下面是小编整理的试论初中英语动词时态的教与学 (人教版英语)（共含5篇），欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴，希望对大家有所帮助。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“风光假期”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
【摘要】语法教学是英语教学中一个重要的组成部分，如何在课堂教学中教好既是基础又是难点的英语时态语法，已成为广大中学英语教师的一大难题。本文结合笔者多年的教学经验，针对初中英语时态语法的教学重要性、教学难点和教学策略都做了简要分析。
【关键词】语法；时态；灌输式教学；呈现法；归纳教授法；演绎法
英语作为一门语言，已成为当今世界必不可少的一种交际工具。在初中教学中，教师常常发现学生因弄不懂句子中的时态而无法准确翻译句子，或者写出语句通顺、语法正确的句子。英语时态的学习及运用是初中英语教学的难点之一，如何掌握和运用英语时态成为广大师生所关注的问题。
一、初中英语时态语法的教学重要性
有人说过：“词汇是珍珠，语法就是将珍珠串起来的绳子。两者完美组合才能展现美丽的珍珠项链。”英语语法在初中英语学习中有着非常重要的作用，掌握系统的英语语法知识，把握英语的基本结构，才能提高英语的学习效率。时态教学在整个初中英语语法教学占据着关键位置，有位英语老师曾形象地总结：“如果说英语教学是一座大厦，那语法教学就是这座大厦的构架，而时态教学就是这个构架的大梁。”简而言之，要学好英语，必须学好语法；要学好语法，必须学好时态。
二、初中英语时态教学的重难点
英语语法中的时态是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。时态是针对动词而言，其它词性不可能有时态而言。初中英语教学大纲中要求学生掌握并考查的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时以及过去将来时。英语教学语法的目的是要学生掌握英语的语言运用能力，初中英语课堂教学中没有必要系统地讲解语法，应根据课文内容和教学目标，讲授最基本和最实用的语法知识。教师应该重在认真分析教材，抓住教材的重、难点，根据学生的具体情况，精讲多练。
三、初中英语时态教学策略
传统英语教学多采用灌输式教学方法，教师往往会先给出语法规则，然后让学生套用规则进行机械操练，以达到巩固所学知识的目的。在这种灌输教学方式中，学生的主体性得不到充分发挥，课堂气氛沉闷，教学效果欠佳。《新课程标准》要求：英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语教学过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授,忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向。由此，产生了几种奇怪的现象：有的教师过分强调英语口语的重要性，忽视英语语法；有的教师根本不讲语法；有的教师想讲不敢讲，使学生对语言规律性知识缺乏必要的了解和掌握，教学效果也不理想。那么，究竟如何才能教好初中的时态语法呢？
首先，教师应该与学生建立起和谐的师生关系，培养学生对英语学习的兴趣。只有处理好师生关系，才能创造和谐的课堂气氛。其次，教师应该让学生明白时态语法在英语学习中的重要性。再次，教师可以借助多媒体创设情境，形象时态语法教学。教师可以运用多媒体，通过场景的快速切换，有效地调动和控制学生的注意力，先帮助他们形成直观的表象，再设计一些有一定信息沟的会话练习，唤起学生的求知欲。最后，还要要精讲多练。不能单纯地讲解语法知识，要通过反复使用，反复操练基本句型，通过大量的语言实践，让学生自己发现语法现象，归纳规律。下面将结合本人多年的教学经验谈谈初中英语动词时态教学的具体策略。
第一种，呈现法。创设情景，利用情景引出要学习的语法项目，使学生通过具体的情景或语景去感知新的学习材料。可以通过对话创设情景；可以通过动作演示；也可以利用简笔画来呈现。以呈现一段对话教一般过去时为例：
T：I watched a basketball match last night，Did you watch the game last night？
S：Yes．
T：How did you like it?
S：Wonderful，I think．
T：ButI didn't quite enjoy it．
第二种，归纳教授法。通过观察、分析比较、归纳或概括来教授。比如，讲授一般现在时的时候，老师通常会总结一些表示频率的副词或短语来判断时态，相当于这种时态的标志词，例如always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, twice a week,等等。
第三种，演绎法。让学生接触和理解语法规则，然后再举例以验证语法规则。比如，在讲一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较的时候，有些时间状语，既可用于一般过去时，也可用于现在完成时，但所表示的意义有所不同。以this summer holiday为例：I have read the book this summer holiday（讲话时仍是暑假）.I read the book this summer holiday（讲话时暑假已经过完了）。
第四种，归纳演绎法。归纳法和演绎结合使用，可以先归纳后演绎，也可以先演绎后归纳，两者交替使用，这样教效果会更好。
第五种，练习法。可以机械操练，如模仿、替换、重复等；可以有意义操练，如造句、改写句子、翻译句子等；还可以交际性操练，如练习过去时态时，教师可能会提一系列的问题，然后由形式回答。
除此之外，还有游戏法、故事法、任务教学法等等。通过游戏能激发学生学习语法的兴趣，调动学生学外语的积极性，在游戏交流过程中，增强对语法规则的感悟能力、总结归纳及活用能力。故事法也很有趣，如：通过“接力编故事”来学习操练一般过去时。以学习一般过去时为例，老师可以准备一些卡片，正面写上动词原形，反面写上过去式，然后老师给话题，学生编故事，老师可以适当理顺单词在故事中的时空顺序，有利于学生进行时空联想。如老师给予话题 Jim's Yesterday ，并准备单词卡：brush，wash，listen，read，have，go，take， begin，give，study，do，eat，play，clean等，接着老师要求在规定的时间内叙述 Jim 昨天做了些什么事。
关于初中英语动词时态的教学，当然不仅仅是以上这些方法，教师平时应该多总结，多学习，相互之间多交流。教师还应帮助学生端正学习态度，学习一门语言需要决心和耐心，欲速不达，一定要踏踏实实，要勤用眼，勤用耳，勤用嘴，勤用手，勤用脑。
参考文献：
张道真《实用英语语法》，1995年修订重印版.
一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。
第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型：It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”。
例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. “时间已迟了” “早该……了” ，
例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗?
1. …as soon as… 一… 就…
Mary一见到她弟弟就会告诉他这个消息。
Mary will tell her brother this message as soon as he sees him.
我们一到那儿就去爬山了。
We went climbing as soon as we arrived / got / reached there.
2. as + adj./adv.+ as… …和…一样(的 / 地)…
not as(so)…as… …不如 / 不比 … ….
李雷和吉母跑得一样快。
Li Lei runs as fast as Jim.
约翰和你的年龄不一样大。
John is not as (so) old as you.
这部电视剧不如那部有趣。(TV series)
This TV series is not as (so) interesting as that one.
3. as +adj./adv.+ as possible 尽可能 … 的 / 地 …
我们在英语课上应该尽可能地多讲英语。
We should speak English as much as possible in English class.
你能不能尽可能慢一些读这个句子?
Can you read the sentence as slowly as possible?
4. ask sb for sth 向某人要求某物
当你迷路时，你可以向警察需求帮助。
When you get lost, you can ask the police for help.
一些学生经常向父母要钱去玩电子游戏。(video games)
Some students often ask their parents for money to play video games.
他向父母要一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
He asked his parents for a bicycle as his birthday present.
5. ask/ tell sb. (how) to do sth 询问 / 告诉 某人如何做某事
许多学生经常问老师如何才能学好英语。
Many students often ask their teachers how to learn English well.
让我来告诉你如何发邮件。
Let me tell you how to send an e-mail.
6. ask / tell /want sb (not) to do sth. 要求(让)/ 告诉 / 想要 某人 做(不做)某事
护士告诉我服用此药需一日三次，饭后服用。
The nurse told me to take this medicine three times a day after meals.
老师经常告诉我要更加努力地学习。
The teacher often tells me to study harder.
他让我不要再犯同样的错误。
He asked me not to make the same mistake again.
7. make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth 使 / 让 某人做(不做)某事
他使得孩子哭得很厉害。
He made the child cry loudly.
昨天他使我在影院门口等了很长时间。
He made me wait for long (for a long time) at the gate of the cinema yesterday.
直到我们做完了作业,妈妈才让我们去玩球。
Mother didn’t let us play football until we finished our homework.
那个老板迫使工人们每天工作10小时。
That boss made the workers work (for) ten hours a day.
8. be afraid of doing / to do/that 害怕 / 不敢 做某事
这个小女孩不敢晚上出去。
The little girl is afraid to go out in the evening / at night.
他害怕独自呆在家里。
He is afraid of staying at home alone.
许多人担心他们会失去工作。(be afraid that)
Many people are afraid that they will lose their jobs.
9. be busy with sth. / doing sth. 忙于某事 / 做某事
现在学生们忙于准备考试。
Now students are busy preparing for the exams.
昨天下午妈妈都在忙着做家务。(两种)
Mother was busy with housework yesterday afternoon.
Mother was busy doing housework yesterday afternoon.
10. be famous / late /ready / sorry for sth.
因…而著名 / (做)…迟到了 / 晚了 / 为…准备 / 为… 而抱歉
如果你不快点，你就会上班迟到。
If you don’t hurry, you will be late for work.
杭州以丝绸而出名。
Hangzhou is famous for silk.
我们已经准备好迎接奥运会了。
We have been ready for the Olympic Games.
我为我的错误而抱歉。
I am sorry for my mistake.
11. be glad that 很高兴…
我很高兴你能来参加晚会。
I am very glad that you can come to the evening party.
老师很高兴我们班得了第一名。
The teacher was very glad that our class was the first / won the first prize.
12. give/ show/ bring/ lend/ send/ pass/ tell / offer sth to sb
buy/give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/ tell sb. sth
给某人某物;给某人看某物;给某人带来某物;借给某人某物;送给某人某物;递给某人某物;把某事告诉给某人;主动给某人某物
请递给我一张纸。
Please pass me a piece of paper.
=Please pass a piece of paper to me.
请把你的画给我看看。
Please show me your picture.
=Please show your picture to me
他借给我一辆自行车。
He lent me a bike.
=He lent a bike to me.
别忘了下次来给我带点儿钱。
Don’t forget to bring me some money when you come here next time.
= Don’t forget to bring some money to me when you come here next time.
13. either…or… 或… 或…, 不是… 就是…, 要么…要么…
不是你，就是他是对的。
Either you or he is right. V. 就近原则
每个周末，我们要么去公园，要么呆在家里。
We either go to a park or stay at home every weekend. (at/on weekends.)
要了解世界，人们既可以读报纸，也可以看电视。
People can either read newspapers or watch TV to get to know the world.
14. neither…nor… 既不… 也不…, 两者都不…
我和他都没有读过这本书。
Neither he nor I have ever read this book. V. 就近原则
这个女孩已经十岁了，但她既不会读书，也不会写字。
The girl is already ten, but she can neither read nor write.
15. enjoy/ finish/mind/ keep/ practise/go on doing sth.
享受做…之乐;做完某事;介意做某事;一直做某事;练习做某事;继续做…
我们应该经常练习讲英语。
We should often practice speaking English.
我奶奶一直坚持早晨锻炼身体已经有十年了。
My grandma has kept doing exercise in the morning for ten years.
16. find /think / feel + it + adj. (for sb.)to do sth. 发现/ 认为/觉得 做某事 如何
越来越多的人发现吃太多汉堡包不利于健康。
More and more people have found it unhealthy to eat too many hamburgers.
很多大学生发现在大学中交友很难。
A lot of students have found it very hard to make friends at college.
17. get + adj. 的比较级 + and + adj. 的比较级 变得越来越…
地球变得越来越暖和了。
It gets warmer and warmer on the earth.
春天到了，天气变得越来越热了。
Spring is coming and it’s getting warmer and warmer.
北京变得越来越美丽了。
Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful.
18. The + adj./adv.的比较级， the + adj./adv.的比较级。 越..., 就越…。
天气越冷,人们穿得就越多。
The colder it is, the more people wear.
我们种的树越多,空气就会越干净。
The more trees we plant, the cleaner the air will be.
英语，我们练习得越多，说得就越好。
The more we practice speaking English, the better we can speak.
你越强健，患感冒的机会就越少。
The stronger you are, the less chance you will catch a cold.
19. It is + 序数词+ adj./adv.的最高级 + n.
黄河是中国第二长的河流。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
他是我们班跑得第二快的。
He runs the second fastest in our class.
20. one of the + 最高级 + n. (pl.) 是最…之一者
姚明是世界上最好的篮球运动员之一。
Yao Ming is one of the best basketball players in the world.
三亚是中国最美丽的城市之一。
Sanya is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
初中英语动词时态专项练习
满分：100分 你的得分_________________
一.用所给词的适当形式填空：(30分)
1. Listen to the little girl. She ___________________(recite) a poem.
2. ________ your sister ___________(study) in this school two years ago?
3. I ________________(not go ) to the city next week.
4. They eat grapes _________________(bring) good luck.
5. You needn’t _______________(come) here so early.
6. Do often go _______________ (climb) mountains?
7. They _______________________ (leave) here tomorrow.
8. I spend two hours _______________(do) my homework every day.
9. While we ________________ (wait) for the bus, a girl ___________ (run) up to us.
10. If it _____________(not rain) tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.
11. I__________ already___________ (see) the film. I __________ (see) it last week.
12. They________________(not make) a model ship when I saw him.
13. I believe that those mountains _______________ (cover ) with trees in a few years’ time.
14. There ________________ (be) a talk on science in our school next Monday.
15. My mother told us that Taiwan _________________ (be) part of China.
16. After he comes back, I ________________(tell) you to know.
17. He needs ________________(go) to see a doctor.
18. ---What are you doing? ---I ___________(write) and he _____________(watch) TV.
19. He turned off the light and then ________________(leave).
20. The boy was made ________________ (stand) there for an hour by his father.
21. The teacher ________________(come) right away.
22. As I ______________ (walk) in the park, it ________________ (begin) to rain.
23. While mother _____________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ____________ (ring).
24. He ___________________(borrow) this story book for two weeks.
25. ____________ you _____________ (find) your science book yet?
26. --- What ________ you _______ (do) at that time? ---We _________________ (watch) TV.
27. The best time _______________(go) to Yunnan is in spring.
28. Can you tell me if it _________(snow) tomorrow?
29. ---Where’s Li Ming ? ---He ______________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
30. You ‘d better ____________________(not watch) too much TV.
二.单项选择：(50分)
1. The mother asked the boy ___________ down the ladder, but he went on ___________ instead.
A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing
2. Look! The boy ________________ with his mother in the pool.
A. is swiming B. is swimming C. are swimming D. are swiming
3. --- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.
--- I won’t. As soon as he _____________, I’ll ask him to write to you.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
4. The police found that the house ______________and a lot of things______________.
A. has broken into, has been stolen B. had broken into, had been stolen
C. has been broken into, stolen D. had been broken into, stolen
5. I wish I ___________________you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
6. The Greens ________________ China for five years.
A. has been in B. have been in C. went to D. has gone to
7. I saw him __________________ into the small store.
A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone
8. He turned off the light and then _______________.
A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left
9. We ____________the work by six yesterday evening.
A. finished B. would finish C. had finished D. had been finished
10. --- How was your weekend on the farm? --- Great! We ___________ with the farmers.
A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends
11. By the end of next July this building __________________.
A. will be finished B. will have finished
C. will have been finished D. had been finished
12. The teacher asked the students to close the windows __________ the wind from _______ the
papers away.
A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow
13. ---_________ you ever __________ to the US? --- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
14. --- What is Tom doing in the classroom? --- He __________ something on the blackboard.
A. draws B. draw C. is drawing D. are drawing.
15. Does Mr. Know-all know ________________ keys?
A. to make B. how to make C. how make D. making
16. She ___________________ you to come to my birthday party.
A. hopes B. wishes C. want D. lets
17. --- Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. --- Really? Where _________ he __________?
A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go
18. While a young man ____________ her ,she ______________ her work .
A. watched… was doing B. was watching… did
C. watched… did D. was watching… was doing
19. If it ________________ tomorrow, I will go by car.
A. rain B. will rain C. rains D. would rain
20. We are always ready _________________ others.
A. to helping B. to help C. help D. helping
21. --- Liu Mei can’t come tonight. --- Why? But she ____________ me she would come.
A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told
22. ----Do you know Lydia very well?
---Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
23. The teacher told us that light ______________ much faster than sound.
A. travels B. traveled C. was D. will be
24. Don’t make so much noise. We ________________ to the music.
A. are listening B. listen C. listened D. have listened
25. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
-- Sorry. He ________________ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
26. The clothes _______________very soft.
A. are felt B. are feeling C. feel D. feels
27. When Jack arrived he learned Mary ________________for almost an hour.
A. had gone B. had set of C. had leftD. had been away
28. There ______________ a talk on science in our school next Monday.
A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is
29. Her hope __________________ the Olympic Games.
A. to take part in B. is to take part in C. taking part in D. will take part in
30. --- Are you free this afternoon?
--- No. I’ll have an English composition _______ this afternoon.
A. to write B. wrote C. to be writing D. to be written
31. My grandpa died ____________________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
32. The boy was made ________________ there for an hour by his father.
A. standing B. stand C. to stand D. stands
33. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth ______________ around the sun.
A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves
34. Nobody __________________ how to run this machines.
A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing
35. --- What did Mr. Jones do before he moved here?
--- He ____________________ a city bus for over twenty-five years.
A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives
36. I _____________that the boy ______________ with no tears in his eyes.
A. noticed… cryed B. noticed… cried C. noticed…crying D. noticed… cryed
37. _____________ your brother _____________ a letter to ? ---My father.
A. Who… wrote B. What…wrote C. Who did…write D. What did… write
38. He _______________ some cooking at that time, so ____________ me.
A. did… heard B. did… didn't hear C. was doing… heard D. was doing… didn't hear
39. ---“ ________ you angry then?” ---"They____________ too much noise.”
A. Are…were making B. Were…were making C. Are…made D. Were… made
40. We _______________ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _____________.
A. were waiting… waiting B. were waiting… wait C. waited… waiting D. waited… wait
41. Mother ________ me a new coat yesterday, I __________ it on. It fits me well.
A. has made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried
42. She __________that she ___________ her best to help them the next term.
A. says…will do B. said…will do C. said… would do D. says…would do
43. I often hear her ____________________ about the boy.
A. talking B. talk C. to talk D. talked
44. I ______________ the way. I _________________ here for quite many years.
A. knew… have lived B. knew… live C. know… have lived D. know… live
45. -C Oh, Mrs. King, your sweater looks nice. Is it _________________ wool ?
--- Yes, and it’s _____________________ Inner Mongolia.
A. made of, made by B. made of, made in
C. made by, made for D. made by, made from
46. ________ you _________ the film before ? Where ________ you ________ it ?
A. Have… seen… did… see B. Did…see…die…watch
C. Have…seen… have… seen D. Did…see…have…seen
47. You ____________ about the future now, ___________ you ?
A. don't think…don't B. aren't thinking… aren't
C. don't think… do D. aren't thinking… are
48. Mr. Smith ____________ short stories, but he _____________ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes
C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes
49. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room _____________ him clearly.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
50. Mr. LuXun died in 1936. He _______ a lot of famous novels.
A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write
三.句型变换，对划线部分提问：(20分)
1. The big tree blew down in the storm last night.
2. They are planting trees on the hill.
3. We have been to the Great Wall several times.
4. Athena brushes her teeth twice a day.
5. Tom’s father is a businessman.
6. The strawberries in the basket are mine.
7. I was late because I met the accident.
8. It will be sunny tomorrow.
9. Helen’s father works in a big factory.
10. There are a lot of chairs in the classroom.
11. The skirt on the chair is purple.
12. There is much mutton in the fridge.
13. It’s ten kilometers away from my home to school.
14. Helen will finish the task in ten days.
15. The river is about 120 kilometers long.
16. It took him an hour to clean his bedroom.
17. There are five kites in the sky.
18. My father is fine.
19. His mother takes him to the zoo on weekends.
20. My mother usually gets to England by plane.
21. I’m looking for my notebook.
22. You can ask him questions.
23. My grandfather is ninety-one years old.
24. It was September the ninth yesterday.
25. It’s Saturday today.
26. They are going to have supper at half past six.
1.时态
时态 用法 例示
一般现在时 现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与usually, always, seldom, often, frequently, every day 等时间状语连用 We always care for each other and help each other.
He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others.
主语现在的特征，性格和状态 She is always ready to help others.
-do you sing? –a little
客观规律，正确事实或科学真理，格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在 All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.
Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.
在由连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引起的时间（条件，让步）状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。 Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.
However much advice you give him, he will do exactly what he wants.
安排，或计划要做的动作（有时间状语）限于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, open, start, stop, close, return 等一类动词。 The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m.
一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, in 1996, two years ago ,last month, the day before yesterday, the other day 等表示过去的时间状语连用。 The Great Wall came into being in 221BC.
过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day, often, sometimes等时间状语连用，used to , would常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。Would 不接表示认识或状态的词，但used to 不受限制。 When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.
We used to get up at five every morning when were at school.
We would ask him for advice when we had trouble with our English.
He used to like football when I was at middle school.
过去发生的一系列动作 The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.
在时间，条件，方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时表过去将来时。
He said he would let us know if he got any news.
He promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went there.
I didn’t know you bought the present for me.
语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚刚，刚才，”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”
一般将来时 Shall/will +动词原形1 单纯表将来2 不用于条件句中3 表必然的将来4 表意愿，决心 He will be thirty years old next year.
If you will wait here, the manage will be back 10 mins later.
Be going to 1计划打算干2, 客观迹象预示 Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm.
If you are going to do it, you had better do it well.
Be on the point of /be about to 不与时间状语连用，但可和when 从句连用
Be to 1 预定要做 2 表示命令，禁止应该3 注定 We are to finish the work before five this year.
No one is to leave the cinema without the police’s police’s permission
瞬间动词的现在进行时表将来。 Go start, set out, leave , reach, arrive, return, come, move, take off They are moving Nanjing for Guangzhou on Sunday.
祈使句/短语+and/or +主语+will
Work hard and you’ll succeed
A bit more effort, and you will succeed.
将来完成时 表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或该时刻刚刚结束的动作 I shall have finished this one before lunch.
I hope we'll have got the instructions (说明书) ready before you come tomorrow.
过去将来时 Was/were going to
Was/were to
Was about to
Was/were + 现在分词
Was/were on the point of
现在进行时 表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作 Look! The boy is dozing off.
表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定正在进行） How are you getting along with your English these days.
表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用） The children are always making trouble.
She is always asking the same question.
瞬间动词表将来
过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。
表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用）
瞬间动词表将来
描写故事的背景 It was winter. The north wind has blowing hard and a heavy snow was falling. A poor little girl was walking in the street.
用在复合句中
He was reading while his wife was cooking.
While he was driving, he was thinking about the matter.
不与时间状语连用，表示逐渐的发展 It was getting darker.
现在完成时 对现在的影响或动作与状态的持续
常与有介词for, during, in within, over 引导的时间状语连用 We have discussed the topic (for) the last 3 weeks.
I haven’t seen him in the recent years.
表示反复或习惯性的动作，常与
several times, once, twice, 等频度副词
连用 I have watched him several times.
He has been to London twice.
用在时间，条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前已完成。 I will give my opinion after I have read through the book.
We will set out at once if the rain has stopped
现在完成进行时 表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至将来。（强调进行的过程） He is ill. he has been lying in bed for three weeks.
She is very tired. she has been typing letters all day.
一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
过去完成时 表示过去的过去；一直延续到过去某一点的动作或状态。 I received a letter from a friend yesterday. We had not heard from each other since 1990
表示原本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用此结构德动词有hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend 等 We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.
They had expected to get what they needed, but there was nothing there.
用于no sooner… than; hardly… when的句型中 I had no sooner returned than he called.
时态 比较 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般过去时表示动作的完成 Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.
现在完成时强调结果或动作已完成
现在完成进行时强调动作在继续 We have discussed the question with him.
We have been discussing the question with him all evening.
固定句型 By the end of By the end of last term, we had learned 2000 words.
By the end of this term, we will have learned…
It is the first time
It was the first time
It is high time that It is the first time that you have visited our school.
It was the first time that you had visited…
It is high time that you came here.
2． 语态
主动表被动 及物动词作不及物用＋副词 （hardly, easily, badly, nicely, well, smoothly）等时。常用动词有act, add, bend, close, lock, cut, begin, move, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, wear, write 等，主语往往是物而不是人。 The pen write well.
Wood burns easily.
The car drives smoothly.
The case locks easily.
形容词 ＋不定式结构中，不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时。
要注意如果句中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时用主动语态，否则用被动。 The picture is pleasant to look at.
I found his theory hard to understand.
I found my theory hard to be understood.
介词短语 in sight, on show, on sale, under construction作表语或定语表被动。 The new railway under construction will be completed soon.
Be worth, be missing , in need of , remaining, want/need/require be to blame be to let The teaching method is in need of improving.
There is no remaining money here.
The house is to let
连系动词：表感觉的 appear, feel, prove, taste ,表变化的 become, come fall, grow, turn,表依旧的continue, lie, remain, stay, stand Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
某些动词以物做主语，进行时表被动eg. Print, cook, fry, hang, build, make The dinner is cooking.
The book is printing.
The house is building.
被动表主动 Burn, devote, dress, hide, seat, love, wear, tire+oneself +介词＝be+ed +介词 He seats himself on the bench.
Affect, amuse, astonish, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, inspire, move, strike, touch, upset, worry等用于 sb+be+ed sth+be + ing 作定语ed+sb ing+sth He was too frightened to move.
不用被动语态 Come about, occur, break out, belong to, happen, succeed, fail, add up to, take place, come into being, cost, set sail for, take part in, give out, come true, lose heart, play a part in
双重被动式 常用的动词有wish, expect, advise, mean, believe, suppose, order, allow The book is believed to have been translated into French.
The sports meet was never expected to be put off.
Get, become, go ,come ,feel, grow, seem, look 可以作为系动词在口语中使用 I grew excited and a little frightened.
He seemed satisfied with my offer
Five soldiers got wounded in the battle.
高考对于进行体的常考点
1． 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。
Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.
As he was reading the newspaper, granny fell asleep.
2. 表示动作的未完性，暂时性。
I don’t really work here. I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.
Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
3. 表示现在或当时发展中或正在进行的情况。
I don’t think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space.
I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at that time.
★ 初中英语时态总结
