下面是小编为大家整理的小托福阅读分数如何计算（共含7篇），欢迎阅读与收藏。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“Conny”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
小托福阅读分数如何计算
小托福分数如何计算：初中托福考试分数总分是多少?
小托满分900，最低分600，分为听、读、语法三部分，各300分。
该考试主要由三大部分组成：听力、语言形式和含义、阅读，每部分均42道选择题;听力35分钟，语言形式和含义25分钟，阅读50分钟，共110分钟。共150道题，考试时间为90分钟。
小托福(初中托福)考试分数科目分数范围如下：
| 科目 | 分数范围 |
| 听力 | 200—300 |
| 语言形式和含义 | 200—300 |
| 阅读理解 | 200—300 |
| 总计 | 600—900 |
听力测验，75题，满分32分，测验时间为45分钟。形式为一边看图，一边听录音，然后选择答案;
语法、单词及阅读有75题，满分35分，测验时间为45分钟，形式为各种阅读理解(图表/对话)类型。
满分为67分，获得42分以上成绩的学生才能进入美国初中，高中接受正规课程。成绩达到50分或以上者，无需参加ESL英语课程(ESL)。成绩在42～50分之间者，须参加英语强化课程，并根据分数，评估参考者需参加哪个级别的英语课程。
小托福考多少分算高呢?一般来说，805--990优秀;655--804高级;555--654中高级;405--554高级起步者;305--404中级起步者;205--304初级起步者;10--204低级起步者。
托福阅读长难句：建筑学结构
In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)
大家先自己理解，多想想，先别看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。
(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )
老邪分析：一个句子重点在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干为句子中红色部分，括号里均是修饰成分。
修饰一：(In order for the structure)，介词短语
修饰二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非谓语做形容词性修饰structure
修饰三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入语，插入语记得先跳过去，断句别出问题，that和have changed是在一起的。
(老师，啥叫插入语?嗯，好问题，改天我专门讲讲这些概念。上过课并认真听的同学，你懂的。)
修饰四：(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.从句修饰support
修饰五：(even while building materials have changed dramatically. )，从句
括号外面的是主干：architectureemploys methods of support，注意support这里是名词。
已经拆成这么短了，你再试试看，应该能看懂了吧?其实在理解句子的时候比较容易犯错在于断句和语序，语序和中文有差异，下次我讲修饰成分的时候一并讲。
参考翻译：为了使结构达到必要的大小和强度去满足它的目的，建筑学上使用了一些支撑的方法，因为这些方法都是基于物理定律，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大变化，这些方法却自人们发现它们以来就没有什么变化。
看明白之后，别只看一遍，给我看几十遍!!没事就拿出来欣赏欣赏，直到你想吐为止。
读书百遍，其义自现，阅读最强的就是阅读。嗯，特别好!
托福阅读长难句：舞蹈动作
世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。
大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语。
今天我们来看这样一个句子：
Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)
voluminous/v?'l?m?n?s/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 宽松的, 肥大的;
drapery/'drep?ri/n.布料
wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔术师用的)魔杖
costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服装, 服装式样
Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).
分析：
修饰一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，从句，修饰dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)这里还有一个从句哦。
中文：专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色
修饰二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，从句，修饰前面skirts or draperies，其实是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…
中文：她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动
修饰三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非谓语动词，修饰arms。主要这里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修饰wands
中文：有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长
主干：括号外面的，Fullerdevised a type of dance
参考翻译：Fuller设计了一种(专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动，有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
托福阅读长难句：舞蹈艺术
世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。
阅读速度大部分来于短时间内理解长难句的能力。
大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语，上过课的同学懂得。
大家别急，把一句一句弄明白，弄懂一个句子胜过模糊看懂十个句子。希望大家认真看我的分析。
今天我们来看这样一个句子：
Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (57, OG)
appeal v.恳求，呼吁;(对某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感兴趣;上诉
for one’s sake为了…的缘故
synthesize/?s?nθ??sa?z/v. 合成，综合
这里是分界线，先自己分析哦。
Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)
老邪分析：
修饰一：(of French poets and painters)，介词短语，修饰the attention。大家注意英文喜欢把修饰成分放在后面，这个很重要。
中文：法国诗人和花季。
修饰二：(of the period) ，介词短语，修饰French poets and painters，也是放在后面哦。
修饰三：(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit)，同位语，用来解释说明前面的belief，这个同位语语放在这里分割了原句，大家断句的时候要注意。
中文：一个19世纪的思想：艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值。
修饰四：(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.)，从句，表示原因，大家注意我把同位语去掉了(因为不重要)，这样更能看清重要内容。这里有一个并列结构，是一个A, B, and C结构，不知道大家在看的时候有没有看出来，A= their liking for mystery，B= their belief in art for art’ssake，C= their efforts to synthesize form and content，插入语解释B。
中文：因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力
主干：括号外面的，Her dancing also attracted the attention
参考翻译：
她的舞蹈还吸引了当时法国一些诗人和画家的注意，因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰(这是一个19世纪的思想：艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值)以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和同位语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as sculptors in today's use of the word.
On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later. A few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King's Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.
The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed. Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.
1. What is the main idea of the passage ?
(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.
(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's.
(C) Many foreign sculptors worked in the United States after 1776.
(D) American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.
2. The word motifs in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) tools
(B) prints
(C) signatures
(D) designs
3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?
(A) European sculptors
(B) Carpenters
(C) Stone carves
(D) Cabinetmakers
4. The word others in line 6 refers to
(A) craftspeople
(B) decorations
(C) ornamentations
(D) shop signs
5. The word distinct in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) separate
(B) assembled
(C) notable
(D) inferior
6. The word rare in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) festive
(B) infrequent
(C) delightful
(D) unexpected
7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?
(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.
(B) He was well known for his wood carvings
(C) He produced sculpture for churches.
(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.
8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?
(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import
(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.
(C) Such sculpture was as prestigious as those made locally.
(D) The materials found abroad were superior.
9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?
(A) It was less time-consuming
(B) It was more dangerous.
(C) It was more expensive.
(D) It was less refined.
答案：BDCAA BABD
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century
(B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal
(C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century
(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century
2. The word bias in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) diagonal
(B) slope
(C) distortion
(D) prejudice
3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas
(A) were suspicious of their neighbors
(B) were very proud of their lifestyle
(C) believed city government had too much power
(D) wanted to move to the cities
4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to
(A) participate in the urban reform movement
(B) seek financial security
(C) comply with a government ordinance
(D) avoid crime and corruption
5. The word embraced in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) suggested
(B) overestimated
(C) demanded
(D) welcomed
6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?
(A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.
(B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth
(C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.
(D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.
7. The word exorbitant in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) additional
(B) expensive
(C) various
(D) modified
8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT
(A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies
(B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments
(C) the availability of services was regulated by local government
(D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments
9. The word Proponents in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) Experts
(B) Pioneers
(C) Reviewers
(D) Supporters
10. Why does the author mention industrialization (line 24)?
(A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities
(B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas
(C) To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem
(D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories
答案：CDBBD ABDDA
怎么提高阅读理解分数
1、题型——注重解题方法
托福阅读10种题型，除最后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。此时如果词汇量太小怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了，
比如：The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.
这个句子较长，其中有which引导的定语从句，还有hunted… 这个状语，而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读，甚至试图把它翻译成中文，这可谓“兵家大忌”。
遇到一句话先抓主干，遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词，举例信号词等，浏览每段的主题句。
再说一下小结题，大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最后一题时时间已所剩无几，二是最后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结，相对复杂。
在课堂中，我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?
一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章，首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章，比如练习题6中的Infantile Amnesia, 虽然文章较难理解，但是文中明确提出了三种观点first，second，third… 那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者，文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行练习题练习时，做题虽不可或缺，但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。
2、主题——增加背景知识
有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去，有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生，如果你对其略知一二，相信定会有所不同。比如练习题中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。
若考试准备时间充足，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张，则需搞定练习题套题。根据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。
除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一题需要看五个长句，似乎很花费时间，但并不需要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。
例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them.
原句是因果逻辑的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.接着来看选项：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 显然是因果倒置了，毫不犹豫地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一个核心词，而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly，并未进行比较，二话不说也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 这原因里怎么多出来一项啊，掳袖子撵人吧!
管中窥豹，可见一斑。由此例可见找关键，作分析可帮助我们快速并且准确的找出选项。值得注意的一点是：无论解题方法多么巧妙，离开了大量的练习就是“无本之源”。
如何备考托福阅
一、托福阅读答题顺序错误
顺序影响速度，进而影响考试得分。
考生在托福阅读答题时究竟是先看文章还是先读题，就跟“先有鸡还是先有蛋”的问题一样难解，若你还没有找到一个较合理的做题顺序，不妨按照下面的流程来：
先看题，再看每道题目标示出的其对应的段落，并在该段中进行考点定位，阅读，最终选出答案。这样比较容易取得托福阅读高分。
二、托福阅读答题思路错误
常听学生说“这道题做错是因为我当时想多了”。托福阅读的选项之间意思很贴近。而托福阅读基本是在考paraphrase(释义)。
那么在做题的时候一定要注意：答案都是在文中能直接找的到的，不要去做任何推断，哪怕是所谓的推断题。
三、托福阅读答题技巧运用不熟练
首先，我们做题时要时刻保持主动性。这里的主动是指在读文章的时候应主动思考并预判下文以及出题点。并且这招也是很多高分学员分享的经验。那么，“采取主动预判的做题方式，能够帮助你更快的完成题目”这就是一种做题技巧。
不过，知道了技巧和会运用可是两码事。如何熟练的运用?要做系统的训练：托福阅读的每篇文章的逻辑结构都是很严谨的，并且这种严谨的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。
四、阅读核心基本功-单词量不够
很多25/26分的学生刷了数次托福阅读依旧没有满分，分析原因发现他们有一个共性，那就是单词背的不扎实。单词不过关，很容易对题目和文章内容的理解产生偏差。因为你只有看懂了，才会明白题意，才知道如何答题。不以词汇量为基础的所有做题技巧都是不可靠的。所以还是得踏踏实实背单词!
备考托福阅读有哪些需要注意的事项?
1、对托福阅读题型需了解
托福阅读总共包含了三篇文章，每篇文章的单词数在650～750个单词之间，对应考试试题一般在12道左右，这些题目的类型包含：总结题、图表题、词汇题、推断题、修辞目的题、事实信息题等题目。托福阅读的考试时间在60分钟，这个时间需要你去合理的分配时间，在规定的时间把所有的题都解决掉。
2、托福阅读误区需避免
在托福阅读考试中一些误区是要同学们要必须避免的，在平常的备考练习中就要时刻谨记，首先在阅读审题时不要一字不漏的都看完这样你的时间就根本不够用，要学会抓重点。其次是文章没有看完就开始做题，这样整体文章说的什么都不知道，想做对题那就更难了。第三是惧怕生词，做题难免会遇到生词，这时也不要紧张，通过上下文的分析找到正确答案是没有问题的。
3、掌握解题技巧
除了了解托福阅读考什么外，掌握解题技巧也是拿到满意托福成绩的关键。托福解题技巧能够让你在解答过程中除了节省时间外正确率也是非常高的。首先做阅读的前提是英语单词得认识，在掌握了托福阅读做题方法之前，单词的记忆是必修课，提高词汇量是提高阅读成绩的基础。很多同学在做阅读时先读文章每段的首句，然后再看考试题目，再找出文章的托福阅读应对试题。这需要同学们找到适合自己的解题方法来应对解题。
托福阅读如何读懂
1、花两三分钟时间扫描每篇托福阅读文章头一两个句子，定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟，但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付，有的文章则需要15分钟左右。一般来说，5篇文章中有2篇难度大一些，比方说：如果最后一篇文章难度大，且12-14道题，在这种情况下，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度，同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布)，有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。
2、采取“结构扫描”法阅读具体的一篇文章。所谓结构，即文章的骨架子。托福阅读文章是纯学术体(Academic)，是北美国际留学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章，这些文章涉及人文社科和自然科学，均议论文、说明文，最显著的特点是呈板块结构。
文章均由数个自然段组成，正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透，文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读，文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句，没有必要每个句子理解难度大，而不涉及考题，在此句停留无疑是白白浪费时间。所以，采取“结构扫描”法，意味着以最快捷的方式了解托福阅读文章大意，从而正确引导下一步做具体的题，而不至于出现大方向的理解错误。
托福阅读的速成方法
分数要求
想得28分以上，一般就是错3个左右，也就是不含加试一篇一个。我给自己的要求：不能错词汇题以外的任何题
阅读时间：
15分钟一篇，一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)
13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8题/第9题的样子，是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。
在题目上一般是(细节 词汇，细节 作用， 细节 词汇， 细节 词汇 改写， 细节 词汇， 黑点 大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。
简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20分钟一般都是够用的。
我的阅读障碍：
速度：1’大概150-170字，生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。
选项：词汇量一般，有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。
新托福阅读真题训练技巧：
1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段，那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。
2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)
3，每读一段整理一次逻辑，A支持的观点是，A的观点的问题是B的观点是。。。(记忆法，图像帮助理解，逻辑帮助记忆，生成图像来理解含义，对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法，每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色，这段如果讲倒推如原因，在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆，如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像，读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系，每一段都纵向罗列，如下)红——黄——绿
红——黄——绿
4，鉴于每段都会出细节题，如果有词汇题等先只看一句话，做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章，鉴于有四个选项，选一个对的或者不对的，看的时候自己要边看边总结，比如总结出三个步骤， 解释了三个方面的问题，或者其他。5，要检查，每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看，我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文，一般15分钟是够的，还能剩下几分钟检查。
新托福阅读真题做题策略：
词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ 4 + 1’ 1)耗时3分钟
词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人，是物)，保持一致的最对，看这一句即可。
In the past,whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone upon. Some of the world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes
Mountains
of Peru.猜词是保证不了完全准了，根据意思，这道题排除BD，剩下AC很是纠结，但是看task本身，skilled task这种说法小奇怪，一般是skilled workers，所以选A
The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to
○Difficult○Necessary○Skilled○Shared
词汇题对于我一直是难点超爱错，猜出来的，如果有时间检查一定要再看一下，从ETS出题的角度考虑。
托福阅读分数为什么老是提不上去?
阅读词汇题加深对熟词的警惕
熟悉托福考试的同学都知道，托福阅读试题中的词汇题经常会出现一些难度比较大的词汇，因此在做词汇题时，许多考生认为做不对题与自己的词汇量有关，认识单词能做对，不认识单词就会做错。事实上，很多人存在的问题反而是那些认识的单词经常做错，不认识的单词反而能做对。究其原因，做不认识单词时，考生往往会仔细研读词汇题的上下文，力求在上下文中突破。而做认识单词时，大家就更容易忽略上下文的重要性，往往是装模作样的看一下上下文，便匆匆做出抉择。所以，做好词汇题关键在于端正态度，对于生词本就应该引起重视，而对于熟词也绝不能放松大意。
带着问题看完文章再做题
在考试的时候，很多考生一拿到试卷便直接翻看后面的题目，自己揣测题意。在这种方法相当于瞎子摸象，对文章只有局部而主观的认知，整个文章的概念是根本无法获得的。以自己的思想去猜测文章大意，很多时候会偏离主旨。所以，这种不看文章直接做题的方法是极其危险的。建议大家先看过题目不要看选项，然后带着题目看文章，看完后再解题，这样才是比较符合考试要求的阅读做题顺序方法。
读文章要兼顾细节和速度
有些同学与上述情况则相反，过度地依赖文章，在看到试卷之后，一字不将文章精读一遍再做题。如果你的阅读速度超群，或者这篇文章你很熟悉，那这样做未尝不可。但是一般来说，采用细读会导致做题时间严重不足。要知道，阅读理解测试的不止是理解，更是速度。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
ffeterd spanning in line 18d- The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today — summed up, not altogether accurately, as research and development. Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared about using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passed for the application of science was engineering science rather than basic science.
Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness — if not understanding — of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways.
In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.
1. What is the author's main purpose in the passage ?
(A) To show how technology influenced basic science
(B) To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industries
(C) To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, and industry
(D) To argue that basic science has no practical application
2. The word altogether in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) completely
(B) realistically
(C) individually
(D) understandably
3. The word intensive in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) decreased
(B) concentrated
(C) creative
(D) advanced
4. The list mentioned in line 13 refers to
(A) types of scientific knowledge
(B) changes brought by technology
(C) industries that used scientific techniques
(D) applications of engineering science
5. The understanding of research and development in the late nineteenth century is based on
which of the following?
(A) Engineering science is not very important.
(B) Fundamental science naturally leads to economic benefits.
(C) The relationship between research and development should be criticized.
(D) Industrial needs should determine what areas fundamental science focuses on.
6. The word it in line 16 refers to
(A) understanding
(B) public awareness
(C) scientific knowledge
(D) expansion
7. The word assumption in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) regulation
(B) belief
(C) contract
(D) confusion
8. Why does the author mention consultants in line 25?
(A) To show how new areas of science have given rise to new professions
(B) To distinguish between scientists who work in industry and those who do not
(C) To explain the ways in which scientists find financial support for their work
(D) To show how scientists who work in basic research contribute to applied science
9. Which of the following statements does the passage support?
(A) The development of science and of industry is now interdependent.
(B) Basic scientific research cannot generate practical applications.
(C) Industries should spend less money on research and development.
(D) Science and technology are becoming more separate.
PASSAGE 73 CABCB CBDA
托福阅读分数为什么老是提不上去
一：略读开头结尾
花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子，定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟，答案是有的文章需要15分钟左右。一般来说，5篇文章中有两篇难度较大，比方说，如果最后一篇文章难度较大，且有12~14道题，在这种情况下，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好多道题，带来巨大的损失。因此新航道托福频道小编建议大家首先定位文章难易程度，同时目测文章的含金量(既题量分布)，有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。
二：按结构分析阅读
掌握托福阅读材料的写作手法和组织架构，分辨出文章的逻辑关系，比如文章是对照呢，分类呢，还是因果，再比如文章中所列举的例子起什么作用，这些你都要分辨清楚。
练习归纳每段中心思想的能力，相信很多同学在小时候都有过在语文课上归纳课本中心思想的经历，现在托福考试能用得上哦。同时还要懂得区分主次。对于描述过程的文章，可练习按顺序总结步骤，写出提要。若文章涉及信息分类，可尝试制作图表并将相关内容分类排列。虽然新托福考试并不要求自己设计分类图表，但这项练习有助于加强信息整理的意识，可以帮助考生更快适应此类题型。
三：忽略难度较大的句子
把首段的其他句子尽快略读，文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句，没有必要每个句子都彻底看个明白。有时候，段落中个别句子理解难度大，而不涉及考题，在此句停留无疑是白百浪费时间。
Type1:Factual Information Questions(细节题)
这类题目一般用6个W和一个H来提问。
解题技巧：学会定位、仔细阅读
1.分析题干中的关键词及短语。关键词包括题干中出现的人名、地名、物种名、年代以及句子中的核心名词。
2. 带着关键词重新返回到原文中进行定位。
3.Reading你的定位点及周围相关的文字。
4.看选项找答案。选项内容一般与文章内容相同或者是文章内容相应的改写。
错误选项分析：
1.单纯地重复原文中的信息，却并没有回答问题。
2.对原文中的信息和事实进行了错误的表述。
3.不够全面。
4.原文中未涉及或未提及的信息。
5.特别注意存在极端词汇的选项。
Type 2: Negative Factual Information Questions
(否定列举题)
这一类题目的题干中一般存在NOT及EXCEPT等否定词语。四个选项中，有三个是对原文正确的表述，而考生选的是唯一错误的选项，这一点特别注意。
解题技巧：找关键词定位，然后分析答案，特别注意隐含意义。
1. 读选项，划ABCD选项关键词(名词)。
2.带着这些关键词到原文对应段落迅速定位阅读。
3.没有找到对应点的或者和原文说法相矛盾的选项就是答案。
注意点：做否定列举题的时候，因为答案中有三个正确的，所以内容可能会涉及不同的段落，记住要灵活变通。
Type 3: Inference Questions
(推断题)
这类题目的题干中会出现infer/imply/reflect等词。做这一类题目可直接排出对原文直接描述的选项，答案是建立在对原文直接表述基础上的理论推断。
解题技巧：
1. 一般推理：根据两个事物之前存在的不同特征进行推断，由此及彼。
2. 时间对比推理：不同时期事物一般具有相反的特征。
3. 集合概念推理：一个大的集合由存在互补关系的两方面组成，此消彼长。
错误选项分析：
1. 原文未涉及的 。
2. 只是对原文的句子进行改写而不是综合原文信息推断而得的。
3.太笼统、以偏概全。
4.随意增减作者观点。
注意点：做此类题型，一般需要注意几类关键词
1. 表示数量的副词：many, some, much of, several, a few, most…
2. 情态动词：can, may, could…
3. 表示过去状态的词：used to be, at once, were…
4.表示不唯一的词：not only, exclusively…
Type 4: Rhetorical Purpose Questions(例证题)
这类题型强调的不是作者说了什么，而是作者为什么这么说，阅读重点不是例子，而是概述。
解题技巧：
1.例子说明概述题：先摆道理，后讲事实。先根据关键词定位例子的位置，然后再阅读例子前的那个句子，这个句子一般就是例子所要说明的概述，也就是答案对应的地方。着重留意表示举例的用词，如，for instance，for example等。
2.例子和概述和二为一：有时概述和例子合而为一，它们分别出现于从句和主句，或者出现于同一个分句中。着重留意相关特定的结构和符号，例如定义中所用的同位语结构，in other words，because， this is why， due to, 破折号，冒号等。
3.一段中两个相隔较远的例子说明该段主体句。问题中涉及同一段中两个例子，而且它们不在一处时，通常它们说明该段的主体句。
Type 5: Vocabulary Questions
(词汇题)
随着新托福阅读文章篇幅的加长，对考生词汇的要求达到了另一个高度，并且在考试中词汇题数量也有所增加。词汇是基础，也是重中之重。
解题技巧：
1.认识原文中的词汇，知道其一种及以上的含义。那么，这时我们就可以直接从选项中寻找该词的同义词、近义词，并代入原文检验。检验至关重要，避免熟词僻义的干扰。
2.不认识原文中的词汇。
i：词根词缀猜测词义。词根词缀是基础，不仅能够帮助考生解题，对考试平时词汇的背诵记忆也是相当有效的。
例：propulsion=pro+pul+sion 前缀pro有着向前之意(progress, promote等)，sion是名词词尾，pul让人联想起动词pull, 向前+拉力+名词词性=推进力
ii.根据复述猜测词义：注意相关结构，例如同位语，that is to say, or，定语从句，标点符号，举例等。
例：Peter is a busybody, that is, he is always caring too much about others’ private affairs. “that is”后面的句子是对前面那句话的进一步解释说明，Peter就是喜欢管别人私事，那么可想而知他就是一个爱管闲事的人，所以“busybody”应该理解为爱管闲事的人。
iii.根据对比、并列、比较、转折等关系猜测词义。
例：Many scholars suspect that musical and linguistic expression had common origins but then split off from one another.句中的“but”表明了前后的转折关系，之前说音乐和语言有着“common origins”，之后用“split off from one another”与之形成转折，那么可想而知，“split off”有分离、分裂之意。
iv.根据上下文的语言环境以及意义猜测词义。
v.蒙，了胜于无。
注意点：英语单词中很难有两个意义百分之百相同的词，所以在选择答案是采用最适合原则。
