英语翻译技巧：口译干货

下面是小编整理的英语翻译技巧：口译干货（共含10篇），欢迎您阅读分享借鉴，希望对您有所帮助。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“檀健次檀正合”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

篇1：英语翻译技巧：口译干货

英语翻译技巧：口译干货

一、同义反译法

例如：

1. Only three customers remained in the bar.

酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译：“还留着”或“还呆在那里”)

2. I'll be here for good this time.

这一次我再也不走了。(不译：“永远在此呆下去”)

3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.

我不在家的时候，别让炉子灭了。(不译：“我外出时，请让炉子继续烧着”)

4. “Wait, he is serious.”

等等，他不是说着玩儿的。(不译：”等等，他是认真的。“)

5. “Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!”

听我说，克拉拉，对这孩子可不能心软。(不译：”……对这孩子要坚定“)

二、删减解释词

例如：

The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many

cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.

到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎，一定会注意到她们十之89都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。

三、短句拆译

例如：

“ …on one sunshiny morning in June , …”

在六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗……

四、译词推陈出新

例如：

When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary

fears of a lover.

原译：当他可以大胆行动的时候，他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外，心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。

改译：等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候，他却迟疑不定，顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种常有的提心吊胆的心理，那就更是难免的了。

原词 原译 改译

when 当……的时候 等到……的时候

act with boldness 大胆行动 放胆去追求

a lover 一个情人 一般堕入情网的人

ordinary fears 普通的害怕 种.种常有的提心吊胆的心理

in addition to 除了……之外 那就更是难免的了

五、解释性添词

例如：

“George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered

no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon,” said Mrs. Bagnet.

”乔治，我真替你害臊﹗乔治，想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好：滚着的碌碡不长苔，流浪的汉子不攒财。我早知道你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走“，贝格纳特太太说道。

六、词无定译

例如：

It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but

two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions.

我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外，而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对政府进行过一次巨大的诈骗。

七、精炼译词

例如：

A new dignity crept into his walk.

原译：走路的姿态不知甚么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。

改译：走起路来，不觉平添了几分尊严。

八、删削“When”字

例如

1. When he saw me, he was startled.

他看见我，吓了一大跳，(不译：当他看见我的时候……)

2. “When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?”

”你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心，你还拿鞭子没头没脑的抽，把她们打得死去活来，那有什么用呢?“(不译：当你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心的时候，你还拿鞭子……)

九、感叹词的不同译法

例如：

1. “O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want them!”

“Why, Eva, your room is full now.”

”妈妈，别这样﹗我喜欢这些花，把花给我吧，我要﹗

“得了吧，伊娃，你屋里的花都满了。”

2. “Well, that's odd!” said Marie. “What in the world do you want that for?”

“哟，真是怪事﹗”玛利说，“你干嘛非要这个不可?”

十、顺拆法

例如：

His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue working/ for a better understanding of the interrelationship

between economic, social and demographic factors.

原译：他的代表团同意执行主任关于该基金会应继续为更好地了解经济、社会和人口的相互关系而努力的意见。

改译：他的代表团同意执行主任的意见，认为该基金会应继续努力， 以求更好地了解经济、社会和人口这三方面的相互关系。

翻译资格考试口译初级模拟试题

The “standard of living” of a country means the average person' s② share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country’ s standard of living， therefore， depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money， for we do not live on ② money but on things that money can buy： “goods” such as food and clothing， and “services” such as transport and entertainment.

A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors， most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country’s natural resources， such as coal， gold， and other minerals， water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals， and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them.

难点提示：

①一般人，老百姓

②靠……为生

参考译文：

任何一个国家的生活水平，指的是那个国家生产的产品和提供的服务为普通老百姓分享的情况。因此，一个国家的生活水平，首先取决于它创造财富的能力。在这个意义上，财富并不是指金钱，因为我们生存靠的不是钱，而是靠钱能买到的东西：比如食物和衣服这些“产品”，交通和娱乐这些“服务”。

一个国家创造财富的能力取决于很多因素，其中大部分因素相互作用。财富在很大程度上依赖于一个国家的自然资源，比如煤矿、金矿和其他矿物质、水源等等。世界上有些地区煤矿和矿物质的储量丰富，土壤肥沃，气候适宜，其他地区却一样都不具备。

翻译资格考试口译三级精选词汇

nine-year compulsory education

九年义务教育

take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 考研

extracurricular 课外的

extracurricular activities 课外活动

class discussion 课堂讨论

required / compulsory course 必修课

elective / optional course 选修课

basic course 基础课

specialized course 专业课

school schedule 课程表

seminar 研究小组;讨论会

teaching program; syllabus 教学大纲

period of schooling 学习年限

record of formal schooling 学历

school / academic year 学年

(school) term; semester 学期

credit 学分

academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering 两院院士

heuristic education 启发式教学

hot topic 热门话题

talents exchange 人才交流

competition for talented people 人才战

Business English Certificate (BEC)

商务英语证书

academy of design 设计学院

institute of physical culture 体育学院

enrolment rate for children of school age

适龄儿童入学率

to confer a degree on / to sb. / for sth. (e.g. thesis) 授予某人学位

proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade 升学率

(state) stipend / subsidy / financial aid

(国家)助学金

a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study 硕博连读

Songjiang College Town 松江大学城

quality-oriented education 素质教育

cramming method of teaching 填鸭式教育

simultaneous interpretation 同声传译

Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) 托福

block release 脱产进修

short-term training course 短训班

faculty, students and staff 师生员工

the faculty; teaching staff 教学人员

英语翻译

篇2：英语翻译技巧：的口译技巧

英语翻译技巧：实用的口译技巧

1、句式调整

同传在词语的翻译上可以做到地道和相对准确，但句子结构不可能像交传那样按照中文的句式习惯组织安排，对于英汉传译，往往需要采用英语句式的顺序：

【例】Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help.

【译】坦率地讲，思想和商品都将会在全球流通，不管有没有我们的帮助。

2、断句和巧用连词

处理长句是同传的基本功之一。翻译长句，除了断成译群外，还有一个关键要掌握，即英文句子之所以长是因为要避免重复使用同一个词，于是用 who、which、that 来代替主语或宾语，使得句子很长，而在中文中就不怕重复使用。

【例】That is the single monetary policy which will be discussed at the next European Union conference.

【译】那就是单一货币政策 // 该政策将在下一届欧盟会议上讨论。

为了保证译出语的连贯性和准确性，同传时尽量使用译入语的文法结构，在将其断为多个句群后可以使用一些润滑剂，即连词，将单个的句群联系起来。

3、调整顺序

在一些有after和before的句子中可以将其反说，比如：

【例】I would like to make one point clear before I move on to the next point.

【译】我想先澄清一下，然后再讲下一部分。

【例】I would like to move on to the next part after I clarify one point.

【译】我想谈下一部分，在这之前先澄清一点。

4、转换词性

☆ 名词转动词

【例】the development and application of new telecom service

【译】如果听到整句主语后才开始切入翻译会稍显滞后，此时可以试着将这些名词译成动词，这样其实也符合英语的表达方式。可译为：开发和运用新的电信业务。

【例】In China, the full opening up and the profound reform in the public services areas to the foreign encounter parts greatly give impetus to the development of the tertiary industry.

【译】可将此句译成：在中国， 全面开放和深化改革公共服务领域，并将其向国外同行开放，这会极大推动第三产业的发展。

还有一些同类表达：

clear evidence of 清楚地表明

give impetus to 有力地推动

an obvious violation of 显然违反了

☆ 被动转主动

英语中大量使用被动句，目的主要是为了强调或者平衡句子结构。这种表达方式与汉语有较大差别，造成翻译英语中的被动语态时比较吃力，特别是当句子主语较长时，在这种情况下，建议将语态由被动转成主动，往往会有柳暗花明之感：

【例】Arrangement must be made to guarantee the basic life necessities could be available to the people in the earthquake hit areas.

【译】 必须做出安排……

【译】China’s diplomatic practice is seriously guided by the five principles of mutual peaceful coexistence.

【译】中国的外交活动是严格遵循原则的，即和平共处五项原则。

5、及时调整错误

一般来说，在同传中不会有回过头来重新改正自己错误的可能性，但也不绝对，所以，如果具备了改错空间，当然提倡有错必改。

调整是同声翻译中的校译过程，是译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错译、补充漏译的重要环节。如英语中的时间、地点状语等大多出现在句尾，在使用“顺句驱动”翻译时，会出现译完主句又出现状语的情况。

翻译资格考试口译初级模拟试题

A new era is upon us. Call it what you will： the service economy， the information age， the knowledge society. It all translates to ① a fundamental change in the way we work. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically. Today the majority of jobs are in the service industry， and the number is on the rise.

More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part- time jobs. More people are self-employed. Above all， the economic transformation is giving rise to② a radical~ new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers， the skills needed to succeed， even the relation between individuals and employers——all these are being challenged.

难点提示：

①转变为，转化为

②引起，导致

③根本的，彻底的

参考译文：

一个新时代降临在我们身上。随你怎么称呼它：叫它服务型经济、信息时代，或者知识社会都行。它都反映在我们工作方式的根本改变上。靠生产物品谋生的人的比例大幅度下降。今天，大多数的人们都从事服务性行业的工作，而且人数呈上升趋势。

劳动力中妇女的人数比以往任何时候都多。有更多兼职的工作。更多的人成为个体劳动者。最重要的是，经济的转变带来了对于工作本身的一种全新认识。工作和事业，成功所必需具备的技能，甚至就连个人与雇主的关系——长期以来对所有这些问题所持的看法都受到了挑战。

翻译资格考试口译初级模拟试题

上海社会科学院①的一项最新分析表明，外资的加入对上海的发展和上海市民的生活产生了巨大影响。这项分析预测，从起，世界主要经济强国在上海的直接投资将急剧上升。过去几年来突飞猛进的发展形势使很多人相信上海是国际投资可靠的港口。

中国人民银行上海分行的统据数据表明，到年底，上海的海外金融机构达到65家，其中54家是外国银行。上海的外国银行的总资产②、储蓄存款和贷款平衡差额③占中国所有外国银行总和的一半以上。到目前为止，世界排名前50位的银行中有八家已经在上海建立了分行。

难点提示：

① the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences

② total asset

③loan balance

参考译文

The latest analysis of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences shows that the introduction of foreign capital has produced a tremendous influence on Shanghai’s development and the livelihood of its citizens. It predicts that Shanghai will witness an upsurge in direct investment from the world’s major economic powers from . The rapid development over the past few years has made many believe that Shanghai is a sound port for international capital.

Statistics of the People’s Bank of China Shanghai Branch showed that， by the end of ， the number of overseas financial institutions in Shanghai had reached 65， of which 54 were foreign banks. The total assets， savings deposits and loan balance of foreign banks in Shanghai account for more than half of the total of foreign banks in China. So far， 8 of the world’s top 50 banks have set up branches in Shanghai.

英语翻译

篇3：英语翻译技巧：高级口译阅读

英语翻译技巧：高级口译阅读

1. 各类词汇，谙熟于心

高口阅读的词汇量要求在8000至1之间，相当于专业八级和GRE常考词汇量，甚为恐怖。但若仔细分析，高口阅读的词汇范畴却和后两者(尤其是和GRE)相去甚远，主要体现在对四大类特殊词汇的掌握上：

新闻偏好词 ，如soar(猛增，上升)，sway(控制)，swoop(攻击)等。

外来词 ，如faux par(禁忌)，per se(本质上)，perrata(成比例的)等。

专业词 ，如jurisdiction(管辖权)，IVF(试管婴儿)，default(拖欠)，reserve(储备)等。

熟词僻义 ，如marginal(毛利的，边缘的，非主流的，以少数超过的等)

对于口译词汇的复习可参见上海口译教研组出版的《中高级口译考试词汇必备》及台湾友谊出版社《单挑时代经典一千词》等。

2. 句法结构，分类击破

由于报刊文章正式度介于口语和正式书面语之间的特殊性质，我们经常在高口阅读篇章中同时遭遇十分复杂冗长和十分短小通俗的表达，这就要求考生熟练把握考试中常出现的三类特殊句型结构：

a.长句 ，这类句子在快速阅读中只需抓主干舍从属，其中的让步状语从句、同位语、定语从句、并列结构、分割插入结构等可以迅速掠过，整句理解不受个别难词影响。

b. 特殊结构句 ，It is too funny not to take it seriously.(这事情太滑稽了所以一定要认真对待。)这样的句子看似简单却常常使考生在匆忙中形成相反的解释。

c.俗语 ，这主要指一些对大陆考生来说较陌生的英语俚语，谚语，成语和一些约定俗成并无典籍可查的地道表达，需要我们在平时的训练中有效地积累。

3. 篇章结构，思路分明

广义上说，高口阅读文章均属于倒金字塔的结构形式，即主题内容出现在文章开头的一至三段之内，向后则重要性相关度都逐步递减。这就要求我们上首都文章时就扎实把握文章前几段的内容(其中往往出现主题句)，在把握主题的基础上则可以迅速掠过后面的细节性内容以节省时间，根据具体题目所指选择性地补充二次阅读。

4. 背景知识，举足轻重

高级口译考试中听力翻译部分对于背景知识的考察已经成为许多考生的致命弱点所在，阅读部分的理解效果更是建立在背景知识的撑托之上，3月高口Section 2第4篇涉及了一系列宗教背景的概念，如：

Sabbath(犹太教和的安息日)

Blue laws(美国殖民地时期清教徒社团颁行的蓝色法规，禁止星期日饮酒及娱乐等世俗活动)

liturgy(圣餐仪式)

Pope(教皇)

apostle(追随者倡导者，原指耶稣的十二门徒)

Fourth commandment (犹太教十戒之第四戒，规定人们一周必须工作六天，第七天即安息日可以休息)

这方面的知识需要我们长期大量的积累，当然这也是我的口译阅读课上强调的重中之重。

5. 控制节奏，主次分明

我们都知道，任何一个论说型语篇都是由TS/ts (全文主题句，段落主题句以及相关的抽象句)和Subordination(各类支持性细节)构成的。试题也永远是围绕论点论据以及它们的相互关系展开的。然而在快速阅读中正常人类都很难做到面面俱到，这就要求我们抓大放小，张弛有度地读文章，在把握TS/ts的基础上掠过Subordination的具体内容，知道后者用来支持什么就可以。这种先慢后快的方式是绝对磨刀不误砍柴工的。

6. 跳读顺序，明智取舍

阅读部分的做题顺序当然是因人而异的，但是在长期的教学过程中我也摸索出了一套比较广泛适用效果也比较好的顺序策略，美其名曰“木乃伊归来法”，即：快速浏览题干(20秒迅速浏览题干，预测文章答题内容的同时抓住考察点和定位线索)，把握文章框架(浏览文章TS/ts，把握核心内容)，适度边读边解(细节性的题目，可以在读到相关内容时顺便处理掉问候相关的内容，这样可以减少记忆负担，正确率也比较高)，补充二次阅读(文后题目若涉及subordination中的具体内容，再回文中定位细查也不迟)。考生们可以在实际操作中根据自己的实际情况选择合适的阅读顺序。

7. 分辨题型，有的放矢

高口阅读的主要题型有主题题，细节题，例子功能题，作者态度题，词义句义理解题和判断/否定题等，每种题型的出题思路都非常相似，因而也就产成了各具特点的解题方式。

这一部分的具体讲解请参见上海口译教研组出版的《高级口译笔试备考精要》一书之“阅读篇”。

8. 集中意志，避免神游

为了避免在三个小时的高口战役中由于体力和精力的不支而全面虚脱，同学们在复习迎考的过程中应该有意识的锻炼自己长时间集中注意力的能力，因为这项能力的意义远远超越于考场之外，它是每个口译员职业生涯不可缺少的维他命。

翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译习题九

域外大国干扰是南海和平稳定的风险源

Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region

驻欧盟使团团长张明大使在欧盟媒体发表署名文章

Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver

8月22日

22 August

近期，个别域外大国罔顾南海局势持续向好的事实，就所谓南海“紧张局势”无端指责中国，欧盟高官也表达了关切。为了让欧洲读者更加全面认知南海问题，我愿意向广大朋友们讲讲南海的故事。考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。

从“南中国海”的名字可以看出，南海在中国大陆的南面。中国是最早发现和命名南海诸岛的国家，也是最早开发利用南海的国家。早在公元8世纪，欧洲进入中世纪不久，中国就开始对南海进行管辖。中国和南海沿岸国交往密切，人民世代友好。直到20世纪前，中国对南海诸岛的主权从未遭遇任何挑战。

二战结束后，中国使用美国提供的军舰，收复了日本非法侵占的南海诸岛，在岛上举行接收仪式并派兵驻守。作为二战后国际秩序的组成部分，中国对南海诸岛的主权得到国际社会广泛承认。但随着南海发现油气资源，一些沿岸国开始在南沙夺岛占礁，提出海洋权益诉求，导致南海出现争端。尽管如此，中国致力于同有关国家谈判解决争议，聚焦海上务实合作，切实维护了南海的和平稳定，维护了地区国家的发展繁荣。

世上本无事，总有人为谋取私利而到处挑拨离间、惹事生非，南海也未能幸免。个别域外大国，唯恐南海不乱，蓄意炒作南海“紧张局势”，指责中国在南海“搞军事化”。殊不知中国在自己领土上部署必要防御设施，本就是国家的合法权利。这个大国有世界上最强大的军事力量，在全世界有数百个军事基地。其不断在南海搞军事演习，派大型军舰搞“航行自由”行动，把南海当作大国博弈的战场，才是南海局势紧张的重要根源。

个别域外大国总喜欢讲南海问题，但在一些多边场合，其国家代表发完言就扬长而去，不愿倾听地区国家对南海和平稳定的关切。可以说，这个大国所关心的南海问题，同中国和东盟国家所关心的南海问题，根本就不是同一个问题。这个大国的真实目的是搅浑南海，为维持地区军事存在找借口，维护亚太霸权和海洋霸主地位。

个别域外大国言南海必称“航行自由”问题，然而这个问题在南海根本就不存在。中国对外贸易和能源运输的60%以上通过南海，中国比任何国家更关心南海航行自由。事实是，每年有十几万艘商船通行南海，从没有一艘遇到过航行自由问题。这些域外大国天天喊“航行自由”，想要的莫不是乱闯别国领海的“横行自由”?

南海地区国家有维护和平稳定与推动地区合作的共同意愿。中国不会任由领土主权和地区安全受到侵害，也不会坐视域外大国搅乱南海秩序。希望域外国家尊重地区国家的意愿和选择，多发挥建设性作用，不要为一己私利，也不要人云亦云，成为威胁南海和平稳定的风险源。

域外大国干扰是南海和平稳定的风险源

Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region

驻欧盟使团团长张明大使在欧盟媒体发表署名文章

Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver

208月22日

22 August 2019

Recently, despite the continued improvement in the situation in the South China Sea, a major power outside the region has kept making unwarranted accusations against China over the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea. Senior EU officials have expressed similar concerns. To help European readers get a full picture of the South China Sea issue, I wish to share with you the other side of the story.

As its name suggests, the “South China Sea” is to the south of the Chinese mainland. China was the first country to discover, name and develop the South China Sea islands. As early as in the 8th century, shortly after Europe entered the Middle Ages, China started administering the South China Sea. China has maintained close exchanges with the littoral states of the South China Sea and has enjoyed friendship with peoples of these countries from generation to generation. Before the 20th century, China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea islands had never been challenged.

After the end of World War II, China used naval ships provided by the United States and recovered the South China Sea islands illegally occupied by Japan. On the islands, the takeover ceremonies were held and troops started to be stationed. As part of the post-war international order, China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea islands has been widely recognized by the international community.

However, with the discovery of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, some littoral states have sought to seize islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands, and made claims to maritime entitlements, leading to disputes in the South China Sea. That being said, China has been committed to settling the disputes through negotiation with the countries directly concerned, and focusing on practical maritime cooperation. Such efforts have contributed to the overall peace and stability in the South China Sea as well as development and prosperity of countries in this region.

We would deserve a more peaceful world, were it not for the instigation and trouble-making of some forces for their own agenda. The South China Sea is unfortunately no exception. A major power outside the region has deliberately hyped up the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea and accused China of “militarizing” the region. The fact is that China has every legitimate right to deploy necessary defence facilities on its own territory. That major power, with the world’s most powerful military forces and hundreds of military bases across the world, has kept staging military exercises in the South China Sea and sent large warships there for the so-called “freedom of navigation” operations, trying to turn the South China Sea into an arena for major-power wrestling. This is THE source of tensions in the South China Sea.

That major power enjoys raising the South China Sea issue. Yet on some multilateral occasions, its representatives would take the exit immediately after finishing what they had to say, giving little heed to the call of the littoral countries for peace and stability in the South China Sea. It is fair to say that when it comes to the South China Sea issue, that major power cares about things totally different from those of China and ASEAN countries. Its real agenda is to muddy the waters and seek excuses to justify its military presence in the region, in order to uphold its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific and maritime supremacy the world over.

That major power always questions the “freedom of navigation” in the South China Sea, but there is nothing to question at all. More than 60% of China’s foreign trade and energy supplies pass through the South China Sea, so China has a greater stake in the freedom of navigation than any other country. The reality is that more than 100,000 merchant ships pass through these waters every year and not a single vessel has ever run into any problem with the freedom of navigation. When a major power outside the region talk about the freedom of navigation, does it mean to have a license to do whatever it wants in other countries’ territorial waters? This might be the real question.

Littoral states share the commitment to maintaining peace and stability and promoting cooperation in the South China Sea. China would not allow its territorial sovereignty and regional security to be undermined, nor would it allow any major power outside the region to muddy the waters. It is our hope that countries outside the region could respect the wishes and choices of countries in the region and play a more constructive role. Any attempt to impose one’s own selfish agenda or blindly follow suit from the outside would only pose real risks to peace and stability in the South China Sea.

英语翻译

篇4：英语翻译之高级口译技巧

口译技巧

1、句式调整

同传在词语的翻译上可以做到地道和相对准确，但句子结构不可能像交传那样按照中文的句式习惯组织安排，对于英汉传译，往往需要采用英语句式的顺序：

【例】Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help.

【译】坦率地讲，思想和商品都将会在全球流通，不管有没有我们的帮助。

2、断句和巧用连词

处理长句是同传的基本功之一。翻译长句，除了断成译群外，还有一个关键要掌握，即英文句子之所以长是因为要避免重复使用同一个词，于是用 who、which、that 来代替主语或宾语，使得句子很长，而在中文中就不怕重复使用。

【例】That is the single monetary policy which will be discussed at the next European Union conference.

【译】那就是单一货币政策 // 该政策将在下一届欧盟会议上讨论。

为了保证译出语的连贯性和准确性，同传时尽量使用译入语的文法结构，在将其断为多个句群后可以使用一些润滑剂，即连词，将单个的句群联系起来。

3、调整顺序

在一些有after和before的句子中可以将其反说，比如：

【例】I would like to make one point clear before I move on to the next point.

【译】我想先澄清一下，然后再讲下一部分。

【例】I would like to move on to the next part after I clarify one point.

【译】我想谈下一部分，在这之前先澄清一点。

4、转换词性

☆ 名词转动词

【例】the development and application of new telecom service

【译】如果听到整句主语后才开始切入翻译会稍显滞后，此时可以试着将这些名词译成动词，这样其实也符合英语的表达方式。可译为：开发和运用新的电信业务。

【例】In China, the full opening up and the profound reform in the public services areas to the foreign encounter parts greatly give impetus to the development of the tertiary industry.

【译】可将此句译成：在中国， 全面开放和深化改革公共服务领域，并将其向国外同行开放，这会极大推动第三产业的发展。

还有一些同类表达：

clear evidence of 清楚地表明

give impetus to 有力地推动

an obvious violation of 显然违反了

☆ 被动转主动

英语中大量使用被动句，目的主要是为了强调或者平衡句子结构。这种表达方式与汉语有较大差别，造成翻译英语中的被动语态时比较吃力，特别是当句子主语较长时，在这种情况下，建议将语态由被动转成主动，往往会有柳暗花明之感：

【例】Arrangement must be made to guarantee the basic life necessities could be available to the people in the earthquake hit areas.

【译】 必须做出安排……

【译】China’s diplomatic practice is seriously guided by the five principles of mutual peaceful coexistence.

【译】中国的外交活动是严格遵循原则的，即和平共处五项原则。

5、及时调整错误

一般来说，在同传中不会有回过头来重新改正自己错误的可能性，但也不绝对，所以，如果具备了改错空间，当然提倡有错必改。

调整是同声翻译中的校译过程，是译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错译、补充漏译的重要环节。如英语中的时间、地点状语等大多出现在句尾，在使用“顺句驱动”翻译时，会出现译完主句又出现状语的情况。

20翻译资格考试一级笔译英译汉练习题

Climate Change: A Race We Must Win

We face a new era of climate crisis. July 2019 is the hottest month on record, and we are on track for to 2019 to be the five hottest years in human history. The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point in human history; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever, with droughts, hurricanes, heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet, bringing high tolls and casualties, causing huge economic loss to countries and to individuals, particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies. The latest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific shows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible for economic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting close to 150 million people.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。

The clock is ticking. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not go beyond 1.5 degrees. This means we must reduce emissions by 45 percent by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Such goals might seem too ambitious, but climate change is not a standalone issue that can be ignored given the profound implications it has for all countries and all peoples, including the young generation who will be living with the ever-increasing consequences of global warmings.

Faced with this reality, it is impossible to ignore that human development can only flourish if the natural world flourishes. This is the premise of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forward to the next decade. How can we as the global community work together as one?

To boost ambition, reinforce strong political will and encourage concrete actions to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres will host the 2019 Climate Action Summit on 23 September during the UN General Assembly. The Summit will bring together governments, the private sector, civil society, local authorities and other international organizations to develop ambitious solutions in six areas: a global transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructures and cities; sustainable agriculture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance with a ‘net zero’ economy. The message is clear: we need concrete, realistic plans to enhance countries’ nationally determined contributions by , in line with reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 per cent over the next decade, and to achieve ‘net zero’ emissions by 2050.

As the second largest economy in the world, China has played a critical part in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment is crucial in achieving the goals. The country has made remarkable progress in developing its green economy, with more than US$125 billion dollars’ investment in renewable energy in . New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumber those created in the oil and gas industries. Under the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has already exceeded full three per cent of its target, to reduce energy intensity by 15 percent. The country is also the global leader in the adoption of electric buses, with an estimation of 18% of China’s total bus fleet being electrified according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. This demonstrates a significant increase in the importance of non-fossil fuel from previous five-year plan targets. The benefits China has reaped from fostering its renewable energy sector and the green economy also offer a prime counter-example to the mistaken belief that economic vitality and growth is incompatible with efforts to combat climate change.

As the global challenge that does not respect national borders, climate change is an issue that requires solutions to be coordinated at the international level, with demand for all developed countries taking up greater responsibilities, and for developing countries moving toward low-carbon economy. In the meantime, as the world’s most populous country and one of the largest carbon emitters, China can play an even more vital role in tackling global climate change by maximizing its enormous potential for emission reduction and accelerating the current positive.

The UN is committed to working with the government of China, the private sector, NGOs, youth and other key stakeholders to support climate change reduction efforts in China, to raise awareness and build the next generation of climate leaders, as well as China’s growing support to other developing countries. Under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, UN and China can work closely together to make the best use of the investment in infrastructure to promote the transition from fossil fuel-intensive economy to green and low-carbon economy in developing countries and ensure the initiatives are in line with sustainable development goals. South-South Cooperation can also facilitate the exchanges of climate solutions – bringing China’s successful practices to developing world and customize the methodology to best serve the local context and needs. Considering the scale of China’s commitments, the potential impact these global engagements will have is unparalleled. Therefore, the UN is ready to continue its partnership with China to ensure that an agenda of environmental sustainability, of climate change mitigation and resilience is placed first and foremost at the head of China’s global development initiatives and investments.

Climate change is running faster than we are and we need to have a much more ambitious approach in what we do in order to defeat climate change – as this is a race that we can and must win.

气候变化：一场我们必须打赢的比赛

我们面临着气候危机的新时代。2019年7月是有记录以来最热的一个月，至2019年有望成为人类历史上最热的5年。大气中的二氧化碳含量达到了人类历史上的最高点。与气候变化有关的自然灾害比以往任何时候都更加频繁，干旱、飓风、热浪和山体滑坡的频发造成了大范围人员伤亡，给许多国家和人民造成了巨大的经济损失，尤其是社会中最脆弱的群体受影响最为严重。联合国亚太经济社会委员会最新报告显示，该地区自然灾害造成的经济损失高达每年6750亿美元，影响近1.5亿人。

时间一分一秒地过去。政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)的报告表明，我们需要共同确保全球气温上升不超过1.5摄氏度。这意味着我们必须在2030年前减少45%的排放量，并在2050年前实现碳中和。这些目标似乎过于雄心勃勃，但考虑到气候变化对所有国家和人民所产生的深远影响，全球变暖日益严重所产生的后果年轻一代将首当其冲，我们绝不能将气候变化孤立开来，不能小觑其可能产生的后果和影响。

面对气候变化的现实，我们需要清醒地认识到，人类的发展只有在自然界繁荣的情况下才能蓬勃发展。这是联合国可持续发展目标的前提，展望未来十年，这些目标变得更加紧迫。我们该如何作为一个国际社会共同努力?

联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯将于9月23日在联合国大会期间主持2019年气候行动峰会，以提振雄心，增强政治意愿，鼓励落实《巴黎气候变化协定》的具体行动。首脑会议将汇集各国政府、私营部门、民间社会、地方当局和其他国际组织，在六个领域制定雄心勃勃的解决办法：全球范围内向可再生能源过渡;可持续和适应力强的基础设施和城市;可持续农业和森林及海洋管理;对气候影响的恢复力和适应能力;公共和私人金融向“净零”经济看齐。峰会要传递的信息很明确：我们需要具体、现实的计划，到2020年提高各国的自主贡献，在未来将温室气体排放量减少45%，到2050年实现“净零”排放。

作为世界第二大经济体，中国在履行《巴黎协定》方面发挥了重要作用，中国的领导和承诺对实现《巴黎协定》的目标至关重要。中国绿色经济发展取得了显著进展，可再生能源投资超过1250亿美元。目前，中国可再生能源新增就业人数已超过石油和天然气行业。在十三五计划实施期间，中国已经超额完成目标的3%，降低能源强度15%。中国还是全球率先使用电动公交车的国家，根据彭博新能源财经研究估计，18%中国公交车汽车实现电气化。这表明，与之前的五年计划目标相比，非化石燃料的重要性显著提高。中国从发展可再生能源产业和绿色经济中获益的事实也为有些人错误地认为经济的活力和增长与应对气候变化不可兼得提供了一个主要的反例。

全球性挑战向来不受国境线的限制，气候变化这一全球性议题需要在国际层面协调解决方案，要求所有发达国家承担更大的责任，发展中国家向低碳经济迈进。作为世界上人口最多的国家和最大的碳排放国之一，中国可以在应对全球气候变化方面发挥更重要的作用，最大限度地发挥其巨大的减排潜力，进一步加快进度。

联合国致力于与中国政府、私营部门、非政府组织、青年和其他主要利益攸关方一道，支持中国减少气候变化的努力，提高认识，培养下一代气候领导人，并不断加大对其他发展中国家的支持力度。在各项倡议的支持下，例如一带一路倡议，联合国和中国可以紧密合作，充分利用基础设施投资，促进发展中国家从化石燃料密集型的经济向绿色和低碳经济的过渡，确保项目符合可持续发展目标。南南合作也可以促进气候解决方案的交流，将中国的成功经验推广到发展中国家，并根据当地的实际情况和需求，因地制宜地调整方法论。考虑到中国承诺的规模，这些全球合作的潜在影响将是巨大的。因此，联合国愿继续与中国保持伙伴关系，确保将环境可持续性、减缓气候变化和提高适应能力置于中国全球发展倡议和投资的首位。

如果将气候行动比作一场比赛，那么气候变化现在的速度比我们快，我们需要更大的决心来应对这一挑战，因为这是一场我们能够而且必须获胜的比赛。

2020年翻译资格考试一级口译实务材料

常驻联合国代表张军大使在安理会中导问题公开会上的发言

Statement by Ambassador Zhang Jun at Security Council on Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty

2019年8月22日

22 August 2019

主席女士，

Madam President,

我认真听取了中满泉副秘书长所作通报。

I have listened carefully to the briefing by USG Nakamitsu.

1987年美苏达成的《中导条约》是军控与裁军领域的重要条约。条约明确将加强战略稳定作为目标，有效缓解了美苏在欧洲的中导军备竞赛，有利于增进大国战略互信，缓和国际关系，推进核裁军进程。The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) signed between the US and the USSR in 1987 is an important treaty on arms control and disarmament. Taking strengthening strategic stability as its objective, the treaty effectively mitigated the arms race on intermediate-range missiles between the US and USSR in Europe and helped to enhance strategic mutual trust between major powers, ease international relations and advance nuclear disarmament process.

进入新世纪以来，维护《中导条约》有效性，不仅对美俄两国，也对国际和地区的和平与安全具有重要现实意义。美俄本应通过对话协商妥善处理关于履约问题的分歧，切实维护条约有效性。但美国单方面退约导致条约失效，将对全球战略平衡与稳定、欧洲和亚太地区安全及国际军控体系产生深远消极影响，国际社会应对此保持清醒认识。在《中导条约》问题上，中方已多次表明立场，拿中国作为退约借口是不可接受的。中方拒绝美方的无理指责。

Entering the new century, safeguarding the effectiveness of the INF treaty is of great practical significance not only to the United States and Russia but also to international and regional peace and security. The two countries should have properly handled differences over treaty compliance through dialogue and consultation to earnestly safeguard the effectiveness of the treaty. However, the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from the treaty led to the demise of the treaty, which will have a far-reaching negative impact on global strategic balance and stability, regional security in Europe and Asia as well as international arms control regime. The international community should be clear headed about this impact. On the INF issue, China has made clear its position on many occasions. It is unacceptable to use China as an excuse for leaving the treaty, and China rejects the baseless accusation by the United States.

主席女士，

Madam President,

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流不可逆转，和平力量的上升远远超过战争因素的增长。同时，国际安全面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出。多边主义是应对共同挑战的有效途径，各国应坚定维护以国际法和《联合国宪章》宗旨原则为核心的国际秩序，秉持共同、综合、合作和可持续的新安全观，充分尊重各国正当合理安全关切，努力塑造和平稳定的国际安全环境，推动构建人类命运共同体。

The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. Peace, development and win-win cooperation remain the irreversible trends of the times, with forces for peace predominating over elements of war. At the same time, there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in international security. Multilateralism is the effective means to address common challenges. All countries should resolutely safeguard international order with international law and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter at its core, embrace a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, fully respect the legitimate security concerns of all countries, work hard for a peaceful and stable international security environment and promote a community of a shared future for mankind.

《联合国宪章》赋予安理会维护国际和平与安全的重要职责，安理会成员应展现责任担当，各国均应避免采取损害别国安全利益的举动。美方在正式退出《中导条约》前即宣称计划加快中导研发和部署，并已于日前试射新型陆基巡航导弹。中方强烈敦促有关国家本着高度负责的态度，保持克制，切实维护现有军控体系，维护全球战略平衡与稳定，维护国际和地区和平与安宁。这是国际社会的共同呼声。

The UN Charter entrusts the Security Council with the important responsibility of maintaining international peace and security. Council members should earnestly fulfill their responsibilities in this regard. All countries should refrain from taking actions that undermine the security interests of other countries. Prior to its official withdrawal from the INF treaty, the United States already announced its plan to accelerate the development and deployment of intermediate range missiles. And lately, it conducted a test launch of land-based cruise missile. China strongly urges the relevant country to take a highly responsible attitude, exercise restraint and earnestly preserve the existing arms control regime in an effort to safeguard global strategic balance and stability and international and regional peace and security. This is the shared message from the international community.

退出《中导条约》是美国奉行单边主义、推卸国际义务的又一消极举动，其真实目的是自我松绑、谋求单方面绝对军事优势。中国始终奉行防御性的国防政策，拥有的陆基中程导弹全部部署在本国境内，完全出于防御目的，不威胁任何国家。中方坚决反对美国在亚太地区部署陆基中导，要求美方在此方面保持理性和克制。

Withdrawal from the INF treaty is yet another act of unilateralism and escape from international obligations by the United States. It is aimed at relieving restrictions and seeking absolute military advantage. China pursues a national defense policy that is defensive nature. China’s land-based intermediate range missiles are all deployed within the Chinese territory. It is for defense purposes only and poses no threat to any country. China firmly opposes US deployment of land-based intermediate range missiles in the Asia-Pacific and urges the United States to be cool-headed and exercise restraint.

主席女士，

Madam President,

国际军控与裁军条约体系是全球战略平衡与稳定的基石，与国际和平安全息息相关。核裁军是《不扩散核武器条约》的三大支柱之一，是核领域全球治理的重要组成部分。各国应遵循“维护全球战略稳定”和“各国安全不受减损”等原则，循序渐进推进核裁军进程。拥有最大核武库的国家应切实履行核裁军特殊、优先责任。我们支持俄罗斯在此方面作出的政治外交努力，支持并鼓励俄罗斯和美国就战略安全和双边核裁军问题保持对话，致力于《美俄关于进一步削减和限制进攻性战略武器措施的条约》延期，并继续以可核查、不可逆、具有法律约束力的方式大幅削减核武库，为推进多边核裁军进程创造必要条件。

The international arms control and disarmament treaty system, as the cornerstone of global strategic balance and stability, bears on international peace and security. Nuclear Disarmament, as one of the three pillars of the NPT, constitutes an important part of global governance in the nuclear field. All countries should follow the principles of “maintaining global strategic stability” and “undiminished security for all” and advance disarmament process in a step-by-step manner. Countries with the largest nuclear arsenals have special and primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament. We support the political and diplomatic efforts made by Russia, support and encourage Russia and the United States to maintain dialogue on strategic security and bilateral nuclear disarmament issues, commit themselves to the extension of the New START Treaty, continue to make substantive reduction in their nuclear arsenals in a verifiable, irreversible and legally binding manner with a view to creating necessary conditions for advancing multilateral nuclear disarmament processes.

我要强调，任何军控谈判都应充分考虑各国整体军事实力，并遵循“各国安全不受减损”这一国际军控基本原则。中方已多次就所谓“中美俄军控谈判”提议表明立场，现阶段中方无意也不会参加所谓“中美俄军控谈判”。

I must emphasize that for any arms control negotiation, it is imperative to fully consider the overall military capabilities of countries and follow the principle of “undiminished security for all”, a basic principle of international arms control. China has repeatedly stated its position on the so-called arms control negotiation with the United States and Russia. China has no interest and will not be part of it.

中国始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策，中国自卫防御的核战略完全透明，中国的核政策高度负责，中国的核武库规模极为有限，从不对国际和平与安全构成威胁。几十年来，中国一贯积极参与联合国、裁军谈判会议等多边机制框架下的军控磋商与谈判，反对军备竞赛，维护全球战略平衡和稳定。未来中方将继续坚定维护多边主义，积极参与多边军控进程，为维护国际和平与安全贡献力量。

China unswervingly pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. China’s nuclear strategy for self-defense is completely transparent and its nuclear policy is highly responsible. China’s nuclear arsenal is extremely limited in scale, and poses no threat to international peace and security. For decades, China has actively participated in arms control consultations and negotiations under multilateral mechanisms and frameworks including those of the United Nations and Conference on Disarmament. China opposes arms race and works to safeguard global strategic balance and stability. Moving forward, China will continue to firmly uphold multilateralism, actively participate in multilateral arms control processes to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security.

谢谢主席女士。

Thank you, Madam President.

英语翻译

篇5：英语翻译资格考试口译技巧：数字表达

英语翻译资格考试口译技巧：数字表达

I. 有关数字的各种表达及注意事项

1. 整数的译法和读法

迅速无误识别数字的前提是必须能够流利地读出数字。要从读两位数起，然后练习读三位和四位数乃至五位或六位以上的数字。其中两位和三位数的读法是读所有数字的基础。英文数字中的每一个逗点的读法也要牢记：有一个逗点读“thousand”，两个逗点读“million”， 三个逗点读“billion”。还要清楚，每个逗点间由三位数组成。英文数字中的第四位数、第七位数、第十位数是很关键的数位。

1,234 读作：one thousand,two hundred and thirty-four

4,567,809 读作：four million,five hundred and sixty-seventhousand,eight hundred and nine

5,678,120,000 读作：five billion,six hundred and seventy-eight million,one hundred and twe nty thousand

百位数和百位数以上的数的读法英国人和美国人不同，英国人在百位数和十位数之间用and,美国人常常不用。

126 读作one hundred(and)twenty-six

3,862 读作three thousand, eight hundred(and)sixty-two

489,932 读作four thousand(and)eight-nine thousand,nine hundred(and)thiety-two

以one开始的较大数字，通俗的用法或表示大概数字时，可用不定冠词a代替one,如：He's written a thousand poems.

“千”有时可转换成“百”来表示，尤其在通俗用法中，如：

The fee is about eleven hundred yuan.(费用约一千一百元。)

也即，部分有一个逗点的数字(四位数)，英国人用“thousand”表示，而美国人则多用“hundred”。 再如，有三个逗点的数字(十位数)，美式读法为“billion”， 而英式读法为“thousand million”。因此，熟悉英美两种不同的读法对消除数字理解上的岐义是十分必要的。请看下面的对照表：

例词1,900 英式one thousand,nine hundred 美式nineteen hundred

4,000,000,000 英式four thousand million 美式four billion

2. 小数的译法和读法

和汉语一样，英语小数点前的数字按“十”、“百”、“千”整数读，小数点后的数字一个个分开单读，如：

0.12 读作[zero<美>/nought<英>]point one two

3.208 读作three point two o/zero eight

小数的读法：小数点读作“point”，小数后各位数要分别读， 小数点前的数若为“0”可略去不读。

2.468 读作：two point four six eight

0.157 读作：(zero)point one five seven

13.91读作：thirteen decimal(point)nine one;

0.23读作：nought demical two three;

1.25 读作 one point two five.

3.728 读作 three point seven two eight

0.56读作 (naught)(美国用zero) point five six

0.009 读作 (naught) point naught naugnt nine( 美国用 zero 代替 naught)

3. 分数的译法和读法

和汉语不同，英语口语表达分数比较复杂：分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。口译时，分数线可以省略。分子为1时，分子译为one/a，分母用序数词。

1/3 one/a third

1/5 one/a fifth

但以2和4为分母的分数有特殊表达法，如：

1/2 a/one half

1/4 a/one quarter

3/4 three quarters

分子大于1时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词的复述形式：

2/3 two thirds

6/7 six sevenths

复杂或数字较大的分数的译法和读法：

分子和分母均用基数词表示，中间用over连接，如：

2/855 two over eight hundred and fifty-five

分母为百位数的也有把数字一个个分开读的，如：

9/267 nine over two six seven

练习：

1/3 读作：one-third

7/12 读作：seven-twelfths

1/2 读作：a(one)half

3/4 读作：three quarters

2 1/2 读作：two and a half

20/87 读作：twenty over eighty-seven

33/90 读作：thirty-three over ninety

4. 百分数的译法和读法

口译时，英语的百分数用“基数词+%”(读作per cent/percent)表达，如：

0.5% point five percent(或zero/nought point five percent)

0.05% point o five percent

0.015% point o one five percent

100% one hundred percent

150% one hundred and fifty percent

34.55% thirty-four point three five percent

5. 电话号码、银行账号等的读法：

(1)电话号码

读电话号码时，每个数字一一读出，“o”英式读[ou];美式则读zero，这也是最常用于科技方面或最准确的形式，o极少用于科技方面(有时也读nought) ;英国人在读两个相同数字时，通常读成double尤其是当这两个数处在同一组时，较长的号码可以两个或三个数字为一组按节奏读出，如：

13901834567 读作one three nine//o one eight//three four five//six seven

345—6638读作：three four five，double six three eight

307—4922读作：three oh seven，four nine double two

而美式则读成：three zero seven，four nine two two

但如果相同的两个数不在同一组，则可以有两种读法。

例如：62899033即可读成six two eight double nine oh double three，也可读作six two eight nine nine oh double three，但99033绝不可读作nine nine oh three three。

相反，在遇到号码中数字相同时，美式则一律重复念出该数字。但英式有一例外，英国的紧急电话999却总读成nine，nine，nine。

(2)温度

表示温度有华氏(Fahrenheit)和摄氏(Centigrade)两种。英美均使用华氏作为温度的计量单位。摄氏用法现已日渐普及。

15℃读作：fifteen degrees Centigrade(或Celsius)

32℉读作：thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit

0℃读作：nought degrees Centigrade

-5℃读作：five degrees below zero

(3)门牌号

门牌号遇三位数分别读出各数字，遇四位数时则分成两半来读。例如：

Room 302读作：Room three o two/three zero two

3491 King Street读作：thirty-four ninety-one King Street

第344房间 读作：Room three four four

6. 年代的读法：英语年代的读法和汉语不同，不是一个个数字分开读，而是以“百”为一个单位读，如：

329B.C.读作：three hundred(and)twenty-nine B.C.

1800 读作：eighteen hundred

1492 读作：fourteen ninety-two

1503 读作：fifteen o three

1949 读作：nineteen forty-nine 在正式场合使用nineteen hundred and forty-nine的读法

读作：two thousand

读作：two thousand and two或twenty o two

1800 读作：eighteen hundred

1701 读作：seventeen oh one 或 seveteen hundred and one

年代指十年(decade)，采用“基数词加上十位数复数”的形式来表示，前面与介词“in”和定冠词“the”搭配。

in the 1840's 读作：in the eighteen fourties (十九世纪四十年代)

in the 1950's 读作：in the nineteen fifties(二十世纪五十年代)

in the '60's 读作：in the sixties(本世纪六十年代)

如要表示一个年代的初期、中期、末期， 可在年代前分别加“early，mid，late”。如：in the early 1770's;in the late 1590's。

世纪指一百年(century)，用“the+序数词+century”表示。

in the 2nd century 在二世纪

in the mid 13th century 在十三世纪中叶

7. 时间的表达法

表达时间的方法有三种，其中最为普遍的一种是先说分，再加介词“past”或“to”，然后说小时。若分数为15分、30分、45分，则用“quarter”、“half”代替具体的分数。习惯上， 分数在30分以内，用“past”，如过了30分，用“to”。美国英语中，常用“after ”代替“past”，用“before”(或till)代替“ to”。

Examples：

8:00 读作：eight o'clock或eight

9:15 读作：a quarter past nine(英式) 或 a quarter after nine(美式)

11:30 读作：half past eleven(英式) 或 eleven thirty(美式)

7:50 读作：ten to eight(英式) 或 ten before eight(美式)

表达时间的另一种方法是不用介词，先说小时数，再说分数。这种表达法多用于与汽车、火车、轮船、飞 机等相关的情境中，如发车时间、到站时间等。

Examples：

4:30 p.m. 读作：four-thirty p.m.

5:45 p.m. 读作：five-fourty-five p.m.

最后一种方法是日常生活中最不常用的24小时制。如：用14:15 (fourteen-fifteen)代替2:15 p.m，用23:05(twenty-three-oh-five)代替11:05 p.m.。这种用法主要出现在官方的时刻表上和之声的正式报时中。

当用于军事命令和旅行时间表时，其读法如下：

07：00 (Oh)seven hundred hours=7：00a.m.

09：15 (Oh) nine fifteen=9：15a.m.

12：00 twelve hundred hours=midday/noon

13：45 thirteen forty-five-1：45p.m.

19：00 nineteen hundred hours：7：OOp.m.

23：05 twenty-three(Oh)five--11：05p.m.

24：00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnight

24：10 twenty-fourten’ten past midnight

8. 算术式的读法：

2+3=5 Two plus three is (equals, is equal to)five.

5-3=2 Five minus three is equal to two.

3×2=6 Three times two is six.or Three by two is six.

9÷3=3 Nine divided by three makes three.

9. 听懂美国和英国的货币说法：

美国货币

美国货币由美元dollar和美分cent组成，one dollar等于100 cents。其纸币bill有一、二、五、十、二十、五十和一百美元等面值;硬币(coin)有一美分(或a penny)、五美分(或a nickel)、十美分(或a dime)和二十五美分(或a quarter)等。在数字前加$表示美元，如：$500表示五百美元;在数字后加C表示美分，如：50C表示50美分;表示由美元和美分组成的钱数时，常用$表示，如：$6.50。

英国货币

英国货币由英镑(pound)和便士(pence)组成，也分为纸币notes和硬币coins。纸币有面值五镑、十镑、二十镑和五十镑;而硬币，即金属货币有一便士、二便士、五便士、十便士、二十便士、五十便士和一镑等。随身带的硬币可用change表示。100 pence等于1 pound。在数字前加￡表示多少英镑，如：￡800为800英镑;在数字后加P表示多少便士，如：5P表示五便士(penny的复数);表示由英镑和便士组成的钱数时通常不说出pence，如3镑50便士可说成￡3.50或three pounds and fifty。

II. 记录数字的常见方法

由于英汉两种语言计数方法具有很大的差异性，因此，译员在短时间而且压力很大的情况下，要记住并且准确无误地译出讲话人所表达的数字不是一件很容易的事情，况且数字又是听众比较关注的信息。那么，译员如何能够做到在时间短、压力大的情况下准确无误地记住数字并且准确无误地用目标语表达出来呢?以下是几种常见的数字的翻译方法。

1. 公式记录法

(1)以汉语数字的关键计数点为出发点的公式

一万 10 thousand 一亿 100 million

十万 100 thousand 十亿 1 billion

百万 1 million 百亿 10 billion

千万 10 million 千亿 100 billion

万亿 1 trillion

(2) 以英语数字的关键计数点为出发点的公式：

1 thousand = 千 1 million = 百万 1 billion =十亿

10 thousand = 万 10 million = 千万 10 billion =百亿

100 thousand = 十万 100 million = 亿 100 billion =千亿

1 thrillion =万亿

2. 填空记录法

初学口译的人在练习数字口译时，可以使用填空记录法。根据英汉两种语言在数位上的差异，译员可以准备专门用于记录数字的纸张，事先在纸上标明英汉两种语言各个位数，也可以事先在笔记本的页面下端分出一块来做好“标尺”以标明英汉两种语言各个位数。具体方法如下：

b, m, th,

十亿 亿 千万 百万， 十万 万 千， 百十个

英译汉时，可以将数字填在标尺的上方，汉译英时，可以将数字填在标尺的下方，然后对照标尺上相应的位数的位置用另一种语言读出数字即可。如：

英译汉

听到英语Seventy-three billion ninety-six million four hundred and twelve thousand five hundred and eleven,可以如下所示记录：

73 096 412 511

b, m, th,

十亿 亿 千万 百万， 十万 万 千， 百十个

读出汉语：七百三十亿九千六百四十一万二千五百一十一

汉译英：

听到汉语：六十亿三千三百零五万七千零三十

b, m, th,

十亿 亿 千万 百万， 十万 万 千， 百十个

6 0 3 3 0 5 7 030

读出英语：six billion thirty-three million fifty-seven thousand and thirty

3. “点三杠四”记录法

即用逗号(，)表示三位数，便于英语表达，用斜杠(/)表示四位数，便于汉语表达：

727 七百二十七 Seven hundred twenty-seven (in AmE); Seven hundred and twenty-seven (in BrE);

2,003 二千零三 Two thousand three (in AmE); Two thousand and three (in BrE);

1,97/4,727 一百九十七万四千七百二十七 One million, nine hundred (and) seventy-four thousand seven hundred (and) twenty-seven

1,1/75,00/0,000 十一亿七千五百万 One billion, one hundred seventy-five million (in AmE)

45,0/00,00/0,000 四百五十亿 Forty-five billion

点三杠四、缺位补零法

(1)“点三杠四法”是根据英汉两种语言数字分节方法的不同而专门设计的。英文数字是三位一节，汉语数字是四位一节。英文数字以逗点从右至左每三位一点，汉语数字以斜杠从右至左每四位一划。在翻译时转换过程如下：

汉译英：

a. 听到汉语数字：“十五亿三千九百八十七万六千三百二十一”

b. 在笔记上记下：“15亿3987万6321”

c. 从右至左按英语计数方式三位一点：“1,5亿39,87万6,321”

d. 在每个逗点下方标记英文计数单位：“1,b5亿39,m87万6,th321”

e. 读出英文: “one billion five hundred thirty-nine million eight hundred seventy-six thousand three hundred and twenty-one”

英译汉：

a. 听到英文数字：“thirty-six million seven hundred twenty-four thousand six hundred and thirty-one”

b. 在笔记上记下: “36m724th631”

c. 从左至右按汉语计数方式每四位一划: “36m72/4th631”

d. 在每个斜线下标出汉语计数单位：“36m72/万4th631”

e. 读出汉语: “ 三千六百七十二万四千六百三十一”

(2) 缺位补零法是针对数字中有空位的情况下而设计的。

如上例中，假如每一位上都有数字，那么翻译时直接使用“点三杠四”法即可。但如果某些数位为零时，情况就要复杂一些。首先要注意数字中是否有零数位，有几个零数位，然后及时补零。此时就要注意汉语数字是以“千”位起始的四位一节，而英语数字是以hundred (百位)起始的三位一节。在翻译时转换过程如下：

汉译英：

a. 听到汉语数字：“六亿零五十八万零三十六”

b. 在笔记上记下：“6亿58万36”

c. 按照汉语数字每节四位的特点从右至左补零：“6亿0058万0036”

d. 从右至左按英语计数方式三位一点：“6亿00,58万0,036”

e. 在每个逗点下方标记英文计数单位：“6亿00,m58万0,th036”

f. 读出英文：“six hundred million five hundred eighty thousand and thirty-six”

英译汉：

a. 听到英文数字：“one hundred billion thirty-six million seven thousand and forty-one”

b. 在笔记中记下：“100b36m7th41”

c. 按照英语数字每节三位的特点从右至左补零：“100b036m007th041”

d. 从左至右按汉语计数方式每四位一划：“100b0/36m00/7th041”

e. 在每个斜线下标出汉语计数单位：“100b0/亿36m00/万7th041”

f. 读出汉语：“一千亿三千六百万七千零四十一”

4. 分节号记录法

这种记录法特别适用于英译汉，因为英语数字表达的特点是三位一节，从千位开始每一节换一个单位，并且在书面形式上用逗号隔开。译员在听到英语数字时，可以迅速根据其节数分档，将数字放到相应的档位，用分节号表示单位。例如：

如“千”用一个分节号“,”表示;“百万”用两个分节号“,,”表示,“十亿”用三个分节号“,,,”表示。分节号可以标在数字的右下方或左上角。按照此法

“five thousand two hundred”可记录为“5,2”,

“seven million”,可记录为“7,,”

“one billion three hundred and twenty million”可记录为“1,,,320,,”。

此法的缺点是需要译员牢记规则,否则容易出错。

5. 小数点法

该法主要用小数点将较大或较复杂的数字转化成单位较少、相对简单的数字。如“八百三十四万两千”可记录成“8.342 M”;又如“九亿七千万”可记录成“0.97 B”。“三十二亿六千五百万”记录为“3.265 B”。此法适合于多位整数的口译。

翻译考试catti一级口译练习

10月11日商务部例行新闻发布会

Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of Commerce on October 11,

各位记者朋友，大家下午好，欢迎大家参加商务部例行新闻发布会。今天我没有需要主动向大家进行通报的信息。下面我愿意回答记者朋友们提出的问题。

Dear friends from the press, good afternoon. Welcome to the regular press conference. Since I don’t have announcements to make today, we can proceed directly to Q&A. The floor is open.

中新社记者：我们注意到美墨加贸易协定里面包含毒丸条款，和美国签署贸易协定的国家就不能和其他“非市场经济国家”再签署贸易协定。有分析认为，这一条款可能在美欧贸易协定和美日贸易协定之中得到复制，使中国被边缘化，请问商务部对此有何回应，中方将如何应对?

China News Service: We have noticed that the US-Mexico-Canada Trade Agreement includes the “poison pill” article: the countries that have signed a free trade deal with the US would not be able to sign deals with a “non-market country”. Some analysts believe that such an article may be replicated in the trade deals between the US and the EU or the US and Japan to marginalize China. What is MOFCOM’s response to that and how will China respond?

高峰：关于所谓的“非市场经济国家”的问题，中方多次强调，在世贸组织多边贸易规则中，没有关于“非市场经济国家”的条款，其仅存在于个别成员的国内法中。中方反对将一国国内法凌驾于国际法之上、将一国意愿强加于人的做法。

Gao Feng: Regarding the so-called “nonmarket country”, China has stressed many times that there is no such an article of “nonmarket country” in WTO multilateral rules. It only exists in the domestic laws of individual countries. China opposes the practice of placing a country’s domestic law above the international law and forcing one country’s will on others.

对于美墨加贸易协定的有关内容，中方认为，一个国家应当在相互尊重、平等协商、互利共赢的原则基础上，凭借市场潜力、政策环境等要素，吸引贸易伙伴。建立自贸区的目的是便利成员间的贸易，应该秉持开放包容的原则，不应该限制其他成员的对外关系能力，不应该搞排他主义。

As for the relevant parts of the US-Mexico-Canada Trade Agreement, China believes that a country should attract its trading partners based on market potential and policy environment by following the principles of mutual respect, equal consultation, mutual benefit and win-win results. The aim of FTA is to facilitate trade between members. One should uphold the principle of openness and inclusivity instead of limiting foreign relations of other members or pursuing exclusionism.

我们相信每个经济体都有发展对外经贸关系的自主权，也会根据互利共赢的合作需要，重视与中国的经贸关系。谢谢!

We believe that all economies have the autonomy to develop their foreign business relations and will value their commercial relations with China based on their needs for mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation. Thank you.

中国国际电视台CGTN记者：最近我们看到美国领导人发表对华政策的演讲，其中说到中国的经济快速发展是得益于美国的投资，但是中国反过来却采取了一些有违自由和公平贸易的一些政策武器对美国进行经济侵略，其中还列举中国使用一些关税政策、操纵汇率、强制性进行技术转让、盗取知识产权等等。请问中方对此有何回应?

CGTN: We have recently seen the speech by a US leader on the China policy. The speech mentioned that much of fast economic growth in China was driven by American investment. However, it also stated that China has also used an arsenal of policies inconsistent with free and fair trade for economic invasion against the US, including tariffs, currency manipulation, forced technology transfer and intellectual property theft. What is China’s response to that?

高峰：美国领导人的言论罔顾中美经贸合作的事实，是在混淆视听。根据中方的统计，自1987年我国有外资统计以来，中国累计实际利用外资20026亿美元，其中美国对华投资813.6亿美元，占到4.06%。我们不否认美国投资对中国经济发展的贡献，但是中国的发展，归根结底还是中国不断推进改革开放、靠中国人民自己的奋斗干出来的。

Gao Feng: The comments of the US leader ignore the facts of China-US business cooperation and are merely misleading the public. According to Chinese statistics, since 1987 when China started collecting statistics on foreign investment, China’s cumulative paid-in foreign investment reached US$2002.6 billion, including US$81.36 billion from the US, or 4.06% of the total. We do not deny the contribution of US investment to Chinese economic growth. However, China’s development is ultimately the result of China’s constant reform and opening up and the hard work of the Chinese people.

改革开放以来，中国的对外经贸合作始终坚持互利共赢的原则，不断向世界开放市场，中国经济积极融入全球经济体系。我们从来没有、永远也不会搞所谓的“经济侵略”。相反，我们希望与所有经贸合作伙伴共享机遇，共同发展，共同构建开放型世界经济，共同推动全球经济增长。根据国际货币基金组织的统计，自以来，中国对世界经济增长的年均贡献率超过了30%。根据世贸组织的统计，自至20，中国货物贸易进口占全球进口总额的比重由3.8%增加到10.2%，服务贸易进口比重由2.7%增加到9.1%。中国对全球经济贸易增长的贡献有目共睹。

Since the reform and opening up, China has always been committed to the mutually beneficial and win-win principles in its foreign business cooperation and constantly opened its market to the world. The Chinese economy is actively integrating into the global economic system. We have never pursued the so-called economic invasion, and will never do so. On the contrary, we hope to share opportunities and pursue common development with all commercial partners to jointly build an open world economy and promote global economic growth. According to IMF statistics, since , China’s average contribution rate to world economic growth has exceeded 30%. According to WTO statistics, from to 2017, the share of China’s imported goods in global total increased from 3.8% to 10.2% and that of imported services from 2.7% to 9.1%. China’s contribution to global economic and trade growth is clear to all.

关于美方提到的所谓与自由和公平贸易不相符的政策工具，中方的观点已经非常清楚，我们始终恪守世贸组织的基本原则和规则，为全球贸易自由化便利化做出了中国的贡献。希望美方不要为推行单边主义和保护主义寻找借口，应该以建设性的方式，采取务实的举措，真正维护中美经贸合作的良性发展，维护全球经济复苏的势头。谢谢!

As for the so-called policy tools inconsistent with free and fair trade mentioned by the US, China’s views are already very clear. We have always abided by the basic principles and rules of the WTO and have made our contribution to global trade liberalization and facilitation. We hope that the US would not find excuses for unilateralism and protectionism and should take practical measures constructively to genuinely safeguard the sound development of China-US business cooperation and the momentum of global economic growth. Thank you.

俄通塔斯社记者：中美经贸摩擦对世界所有国家带来了非常不好的后果，中美需要用什么样的措施才能把双方经贸关系提升到以前的水平，中方有没有什么好方法?双方经贸摩擦会不会变成政治矛盾的状态?

ITAR-TASS: China-US trade frictions have had adverse impact on countries around the world. What measures do China and the US need to take to restore bilateral commercial relations to the previous level? What solutions does China have? Will economic and trade frictions turn into political conflicts?

高峰：正如你所说，中美作为全球最大的两个经济体，经贸摩擦不仅给两国、而且给全世界都带来了不利的影响。现在最好的方法，就是双方都能充分展示诚意，相互尊重，在平等、诚信的基础上展开对话与磋商。我们相信，只要双方有诚意积极合作，管控分歧，就能够找到办法，使双边经贸关系保持在合作的轨道上。谢谢!

Gao Feng: Like you said, the trade frictions between China and the US, the world’s two biggest economies, have brought negative impact on not only the two countries, but also the entire world. The best way out is for both sides to fully show goodwill and mutual respect and have conversations and consultations based on equality and credibility. We believe that as long as the two sides are sincere about active cooperation and manage their differences, ways can be found to keep bilateral trade and economic relations on the track of cooperation. Thank you.

新华社记者：我们注意到美国领导人近期表态称，为了让中国更大程度的开放市场，他们近期可能会采取更加强硬的态势，除非双方达成所谓的公正和对等的协议，否则他们可能会加征更多的关税，并且这个数字可能会大幅增长一倍以上，而且他们还威胁会对中国剩下的2670亿输美商品加征关税，并且美国认为这是他们美国力量的一种表现，已经对中国市场产生了影响，请问发言人对此如何回应?

Xinhua News Agency: We’ve noted the remarks by US leaders of late that in order to have China open wider, they might take a tougher stance these days. Unless the two sides reach a so-called just and reciprocal agreement, they might impose more tariffs, which could more than double. They also threatened levies on the remaining US$267 billion worth of Chinese goods and believe that to be a show of strength of the US already having an impact on the Chinese market. What is your reaction to that?

高峰：中方多次强调，美方的霸凌主义、极限施压的做法，对中国不起作用。可能美国对于运用所谓自身实力干预别国经济的做法已经习以为常，但我们不认为升级贸易摩擦有助于双方分歧的解决。同时，从总体上看，中国经济稳中向好、稳中有进的态势没有改变，新动能正在加快成长，正在迈向高质量发展。

Gao Feng: China has emphasized many times that US bullyism and extreme pressuring doesn’t work with China. The US may be used to using its so-called strength to interfere into others’ economy, but we don’t think that escalating trade tensions can help resolve our differences. Meanwhile, overall, the Chinese economy’s improving and progressing momentum amidst stability hasn’t changed. New dynamics are forming more rapidly towards quality development.

希望美方不要误判形势，停止单边主义和贸易保护主义的做法，回到互利共赢的合作轨道上来，在平等、诚信、互相尊重的基础上，通过对话和磋商解决双边经贸分歧。谢谢!

It is hoped that the US will not misjudge the situation and stop unilateralist and trade protectionist practices and return to the track of mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation to address trade and economic differences through dialogue and consultation based on equality, credibility and mutual respect. Thank you.

环球时报英文版记者：美国领导人此前发表演讲，声称中国政府对美方采取的强硬立场回应恶劣，不仅通过打击总统票仓等方式干涉美国内政和选举，还试图影响美国商界领袖以威胁的方式鼓励他们谴责美国贸易行为，请问我方对此如何回应?

Global Times English Version: In a speech the other day, a US leader alleged that China has reacted badly to the tough US position, including interfering in US domestic politics and elections by hitting the base of the President and influencing US business leaders by coercion to encourage them to condemn US trade acts. What’s China’s response?

高峰：此次中美经贸摩擦的过程，我想大家都十分清楚。中方始终希望维护中美经贸合作的大局，不愿意打贸易战。但是美方挑起并不断升级贸易摩擦，为了捍卫自身利益，维护多边贸易体制和全球自由贸易秩序，中方不得不作出反制，措施是理性、克制的。我们只是为了维护自身正当权益，无意干涉美国内政。

Gao Feng: I believe that the evolution of the trade tension is well known to all. China has all along wanted to maintain the large picture of China-US economic and trade cooperation and doesn’t want a trade war. But the US started and has continuously escalated the trade frictions. In order to defend its own interests and the multilateral trading system and global free trade order, China has to counteract with rational and restrained measures. We are only defending our legitimate interests and have no intention to meddle in US domestic politics.

关于试图影响美国商界领袖的指责，中国对于美国的企业和企业家始终是欢迎的，我相信他们自有评判。据我们了解，倒是有不少美国商界领袖不赞成对中国产品加征关税的措施，但因为忌惮美国政府的打压，现在不敢发声。我不知道美国政府是不是采取了什么威胁的方式。

As for the accusation about China’s trying to influence US business leaders, China welcomes US companies and business leaders. I believe they have their own judgments. To our understanding, many US business leaders who are against the tariff measures on Chinese goods dare not speak out for fear of punishment by the US government. I don’t know whether the US government has made certain threats.

我想再次重申，中方维护中美经贸关系健康发展的初衷没有改变，捍卫自身正当权益的决心也不会改变。谢谢!

I want to reiterate that China’s original goal of maintaining the healthy development of Sino-US commercial relations hasn’t changed. Nor will its resolve to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests. Thank you.

中国日报社记者：我们注意到美国领导人在讲话中还称，竞争并不总是意味着敌意，也不是必须的，美方希望与北京建立起建设性的关系，而不是分道扬镳，尽管中方一直在进一步偏离这一愿景，但依然可以改变路线，希望中方回归到几十年前两国关系建立时的改革开放精神，请问中方对此如何回应?

China Daily: We’ve noted that the US leader also said in the speech that competition doesn’t necessarily mean hostility. The US wishes to establish a constructive relationship with Beijing and doesn’t want a breakup. Though China has been diverging further away from the vision, it can still change path and return to the reform and opening-up spirit of decades ago when the two countries forged diplomatic ties. What’s China’s reaction?

高峰：近期美国领导人和不同层级的官员多次提到中美竞争的问题。作为全球前两大经济体，存在一定程度的竞争是正常的。但是，无论是中美建交以来的历史还是现实都表明，中美之间有着更大的合作需求。建交40年来，中美经贸关系虽然经历波折，但双方都能够通过对话与磋商妥善解决分歧，始终坚持合作共赢的本质，保持前行。

Gao Feng: Recently, US leaders and officials of various levels mentioned China-US competition several times. It is normal for the world’s two largest economies to have a certain degree of competition. That said, both the history since we established diplomatic relations and realities show that China and the US have greater need for cooperation. In the past 40 years since we forged diplomatic ties, despite the ups and downs in bilateral trade and economic ties, China and the US are able to resolve differences through conversations and consultations and keep moving ahead along the line of cooperation and win-win.

在处理此次经贸摩擦的过程中，中方始终采取建设性的态度，是美方出尔反尔，缺乏诚信，采取不断升级贸易摩擦的举措，影响中美经贸合作的正常发展。

In dealing with this round of trade and economic frictions, China has stuck to a constructive approach, whereas the US goes back on its words, lacks credit and takes measures to escalate trade frictions, affecting the normal development of China-US trade and economic cooperation.

今年是中国改革开放40周年。我们将继续坚持对外开放的基本国策，坚持打开国门搞建设，推动中国经济在开放条件下向高质量发展。希望美方能够真正采取建设性的举措，推动中美经贸合作向更高水平发展。谢谢!

This year marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up. We’ll keep the basic state policy of opening up and open door for nation building to push the Chinese economy towards quality development in an open condition. It is hoped that the US can take genuinely constructive measures to promote higher levels of China-US commercial cooperation. Thank you.

中央电视台中文国际记者：刚刚公布的《关于中美经贸摩擦的事实与中方立场》白皮书中称，中国愿意在平等、互利的前提下，与美国重启双边贸易协定谈判，适时启动双边自贸协定谈判，请问发言人这一点是否已经与美方确认，并获得反馈?

CCTV-4: The just published white paper of Facts and China’s Position on China-US Trade Friction indicates that China would like to restart bilateral trade negotiations with the US on condition of equality and mutual benefit and launch bilateral FTA negotiations at an appropriate time. Have you confirmed with the US and received feedback?

高峰：中方对两国重启双边投资协定谈判、适时启动双边自贸协定谈判持开放态度，但遗憾的是，美方一直未展示诚意。希望美方以建设性的态度，本着合作的精神，与中方共同探讨推进合作、化解分歧的适当路径，促进双边经贸关系健康稳定发展。谢谢!

Gao Feng: China is open to the relaunch of BIT talks and timely start of bilateral FTA negotiations. But unfortunately, the US is yet to show goodwill. It is hoped that the US will work with China to explore right ways to advance cooperation and resolve differences in a constructive manner and cooperative spirit to promote the healthy and steady development of bilateral trade and economic relations. Thank you.

第一财经日报记者：最近美墨加、美韩自贸协定谈判都取得了一些进展，美日谈判也有开启的意向，欧盟提出WTO的改革方案，请问这些文本，中方是否有过研究和分析，这些进展对中国带来哪些影响?中国将如何应对目前国际经济和贸易体制的改变迹象。

CBN: Recently, the UMC and Korus FTA negotiations both made progress. US-Japan FTA talks are also showing signs of a start. The EU has tabled a WTO reform proposal. Has China studied and analyzed these texts? How will these developments affect China? How will China deal with the emerging changes in the international economy and trading system?

高峰：我们注意到近期在多双边经贸合作机制建设方面，国际上出现了一些新的动向。

Gao Feng: We’ve noted some new developments in the mechanism building of bilateral and multilateral trade and economic cooperation.

对于外部环境发生的变化，无论对中国带来什么影响，最主要的是我们要走好自己的路，做好自己的事，继续推进供给侧结构性改革，不断优化区域结构、产业结构、产品结构，推动中国经济向高质量发展。

No matter how changing external environment affects China, the key is to follow our own path and attend our business by continuously advancing supply-side structural reform, optimizing regional, industrial and product structures and push the Chinese economy towards quality development.

同时，中国始终并仍将是国际贸易体制的积极参与者和重要建设者，中方将继续坚定地支持贸易自由化便利化，坚定地支持多边贸易体制，与贸易伙伴一道，共同推进全球贸易体制向更加公平合理的方向发展，共同促进全球经济的增长。谢谢!

At the same time, China has been and will always be an active player and key contributor of the international trading system. China will remain committed to trade liberalization and facilitation and continue to champion the multilateral trading system. We’ll work with our trading partners to jointly steer the global trading system towards more fair and reasonable development for global economic growth. Thank you.

中国国际广播电台记者：近期李克强总理将出访荷兰，请问发言人能否介绍一下近年来中国与荷兰的经贸状况?

CRI: Premier Li Keqiang will soon be visiting the Netherlands. Could you please share some information on China-Netherlands trade and economic ties in recent years?

高峰：近年来，在中国和荷兰两国领导人的共同引领之下，中荷关系进入历史最好时期，“做大做实开放务实的全面合作伙伴关系”成为两国的共识，引领两国关系不断健康稳定发展。

Gao Feng: In recent years, under the guidance of Chinese and Dutch leaders, China-Netherlands relations are now as good as never before. The two sides reached consensus on expanding and strengthening their comprehensive cooperative partnership that features openness and pragmatism, which lends continuous impetus to the sound and stable development of their bilateral relations.

目前，中荷双边经贸合作进入“快车道”，合作潜力进一步释放。一是双边贸易保持高位运行。2017年中荷货物贸易额达到784亿美元，创历史新高，比上年增长了16%。今年1—8月，双边货物贸易额达到547亿美元，同比增长13%。目前，荷兰是我国在欧盟内第二大贸易伙伴，我是荷兰在欧盟外第二大贸易伙伴。二是双向投资快速增加，两国投资合作进入了新的阶段。荷兰是我国在欧盟内重要的外资来源地和直接投资目的地。截至208月，荷兰在华实际投资金额达到190亿美元，截至2017年底，我对荷兰直接投资存量达到185亿美元。双方在农业、创新、节能环保、高技术等领域有着广阔的合作前景。

Now, China-Netherlands bilateral trade and economic cooperation has entered the fast track, unlocking new potential for cooperation. First, bilateral trade maintains high-speed growth. In 2017, China-Netherlands trade in goods amounted to US$78.4 billion, up by 16% compared with the previous year, hitting a record high. In the first eight months of this year, bilateral trade in goods reached US$54.7 billion, up by 13% year on year. Now, Netherlands is China’s second largest trading partner in the EU and China is Netherlands’ second largest trading partner outside the EU. Second, two-way investment grows fast. Bilateral investment cooperation has entered a new stage. For China, the Netherlands is an important source of foreign investment and ODI destination in the EU. By August 2018, the Netherlands’ paid-in investment in China reached US$19 billion. By the end of 2017, China’s outstanding direct investment in the Netherlands reached US$18.5 billion. The two countries have a broad prospect for cooperation on agriculture, innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection and high technology, among others.

中方愿意与荷方一道，继续深化“一带一路”国际合作，利用中国国际进口博览会等平台扩大双边贸易，促进相互投资，加强第三方市场合作，特别是深挖高技术贸易领域的合作潜力，推动双边经贸合作再上新的台阶。谢谢!

China stands ready to work with the Netherlands to further deepen international cooperation under the Belt and Road initiative. We are ready to make the most of platforms like the China International Import Expo to expand bilateral trade, promote two-way investment, strengthen cooperation in third markets and in particular, dig deep into our cooperation potential in hi-tech trade to bring bilateral commercial cooperation onto a new level. Thank you.

上海证券报记者：我们知道市场采购是贸易新业态的表现形式之一，请问商务部目前市场采购发展的情况如何，未来会不会增加市场采购的试点?

Shanghai Securities News: As we know, mart procurement is a new form of trade. Could you share some information about its development? Will there be more pilot marts in the future?

高峰：经国务院批准，自20以来，商务部会同有关部门先后三批在浙江、江苏、河北等地方的8家市场开展市场采购贸易方式试点，在业务流程、监管方式、信息化建设等方面先行先试，实现了增值税免征不退、简化归类申报等四方面政策突破，明确了“一划定、三备案、一联网”的管理机制，建立了“信息共享、部门联动、风险可控、源头可溯”的商品认定体系和知识产权保护体系，基本实现了“源头可溯、责任可究、风险可控”的管理目标。实践证明，市场采购贸易方式试点激发了市场主体活力，扩大了市场规模，提升了国际化水平，推动了外贸增长，取得了积极成效。根据中国海关统计，2017年和今年的前8个月，全国市场采购贸易出口额分别同比增长54.2%、71%，明显高于同期全国的总体出口增速。

Gao Feng: As approved by the State Council, MOFCOM, together with related departments, has carried out 3 batches of pilot mart procurement projects at eight marts in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei and other provinces since 2013. We have been exploring and trying out new approaches in terms of administrative procedures, regulation methods and IT application. We have made policy breakthroughs in four aspects, including VAT exemption and simplified and classified customs declaration. We have set up an administrative mechanism, which designates the area of a pilot mart, requires the record filing of suppliers, purchasers and foreign trade businesses and provides a platform for information sharing. We have put in place a commodity recognition system and an IPR protection system that feature information sharing, departmental coordination, risks control and product traceability, basically realizing the administrative goal of source traceability, accountability and risks control. It is proved that pilot mart procurement projects have tapped into market entities’ vitality, expanded market scale, improved the internationalization level, promoted foreign trade growth and made satisfactory progress. According to China’s customs statistics, nationwide export through mart procurement trade in 2017 and the first eight months of 2018 grew by 54.2% and 71% year on year, respectively, remarkably higher than China’s overall export growth rate in the same time period.

今年9月28日，商务部会同有关部门在浙江、福建、湖南、广东、四川等地的六家市场开展第四批的市场采购贸易方式试点。下一步，商务部等7个部门将继续抓紧推进试点工作，通过制度创新、管理创新、服务创新和协同发展，进一步形成可复制、可推广的经验，促进我国外贸的创新发展。谢谢!

On September 28, 2018, MOFCOM, together with related departments, implemented the fourth batches of pilot mart procurement projects at six marts in Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan and other provinces. Going forward, MOFCOM and six other departments will further step up the implementation, develop more replicable practices through institutional, administrative and services innovation as well as coordinated development to promote the innovative development of China’s foreign trade. Thank you.

经济参考报记者：我们知道第124届广交会即将在广州开幕，请问发言人能否介绍一下相关的情况。

Economic Information Daily: The 124th session of the Canton Fair will soon be held in Guangzhou. Could you please tell us something about it?

高峰：今年是我国改革开放40周年。作为对外开放的重要窗口，61年来，广交会服务国家改革开放和社会主义现代化建设，坚持服务国内外企业，为我国的对外开放和经济社会发展发挥了积极的作用。

Gao Feng: This year marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up. As an important window for opening up, during the past 61 years, the Canton Fair has contributed to China’s reform and opening up, its socialist modernization drive and the development of Chinese and foreign businesses and played a positive role in China’s reform and opening up as well as its economic and social development.

第124届广交会即将于10月15日开幕。本届广交会继续创新办会，提升专业化、国际化、市场化和信息化水平，坚持扶优扶强，支持企业开拓多元化市场，展览面积达到118.5万平米，展位总数60645个，境内外参展企业超过25000家，主要有以下几个特点：

The 124th session of the Canton Fair will be opened on October 15. This year’s session will be innovative as always. It will be more professional, internationalized and market-oriented and go further in IT application. We will support businesses, in particular competitive ones, in exploring a more diversified market. The Fair will cover an area as big as 1.185 million square meters and provide 60,645 exhibition booths. Over 25,000 businesses from home and abroad will participate in the Fair. There are several highlights:

一是专业化水平进一步提高。品牌展位进一步增加，较上一次品牌展位评审增长了3.2%，企业达到2297家;结构继续优化，既保留了一批发展稳定、实力较强的老品牌企业，又吸纳了一批新兴企业，品牌企业的示范作用进一步增强。

First, the Fair will be more professional. 2,297 businesses will exhibit their products in the brand name areas, up by 3.2% compared with the figure of the last brand name booth review. The structure will be further optimized. This year’s session will be participated by both competitive traditional brands that enjoy stable development and a batch of emerging businesses. We will see better role models in these businesses.

二是展区的结构进一步优化。扩大了家电、餐厨、家居等展区，设置多功能的展览现场活动区域，在各展区深入推进展品的专业化分区。

Second, structure of the exhibition area will be further optimized. We have expanded the area for home appliances, kitchenware and tableware, as well as household items. We will set a multifunctional area for onsite activities and further classify products in different areas.

三是继续提升多功能综合平台作用。通过智慧广交会的建设，打造智慧服务、预展平台、供采对接、广交会认证、企业推广、智慧商旅六大核心业务模式，全面提升全渠道、一站式、线上线下同步服务的水平。为展客商提供涵盖展前、展中、展后的智能化、全天候的外贸促进平台。

Third, we continue to enhance the Fair’s role as a comprehensive multifunctional platform. With our plan to hold a smart Canton Fair, we will provide six major services, including smart services, pre-exhibition platforms, suppliers-purchasers matchmaking, Canton Fair recognition, brand promotion and smart business travelling. We will improve our all-channel, one-stop, synchronized online and offline services. We will provide exhibitors and purchasers with a smart, all-weather foreign trade-promotion platform before, during and after the Fair.

四是论坛的功能进一步加强。本届广交会将举办20场高品质会议论坛，比如将在第一期举办广交会国际贸易发展论坛，第三期举办中国对外贸易形势报告(2018年秋季)解读发布会等等，为展客商提供更多的思想交流平台。谢谢!

Fourth, we will strengthen the function of forums. This year, we will hold 20 high-quality meetings and forums, such as the Canton Fair International Development Forum in Phase 1 and a press conference to interpret the Report on China’s Foreign Trade (Autumn 2018) in Phase 3. We wish to provide exhibitors and purchasers with more platforms for exchanges. Thank you.

今天的发布会到此结束。谢谢大家!

This is the end of today’s press conference. Thank you.

英语翻译资格考试口译技巧数字表达

篇6：英语翻译技巧：口译练习可以这样做

英语翻译技巧：口译练习可以这样做

01

在交替传译中，要求在形成译语阶段(formulation stage)之前就要完成理解源语阶段(comprehension stage)，即意义听辨(listening comprehension)环节。

意义听辨是口译当中最关键的一环，这一过程的完成程度直接决定了输出信息的准确性和完整性。那如何提高自己的意义听辨能力呢?听辨听辨，第一大关键在于听，对于口译学习来讲，听力水平一定不能差。

(1) 一般我们可以通过以下方式练习“听”：

· 对话复述

这一部分的材料可以找一些四六级的听力对话或者是托福听力，一般是二人对话一问一答。开始时或者是语速比较快的听力可以播放两遍，但慢慢要尝试只听一遍然后重复听力内容。注意在这一训练过程中不要记笔记，复述时尽量使用原文的词句，但重在听清楚表达出原文的意思。该方法主要训练的是理解能力以及瞬时记忆力。

· 故事复述

这一部分的材料需要找一些语速适中的小故事，比如可可英语和TED上面都可以找到的小故事，时长大概在3分钟左右。在进行故事复述时，我们可以记笔记，音频中间不要停顿，边听边记，听完一遍之后对故事进行复述。

(2)接下来我们就要训练“辨”：

“辨”的目的在于充分理解原文的逻辑结构，这一部分可以使用名人演讲或者是新闻报道。听完材料之后首先将材料分成几个层次，然后概括每一个层次的大意。然后对每一个层次进行细节补充。补充要求越细越好，尽量将内容补全。完成意义分层和细节补充之后，最后再对原文进行复述，这时候的复述要注意根据前面所分的层次进行，一定要注意逻辑结构。

02

在意义听辨之后，我们如何练习输出?

(1)影子跟读

影子跟读又称源语复述练习，是说在一边放音频，一边以比音频慢1-2秒的速度进行跟读。这一部分不要选择语速太快或者太慢的的材料，太快跟读时很难跟上会造成很大的心里压力，太慢则失去了练习同时进行耳听与口说的意义。

影子跟读的第二个目的则是练习语音语调，我们需要大量的跟读练习，模仿音频中的发音，语调，停顿等，训练出比较强的语感。

(2)模仿朗读

这部分推荐使用新闻、名人演讲、或者是影视台词等，模仿原文的语音语调，语速，停顿，连读、弱读等地方，与影子跟读一样，模仿朗读的目的也是为了“磨舌头”，训练脱口而出的语感同时也练习地道的发音。一篇文章需要读到与原文基本无异，并且通顺流畅不卡壳。

03

笔记法则

会议口译中的交替传译要求口译员能够听取长达五至十分钟连续不断的讲话，并运用良好的演讲技巧，完整、准确地译出其全部内容。一个人的大脑无法凭记忆完全记住如此长的时间内的内容，绝大多数话语至多在几秒钟后会从记忆中消失，被其他内容所取代。因此，我们就需要借助笔记来帮助我们，对我们的短期记忆进行补充和提示。

笔记的重点在于明了和简短，用符号或者是图案对一些较长的词句进行概括，以便在输出目的语的时候起到提示作用才是笔记的目的，而非记下所有词句。

04

如何提高我们的口译技能?

怎么才能知道自己口译哪里需要提升呢?对于练习材料肯定是需要练习-回听发现问题--再次练习-回听检查问题是否解决，不断练习，不断发现问题并且解决问题才能够提高口译水平，一份材料只练一次是达不到练习的效果的。

翻译资格考试中级口译复习讲义

汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字，英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况，可选择 vice, associate, assistant, deputy 等词。相对而言，vice 使用面较广，例如：

副总统(或大学副校长等)vice president

副主席(或系副主任等)vice chairman

副总理 vice premier

副部长 vice minister

副省长 vice governor

副市长 vice mayor

副领事 vice consul

副校长(中小学)vice principal

翻译资格考试中级口译复习讲义

行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的词表达，最为常用的英语词是 associate，例如：

副教授 associate professor

副研究员 associate research fellow

副主编 associate managing editor

副编审 associate senior editor

副审判长 associate judge

副研究馆员 associate research fellow of ... (e.g. library science)

副译审 associate senior translator

副主任医师 associate senior doctor

英语翻译

篇7：翻译考试笔译干货：广告英语翻译技巧

翻译考试笔译干货：广告英语翻译技巧

首先，我们一起来分析一下商务广告文体特点，主要有三个方面：

1. 用词特点

商务广告用词多具有通俗语体色彩，且词语多含有积极意义，英文广告词中多使用单音节词和合成词，使广告显得通俗活泼，给人留下深刻的印象。

如have, see, buy, come, get, make, give, keep, great, rich, fresh, new, crisp, top-quality, brand-new, home-made, fresh-tasting, first-class等，以及使用一些表示赞美的形容词，如well，clean，white，real，fresh，natural，big，great，bright，slim，soft， wholesome，improved等，

另外，广告为了产生一种幽默和诙谐的效果，有时故意使用一些非正式的语言，有的甚至使用了大量的俚语和非正式的词汇或创新词等。为了让读者对所宣传的产品有一个良好的印象，形容词和副词的比较级、最高级也常常在广告语篇中出现,如best, better, milder, 等。

iPhone6

[ Bigger than bigger ]

岂止于大

2. 句式特点

商务广告中句子长度一般都很短，结构简单，复合句少，并且大量使用省略句、祈使句、分离句和并列结构。

为了使广告更简洁明快，广告中使用最多的是祈使句和省略句。

广告的分离句是利用句号、破折号等将句子分隔成更短的结构。并列结构短促有力，易于理解，因而商务广告中并列结构使用频繁。

此外，商务广告还常借用谚语、成语和名言警句，这些都是日常生活中流传的一些固定佳句。

IBM

[No business too small, no problem too big.]

没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。

3. 语法特点

商务广告中动词词组非常简单，过去时出现的频率极低，基本上采用一般现在时，而且被动语态运用较少。

使用一般现在时，商品的特征在人们的眼中成为和一般自然规律一样的永久特征，这是其他各种时态所做不到的。

商务广告还使用大量的修辞手段，明喻、暗喻、拟人、双关、夸张等修辞手段在英汉广告语体中都被大量使用。

飘柔

Rejoice

[Start Ahead.]

成功之路，从头开始。

商务广告的翻译原则

1. 广告译文要充分体现广告的信息功能和劝说功能。

2. 要有美感。注意英汉语音、语义差异。

3. 广告翻译应遵循忠实、统一的原则。

4. 要考虑到文化差异，把握英汉广告翻译中的跨文化、跨语言因素，注意不同顾客群文化价值观、心理接受程度的差异。

商务广告的翻译方法

在翻译广告时，应根据具体广告的不同特点，结合目的语语言和文化的特点，准确、创造性地译成符合目的语读者理解、接受和喜爱的广告，以促进产品的销售。主要的商务广告翻译方法有：

1. 直译法

例如：

EBEL the architects of time.

“依贝尔”手表——时间的缔造者

2. 意译法

例如：

Ask for more

渴望无限(百事可乐)

3. 创译法

例如：

Bridging the distance

沟通无限 (电信公司)

4. 增补法

例如：

Everything you’ve heard is true.

真材料，真感受，真服务。 (汽车广告)

5. 浓缩法

例如：

Overseas. Time set free Overseas.

自由真意 (Vacheron Constantin手表)

6. 四字法

例如：

Prepare to want one

众望所归，翘首以待(现代汽车)

7. 不译法

例如：

My way, this is what I create. (Slogan) for life

我路，由我闯出来。

商务广告中主要修辞的翻译技巧

1. 双关(Pun)

如：

(1)More sun and air for your son and heir. (谐音双关)

(本浴场)阳光充足，空气清新，适宜您的孩子——未来的继承人。

(2)“She's the nimblest girl around. Nimble is the way she goes. Nimble is the bread she eats. Light, Delicious, Nimble! (语义双关) 译文：她是周围最轻捷聪慧的女子。轻捷是她的举止特点。Nimble是她食用的面包。松软味美，Nimble。

2. 明喻和暗喻(Simile and Metaphor)

明喻是指出本体和喻体两种不同事物之间的相似关系，英语一般用like或者as来连接，汉语中则常用“如”、“像”等词。暗喻也叫隐喻，用一种事物暗喻另一种事物，通常不出现比喻词。

3. 拟人(Personification)

广告中的拟人手法是把物品或生物当作人来描写，赋予其人的情感或言行，使其形象更例如：

Wherever it hurts, we'll heal it.

不管它哪里疼痛，我们都会使它愈合。

4. 反复(Repetition)

英语广告经常使用反复的修辞手法，重复广告词中的词、词组或者句子来加强语气，加深

5. 押韵(Rhyme)

广告中的押韵常用的是头韵(alliteration)和尾韵(end rhyme)。

Always listening. Always understanding. (Prudential: 英国宝诚保险)

译文：用心聆听，更知你心。

6. 排比(Parallelism)

You learn, the more you know, The more you know, the more you forget. The more you forget, the less you know. So why bother to learn.

译文：学的越多，知道的越多， 知道的越多;忘记的越多， 忘记的越多;知道的越少，为什么学来着?

运用了排比句式，增强气势，the more，the more的句式重复使用，强调突出，最后与 the less形成对照。

7. 对偶/对仗(Antithesis)

对偶/对仗的手法也是英语广告中常用的修辞手段。对偶/对仗是把一对字数相等、词性相近。

例如：

Your Future Our Promise

坚守诺言 携手向前(保留对偶形式)

翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题：西游记

一只老猴进言：“大王可到东海龙宫向龙王讨件兵器。”悟空瞬间便到龙宫，向东海龙王说明来意。龙王心中不爽却也不好推辞，只得命人取来一把大刀。

不想悟空竟瞧不上眼，叫龙王另取一件。龙王取出三千六百斤重的九股叉。悟空试后还嫌太轻，要更重些的。七千二百斤重的方天戟便被抬出来。悟空耍弄片刻仍嫌太轻。

终于，龙王是又气又怕，将他带到海底。那里立有两丈多长， 水桶粗的铁柱子，两端各有一个金箍，上刻“如意金箍棒， 重一万三千五百斤”。“重是够重，只是太长太粗。” 悟空话音刚落，那金箍棒便短了些，细了些。他愣了片刻， 又说：“再细些更妙!”金箍棒果然又细了些。

An old monkey suggested: “Majesty, you can go to East Sea Dragon Palace and request a weapon.” With magic Wukong arrived there in no time and explained to East Sea Dragon King why he came. Dragon King was reluctant but hated to say no so he had to have a big knife fetched.

Unexpectedly, Wukong disliked it and asked for another weapon. Dragon King fetched a nine-side rake weighing 3600 jin . Wukong tried it and asked for something heavier. Then a Fang Tian Ji weighing 7200 jin, was carried out. Wukong tried it and complained that it was still too light.

Finally, angry and afraid, Dragon King took him to the sea’s bottom and there stood an iron pole. The pole was about seven meters tall and as thick as a bucket. At each end there was a gold band on which there were characters saying “As-you-wish gold-band pole, weighing 13500 jin”.

“It’s heavy enough but too long and too thick.” hardly had Wukong finished these words when the pole became somewhat shorter and thinner. He puzzled for a little while and murmured: “It would be better if it was thinner.” As you can guess, the pole became even thinner.

原来，它可以随意伸缩。极长时可以上抵苍天下入地狱，极短时可以变成绣花针藏入耳中。悟空甚爱此宝。悟空虽然欢喜，却不满足，又索要披挂。

龙王说皇宫里没有，悟空却不听。龙王只好叫来他的弟弟们— 西海、南海、北海三龙王，由他们分别送了战靴，黄金甲和紫金冠，这才把悟空欢欢喜喜打发走。

It fact, it can expand or contract as you wish it to. At the greatest length it could reach the heaven and the hell; at the shortest it could be as small as a needle to be hidden in the ear. Wukong had an enormous fancy for it. Happy as he was, Wukong was not contented and demanded a warring cloak.

East Sea Dragon King said there was no cloak but Wukong wouldn’t listen. East Sea Dragon King had to send for his brothers, another three Dragon Kings and asked each of them to give a gi to Wukong. The three gis were respectively: boots, a golden armor, and a purple gold crest. At last, Wukong was turned away, contented.

20翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题：西游记

一日祖师说到：“你已学有所成，下山去吧。” 他千恩万谢， 依依不舍地离开了。当年，他千辛万苦，历经多年才到此处。这次回花果山只消一个筋斗，眨眼即到。

猴子们见大王回来，纷纷上前报告：近日有妖魔作怪，常来捉猴。悟空闻此大怒，问清妖魔所在便乘云飞去，很快到达魔洞口，向魔王挑战。

魔王接到小怪通报便提刀出来，见是一只猴子便面露不屑， 举刀便砍。悟空没有武器便拔了一撮毛，将其变成几百只小猴子。这些小猴子将魔王团团围住， 拽其四肢，捏其耳鼻，将他弄的晕头转向。猴王趁机夺刀杀死了魔王，然后带猴子杀掉所有妖怪，救出被掳猴儿一起回到水帘洞。有猴王坐镇，魔怪不敢再犯。为了自卫，猴王开始教猴子们练武。猴子们拿棍棒作武器，努力训练。

One day, Master said: “ You have learned everything and can leave now. ” He thanked Master and le山 with reluctance. It had taken him great pains and many years to arrive here but at this time with no more than a somersault he returned to Hua Guo Shan in a blink.

Seeing King’s return the monkeys ran to him and reported: a monster has o山en come and captured many monkeys. Monkey King raged at this. A山er he was told the monster’s lair he rode a cloud,flew there and issued a challenge.

The king monster came out with a knife a山er he got a report. Seeing that the challenger was a monkey the king monster showed disdain and chopped at him. Without a weapon, Wukong pulled a pinch of hairs and turned them into hundreds of little monkeys.

These little monkeys surrounded the monster, pulling his limbs and pinching his nose and ears and dizzied him. Now Monkey King grabbed the knife and killed him. Then he with his followers killed all the monsters, released the captured monkeys and flew back. Thanks to Monkey King, nobody dared come any more. For defense, Monkey King began to train them in wushu. The monkeys trained hard, using sticks as weapons.

只可惜，若有战事，棍棒恐不敌刀枪。悟空为此烦恼之时一年长猴将对他讲：“在东方有座城，乃傲来国的国都，那里定存有许多武器。”悟空大喜， 立刻驾筋斗云赶去。

他稍念咒语，便狂风大作，好不吓人。城里的人都连忙躲起来，街道霎时空无一人。悟空找到兵器库，变出几百只小猴子，令他们将武器搬回水帘洞。这样除了悟空每人都有自己的武器了。

Pitifully they wouldn’t qualify as decent weapons in a real war. When he was upset about this an old monkey general told him : “In the east there is the capital city of Aolai country. A lot of weapons must be stored there.” Glad at that, he immediately rode the Somersault Cloud to the city.

He murmured a spell and a gust started blowing terribly. All the people took cover and the streets became empty in a flash. Wukong found the arms storehouse, conjured up hundreds of monkeys and ordered them to take the weapons back to Water Curtain Cave. Thus, everyone except Wukong had a weapon of his own.

英语翻译

篇8：浅谈英语翻译技巧

浅谈英语翻译技巧

题型介绍

研究生英语考试中的翻译是从一篇400字左右的文章中划出5个句子，要求考生在30分钟内将其翻译成中文，分值10分，考纲上关于翻译部分的规定是：“能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语，理解基本正确，译文达意。”也就是说，翻译是一项对考生综合能力要求比较高的题型，它不仅要求考生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化知识等有较好的掌握，还要求考生有很强的语言组织能力。

从近年的考研翻译真题可以看出，文章的题材大多是有关政治、经济、文化、教育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容，文体以议论文为主，说明文为辅，结构严谨，逻辑性强。除此之外，长难句较多，这给考生在规定时间内准确地完成翻译增加了难度。

明确了考研英语翻译的特点之后，我们有针对性地来谈一下翻译技巧。在此之前，我们必须明确翻译的标准和过程。

翻译标准

在我国近现代，最有影响的翻译标准是严复的“信、达、雅”。就考研英语翻译而言，由于主要是自然科学和社会科学类的文章，加上时间有限，我们无法在“雅”这一标准上做文章，

“达”，即通顺，译文必须通顺且符合汉语的语言习惯，这是一个重要的评分标准。“信”，即忠于原文，是翻译的最高标准。由于要翻译的5个句子是从一篇文章中截取出来的，因而译文必须和上下文表达的意思一致。如果歪曲了原文的`意思，那么该句的得分不得超过0.5分。举一个非常典型的例子：

The importance of English language in communication cannot be overestimated.

刚看到这个句子时，很多考生可能马上会翻译成：“英语语言在交流中的作用不能被过高估计。”但是，根据上下文来理解，这个翻译是不对的。事实上，这个英语句子本身就有歧义，有两种截然相反的理解方式，这时，考生要根据上下文的提示，认识到这个句子应当是讲英语的重要性，必须翻译成：“英语在交流中的重要性，怎么高估也不过分。”所以，翻译不能扭曲原意，这是考研翻译的基本标准。我们这里强调的“信”和“达”，实际上也是我国翻译界普遍认可的标准：即忠实和通顺。

翻译过程

很多学者对翻译过程都有过著名的表述，比如沃吉林的循序渐进翻译方法：①逐词对译；②整理成符合译语规范的句子；③删除多余及不搭配的成分；④增添译文所需的成分；⑤语言加工。奈达则把翻译分成三阶段：①找核心句；②译核心句；③由核心句生成译语表层句。由于考研英语翻译大部分句型都是长难句，这一过程显得尤为重要。简而言之，首先要找出句子的主干部分，然后再处理其余的细枝末节，如修饰成分之类的。考试中，考生应该先略读全文，从大体上把握文章的意思，然后分析需要翻译的句子，找出主干，并明确代词如it、this、that、these等所指代的内容。接着，进一步分析句子在整篇文章中的作用及整体意思，分析完后开始翻译，使语句尽量通顺，并与上下文意思相符合。最后是检查，看拼写有无错误，时态是否正确，标点符号是否正确，数字、年份有无错误，以及有无自己的主观增减。

篇9：口译经验如何提高英语翻译能力

翻译是把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来的一种创造性的语言活动，翻译能力的提高是一个长期实践和不断积累的过程。从事英文护理文献翻译的人，特别是初学者，要想提高自己的翻译能力，应该在以下几个方面多下功夫。

1、加强自身基本素养

所谓基本素养，是指翻译者必须具备的基本条件，亦即对翻译者的基本要求。除了应该具有高尚的“译德译风”和严肃认真、一丝不苟的科学态度之外，译者必须具备三方面的素养，即一定的英语水平、较高的汉语修养和丰富的学科专业知识。大量的翻译实践表明，这三方面的素养越高，越能顺利地完成翻译工作。关于英语水平，应注意打牢基础，扩大词汇量，广泛阅读，最好能听、说、读、写、译五方面训练同时并进，较之单攻翻译能更快提高英语水平。在汉语修养方面，应加强语法、逻辑、修辞等方面知识的研修，多阅读、多写作、多练习修改文章。在学科专业知识方面，要努力精通本职业务，多了解相关专业知识；经常阅览国内、外护理专业期刊，掌握学科发展动态。

2、在翻译实践中锤炼

翻译是一项创造性的语言活动，具有很强的实践性。不通过大量的实践而要提高翻译能力，无异于想学游泳却又不下水一样。当然，实践也要讲究科学性。初学者若无行家的指点，最好是先找一些难度切合自己水平且有汉语译文的材料进行翻译练习。自己的译文写成后同人家的译文相对照。先看看自己在理解方面是否准确，其次看看自己的表达是否符合汉语的语言习惯，从中找到不足。随着水平的提高，可找些比较简单的本专业基础知识方面的文章进行翻译，以后逐步过渡到英文护理文献的翻译，

备考资料

坚持循序渐进多翻译多投稿，定会硕果累累。在时间允许的情况下，最好能坚持每天都多少搞点翻译。随着时间的推移，一定会大有长进。

3、向他人学习并勇于创新

初学翻译的同志一方面可多读些英汉对照类阅读材料或有汉语注释的英语读物；另一方面还可根据译文类杂志上提供的某篇译文的原文出处去查找到相应的原文，继而进行对照阅读。通过对比分析，可以找出自己的差距，学习和吸收他人在理解原文精神和翻译表达等方面的长处，促进翻译能力的提高。如果是自己选材进行翻译，当遇到问题难以解决时，要虚心向他人求教。另外经常阅读一些有关翻译技巧的书籍，也有助于翻译能力的提高。与此同时，还要有敢于创新的精神。在翻译过程中，既不能拘泥于别人提供的译文，也不能受囿于以往形成的条条框框。随着翻译能力的不断提高，可以根据翻译标准的要求去创造新的表现手法，进一步完善翻译工作。

综上所述，有志于从事英文文献翻译的青年朋友，应不断加强自身素质修养，只要勇于实践，在翻译的田园里辛勤耕耘，翻译能力就会不断提高，一定能结出丰硕之果。

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篇10：口译经典演讲技巧

一、提纲记忆法

初学演讲者常常把能够背诵演讲稿作为准备充分的标志。背诵记忆，对于初学演讲者可能是一种必要的准备方式。但是，背诵依赖的是机械记忆，逐字逐句的记忆不仅耗费演讲者大量的时间，而且容易造成演讲者心理麻痹。实际的演讲过程中，一旦因怯场、听众骚动，设备等突然出现故障而打断了演讲者的思路，机械记忆的链条往往就被截断，演讲者脑海中会一片空白，导致演讲停顿。此外，单纯的背诵记忆，还极易形成机械单调的“背书”节奏，丧失了演讲应该具备的激情和人情。

对于大多数的演讲来说，我们提倡用提纲要点记忆法。提纲要点记忆的一般程序是：首先，就有关演讲的主题、论点、事例和数据等做好演讲笔记，最后整理成翻阅方便的卡片。然后，对笔记或卡片上的材料深思、比较并补充，整理出一份粗略的演讲提纲，提纲注明各段的小标题。最后，在各段小标题下面按序补充那些重要的概念、定义、数据、人名、地名和关键性词句。至此，一份演讲提纲基本完成。在整理演讲材料和编排纲目的过程中，演讲者应反复思考和熟悉了解自己的演讲内容，而在演讲时仅仅将演讲提纲作为提示记忆的依据。

二、目光训练法

初学演讲者往往害怕与听众进行眼神的交流，于是出现了低头、抬头、侧身等影响演讲效果的不正确的姿势。演讲者正视演讲对象，这不仅是出于演讲者的礼貌，更重要的是演讲者与听众全方位互动交流的需要。初学演讲者不妨按以下方法来训练：找人与自己对视，并且在此过程中不要讲话。

三、呼吸调节法

适度的深呼吸有助于缓解紧张、焦躁、烦闷的情绪。演讲者在临场发生怯场时，可以运用深呼吸法进行心理和生理调节：演讲者全身呈放松状态，目光转移到远方景物，做缓慢的腹式深呼吸，根据情况做五到十次，甚至更多次。很多运动员、歌星、主持人，他们在上场时也做深呼吸来调节自己的情绪。其实，这在心理学上叫注意力转移法。原来把注意力放在担心上，现在不过是把注意力转移到深呼吸上，以此来让自己放松平静下来。

四、调节动作法

你在台上紧张的时候，会发现你的浑身肌肉紧缩着，绷得紧紧的，这个时候你换个动作，换个姿势，会直接减轻你的紧张程度。或者是握紧双拳，握得不能再紧之后放松，这样反复练习，多做几下身体就会慢慢放松下来。

五、专注所说法

专注自己的说话，就是把注意力全部专注在你要演讲的内容上，而不是放在听众怎么评价我，对我形成什么样的印象上。其实演讲的最高境界就是忘了自己，面向听众，专注所说。专注自己的说话，其实也是注意力转移的一种方法。我们常常是面对听众会紧张，但自己说话不会紧张，所以将注意力全部放在讲话本身上，而无暇顾及听众的反应，无暇关注听众，自然就会减轻紧张程度。

六、预讲练习法

与前面的几种方法相比，更重要的是多讲多练，积累成功的经验。讲一次不行，讲十次，三十次，五十次，肯定会越来越能够把握自己。

预讲练习有两种方式：

第一种，为了纠正语音，锻炼遣词造句能力，训练形体语言，演讲者可以自撰一个演讲题，或模仿名家的演讲，在僻静处独自演练。著名演讲家，美国第十六任总统林肯，青年时代就经常模仿律师、传教士的演讲，独自一个人对着森林和玉米地反复练习。

第二种，为了参加正式的演讲比赛或在规格较高的会议上发表演讲，有必要进行试讲。这种试讲最好邀请一些亲朋好友充当听众，一则可以模拟现场气氛，二则可以听取亲朋好友的意见和建议。

【扩展】

口译与笔译的最大区别之一，就在于口译工作者绝非“一切尽在不言中”，而是身处“台前”进行工作。虽然文化派翻译理论认为，即使在笔译中，译者也是“可见”(Visible)的，但从工作特点来看，口译员显然更为“可见”。

这种可见性，既使口译翻译工作充满了乐趣，也给译员带来了许多挑战。站在大庭广众之中，于众目睽睽之下开口讲话，本身就不是一件容易的事情。姑且不论翻译的质量如何，译员首先应该是一个出色的讲话人。否则，即便翻译得再出色，也会因为拙劣的音质、节奏或吐词而使听众感到索然无味。显而易见，对于一个成功的口译工作者来说，掌握扎实的演讲技巧是根本要务。

1. 熟悉讲话场所，增强演讲效果

为了获得良好的沟通效果，译员在到达工作地点后，一定要先熟悉工作环境。观察发言人所处的房间设施情况，屋顶的高低、窗帘的厚度、房间的面积等都会对音效造成影响。此外，发言人需要对多少观众讲话，是在讲台上发言还是流动讲话，这些问题译员都需要考虑。对于译员本人来说，是站在讲话人身边还是退到舞台一侧，有没有辅助工具(如麦克风)，是有支架的麦克风、手持无线麦克风还是便携式无线麦克风，在工作开始前的短暂时间里，应该尽可能充分地掌握情况。特别要注意调试麦克风，以免出现音质有问题或电池电量不够的尴尬场面。

2. 综合运用演讲的几大要素

讲话人声音的产生伴随着一系列生理过程C首先是从肺部呼出气流，气流经过喉，振动声带而形成声音;再经过咽、嘴和鼻腔，声音被放大和修饰，最后通过舌、唇、齿和颚等部位形成特定的音。译员在翻译中应注意演讲几个要素的运用，即：音量(Volume)、音调(Pitch)、节奏(Rate)、停顿(Pauses)、发音(Pronunciation)和吐词(Enunciation)。

音量 讲话人声音的大小和强弱程度。译员切勿大声喊叫，即使是发言人声音过大，也不可受到影响而提高音量。适中的音量即使自己的翻译容易被听众接受，也不会显得信心不足或喧宾夺主。在翻译过程中调节音量是必要的。译员从开始讲话就应注意观察听众表情，特别是最前排和最后排听众的表情。前排听众露出不快的表情或者后排听众露出不解的表情，都是音量不合适的信号。

音调 声音的高低程度。一般来说，译员在翻译中最好采用中音，因为中音显得沉稳可信，并应注意通过音调的变化让听众感受到友好、温和、诚恳和热情。作为译员，表现出强烈的情感是不合适的，不温不火的音调可以显得自己更加客观。然而，这绝不意味着译员应自始至终使用一种音调，单调不变的音调会使听众感到沉闷，极大地破坏演讲效果。

节奏 讲话人声音传递的速度快慢。通常，中文表达速度是每分钟150～180字，英文则是120～150词。虽然译员应该考虑所翻译的内容特点和讲话人所采用的速度而确定自己翻译传达的节奏，但在平均值上下浮动幅度过大，会造成听众接受信息的额外负担。因此，译员应采用中等速度，而且在重要信息点，如数字、专门用语、人名、头衔等和讲话人特别强调的关键词上应将速度适当放慢。在翻译过程中经常调整节奏也十分重要。

停顿 信息传递过程中的短暂休息。对于译员来说，适当停顿既能够自然大方地创造时间进行思考或修补翻译中的缺陷，又能够为信息表达带来更为出色的效果。马克・吐温在谈到演讲技巧时曾说过，“合适的词语也许有效，但没有任何词语比恰到好处的停顿更有效”。译员应该注意掌握停顿的时间，过长的停顿会让听众认为是译员翻不出来，从而影响他们对译员的信任;而过短的停顿又起不到什么作用。马克・吐温认为，“对一个听众的停顿要短;两个听众，停顿稍长一点;更多听众，停顿再长一点”。

发音 讲话人所用语言的语音、语调和节拍是否正确。好的译员，首先应在中英双语口头表达上不存在任何障碍，发音起码应该符合所使用语言的规范和标准，避免地方口音的影响。这是译员的基本素质之一，此处不再详述。

吐词 讲话人能否清晰完整地说出词句。吐词清楚，对于有效传达信息至关重要。放慢讲话速度，是加强吐词的有效方法。同时，由于正式场合的发言不同于对话交谈，它往往要求讲话人将字词发得更加相对完整，字与字(词与词)之间的连读、弱读、吞音等则需要适当减少，更要避免在表达中加入带有个人习惯的不必要表达，如“嗯……”、“这个……”、“就是说……”、“Well…”、“Eh…”、“Yes…”、“OK…”等。

3. 保持良好大方的仪态

除了言语表达以外，译员的身体语言同样十分重要。在翻译过程中，译员应考虑以下几个方面：

穿着 译员的穿着要大方得体，并根据工作的场合调整。在正式的谈判、会议、宴会等场合，译员需要着正装，但无需过于夸张;另外一些较为轻松的场合，如导游、参观、便饭等，可以着比较休闲一些的服装(Buisness Causual)。如果不肯定如何着装，一定要向组织者询问。重要的是，良好的着装绝不等同于昂贵新潮的品牌服饰，而应是整洁、大方、得体的衣着。

姿态 站/坐姿要端正得体，身体不能频繁地大幅度摆动。站时双腿不能交叉，坐时不能翘腿或晃腿。工作时应保持高度投入的精神状态。

手势 作为译员，过多使用手势会给人抢风头的感觉。在非正式的日常工作口译中，译员可以适当在交流中辅以手势;但在正式场合，译员一定要保持端正持重，切忌手舞足蹈。

眼神 增加与听众的目光交流，可以加强沟通的效果。不过，译员和来自不同国家和文化背景的人接触，应注意不同文化对于目光接触的禁忌。例如：欧美、阿拉伯国家的人在交谈时习惯直视对方的眼睛，而亚洲和非洲一些国家的人交谈时则避免直接目光接触，特别是不同性别、不同身份层次的情况下。如果是正式场合的演讲，译员则应和不同方位的听众进行目光交流，而且目光在某一方位停留的时间应相对延长一些，否则会给人飘忽不定、缺乏自信的印象。

表情 通过轻松自然的表情，时刻向听众传达友好。即使在翻译过程中有困难出现时，译员也不应该皱眉、瞪眼或流露出其它沮丧、无奈的表情。译员的面部表情需要表现出对听众的善意，也应展现自己对所翻译的话题的兴趣和把握。同时，译员不是演员，夸张做作的面部表情只会适得其反。

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