单词比较枯燥，需要联想记忆，包括故事，语音和词根词缀。
2. 同时也建议你在背单词书的同时，大量的精读托福阅读文章。因为我们获得单词是从两个方面获得的，一方面是机械地获得这个词汇，另一方面是来自阅读的文章中，在阅读中背单词是特别快，而且不容易忘记。所以建议两方面结合，个是背一本单词书;第二个是大量阅读新托福的文章，包括老的托福的文章也是特别有意义的文章，同时把里面的单词全部都背下来是非常有利的。为什么这么强调单词呢?就在于新托福的阅读中有1/4的题目全部在于词汇上。
二、理清句子结构，获得句子主干。可以用下面句子自测：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance. (介词结构from…to…作定语) 持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使用性能的钢丝，终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖了从精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。
分句1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century
分句2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it
分句3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality
分句4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects
分句5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound
分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance
本句真正的主句结构其实是由分句1和分句4构成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects，分句2和分句3并列修饰说明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，而分句5和分句6并列，修饰说明了 分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects。
三、必要的背景知识。很多同学读地质、天文类的文章简直就是雾里看花，水中望月，因为我们对板块的形成运动，太阳系及宇宙黑洞，又或者是火山地震和冰川的了解太少了，而这类文章的描述又特别细致，所以建议同学们看看Discovery或是学习自然科学，熟悉词汇，对常见的自然现象做深入了解。
四、科学的做题方法和练习。当万事俱备时，就是我们刷题之时。刷题并不意味着一味的做题，要掌握每种题型的做题方法，保证思考方向的正确性。其次就是计时练习，如果做题没有紧张感，一是造成阅读速度一直无法提高，二是考试的时候紧张有可能做不完题或是读文章不走心，需要重复读，浪费时间，还容易出错，所以必须严格控制答题时间。
托福阅读技巧和基础哪个更重要?
一.词汇积累很重要
从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有“葵花宝典”在手，也会败在托福阅读考试之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习是完全不可取的。
二.找关键信息
TOEFL的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的80%。
三.多做题
排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。
提高阅读效率的四大招
托福阅读是新托福考试在传统意义上被认为是最容易拿高分的一项，但因此轻视而导致成绩不佳的同学也大有人在。需要正确认识的是：阅读技能贯穿了整个托福考试：听力题目选项的快速浏览、口语题干背景的准确把握、以及综合写作短篇论点论据的有效定位，均需要快速高效的阅读能力配合完成。那么我们怎么做题才能使托福阅读用最少的时间呢。
方法一：快速泛读(fastextensivereading)
这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章，要求读得快，理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额，定额要结合自己的实际，可多可少，例如每天读20页。
方法二：计时阅读(timedreading)
计时阅读每次进行5～10分钟即可，不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读，精力高度集中，时间一长，容易疲劳，精力分散反而乏味。
方法三：寻读(Scanning)
寻读又称查读，同略读一样，寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。
寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。
方法四：略读(skimming)
略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。
略读有下列几个特点：
A.以极快的速度阅读文章，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。
B.可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。
C.理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。
托福阅读背景资料 之“盗梦空间”
托福阅读背景材料精选了历次托福考试的相关阅读背景知识。
做梦就是正常人发“神经病”( dream and sleep)
梦是生活中难解之谜，自古以来引起各种各样的解释和猜想。释梦几乎是精神分析医生及占卜者所独有。笔者就近期对脑电波、香味、音乐与气功的研究科学观点出发，尝试努力把哲学、生理学、心理学及脑科学知识融为一体客观地去探索“睡与梦”的机理，寻找启发性新理论来满足科学及哲学范畴对“睡与梦”解释的需要。透过对“睡与梦”探讨过程，希能使朋友们更好地去认识您自己，发掘自己的潜能。
慢波和快波睡眠
从脑电波“EEG“对睡眠的研究得知，我们每天从入睡到起床的睡眠皆会做梦。睡眠过程中有慢波及快波两种睡眠“参考图一”，入睡开始时先会很快进入慢波睡眠，大约九十分钟後会进入第一次快波睡眠，快波和慢波两者交替发生，一夜的睡眠中约出现三至五次快慢波循环。第一个快波睡眠周期约五分锺长，随後第二个快波睡眠周期按比例渐加长时间。快波睡眠时，睡者有快速眼球转动“REM”的特别现象。快波睡眠时如叫醒睡者，他就知道正在做梦，如果做梦之後过五分锺才叫醒睡者就不会知道自己曾经做过梦。世界各地的睡眠研究报告均证实人在快波睡眠期会做梦，因此快波睡眠又称为“做梦期”。
脑神经生理学及精神分析学对“梦”的解释
对梦的解释不论古今中外都引起广泛兴趣及争论，大致可分脑神经生理学及精神分析学两学派：
1.脑神经生理学者克里克“F.Crick”是近代代表者。
他认为做事是为了整理记忆，梦并不是提醒我们什麽，而是通过快波睡眠忘记无用讯息，避免储存讯息过度饱和而造成混乱。做事时主要是大脑的脑干部份产生兴奋，发出讯号引起脑视觉区出现影像，前脑把传送到视觉区讯号勉强编成梦，若浪费精力去解释梦意义是毫无价值。
2.精神分析学者佛洛伊德“S.Freud”认为：人有根多欲望和想法被压抑在潜意识深处。入睡後，彼压抑的欲望和观念便会在梦中偷偷进入意识里，但它们是经过化装的，真实意义已经过象征化或符号化。对梦作分析可以了解压抑与问题所在“也可预先参考图二”。
从电脑学发掘“梦”的新理论
快波睡眠等于做梦吗?实验报告证明快波睡眠期约有百分之七十机会做梦。但如果说快波睡眠就是做梦期，在母体内的胎儿及新生儿，快波睡眠高达百分之五十五至百分百。为什麽人生经验几乎是零的胎儿及新生儿，脑中还有什麽压抑欲望或无用讯息须花费那麽多时间去做梦?不论克里克或佛洛伊德的理论都无法获得满意答案。纽曼“T.Newman”和伊凡斯“C.Evans”两位学者提出从电脑角度去胁助理解人脑做梦机制，他们把人脑入睡後不能感知外界讯息时比拟电脑需暂停正常运作始能输入新程式或修改旧程式，来解释快波睡眠期可能是人脑在膳录或修改程式的时刻。此新启发性理论可满意解释胎儿及新生儿需要那麽长的快波睡眠，因为他们脑中的蛋白质分子正忙著在其脑纹上膳录生存本能及生活所必需的大量程式。此电脑程式观点不仅能把佛洛伊德和克里克理论互相沟通，同时对于析解各种人脑之谜注前迈跨一步。
梦境探讨
梦是一种正常的生理、心理现象，正如入经过白天活动後需要睡眠让身心获得充份休息来消除疲劳。梦对心理方面具有调和与舒解的作用。假使没有梦，许多人可能早就会得神经病了。佛洛伊德认为：做梦就是正常人发“神经病”，而神经病人就是白天睁著眼睛做“大梦”。梦境这种无意识心理活动是人类的第二精神世界，怛光怪陆离梦境常使人产生迷惑。佛洛伊德在“梦的分析”书中有详尽介绍。分析内容大致分三类：
1.睡眠时躯体受到的刺激：睡眠中如太冷时，会梦见在冰天雪地。太热时，会梦见处身火焰旁。太渴时，会梦见在找寻水源。膀胱胀满时，会梦见找不到厕所。
2.日间活动残迹的作用：所谓“日有所思，夜有所梦”，人们还可在梦中继续白天未完成的智力活动。很多科学家的发明或发现是在梦境中突然领悟出来。
托福阅读背景知识：华尔街最青睐的职业
华尔街是全美乃至全球的经济中心，如何能够在华尔街站住脚呢?选择一个最受华尔街青睐的职业是最方便的了。下面，就跟新东方留学一起，进入今天的托福阅读材料吧!
Wall Street has undergone a radical face lift this year, but finance industry recruiters are expected to stick to roughly the same formula when looking to fill entry-level positions with college graduates in the future.
华尔街如今已经彻底改头换面了。不过，金融业招聘人士在寻找大学毕业生填补初级职位空缺的时候，预计仍将坚持与以往大致相同的甄选原则。
Wealth management, investment banking and research are expected to see a hiring surge in the coming years, according to Joseph Logan, founder and managing director of Pinnacle Group International, a New York executive recruiting firm specializing in the financial services industry.
Pinnacle Group International的创始人兼董事总经理约瑟夫 洛根(Joseph Logan)表示，财富管理、投资银行和研究领域有望在未来几年掀起招聘热潮。Pinnacle Group International是纽约一家专业服务于金融服务业的高管猎头公司。
'A strong background in accounting plus financial [knowledge in] evaluation is the key-and being well-rounded will help a lot,' says David Smith, an associate professor at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia who specializes in corporate finance and banking. Strong social skills and the ability to think creatively are important to round out more technical and quantitative talents.
“会计和财务估值方面的过硬背景是应聘成功的关键，知识全面也会大有帮助，”弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)麦金太尔商学院(McIntire School of Commerce)专门从事企业财务和银行业研究的副教授史密斯(David Smith)表示。出色的社交技能和创新思维能力对于那些偏重技术性和数理方面的人才来说是个重要的补充。
Mr. Smith, who helps prepare students for finance job interviews, advises the students who want to head to Wall Street to eschew finance fads like the current demand in restructuring or credit derivatives which were hot two years ago and focus on becoming fluent in accounting and financial evaluation fundamentals that are applicable to any specialty. As the economy recovers more traditional financial services functions, such as mergers and acquisitions advisory will make a comeback, according to Mr. Smith .
史密斯帮助学生们为金融职位面试做准备。他向那些希望在华尔街发展的学生们建议说，要避开金融业一时的潮流,比如眼下对两年前颇为流行的重组或者信用衍生品方面的人才需求，而将目光集中在像会计和财务估值基本知识这样适用于所有金融领域的研究。随着经济的复苏,那些更为传统的金融服务业务比如并购咨询行业将重新焕发活力,史密斯表示。
Hard skills such as 'budgeting, forecasting, financial models and, for example, transaction-oriented proficiencies' that point to a 'strong business acumen' will be weighed in the recruitment process said Terri L. Gregos, director of college relations at Bank of New York Mellon, a global financial services firm.
“能够表明应聘者拥有一个敏锐头脑的比如做预算、预测、金融模型和交易技巧”这样的专业技能将在招聘阶段得到考察，全球性的金融服务企业纽约银行(Bank of New York Mellon)大学关系部门的负责人格瑞高斯(Terri L. Gregos)表示。
Other factors that make up the traditional formula include a high grade point average, sound quantitative skills-a desirable trait among engineering and mathematics majors-internship experience at a finance firm, and the ability to communicate effectively.
传统用人标准中的其他条件还包括优秀的学业成绩、扎实的数理计算能力──这是工程学和数学专业毕业生所具备的一个吸引人的特点──金融公司的实习经验以及有效沟通能力。
What may be the biggest change on the hiring landscape is the cast of recruiters. Smaller boutique and advisory firms are likely to continue their growth spurt over the next few years to fill the space left behind by the contracting firms like Bank of America and Citigroup. The middle market investment bank Jefferies & Co., for example, is expanding at a rapid clip and Mr. Smith predicts it could become a big player in a few years. The bank has added almost 250 workers since the end of , according to the firm's third-quarter earnings report.
在招聘方面的最大改变可能要算是雇主了。小型投行和咨询公司有可能在未来几年延续它们的飞速增长势头，以弥补诸如美国银行(Bank of America)和花旗(Citigroup)这样的公司留下的空白。举例来说，中间市场投资银行Jefferies & Co.正在迅速扩张，史密斯预计这家公司将在未来几年变得举足轻重。该公司第三季度的财报显示，Jefferies & Co.从底开始已经增加了近250名员工。
Since most of the small firms lack the infrastructure to train new hires as intensely as their larger rivals, finance or business majors could be more attractive than an English or history concentration, says Barbara Hewitt, senior associate director of the career services center of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
由于大多数小公司缺少像大公司那样对新员工进行严格培训的组织结构，金融或商业专业的毕业生可能比英语或历史专业的毕业生更受青睐，宾夕法尼亚大学(University of Pennsylvania)沃顿商学院职业服务中心高级副主任休伊特(Barbara Hewitt)表示。
Students at liberal arts schools that don't offer intensive finance and accounting classes can develop a solid entry-level finance resume by enrolling in basic accounting and macro and micro economic courses. They can also bulk up on the more technical areas of finance by enrolling in summer classes at other institutions.
那些在不提供金融、会计高级课程的文科院校读书的学生们通过注册学习基础的会计和宏观、微观经济学课程也能拥有一份适合金融业初级职位的简历。他们还可以通过报名参加其他学校的夏季课程增强自己对更为专业的金融学知识的掌握。
Meanwhile, fields like risk management may be gaining traction on Wall Street today in the wake of the financial crisis. Ms. Hewitt says employers have also been posting more positions in risk management this year than before. And more than 23,000 of finance professionals have registered to take the financial risk management certification exam this year, a 70% increase compared to 2008, according to the Global Association of Risk Professionals, the organization that administers the exam.
与此同时，在金融危机爆发后，像风险管理这样的领域或许正在华尔街日渐走红。休伊特说，今年各大公司在风险管理方面的招聘职位也多过往年。今年超过2.3万名金融专业人士注册参加金融风险管理资格证书考试，这个数字和20相比增加了70%，组织这项考试的全球风险管理专业人士协会(Global Association of Risk Professionals)表示。
And while was a down year for wealth managers, many firms are now in growth mode in an attempt to regain assets that were lost during the recession. JPMorgan Chase & Co. plans to hire about 600 brokers for its retail brokerage unit Bear Stearns Private Client Services and will open three offices next year, according to statements by executives at the firm. Credit Suisse Group also announced plans to add approximately 200 wealth managers each year, boosting its number of relationship managers to 4,000 by the end of from the present 3,400.
尽管对于财富管理者们来说不是个好年头，但许多公司眼下仍正处在增长阶段。它们正在努力重新获得那些在经济衰退中失去的资产。摩根大通公司(JPMorgan Chase & Co.)计划为其零售经纪业务贝尔斯登私人客户服务(Bear Stearns Private Client Services)聘用大约600名经纪人，该公司明年还将开设三家办事处。瑞士信贷集团(Credit Suisse Group)也表示，计划每年增加约200名财富管理经理，这样一来，到年底，该公司客户经理的人数将从目前的3,400人增加到4,000人。
【托福作文185篇真题范文专项练习】
topic163：在今天阅读能力和写作能力哪个更重要？
topic163 is the ability to read and write more important today than in the past? why or why not? use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
［参考提纲］
163、同意读和写的能力要比以前更加重要
（1）不能读和写无法找到工作。在现在绝大多数工作都要会读会写
（2）不能读和写无法获得更多的信息。很多信息在报纸上，不能读写无法获得信息
（3）不能读和写无法交朋友。因为人都是受过教育的，不喜欢和不会写和读的人交流
［托福参看范文］
topic: 163
while some countries have strong programs against illiteracy, others still do not care that much. but, illiteracy has become a big obstacle during the last century and is still problematic question now with quick development of technology and automation. from my everyday experience and observation i can state several factors which defend the statement that reading and writing now is more important than ever before.
first of all, it is essential for a person to have at least basic knowledge of reading and writing to survive in our society. while in the past, some people could live in wilderness or even in cities without any knowledge of written language, now it is almost impossible. the way of living has change so much that it is impossible to be a part of nation, especially in developed countries, without ability to read and write your bills, to understand your mortgage documents or job applications. moreover, you can go nowhere by yourself but in your own small town without reading the maps and signs on the roads and in cities.
second, nowadays, most of jobs require reading and writing as necessary skills and tendency that these skills will be more and more important for future jobs increases. in fact, because of sharp development of technology, more of jobs on the labor market are for literate people and less of them are for people without any or slight reading or writing knowledge. for example, there are not needed so much people who can work on lands or select parts in auto-factories because the
machines do that kinds of jobs now. on the other hand, factories and corporations need people who can read the instructions and control the machines. it is bare true that without jobs that need only physical abilities, illiterate people are forced to be constantly on unemployment lists.
in conclusion, the most scare part of living illiterate in our society is maybe living dependable of someone. a illiterate person will have difficulties not only to do simple tasks such as writing bills, withdrawing money from cash machines, or reading menu in a restaurant, but also to be a productive and useful individual of our society with job and normal life.
topic: 163
it is a very dangerous thing to say that basic literacy skills are more important now than they have ever been in the past. while a strong argument can be made in favor of this idea, making such an argument would imply that reading and writing were somehow less important in the past. while there is a grain of truth to the argument that literacy was not fundamental to the daily existence of most people in the pre-industrial revolution period, rationalizing such a lack of need for education in such a way is the first step to withholding education from certain groups, a great social crime that has led to the disempowerment of disadvantage groups all over the world throughout history. however, if we can keep in mind that education is a basic human right, then we can discuss the strengths of the proposition that literacy is more important now than it has ever been before.
it is true that in the past the majority of people all over the world made their livelihood from agricultural activities and that the vast majority of these activities required little or no literacy skills. in some senses, we could argue that literacy skills were less important in the agricultural age than they are now, but to do so would be to forget that literacy also reflects an active mind and that people have always needed to engage in activities of the mind. for example, even though a farmer might have labored all day in her corn field, she may enjoy reading the latest jane austen novel when arrived at home. we can see in this example that while literacy was not directly related to this laborer's livelihood, literacy was important to her quality of life.
however, we could make a good argument that literacy is more important now that it was in the past. as we all know, the world is experiencing a revolution that may turn out to be more important than the industrial revolution. we are now entering the information age, an age in which information and knowledge have more value than the ability to build machines, create “stuff,” grow crops, or even mine precious metals and produce gemstones. nowadays, accurate information may be worth more than the most expensive rolls-royce or the biggest diamond. the perfect example of this increasing dominance is the explosive rise in the popularity of the
internet--the internet offers the world countless bytes of information twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. companies all over the world, but principally in the united states, are rushing to stake their claim in cyberspace and stiff competition among companies has resulted. in order to gain dominance, these companies must have the best-skilled workers, an advanced understanding of computer systems, and good intuition about what will happen in the future. all of these abilities to compete in the global marketplace stem directly from literacy skills and those without these skills will be stuck in the service, agricultural, and heavy industry fields.
in short, we can see that people in the past who were lacking in literacy skills essentially had more company than those lacking these skills have today and could still earn their livelihood. further, we could argue that because of the nature of the global marketplace and because of the emergence of the information age, we could make the argument that literacy is fundamental to professional success nowadays. however, literacy should be considered a basic human right in a literate society--all people throughout history should have learned to read and write.
topic: 163
for ages, reading and writing has been vital aids to the intellectual, emotional and spiritual growth of mankind. but with rapid changes in the society and scientific advancement of human race over the decades, the necessity and importance of reading and writing has increased remarkably.
several reasons account for the lesser importance of reading and writing in the past. firstly, education was restricted to certain sections of the society and not everyone benefited from its advantages. only the learned few enjoyed intellectual satisfaction. knowledge was not shared freely due to lack of proper means of communication, thus preventing many from realizing the benefits of education and learning. secondly, technology was not so advanced in the past. hence the general pace of life was slower than it is now and people did not feel the need to keep themselves abreast of affairs around them. in other words, the need did not arise for mass awareness and participation in efforts for intellectual enlightenment through reading and writing. nevertheless, writing was a more popular than reading since it was the most common means of communication - in the form of letters.
however, at present the scenario has changed considerably. innovation and change are integral parts of life. now advancement in technology marks the day. to cope up with the rapidly evolving new ideas and concepts, reading has become more important now than ever before. invention of high-tech gadgets and state-of-the-art information systems in areas of communication, transport and general business demands more awareness about contemporary events and changes with advancement in technology, man's eagerness to succeed has increased.
consequently the realization has dawned on him that such dreams can be materialized through intellectual advancement - a feat possible only through self reading and personal research. with the invention of computer has commenced an age of electronic communication and online commerce. although writing letters has decreased considerably with the advent of electronic mail, it will take some time to make our varied businesses paperless.
thus though reduced, people still do some writing, wither in forms of documents, memorandums, business contracts or research papers. education has made people more aware of his potential and reading and writing has become instrumental to man's success in today's competitive world.
topic: 163
i think that reading and writing is more important now than in the past. many factors influenced to make the written expression more useful and necessary at present than in the past.
the world is changing. information became essential, and the world is getting into a sort of communication age. a great part of this communication is written. the summary of the information, about the human knowledge, is written either in books or computer s files. since ancient times, men and women devoted their lives to survive and fight against nature's limitations and dangers.
they had to discover a solution for each new problem, and this is the way the civilizations began. they developed the languages to transmit knowledge, and as a need. consequently, they needed a way to communicate and file this pool of knowledge.
at first, to read and write was only a possibility to some whose activity required it, and it was restricted to privileged people who could afford it, or get it (because of the long distances, and the availability of teachers)
now all has changed. women were seen only as wives whose only work was at home, and as mothers whose life should be centered on the children's care. today, not only read and write is essential, but also some computer skills (at least basic), among others, are seen as basic education.
there are thousands of examples, just to name some if you can't read, you could not get informed, and you can t even search for work. you could walk at the front of the windows of potential employers (who are usually asking for “help”), without notice; newspaper s adds offering jobs wouldn't be any more than paper for you. you could get irradiated inadvertently (even the information about the caution signaling, is written!).
you wouldn't even be able to visit a city without getting lost, otherwise you d have to ask people how to get everywhere. a funny proverb goes as follows “word contracts doesn't even worth the paper in which they're written”, but you would never know what you are about to sign, except for what they say it says. and so on. all these situations were not so common in the past, villages were small, people trusted in other people's word, nobody traveled so much, and all knew their own town good enough. dangerous situations were easy to recognize, unlike radioactivity, for example.
to conclude, for all the above reasons, i am convinced that read and write, is very very much important now than in the past. otherwise i would not be here, it became so important that i have to learn how to read and write not only in my language but in a second language too. that's life (today)!
托福口语备考优先训练哪些能力技巧更重要?这4种能力请抓紧练
托福口语高效备考重点：猜题能力
如果是同种国籍之间，交流基本上是没有什么问题的，因为即使因为地方语言不通，但是文化相同，即使靠猜也能够猜得出对方的意思。但是在中国的教学当中，不能够“猜测”。可是在语言的学习当中，猜测很重要。因为可能你在交流的过程当中，有一个单词没有听懂，这个时候就需要对对方的含义进行猜测。不然的话，交流就会中断，没有办法进行完全的沟通交流。
托福口语高效备考重点：英语表述能力
很多考生对于口语部分都不是非常的重视，所以平时缺乏练习。在口语的反应时间比较短，所以在答案当中，表述太过于频带，而且还有很多中文的表达方式以及语法上的错误。包括代词部分，时态乱用以及词汇匮乏。
所以大家在平时准备的时候，最好每天翻译3个比较复杂的句子，中文翻译成英文。这样的练习，能够有效的帮助大家提高自己的语言能力，而且还能从中体会到中英文之间的差异，选择用比较地道的英文表述方法。另外，还需要多留意一些生活当中的感触，能够给大家的回答增加不少的内容。
托福口语高效备考重点：传译能力
很多同学认为，想要学好英语，那么从逻辑和观念上就要抛弃自己母语的思维方式。但是这种方法是错误的，传译是衡量口语的非常重要的标准。想要取得口语练习有效的效果，一定要理解美国人的思维方式以及对于中英文的不同，把握大方向的前提才能够取得有效的进步。
托福口语高效备考重点：词汇积累能力
新托福 中经常会出现学术类的专业词汇，向像生物类、医学类等的专业词汇。所以大家在记单词的时候就要对于一些专业类的词汇进行留意，即使不会拼写，也要做到“眼熟”、“耳熟”，不要让这些生涩的词汇影响了在口语考试里的表现。
托福独立口语热点话题名师批改实例讲解：interesting clothes in your country
本期托福独立口语高频话题
Describe one type of interesting clothes in your country and explain why it is interesting.
学生对此话题的表述答案
What comes to me at first are Chinese traditional school uniforms. They are very interesting and worth studying from my own opinion. These uniforms are all kinds of old-fashioned designs and has undergo slight changes in the past decades. For example, before college, whenever I went to a new school, I always received a similiar pair of pants and a jacket as my uniform. Despite the uncomfortableness to wear, students in China are always required to wear these uniforms when attending schools. I think this kind reflects the Chinese teaching methods that is teachers are always the most authoritative ones in class and students should always follow the rules and listen to their teachers. I think these clothes reflects something in the basic found amental education system.
资深讲师批改意见
语法方面出现的错误(Grammar)
1 Chinese traditional————traditional Chinese
2 all kinds of old fashion design————all have an old fashion design
3 undergo————underwent
表达部分存在的问题(Expression)
1 that is (delete)
2 these clothes reflects————these clothes reflect
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此高频话题高分口语模板分享
What comes to me at first are traditional Chinese school uniforms. They are very interesting and worth studying in my own opinion. These uniforms all have an old fashioned design and had undergone slight changes in the past decade. For example, before college, whenever I went to a new school, I always received the similiar pair of pants and a jacket as my uniform. Despite their uncomfortableness to wear, students in China are always required to wear these uniforms when attending schools. I think this kind reflects the Chinese teaching methods—teachers are always the most authoritative ones in class and students should always follow the rules and listen to their teachers. I think these clothes reflect something foundamental in the education system.
托福独立口语热点话题名师批改实例讲解：advertisements have too much influence
本期托福独立口语高频话题
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: advertisements have too much influence on consumers’ choices?
学生对此话题的表述答案
Well, I agree with the statement. We know that advertising is a way for company to attarct more consumers to buy their products. To some extent, some companies will just show good things of their products on advertising, but they didn't show bad things. Besides, I think the advertising spokeperson will influence consumers. For example, just for me, if i see my idol on the advertising, i will immediately to buy their product. So i couldn't agree with the statement that advertising will influence consumers.
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资深讲师批改意见
语法方面出现的错误(Grammar)
1 show good things of products————show the good things about
2 on the advertising————on the advertisement
表达部分存在的问题(Expression)
1 I will immediately to buy————I will immediately want to buy/ immediately buy
2 I couldn't agree with the statement————I couldn't agree more with the statement
#FormatImgID_1#
此高频话题高分口语模板分享
I agree that companies use advertisements to make people buy their products. Some companies only show the good things about their products,but they did not show the bad things. Another example is that the spokesperson will influence consumers to buy their products. For example, whenever i see my idol in an advertisement, i immediately want to buy the product. So i couldn't agree more that companies use advertisements to make people buy their products.
托福独立口语热点话题名师批改实例讲解：experience of asking for help
本期托福独立口语高频话题
Describe an experience when you asked help from others.
学生对此话题的表述答案
When I was involve d in a academic study program in school, I was asked to find a professor who could give us more information and resources. Unfortunately, the contact inform ation about professor I got went a bit wrong. So when I arrive at the place, I could not find him. At that time, I saw a lady in another office was smiling at me. So I just walked in and asked if she could help. In the end, she gave all the information and resources I needed and I didn't have to search everywhere in that building for the professor.
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资深讲师批改意见
语法方面出现的错误(Grammar)
1 a academic————an academic
2 give us————give me
3 about professor I got————I got about the professor
表达部分存在的问题(Expression)
1 went a bit wrong————was a bit wrong
2 so when…(too long) (delete)
3 when I arrive————when I arrived
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此高频话题高分口语模板分享
When I was involved in an academic study program in school, I was asked to find a professor who could give me more information and resources. Unfortunately, the contact information I got about the professor was a bit wrong. When I arrived at the place, I could not find him. At that time, I saw a lady in another office was smiling at me, so I walked in it and asked if she could help. In the end, she gave me the information and resources I needed and I didn't have to search everywhere in that building for the professor.
★ 面试态度更重要
★ 过程比结果更重要
★ 托福阅读省时技巧
