以下是小编为大家准备的翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题（共含10篇），仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“qw55201”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
20翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题
汉译英：
科技在中国发展中起到了“第一生产力”的作用，科技活力的迸发同样源于改革。Science and technology have served as the primary productive force in driving China's development. A robust scientific and technological sector would not be possible without reform.
Reform has also unleashed the vitality of science and technology, which have served as the primary driving force behind China’s robust development.
30多年来，我们不断深化科研机构改革，在加强基础研究的同时，让科技人员进入市场去拼搏、去创造自己的价值，让科技企业在市场竞争中发展壮大，激发了市场和创新的活力。
Over the past 30 years and more, we have deepened reform of science and technology institutions. While strengthening basic research, we have encouraged the scientific and technological personnel to compete in the market and create their own value. In this way, we have developed and grown scientific and technological companies through market competition, and boosted the vigor of the market and innovation.
We have been deepening the reform of research institutes over the past 30-odd years. While beefing up basic research, we have encouraged scientific staff to create value on the market and enabled technology enterprises to grow and expand amid market competition. As a result, we have reenergized the market and spurred innovation.
我们强力推进改革，就是要减少对创新活动的干预，让想创业、能创新的人都有机会、可作为，形成“大众创业、万众创新”的局面。
Through vigorous reform, we hope to reduce intervention in innovation, so that everyone with the willingness and ability to create and innovate will have the chance to succeed, leading to a situation of entrepreneurship and innovation by all.
We are vigorously advancing reforms to deregulate for innovation. We aim to spread opportunity to those entrepreneurial and innovative minds so that mass entrepreneurship and innovation will become the norm.
我们还将建立全覆盖的社会保障和救助制度，这样创业创新者即使失败，也有一张“安全网”能够兜住底，使创新失败者反思后能够进行新的创业。
We will also put in place social security and assistance systems covering the entire population so that all entrepreneurs and innovators will have a “safety net” to fall back on if and when they fail, and those who fail in innovation may reflect on themselves and start new entrepreneurial endeavors.
We will also put in place an all-inclusive social security and assistance system so that those who fail in their entrepreneurship and innovation endeavors still have something to fall back on and bounce back.
年上半年catti二级笔译测试题
实施农村电网改造升级工程，累计投入5500多亿元人民币，使农村用电状况发生了根本性变化。青藏联网工程建设成功，结束了西藏电网孤网运行的历史。推进无电地区电力建设，解决了3000多万无电人口的用电问题。在北方高寒地区建设了7000万千瓦热电联产项目，解决了4000多万城市人口的供暖问题。
The government has invested more than 550 billion yuan in power grid upgrading projects for rural areas, fundamentally improving access to electricity for rural residents. The Qinghai-Tibet electricity network project has been completed, connecting the power grid of the Tibetan plateau with those of the other parts of China. The state is accelerating the construction of electric power facilities in areas that as yet do not have electricity, and has so far ensured that more than 30 million people have access to electricity. Combined heat and power projects with a total installed capacity of 70 million kw have been built in high-altitude and frigid areas in northern China that provide more than 40 million urban residents access to heating.
作为世界第一大能源生产国，中国主要依靠自身力量发展能源，能源自给率始终保持在90%左右。中国能源的发展，不仅保障了国内经济社会发展，也对维护世界能源安全作出了重大贡献。今后一段时期，中国仍将处于工业化、城镇化加快发展阶段，能源需求会继续增长，能源供应保障任务更加艰巨。
As the world's largest energy producer, China mainly relies on its own strength to develop energy, and its rate of self-sufficiency has reached around 90 percent. China's energy development not only guarantees domestic economic and social development, but also makes significant contributions to global energy security. For some time to come, China's industrialization and urbanization will continue to accelerate, and the demand for energy will go on increasing, and so its energy supply will confront increasingly tougher challenges.
2020年上半年catti二级笔译测试题
As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.
皮艇港(Kayak Harbor)不断融化的冰山在嘶嘶作响，而这座偏远的北极小镇及其文化也随着气候变化日渐消失。
Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp factory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one.
几年前，气候变化导致虾蟹等渔业资源不断北迁至更寒冷的水域，作为纳萨克当地最大企业的虾厂被迫关门倒闭。渔业兴盛时期这里拥有八艘商业捕鱼船，而今只剩下一艘。
As a result, the population here, one of southern Greenland’s major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.
纳萨克是格陵兰岛的南部重镇，过去短短十年中这里的人口减半，降至目前的1500人，自杀率也不断上升。
“Fishing is the heart of this town,” said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.”
“捕鱼是这个小镇的主要产业，”今年63岁的渔民汉斯?卡斯佩森(Hans Kaspersen)说，“如今很多人失去了生计。”
But even as warming temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 — perhaps nowhere more so than here in Narsaq.
诚然，全球变暖正在颠覆格陵兰人传统的生活方式，但是也为这个只有5.7万人的自治领地提供了新良机，这在纳萨克体现得最为明显。
2020年CATTI 笔译二级精选词汇
1. 水龙头公司: faucet maker
2. 获得……认证：be certified with
3. 是： represent
4. outsell： 卖得比谁多
5. cater to sb: 满足
6. 农业大国：a large agricultural economy
7. 解决了1/5人口的吃饭问题： feed 1.3 billion people, roughly 1/5 of the world’s total
8. 在成为……的道路上： on the road/ course/ path/ route to become
9. 对……起着关键作用： hold the key to sth.…
10. 创造奇迹： work a wonder
11. 坚实的基础： a solid underpinner/ bedrock/ groundwork/ foreground
12. 经济快速发展： economic boom/transformation
1. 开展： embark on…; set sth. in motion
2. 退耕还林工程： grain-for-green/ farmland-to-forest programs
3. endeavor： 努力
4. 改善，改进, 好转： make a difference in…
5. 旨在……： designed to do
6. 优秀传统文化： extraordinary/ fine traditional culture
7. 世界文化激荡：global cultural dynamics
8. 文化软实力：soft power
9. stand apart from… by…: 在……独树一帜
10. as such: 因此
11. build a sound system: 建立一个良好的体系
12. 立足优秀传统文化，再创辉煌: build on the outstanding cultural heritage to scale new heights
1.“水龙头公司”的译文用拟人化的翻译是___。
A. faucet maker
B. faucet company
C. faucet firms
答案：A
2.“得而达成功获得ISO9001质量管理体系和ISO14001环境管理体系认证”中“获得……认证”译文正确的是___。
A. be certified with
B. be identified with
C. obtain proof of identity
答案：A
3. “在成为……的道路上”的译文不正确的是___。
A. on the path to become…
B. on the road to become…
C. on the routine to become…
答案：C
4.“农业对中国经济的快速发展起到了坚实的保障作用”译文更好的是___。
A. Agriculture has played an important role in China’s economic development.
B. Agriculture has been a solid underpinner/bedrock/groundwork/foreground for China’s economic boom/transformation.
C. Agriculture has played a solid guarantee for China's rapid economic development.
答案：B
洛杉矶历史最久医院入不敷出悄然关闭
The oldest hospital in Los Angeles and a major pillar in the city’s large Chinese community has shut its doors after 157 years.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
The Pacific Alliance Medical Center – better known in the city as French Hospital – closed down with little notice or ceremony, leaving its clientele of newly arrived Asian immigrants and elderly Chinese stunned and saddened.
According to The Los Angeles Times, the hospital has been losing money and cannot afford the $100 million in earthquake renovations required by California state law.
The hospital began treating patients in 1860 and was called the French Hospital because the majority of its patients were French.
As the 19th century moved into the 20th, newly-arrived Chinese immigrants settled in the neighborhood around the hospital and the area soon became known as Chinatown.
French Hospital grew into an indispensable part of Chinatown, serving generations of families. The cafeteria featured an Asian menu and the hospital sponsored youth sports teams and many community events.
Chinatown activists say seniors are going to be severely affected by the closing. Many were able to walk to the facility for simple medical care and free health classes.
洛杉矶历史最久医院入不敷出悄然关闭
美国洛杉矶一家建立157年的历史最久的医院关闭。这家医院也是当地华人社区的一个重要支柱。
这座在洛杉矶被人称为“法国医院”的太平洋联盟医疗中心悄然关闭，没有举行任何仪式。很多新到美国的亚洲移民和年迈的华人感到震惊和伤心。
《洛杉矶时报》说，这家医院一直亏损，拿不出修复地震损坏设施所需的1亿美元。加利福尼亚州法律要求必须修复这些设施方能继续使用。
太平洋联盟医疗中心1860年开始治疗病人，当时大部分病人是法国裔，因而被称为法国医院。
到了19世纪和20世纪，很多新到美国的华人移民在医院周围定居，这个地方很快被称为唐人街或中国城。
法国医院很快成为中国城不可分割的一部分，为好几代人提供服务。医院餐厅的菜单上有亚洲菜肴，医院还为社区的青年和少年体育队以及其它活动提供赞助和支持。
中国城的活动人士说，医院关闭将严重影响一些老年人。他们一直可以走路到医院接受简单诊治，并接受一些免费的医疗卫生常识培训。
达芬奇珍品以创纪录价格拍卖成交
A 500-year-old masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci that once sold for a mere $60 smashed the world’s record for an art auction Wednesday.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
“Salvator Mundi,” which depicts Christ raising his hand in a blessing, sold for $450 million at Christie’s Auction House in New York.
The buyer who was not identified, made his bid by telephone, sending the audience into a frenzy as the price climbed higher and higher.
The seller is Russian billionaire Dmitry Rybolovlev.
Only about 20 da Vinci works are known to exist and “Salvator Mundi” is the only one in private hands. The others are in museums or part of large public collections.
Art experts believe da Vinci painted “Salvator Mundi” in about 1500. It was once owned by England’s King Charles I. It disappeared, resurfaced, and, at one time, was bought for just $60 by a collector who mistook it for a copy.
It took more than 50 years for art experts to restore it and authenticate it as a genuine da Vinci, although others still doubt it is the real thing.
Until Wednesday, the highest price paid for a painting at auction was $179 million for Pablo Picasso’s “The Women of Algiers” in .
网络空间国际合作战略
International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace
序言
Preface
“网络空间是人类共同的活动空间，网络空间前途命运应由世界各国共同掌握。各国应该加强沟通、扩大共识、深化合作，共同构建网络空间命运共同体。”考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
Cyberspace is the common space of activities for mankind. The future of cyberspace should be in the hands of all countries. Countries should step up communications, broaden consensus and deepen cooperation to jointly build a community of shared future in cyberspace.
——中国国家主席习近平，12月16日
– Remarks by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China, 2015/12/16
当今世界，以互联网为代表的信息技术日新月异，引领了社会生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了国家治理新领域，极大提高了人类认识世界、改造世界的能力。
Today, the rapid advancement of information technology represented by the Internet has brought about new ways of social production, created new space for people’s life, opened new horizons of state governance and enhanced people’s ability to understand and shape the world.
作为人类社会的共同财富，互联网让世界变成了“地球村”。各国在网络空间互联互通，利益交融，休戚与共。维护网络空间和平与安全，促进开放与合作，共同构建网络空间命运共同体，符合国际社会的共同利益，也是国际社会的共同责任。
As the common asset of human society, the Internet has turned the world into a global village. In the interconnected cyberspace, countries are bound together by intertwined interests. It is in the shared interests and also the responsibility of the international community to safeguard peace and security, promote openness and cooperation and foster a community of shared future in cyberspace.
《网络空间国际合作战略》全面宣示中国在网络空间相关国际问题上的政策立场，系统阐释中国开展网络领域对外工作的基本原则、战略目标和行动要点，旨在指导中国今后一个时期参与网络空间国际交流与合作，推动国际社会携手努力，加强对话合作，共同构建和平、安全、开放、合作、有序的网络空间，建立多边、民主、透明的全球互联网治理体系。
International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace provides a comprehensive explanation of China’s policy and position on cyber-related international affairs as well as the basic principles, strategic goals and plan of action in its external relations on that front. It aims to guide China’s participation in international exchange and cooperation in cyberspace for the next period of time, and encourage the international community to come together to enhance dialogue and cooperation and build a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative and orderly cyberspace and a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system.
第一章 机遇与挑战
Chapter I. Opportunities and Challenges
在世界多极化、经济全球化、文化多样化深入发展，全球治理体系深刻变革的背景下，人类迎来了信息革命的新时代。以互联网为代表的信息通信技术日新月异，深刻改变了人们的生产和生活方式，日益激励市场创新、促进经济繁荣、推动社会发展。网络空间越来越成为信息传播的新渠道、生产生活的新空间、经济发展的新引擎、文化繁荣的新载体、社会治理的新平台、交流合作的新纽带、国家主权的新疆域。
With the accelerating trend toward a multi-polar, economically globalized and culturally diverse world and the profoundly changing global governance system, mankind has entered a new era of information revolution. The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) represented by the Internet has changed people’s way of production and life and boosted market innovation, economic prosperity and social development. Cyberspace is becoming a new channel for information dissemination, a new frontier of people’s work and life, a new engine for economic growth, a new carrier for cultural prosperity, a new platform of social governance, a new bridge for communication and cooperation and a new domain of state sovereignty.
网络空间给人类带来巨大机遇，同时也带来了不少新的课题和挑战，网络空间的安全与稳定成为攸关各国主权、安全和发展利益的全球关切。互联网领域发展不平衡、规则不健全、秩序不合理等问题日益凸显。国家和地区间的“数字鸿沟”不断拉大。关键信息基础设施存在较大风险隐患。全球互联网基础资源管理体系难以反映大多数国家意愿和利益。网络恐怖主义成为全球公害，网络犯罪呈蔓延之势。滥用信息通信技术干涉别国内政、从事大规模网络监控等活动时有发生。网络空间缺乏普遍有效规范各方行为的国际规则，自身发展受到制约。
While creating tremendous opportunities, cyberspace also faces a number of new issues and challenges. Security and stability in cyberspace has become a global concern which bears on the sovereignty, security and development interests of all countries. Problems such as unbalanced development, inadequate rules and inequitable order in cyberspace have become more evident. The digital divide among countries and regions is widening. Critical information infrastructure faces considerable vulnerability and potential risk. The existing global governance system of basic Internet resources hardly reflects the desires and interests of the majority of countries. Cyber terrorism has become a global public menace. Cyber crimes are spreading. Interference in other countries’ internal affairs by abusing ICT and massive cyber surveillance activities happen from time to time. The absence of general international rules in cyberspace that effectively govern the behavior of all parties hampers the development of cyberspace.
面对问题和挑战，任何国家都难以独善其身，国际社会应本着相互尊重、互谅互让的精神，开展对话与合作，以规则为基础实现网络空间全球治理。
No countries can stay immune from such problems and challenges. The international community can only work together through intensified cooperation in the spirit of mutual respect and mutual understanding and accommodation so as to put in place a rule-based global governance system in cyberspace.
纽约调查在社交媒体平台出售僵尸粉公司
New York State Attorney General Eric Schneiderman has launched an investigation of a firm that allegedly sold millions of fake followers to social media users.。考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
The company, Devumi, sold more than 200 million fake followers, or bots, to celebrities, sports stars, and politicians, The New York Times reported.
“Impersonation and deception are illegal under New York law,” Schneiderman tweeted. “We are opening an investigation into Devumi and its apparent sale of bots using stolen identities.”
The Times reported that at least 55,000 of the bot accounts names, pictures, hometowns and other details taken from people on Twitter. The information was stolen from people in every U.S. state as well as dozens of countries, The Times said.
“The growing prevalence of bots means that real voices are too often drowned out in public conversation,” Schneiderman said. “Those who can pay the most for followers can buy their way to apparent influence.”
On social media, high follower numbers means greater influence and visibility, which can impact public opinion and offer lucrative financial deals for the account holders.
On its website, Devumi offers customers the chance to buy up to 500,000 followers for social media sites including Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, Pinterest and Vimeo, with prices starting at as little as $12.
纽约州总检察长史树德(Eric Schneiderman)开始调查一家据称向社交媒体用户出售了两亿多僵尸粉的公司。
《纽约时报》报道，Devumi公司向名人、体育明星和政界人士出售了两亿多僵尸粉。
纽约总检察长史树德说：“根据纽约州法律，假冒和欺诈是违法行为。我们开始调查Devumi公司。看来这家公司用盗窃的用户信息出售了僵尸粉。”
《纽约时报》报道，至少有5万5000人的推特信息被猎取，包括用户名、照片、居住地点以及其它一些详细信息。《纽约时报》说，被盗窃信息的用户来自美国50个州和几十个国家。
史树德说：“日益增多的僵尸粉意味着公共对话中的真正声音被淹没。那些能出大价钱购买僵尸粉的人能够用钱换取影响力。”
在社交媒体上，拥有大量粉丝意味着更大的影响和曝光度，能影响公众舆论，还经常能给这些高粉丝用户带来回报丰厚的签约。
Devumi公司在其网站上可让客户购买各社交媒体平台的最多50万僵尸粉，包括推特(Twitter)、Youtube、领英(LinkedIn)、缤趣(Pinterest)、和Vimeo，价格从12美元起。
Ideas on Feminism Vary Depending on Culture Location
From Nairobi to Conakry, women across Africa are demanding change in attitudes towards sexual harassment, fair wages, access to land and equal opportunities for political leadership.
But they’re doing it in their own way says Gwendolyn Michael, professor of anthropology and Foreign Service at Georgetown University and author of a book on African feminism.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
“In the U.S. women often think feminism means I alone, determine what’s best for me. But African feminism is very much a different thing. It’s about how women interpret their interests and empowerment within the context of where they live and their cultural values.”
Feminism has historically had negative connotations on the African continent, says Xingu Rama Terra who teaches African feminist theory at Rhodes University in South Africa.
“Feminism one is considered to be a title that is given to middle class people or people who are white. There’s also an attachment to feminism that feminism is anti-men and anti-African cultural systems and anti-African traditional practices so in that regard there are many women who would hesitate to be identified as feminists.”
Advocating for women’s right on the basis of equality of the sexes can be intimidating for some men but American University professor Kwaku Nwamah says, “it shouldn’t be the case it starts with not being afraid of the word feminist and understanding that what’s right for our women is right for us as a society, as a continent in general.”
He says some of the problems require a shift in cultural attitudes and those take a long time, but some countries on waiting. Rwanda for example has the largest share of seats in parliament in the world held by women.
“One nice terrific example of what public policy can do to help women. They use quarters and people say what quarters diminish the role of women. No it doesn’t. Then on the end of the spectrum you see countries like Tanzania where the government says you can go to school if you pregnant.”
Dr. Michael says things are evolving on the continent.“I’d say beginning about 20 years ago I began doing a lot of, having a lot of conversations with ordinary women who had been supporting various movements, for example in South African, ANC women and what was fascinating is that these women used to say I can’t talk about feminism until we deal with getting rid of apartheid. Now what we’re seeing is that these women are parliamentarians all across the country. They are trying to get land laws changed.”
People like Kenya’s environmental political activist Juan Gauri Mathai and South Africa’s anti-apartheid activist Winnie Mandela are seen as great feminist inspirations for material.
But is being a feminist critical in the empowerment of women in General. “The simple answer for that should be would be no because many women across the decades have done work that is feminist what we would consider to be Feminists.”
She says the lack of the feminism label in some cases doesn’t negate the credibility of their work.
不同的文化背景对女性主义的认识也不尽相同
从内罗毕到科纳克里，非洲各地的妇女都在要求改变对性骚扰的态度、公平的工资、获得土地的权利以及政治领导的平等机会。
但乔治敦大学人类学和外交服务教授，同时也是一本关于非洲女权主义的书的作者格温多林·迈克尔说，他们正在用自己的方式做这件事。
“在美国，女性通常认为女权主义意味着我一个人，决定什么对我最好。但是非洲的女权主义是完全不同的。它是关于女性如何在她们生活的地方和文化价值观的背景下诠释她们的兴趣和赋权。”
从历史上看，女权主义在非洲大陆具有负面含义。在南非罗兹大学教授非洲女权主义理论的辛古·拉马·特拉(Xingu Rama Terra)说。
“女权主义有人被认为是中产阶级或白人的称号。还有一种对女权主义的依恋，女权主义是反男性的，反非洲的文化体系，反非洲的传统习俗，所以在这方面，很多女性不愿意被认为是女权主义者。”
在性别平等的基础上倡导女性权利对一些男性来说可能是令人生畏的，但美国大学教授夸库·努瓦玛(Kwaku Nwamah)说，“不应该是这样的，开始于不害怕女权主义这个词并且理解什么对我们的女性是正确的，对我们整个社会，整个大陆也是正确的。”
他说，有些问题需要文化态度的转变，这需要很长时间，但有些国家还在等待。例如，卢旺达妇女在议会中所占的席位是世界上最多的。
“这是公共政策可以帮助女性的一个很好的例子。他们使用四分之一，人们说什么四分之一削弱了女性的作用。并没有。在范围的末端，你会看到像坦桑尼亚这样的国家，政府说如果你怀孕了，你可以去上学。”
迈克尔(Michael)博士说，非洲大陆正在发生变化。“我想说，从大约二十年前开始，我开始做很多事情，和支持各种运动的普通女性交谈，例如在南非，非洲国民大会的女性，最吸引人的是，这些女性过去常说，除非我们解决种族隔离问题，否则我不能谈论女权主义。现在我们看到的是，这些妇女是全国各地的国会议员。他们正试图修改土地法。”
肯尼亚环境政治活动家胡安·高里·马塔伊(Juan Gauri Mathai)和南非反种族隔离活动家温妮·曼德拉(Winnie Mandela)等人被视为伟大的女权主义素材灵感来源。
而是作为一个女权主义者，对女性赋权提出了批评。“简单的答案应该是否定的，因为几十年来，很多女性都做过女权主义的工作，我们认为她们是女权主义者。”
她说，在某些情况下，缺乏女权主义的标签并不会否定他们工作的可信度。
Most Chinese Employees Overworked: Survey More than 80 percent of Chinese employees are overworked and under mental and physical stress at an average or higher level, according to a survey by a team at Wuhan University of Science and Technology.
Zhang Zhiyong, director of the Institute of Labor Economics at the university, and his team recently released the survey on workplace behavior and fatigue.
About 12.9% of employees work more than 10 hours of overtime a week, and often work 47.56 hours a week, higher than the national standard working hours of 40 hours a week, according to the data.
About 53% of employees say they often work late at night while 71.9 % have to comply to irregular working time.
A salesman surnamed Jin, who works at a safety technology company, said he often works between 8 and 16 hours a day and business trips are common.
Zheng Yan, a primary school teacher in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region said she teaches four classes and has to correct all kinds of homework, leaving her almost no chance to take a break at school.
Pressure from her boss and parents often leads to a loss of temper or inactivity back home, she said.
With the popularization of mobile Internet, the workplace is no longer at the office, which increasingly blurs the boundary between work and life.
The survey also shows that nearly four-fifths of employees exercise less than five hours a week, and more than half exercise less than one hour a day on average.
The grim employment situation discouraged my plan to quit my job, Zheng said.
超八成劳动者处于过劳状态，你有同感吗?
据武汉科技大学一团队进行的调查显示，我国逾8成劳动者承受着一般或更高的精神压力和身体压力，身体处于过劳状态。
近日，武汉科技大学劳动经济研究所所长张智勇及其团队发布了关于职场行为与疲劳状况的调查报告。
调查显示，约12.9%的人平均周加班时间超过10小时，劳动者每周工作47.56小时，超过国家规定的每周40小时的标准工作时间。
53%的劳动者称他们经常工作到深夜，71.9%的劳动者得适应工作时间不规律的情况。
在北京某安全科技公司做销售工作的靳先生称，他每天工作8至16小时不等，出差是家常便饭。
内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市某小学教师郑艳称，她教四个班的学生，每天要批改各种作业，在学校的时候几乎没有时间休息。
她说，来自校长和家长的压力让她变得脾气暴躁、回家不想动。
随着移动网络的普及，工作场所不再局限于办公室，这极大地模糊了工作和生活的界限。
调查还显示，近五分之四的劳动者每周锻炼时间低于5个小时，超过一半的劳动者平均每天的锻炼时间不足1个小时。
郑艳说，严峻的就业形势也让她打消了跳槽的念头。
残雪断想
岑桑
残雪不甘沦落，东一堆，西一堆，在那坑坑洼洼的地方，还积得老深，散发出令人战栗的寒气。
所以，你还不相信隆冬已尽，春天已经来临了吗?
那时候，朔风凛冽，周天寒彻，我们这个世界埋在坚冰底下，气息奄奄。人间是喑哑的，欢乐和树林一起凋零了。希望蜷伏在冻土的深处冬眠;生活的光彩都已褪尽，歌声都已隐没，只有叹息，只有风声和寒鸦的啼叫。人们心都碎了，神经都麻木了。绿色的信念随着枯枝败叶慢慢地枯萎，如果说世界还有鲜丽的色彩留存，指的也许就是雪原之上的斑斑血迹了。
那简直是一个漫长的冰川时期呵!
长夜里，人们习惯于在苦寒和无望中生活，以致到了冰消春暖的时光，对于时序的迁流，竟还有人木然不敢置信。
莫非正是因为这样，你才不相信春光就在眼前?
残雪不甘逝去，这里一摊，那里一摊;在那背着阳光的角落.还积得很厚，发出咄咄逼人的余威。
所以，你还不承认隆冬已尽，春天已经来临了吗?
那时候，千里冰封，万里雪飘，我们这个世界委实凝结得太久太久了。人们屈处于冰雪的淫威之下，痛苦地期待着、期待着。对于春天的渴望，使他们焦灼得快要撕裂自己的胸膛。
啊，什么时候，才有彩蝶蹁跹，才见群莺飞舞?什么时候呵，才让繁花竞放，树木葱茏，蜂房酿满蜜汁，人心注满情谊……
美丽的期待，在人们心怀里跳荡不安;因为生活荒凉已久，谁也难以继续忍受了。人们祈求一夜之间冰化雪消，花繁叶茂;而坚冰毕竟太厚，最初的春色毕竟还不够浓艳。现实并无点化而成的奇迹，得以满足人们可以理解的迫切心愿，以致到了飞燕衔泥的时光，竟还有人感觉不到如今已是换了人间。
莫非正是由于这样，你才不承认春光就在眼前?
残雪以它白皑皑的回光，刺痛我们的眼睛;然而它正在崩溃，再也堆不起几个雪罗汉了。
残雪以它冷冰冰的神态，傲然盘踞在依旧可容立足的东边一角、西边一隅;然而它正在没落，再也不能无休无止地扼杀大地的生机了。
残雪呵，你是丑恶势力绝不甘心退隐的明证;也是它摆脱不掉败亡命运的象征。你是属于冬天的，有着冷酷而凌厉的秉性;然而你以自身残缺的形象，反证了春的胜利，我们因之得以透过你的寒光，探寻到切切实实的春意。
隆冬溃退了，残雪是为它殿后的。
时间无情，却也深情，它让该死的死，该生的生;让该诅咒的归于毁灭，该赞美的郁郁葱葱。
春天从天外轻盈地飞了回来，化作柔风和云雀。
春天从地里悄悄地冒了出来，化作草叶和芽苗。
春天从山间喧闹地奔了过来，化作溪流、河川和波光潋滟的湖泊。
春天化作一千一万种生命的形式;还化作歌声，还化作微笑，还化作温暖和美丽的色彩……
久违了，春天，你这生机萌发的美妙时节!今天我们贴起挥春，挂起灯笼，架起高矗的彩楼，点起不眠的灯火;孩子们还烧起他们的爆竹和烟花，姑娘们还戴起她们的蝴蝶结，穿起她们的花衣裳，高高兴兴，衷心把你欢迎。
哈哈，春天，唱不尽的大好时光!比起我们对你如此激动的情怀，这一切加起来又算得上什么?
我想最好还是用我们刚刚苏醒过来的希望，来把你欢迎吧!
我想最好还是用我们刚刚升腾而起的志气，来把你欢迎吧!
我们要用自己的志气，把希望点燃，煽得它通明透亮，煽得它烈焰飞扬，把那希望的火炬高高举起，插上泰山之顶，树在昆仑之巅。
残雪啊残雪，当希望之火越烧越旺，我们将怀着宽慰的心情，看见你呵，你这隆冬的余孽终于彻彻底底溶人泥泞，坠于沟壑，化作摊摊污水。
就在那样的时刻，我们那绿色的梦幻，将会在现实中明确无误地呈现出来，一天浓似一天，一层浓似一层……
The Melting Snow
Cen Sang
Unwilling to be driven from the streets, the heavy snow piles sit here and there in the bumpy places, looking stubborn and rough. It is piled so deep and gives off a chilling air that makes people tremble.
Don’t you believe that the cold winter has ended and spring has come?
At that time, as the biting north wind blew, nature appeared to be frozen solid. Buried under the hard crust of snow, the world gasped in exhaustion. The world has dumb and the pleasure of the rich forests had faded. Hope had curled up and hidden away in the depths of the frozen earth to pass its winter in hibernation. The pleasure of life had withered and the songs had died down too, leaving only the sighs, howling wind the cry of jackdaws. Men became heart-broken and their senses dulled. The hope of green life gradually withered away with the dry twigs and brittle leaves. The only fresh colour in the world were the blood stains on the snow-covered field.
It was simply like that the ice age had returned!
During the long nights, people were used to a hopeless and miserable life. When the warmth of spring finally arrived and snow melted, some people were too numb to believe in the passing of time.
Is it because of winter that you do not believe in spring?
In piles here and there, the snow was stubborn to melt away. And in the corners where the sun spent little or no time, the snow remained thick and threatening.
So, why don’t you believe that the cold winter has passed and spring has arrived?
Then it was a time of a hundred leagues locked in ice and ten thousand leagues of whirling snow. The world was in fact still frozen and silenced by the force of the ice and snow. Man was forced to wait in pain. The eagerness for the coming of spring made them anxious to the point of tearing their chests open.
Oh, when would the colourful butterflies be whirling about again? When would the orioles be flying around? When would the flowers blossom, the trees turn green, the bee hives overflow wither sweet honey, and the human heart be full of the ties of friendship?...
Beautiful expectations are dancing in our hearts, for life has been so desolate for so long and nobody can bear it any longer. We sincerely hope that the snow melt overnight, and the flowers and leaves flourish. But the warmth of spring is not yet enough to melt the hard, thick ice. No wonder that even after the swallows are darting about, there are still some people who are not yet convinced that the world is changing. And there are those men who are only satisfied in their eagerness to understand this feeling through touch.
Is it just because of this that you don’t believe spring is before your eyes?
The sun’s reflection of the melting snow is blinding our eyes. However, it is slowly melthing and no longer can you build a snowman with it.
With a chilly gesture, the melting snow still settles in this corner and that corner, trying its best to keep a foothold to life. However, the melting weather is too warm for the snow, so it finally surrendered to spring.
The remainder of snow, you are a proof of the ugly force that desperately attempts to force itself upon the earth when it should retreat. You are also a symbol of the impossible escape from its doomed fate. You belong to winter with your cold-blooded and untamed character. However, you are also a proof in the triumph of spring with your dissolving appearance. We can see the real spring atmosphere through your chilly, bleak light.
The cold winter has retreated, and the melting snow is its real guard.
Time is ruthless yet full of feeling. Those which must die, die; and those which should live, live. It curses those which should be cursed and turns green those which be praised.
Spring drifts in lightly from beyond the sky in the form of gentle breeze and skylarks.
Spring silently oozes from under the earth in the form of grass, leaves and fresh shoots.
Spring rushes up from mountain valleys, in the form of streams, riverbeds and lakes with shining ripples.
Spring changes into countless life forms, into songs, smiles and warm and beautiful colours…
We have been longing for you, spring. You are that wonderful season when life beings. Today, we put on spring couplets, hang up lanterns and colourful decorations over gateways, light the ever-burning lamps to usher you in! The children light their firecrackers and fireworks, and girls put on their butterfly hair ties and wear their colourful dresses to cheerfully usher you in with complete happiness.
Oh, spring, you are the best season and are beyond words to describe. You are so wonderful that even when our exciting affection towards you is put together, it still amounts to so little.
It’s better to greet you with our hope which has just been recovered!
It’s better to greet you with our will which has just sprung up!
We should light hope with will and let it shine bright as the flames dance in the wind. Let us hold high the torch of hope, put it at the top of both the Taishan Mountain and the Kunlun Mountain.
Melting snow, as the fire of hope burns brighter and brighter, we watch you with a consoling heart. You are the residue of a cold winter that eventually melts and sinks deep into the earth and fills the ditches and pools with dirty water.
It is at this moment that our dream of green manifests itself into reality and grows stronger and stronger with each passing day.
Schumpeter: Team Spirit
Businesses are embracing the idea of working in teams. Managing them is hard
Teams have become the basic building-blocks of organisations. Recruitment ads routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team-building. Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends”, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.
Companies are abandoning functional silos and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy.
The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation puts a premium on agility. John Chambers, chairman of Cisco, an electronics firm, says that “we compete against market transitions, not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two.” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “millennials” who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were reared from nursery school onwards to work in groups.
The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, “Team of Teams”, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army’s hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentralise authority to self-organising teams.
A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, “Teams are not always the answer – teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.” The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary… But don’t count on it.”
Hackman (who died in ) noted that teams are hampered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Groupthink may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team’s membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.
Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America’s National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew’s first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.
熊彼特：团队精神(节选)
各公司都信奉以团队形式工作的理念。管理团队实属不易
团队是建立组织的基石。招聘广告通常都招募“具有团队精神的人”。商学院给学生的评分部分取决于他们在团队项目中的表现。办公室经理拆除隔墙，鼓励团队合作。当然，团队的历史同文明一样悠久：就连耶稣也有十二门徒。然而德勤一份名为《全球人力资本趋势》的新报告调查了130多个国家中的七千多名管理者，结果表明团队合作的风潮已经到达了一个新高度。几乎一半被访者称他们的公司不是正在重组就是打算重组;而大多数情况下，重组意味着更注重团队。
各公司正在摒弃功能性“竖井”，转而组织员工构建专注于特定产品、问题或客户的跨职能团队。这些团队正获得越来越大的权力处理自身事务。它们也在花费更多时间彼此合作而不是向上级汇报。德勤认为一种新的组织形式正在兴起：团队网络正在取代传统的等级制度。
旧的组织形式给人的感觉是无论对于现代市场还是员工的期待来说都太过死板，正是这种感觉推动了团队工作的风潮。科技创新重视敏捷性。电子公司思科的主席约翰·钱伯斯说，“我们是在和市场转型竞争，而不是与对手竞争。产品转型以往需要五到七年;现在只需要一两年。”数字技术也让人们更容易协调活动，无需求助于等级制度。很快将占到富裕国家一半劳动力的“千禧一代”从托儿所起就以分组工作被培养长大。
团队的风潮也从一般的典型企业(如GE和IBM)蔓延至一些更特殊的公司。医院运营商克利夫兰诊所已经按照具体的治疗领域，重新将其医疗员工编制成团队;顾问、护士和其他人紧密协作，而不是按专长和职位高低分开。美国陆军也采用了同样的方式。在《团队中的团队》一书中，作者斯坦利·麦克里斯特尔将军描述了军队的等级制度在伊拉克战争初期如何阻碍了美军的行动。他的解决方法是向与之对抗的叛乱分子学习：将权力下放到自组织的团队。
一条好的经验法则是，一旦将军们和医院管理者加入管理的风潮，就该是发问的时候了。伊利诺伊州凯洛格商学院的利·汤普森警告说，“团队不能解决所有问题——团队或许可以提供一个人独立工作时无法提供的洞见、创造力和知识，但是团队工作也可能导致混乱、延误、决策不佳。”哈佛已故的理查德·哈克曼曾经表示，“我完全相信，如果你有个团队，它或许能创造奇迹，做出非同寻常的成就……但是别指望这个团队。”
哈克曼(去世)指出团队受到协调和推动力等问题的牵制，损害了协同合作的优势。被迫在团队里工作的成功人士可能被低估，而搭顺风车的人却被赋予权力。趋同思维或许无法避免。在对120个高级管理人员团队的研究中，他发现理应属于同一团队的队员中，只有不到10%的人对于谁真正属于这个团队没有异议。如果确定一个团队的成员如此困难，达成团队目标则只会更难。
劳动力的深刻变化让团队更难管理。当成员有强大的共同文化时，团队表现得最好。不过这一点很难达到，因为现在很多大公司里，很大一部分员工是临时合同工。假以时日，团队合作会有所改善：美国国家运输安全委员会发现，它的民航数据库中有73%的事故发生在机组一起飞行的首日。不过，正如哈佛的艾米·埃德蒙森指出的，各组织越来越多地将“团队”用作动词而非名词：它们为了特殊的目的组建团队，然后又很快解散团队。
China’s Xinhua News Agency Debuts World’s First AI Anchors
China’s state-run news agency Xinhua debuted its first artificial intelligence (AI) news anchors at the ongoing fifth World Internet Conference that kicked off in Wuzhen, east China’s Zhejiang Province, on Wednesday.
The groundbreaking AI news anchors, one speaking Chinese and the other English, are the world’s first news anchors based on the latest AI technology.
Jointly developed by Xinhua and Chinese search engine Sogou, the AI anchors can work 24 hours a day reporting breaking news to audiences around the world.
In the video clips released by Xinhua, the AI news anchors resemble real people, as they were modeled on the news anchors working in the agency. They can deliver the news just like human anchors as their machine learning program can extract and synthesize the voice, lip movements and facial expressions of real anchors, according to Xinhua.
As editors input the news, the AI anchors tirelessly, quickly and accurately report it throughout the day.
According to Xinhua, the AI anchors have already joined the daily news reporting team and worked 24 hours a day reporting news on the agency’s social media platforms, including the news app, official WeChat and Weibo accounts as well as the TV webpage, bringing audiences “a brand new news experience.”
Xinhua said that the AI anchors have immeasurable prospects for the future news reporting as they could reduce production costs and improve efficiency and accuracy.
In recent years, AI is developing rapidly in China, especially in the burgeoning Internet field. From Internet giants to startups, many have achieved momentum in the study and research of AI technology, bringing dramatic changes to people’s daily lives.
The fifth edition of the annual World Internet Conference kicked off on Wednesday in east China’s historic water town of Wuzhen. First spearheaded by China in 2014, the event has always aimed to build “a community with a shared future in cyberspace,” and this year’s theme is “creating a digital world of mutual trust and collective governance.”
新华社首次推出全球首个人工智能主播
中国官方媒体新华社周三在中国东部浙江省乌镇举行的第五届世界互联网大会上首次启用人工智能新闻主播。
开创性的人工智能新闻主播，一个说中文，另一个说英语，是世界上第一个基于最新人工智能技术的新闻主持人。
由新华社和中国搜索引擎搜狗联合开发的人工智能主播可以24小时向全世界的观众播报突发新闻。
在新华社发布的视频片段中，人工智能新闻主播模仿新华社的新闻主播，酷似真人。据新华社报道，它们可以像真人主播一样播报新闻，因为它们的机器学习程序可以提取和合成真人主播的声音、嘴唇动作和面部表情。
当编辑输入新闻时，人工智能可以不知疲倦地、快速而准确地全天播报新闻。
据新华社报道，人工智能主播已经加入每日新闻报道团队，在新华社的社交媒体平台上每天24小时工作，这些平台包括，新华社手机app、其官方微信和微博以及电视网页端，给观众带来“全新的新闻体验”。
新华社说，人工智能主播对于未来的新闻报道的前景不可估量，因为它们可以降低制作成本，提高效率和准确性。
近年来，人工智能在中国发展迅速，特别是在蓬勃发展的互联网领域。从互联网巨头到初创公司，许多公司在人工智能技术的学习和研究方面取得了进展，这给人们的日常生活带来了巨大的变化。
第五届世界互联网大会于周三在中国东部历史悠久的水乡乌镇拉开帷幕。中国在2014年率先发起的这一活动，一直旨在建设“网络空间中共享未来的社区”，今年的主题是“创造互信共治的数字世界——携手共建网络空间命运共同体”。
★ 翻译资格考试
★ 翻译资格考试经验
