上半年英语四级真题及答案

以下是小编精心整理的上半年英语四级真题及答案（共含10篇），供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“chenjinnan”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

篇1：6月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案

－part ⅰ listening comprehension (20 minutes)section adirections:in this section,you will hear 10 short conversations.at the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.after each question there will be a pause .during the pause,you must read the four choices marked a),b),c)and d),and decide which is the best answer.then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.example: you will hear:

you will read:

a)at the office

b)in the waiting room

c)at the airport

d)in a restaurant form the conversation we know that the two were talking ablut some work they had to finish in the evening.this is most likely to have taken place at the office.therefore,a)“at the office”is the best answer.you should choose [a] on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.

sample answer [a][b][c][d]

1. a)a math teacher and his colleague. c)a student and his classmate b)a teacher and his student. d)a librarian and a student

2. a)tony could not continue the experiment b)tony finished the experiment last night. c)tony thought the experiment was well done. d)tony had expected the experiment to be easier.

3. a)she can't put up with the noise. b)she wants to save money to buy a piano. c)the present apartment is too expensive. d)she has found a job a neighbouring area.

4. a)he is not very enthusiastic about his english lessons. b)he has made great progress in his english.c)he is a student of the music department.d)he is not very interested in english songs.

5. a)at home. c)in a car b)in a restaurant. d)on the street.

6. a)his injury kept him at home. c)he was too weak to see the doctor. b)he didn't think it necessary. d)he failed to make an appointment.

7. a)5:15 c)4:30 b)5:10 d)5:008. a)the man needs help. c)the man likes his job. b)the man is complaining. d)the man is talking with his boss.

9. a)wear a new dress. c)attend a party b)make a silk dress. d)go shopping.

10.a )he played his part quite well. c)he proformed better than the secretary b)he was not dramatic enough. d)he exaggerated his

part.section b compound dictation

注意:听力理解的b节(section b)为复合式听写(compound dictation),题目在试卷二上,现在请取出试卷二.part ⅱ reading comprehension (35 minutes)

directions: there are 4 passages in this part each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.for each of them there are four choices marked a),b),c)and d).you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.passage one questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

people living on part of the south coast of england face a serious problem.in 1993,the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered,to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight.the sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built.while experts were studying the problem.the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether,sliding down the cliff and into the sea.erosion(侵蚀)of the white cliffs along the south coast of england has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years.dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland.experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people,forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.angry owners have called on the government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes.government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases ,this is impossible .new sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast ,shifting the problem from one area to another.the danger is likely to continue ,they say ,until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is .meanwhile,if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future,apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of england.you can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.]

11. what is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of england face?

a)the rising of the sea level. b)the experts'lack of knowledge. c)the washing-away of limestone cliffs. d)the disappearance of hotels,houses and gardens.

12. the erosion of the white cliffs in the south of england________. a)will soon become a problem for people living in central england b)has now become a threat to the local residents c)can be stopped if proper measures are taken d)is quickly changing the map of england[page]

13. the experts study on the problem of erosion can .

a) warn people whose homes are in dangerb) provide an effective way to slow it downc) help to its eventual solutiond) lead to its eventual solution

14. it is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because .

a) house agents along the coast do not support the ideab) it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areasc) the government it too slow in taking actiond) they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents

15. according to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of england, people should .

a) take the quality of the house into considerationb) guard against being cheated by the house agentc) examine the house carefully before making a decisiond) be aware of the potential danger involved

passage twoquestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes(运动员). stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.the early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. the sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. the outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. in today’s youth sport setting. young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.

16. an effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is . a)to reduce their mental stress c)to make sports less competitive b)to increase their sense of success d)to make sports more challenging

17. according to the passage sport is positive for young people in that .

a) it can help them learn more about societyb) it enables them to find flaws in themselvesc) it can provide them with valuable experiencesd) it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

18. many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes _ .

a) believing that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentb) without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidencec) in order to make them remember life’s lessonsd) so as to put more pressure on them

19. according to the passage parents and coaches should .

a) pay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsb) help children to win every gamec) train children to cope with stressd) enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports

20. the author’s purpose in writing the passage is .

a) to teach young athletes how to avoid burnoutb) to persuade young children not to worry about criticismc) to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to childrend) to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragementpassage

threequestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. since the world’s population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.but that doesn’t have to be the outcome. water shortages do not have to trouble the world—if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. we can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. this means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. for example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation(灌溉)water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions(凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.no matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.[page]

21. what is the real cause of the patential water crisis.

a) only harf of the world’s warter can be used.b) the world population is inereasing faster and faster.c) half of the world’s water resources have been seriously polluted.d) humanity has not placed officient value on water resources.

22. as indicated in the passage, the water problem .

a) is already serious in certain parts of the world.b) has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldc) poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsd) is underestimated by government organizations at different levels

23. according to the author, the water price should .

a) be reduced to the minimumb) stimulate domestic demandc) correspond to its real valued) take into account the occurrences of droughts

24. the author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to .

a) build big lakes to store waterb) construct big pumping stationsc) build small and cheap irrigation systemsd) channel water from nearby rivers to cropland

25. in order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to .a) guarantee full protection of the environmentb) centralize the management of water resourcesc) increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsd) encourage local and regional of water resources

passage fourquestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

we can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. when it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular”coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). at one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). after a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). sales went into a slight decline （衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).the importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. the goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. one strategy is called market modification. it means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. a marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.another product extension strategy is called product modification. it involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. american auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.

26. according to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will .

a)decrease gradually c)improve enormously b)become unstable d)remain at the same level

27. the first paragraph tells us that a new product is .

a) usually introduced to satisfy different tastesb) often more expensive than old onesc) often inferior to old ones at firstd) not easily accepted by the public

28. marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to .

a)work out marketing policies c)promote its production b)increase its popularity d)speed up its life cycle

29. the author mentions the example of “backpacks”(line 4, para.2 ) to show the importance of .

a)increasing usage among students c)pleasing the young as well as the old b)exploring new market sections d)serving both military and civil needs30. in order to recover their share of the world market, u.s. auto makers are . a)improving product quality c)re-positioning their product in the market b)modernizing product style d)increasing product features[page]

part iii vocabulary and structure (20 minutes)directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

31. by the time he arrives in beijing, we here for two days.

a)will have stayed c)have been staying b)shall stay d)have stayed

32. according to the american federal government, residents of hawaii have the longest life :77.2 years.

a)rank c)scale b)span d)scope

33. the millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished.

a) had lost c)would lose b)would have lost d)should have lost

34. as a public relations officer, he is said some very influential people.

a) to know c)to have been knowing b) to be knowing d)to have known

35. our hopes and fell in the same instant.

a)arose c)rose b)raised d)aroused

36. with the development in science and technology man can make various flowers before their time.

a) be bloomed c) bloomed b) bloom d)blooming

37. a season ticket _______the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time.

a) entitles c)bloomed b) grants d)promises

38. _______in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.

a) someone c) anyone b) some d) one

39. in recent years much more emphasis has been put developing the students productive skills.

a) onto c) over b) in d) on

40. only a selected number of landladies in the neighbourhood have been allowed by the university to take in .

a) residents b) settlers b) lodgers d)inhabitants

41. the fire was finally brought under control, but not extensive damage had been caused.

a) before c) after b) since d) as

42. purchasing the new production line will be a deal for the company.

a) forceful c) favorite b) tremendous d)profitable

43. rod is determined to get a seat for the concert it means standing in a queue all night.

a) as if c) provided b) even if d) whatever

44. we hadn’t met for 20 years, but i recognized her i saw her .

a) the moment c) the moment when b) for the moment d) at the moment when

45. though he was born and brought up in america, he can speak chinese.

a) fluid c) fluent b) smooth d) flowing

46. government reports examination compositions legal documents and most business letters are the main situations formal language is used.

a) in which c) on which b) at what d) in that

47. fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun sightseeing.

a) rather than to go c) other than going b) more than going d) than to go

48. if the building project by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.

a) being completed c) to be completed b) is completed d) completed

49. he wrote an article criticizing the greek poet and won and a scholarship.

a) faith c) fame b) status d) courage

50. jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university.

a) studied c) had been studying b) study d) had studied

51. the older new england villages have changed relatively little a gas station or two in recent decades.

a) except for c) except b) in addition to d) besides

52. the car club couldn’t to meet the demands of all its members.

a) assume c) guarantee b) ensure d) confirm

53. extensive reporting on television has helped to interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.

a) assemble c) yield b) generate d) gather

54. the president promised to keep all the board members of how the negotiations were going on.

a) inform c) be informedb) informing d) informed

55. eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

a) attribute to c) contribute to b) attend to d) devote to

56. all the tasks ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.

a) been fulfilled c) were fulfilled b) having been fulfilled d) had been fulfilled[page]

57. this article more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning.

a) cares for c) allows forb) applies for d) calls for

58. he was punished he should make the same mistake again.

a) unless c) if b) provided d) lest

59. petrol is refined from the oil we take out of the ground.

a) crude c) rude b) fresh d) original

60. in the united states, st. louis has now become the 24th largest city.

a) being the fourth biggest city c) once the fourth biggest city b) it was once the fourth biggest city d) the fourth biggest city it was

part ⅳ cloze (15 minutes)directions:there are 20 blanks in the following passage.for each blank there are four choices marked a),b),c) and d) on the right side of the paper.you should choose the one that best fits into the passage.then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

more than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendships,what they expected 61 friends,what they were willing to give in 62 ,and how satisfied they were 63 the quality of their friendships.the 64 give little comfort to social critics.friendship 65 to be a unique form of 66 bonding .unlike marriage or the ties that 67 parents and children,it is not defined or regulated by 68 .unlike other social rotes that we are expected to 69 as citizens,employees,members of professional societies and 70 organizations-it has its own principle ,which is to promote 71 of warmth,trust,love,and affection 72 two people.the survey on friendship appeared in the march 73 of psychology today.the findings 74 that issues of trust and betrayal(背叛) are 75 to friendship.they also suggest that our readers do not 76 for friends only among those who are 77 like them,but find many 78 differ in race,religion,and ethnic(种族的)background.arguably the most impor tant 79 that emerges from the data, 80 ,is not something that we found-but what we did not.

大学英语四级考试college english test－band four－（4osh2）一、将自己的校名、姓名、学校代号填入本页左面各项内，准考证号填入右下角。二、试卷二共两部分：试卷一听力理解部分中的compound dictaion的答卷和part v writing，注意不要漏做。

parti section b compound dictation

dicections:in this section,you will hear a passage three times.when the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.when the passage is read for the second time ,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from s1 to s7 with the exact words you have just heard.for blanks numbered from s8 to s10 you are required to fill in the missing information. you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words .finally ,when the passage is read for the third time ,you should check what you have written.

if you are a young college student ,most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably(s1)_________on the present.basically,you want to feel good physically,mentally,and (s2)_______now.you probably don’t spend much time worrying about the (s3)_______future,such as whether you will develop heart disease,or (s4)________,how you will take care of yourself in your (s5)_______years,or how long you are going to live.such thoughts may have (s6)_______your mind once in a while however,if you are in your thirties ,forties ,fifties ,or older,such health related thoughts are likely to become(s7)________important to you .(s8) that will help you feel better physically and mentally .recently researchers have found that ,even in late adulthood,exercise,strength training with weights,and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life.(s9) giving us the opportunity to avoid some of health porblems that have troubled them.(s10)

part v writing (20 munutes)

directions: for this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.suppose you are zhang ying.write a letter to xial wang,a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday.you should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in chinese.[page]

1.表示欢迎

2.提出过度假安排的建议

3. 提醒应注意的事项a letter to a schoolmatejune 23,dear xiao wang yours.zhangying

part ⅰ1-5 cdaad 6-10 bcbcd

part ⅱ11-15 cbabd 16-20 acdac21-25 daccb 26-30 ddabc

part ⅲ31-35 abbdc 36-40 baadb41-45 adbac 46-50 acccd51-55 ddbdc 56-60 bddacpart ⅳ61-65 cabca 66-70 bdcad71-75 bdcad 76-80 dcacd

试卷二part ⅰs1 focused s2 emotionally s3 distant s4 cancers5 retirement s6 crossed s7 increasinglys8 regardless of your age,you can make a number of important changes in your current lifestyle.s9 we know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents did in the past.s10 and these new knowledge can be transmited to our children to help them become healthier than our generation.

听力原文part ⅰ1) w:i heard you got a full mark in maths exams.congratulations! m:thanks!i’m sure you also did a good job. q:what’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?

2) w:hi,tony.how did your experiment go yesterday? m:well,it wasn’t as easy as i had thought .i have to continue doing it to night. q:what do we learn from the conversation?

3) m:i hear you are moving into a new apartment soon? w:yes ,but it is more expensine.my present neighbour plays paino all night long. q:why is the woman moving?

4) w:mr jones,your student,bill, shows great enthusiasm for music instruments. m:i only wish he showed half as much for his english lessons. q:what do we learn from the conversation about bill?

5) w:oh ,dear!1’m starving,i can’t walk any farther. m:let’s go to the restaurant across the street and get something to eat. q:where are the two people?

6) w:why didn’t you make an appointment to see the doctor last week when you first twist your ankle? m:the injury didn’t seem serious then .i decided to go today ,because my foot still hurt .when i put my weigh on it . q:why didn’t the man .see the doctor earlier?

7) m:i wonder if suzy will be here by 5 o’clock. w:her husband said she left home at 4:30.she should be here at 5:10,and 5:15 at the latest. q:what time did suzy leave home?

8) w:when will you be through with your work,john? m:who knows? my boss usually finds something for me to do at the last minute. q:what do we learn from the conversation?

9) w:i don’t know what i’m going to wear to the party .all of my clothes look so old and i can’t afford something new . m:why don’t you wear your black silk dress? q:what is the woman going to do?

10) m:how did you like yesterday’s play?w:generally speaking,it was quite good.the part of secretary was played wonderfully,but i think the man who played the boss was too dramatic to be realistic. q:how does the woman feel about the man?

篇2：6月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案

partⅰ listening comprehension (20 minutes)

section a

directions: in this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the parse, you must read the four choices marked a), b), c)and d), and decide which is the best answer., then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

example: you will hear:

you will read: a) at the office. b) in the waiting room.

c) at the airport. d) in a restaurant.

from the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had

to finish in the evening. this is most likely to have taken place at the office. therefore, a) “at the office” is the best answer. yoju should choose ［a］ on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.

sample answer ［ a ］［b］［c］［d］

1.a) the woman feels sorry for the man. b) the man is a member of the staff.

c) the area is for passengers only. d) the woman is asking the man to leave.

2.a) clean her house while she is away. b) buy her some plants and take care of them.

c) water her plants while she is away.d) water her plants when he is not at work

3.a) he will only be available in the afternoon. b) it's not his office hour.

c) he doesn't have time. d) he is too tired after class.

4.a) the woman insists on going out.

b) the woman doesn't like watching tv.

c) the man promised her a gift on her birthday.

d) the man is too tired to go out.

5.a) there are too many courses offered to students.

b) the woman should take fewer courses next term.

c) the man will take four courses next semester.

d) it is wiser to take more than four courses.

6.a) ask tom to send an invitation. b) get the johnsons' address

c) invite tom to the party. d) tell tom to pick up the johnsons.

7.a) jane is looking for a summer job. b) jane is packing for the summer vacation.

c) jane is on her way home. d) jane is eager to go home for the vacation.

8.a) spending more time on sightseeing. b) visiting the city with a group.

c) touring the city on a fine day. d) taking the man with her on the tour.

9.a) the woman is driving too fast.

b) the woman is driving at a slow speed.

c) the woman has broken a traffic rule.

d) the woman has parked her car in a wrong place.

10.a) she can tell joan when she sees her at noon.

b) she should tell joan's brother about the reception.

c) she must call on joan after the reception.

d) she may see joan's brother at lunch.

section b

directions: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each

passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

passage one

questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.

11.a) to protect persons and property. b) to collect taxes.

c) to teach and train citizens. d) to save natural resources for future use.

12.a) by selling services that make life comfortable.

b) by selling land containing oil.

c) by selling public lands.

d) by selling coal and other natural products.

13.a) environmental pollution and protection. b) taxes and services for the public.

c) police efforts to protect people. d) people's attitude toward taxes.

passage two

questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.

14.a) he didn't like physics any more. b) his eyesight was too poor.

c) physics was too hard for him. d) he had to work to support himself.

15.a) he was not happy with the new director.

b) he was not qualified to be an engineer.

c) he wanted to travel.

d) he found his job boring.

16.a) he wanted to work with his friend. b) he enjoyed travelling around the world.

c) he wanted to go to spain. d) he was rejected by the engineering firm.

17.a) he enjoyed teaching english.

b) he wanted to earn more to support his family.[page]

c) the owner of the school promised his a good position.

d) he could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.

passage three

questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

18.a) it can be cooked in many ways.

b) it is delicious but inexpensive.

c) it gives higher yields than other grain crops.

d) it grows easily in various conditions.

19.a) fried potatoes b) tomato juice.

c) sweet corn d) chocolate beans.

20.a) they led to the discovery of america.

b) they made native american foods popular.

c) they brought great wealth to spain.

d) they made native american life styles wellknown.

part ⅱreading comprehension (35 minutes)

directions: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

the biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. in the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. the source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.

rtca, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止) such devices from being used during “critical” stages of light, particularly takeoff and landing. some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. and although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during takeoff and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.

the difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft's computers. experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. but, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.

the fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio system in order to damage navigation equipment. as worrying, though, is the passenger who can't hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music's too loud.

21.the passage is mainly about_______.

a) a new regulation for all airlines

b) the defects of electronic devices

c) a possible cause of aircraft crashes

d) effective safety measures for air flight

22.what is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?

a) they may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.

b) they may have taken place during takeoff and landing.

c) they were proved to have been caused by the passengers' portable computers.

d) they were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.

23.few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because_______.

a) they don't believe there is such a danger as radio interference

b) the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved

c) most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players

d) they have other effective safety measures to fall back on

24.why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane's computers?

a) because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.

b) because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.

c) because research scientists have not been to produce the same effects in labs.[page]

d) because sxperts lack adequate equipment to do such research.

25.it can be inferred from the passage that the author_______.

a) is in favor of prohibiting passengers' use of electronic devices completely

b) has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference

c) hasn't formed his own opinion on this problem

d) regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight

questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

the rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or pr.

surprisingly,since modern pr was largely an american invention,the u.s.leader ship in public relations is being threatened by pr efforts in other countries.ten years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were americanowned. in 1991, only one was. the british in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. a recent survey found that more than half of all british companies include pr as part of their corporate (公司的) planning activities, compared to about onethird of u.s. companies, it may not be long before london replaces new york as the capital of pr.

why is america lagging behind in the global pr race? first, americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. secondly, americans lag behind their european and asian counterparts (相对应的人)in knowing a second language. less than 5 percent of bursonmarshall's u.s. employees know two languages. ogilvy and mather has about the same percentage conversely, some european firms have half or more of their enployees fluent in a second language. finally, people involved in pr abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. in the financial pr area, for instance, most americans read the wall street journlal. orerseas, their counterparts read the journal as well as the financial times of london and the economist, pubications not often read in this country.

perhaps the pr industry might take a lesson from ted turner of cnn(cable news network). turner recently announced that the work “foreign” would no longer be used on cnn news broadcasts. according to turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependant that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.

26.according to the passage, u.s. leadership in public relations is being threatened because_______.

a) an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies

b) shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies

c) the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the u.s.

d) increased efforts of other countries in public relations

27.london could soon replace new york as the center of pr because_______.

a) british companies are more ambitious than u.s. companies

b) british companies place more importance on pr than u.s. companies

c) british companies are heavily involved in planning activities

d) four of the world's top public relations agencies are britishowned

28.the word “provincial” (line 2, para. 3) most probably means “_______”.

a) limited in outlook

b) like people from the provinces

c) rigid in thinking

d) interested in world financial affairs

29.we learn from the third paragraph that employees in the american pr industry_______.

a) speak at least one foreign language fluently

b) are ignorant about world geography

c) are not as sophisticated as their european counterparts

d) enjoy reading a great variety of english business publications

30.what lesson might the pr industry take from ted turner of cnn?

a) american pr companies should be more internationallyminded.

b) the american pr industry should develop global communications technologies.

c) people working in pr should be more fluent in foreign languages.

d) people involved in pr should avoid using the word “foreign”.

questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:[page]

brazil has become one of the developing world's great successes at reducing population growthbut more by accident that design. while countries such as india have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, brazil has had better result without really trying, says george martine at harvard.

brazil's population growth rate has dropped from 2.99％ a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93％ a year between 1981 and 1990, and brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other third world countries.

martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧) and instalment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. brazil is one of the world's biggest produceers of soap operas. globl, brazil's most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at leastone hour a night.most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

“although they have never really tried to work in a missage towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working,” says martine. “they sent this image to all parts of brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behaviour and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.”

meanwhile, the instalment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers.“this led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was in compatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction.” says martine.

31.according to the passage, brazil has cut back its population growth_______.

a) by educating its citizens

b) by careful family panning

c) by developing tv programmes

d) by chance

32.according to the passage, many third world countries_______.

a) haven't attached much importance to birth control

b) would soon join brazil in controlling their birth rate

c) haven't yet found an effective measure to control their population

d) neglected the role of tv plays in family planning

33.the phrase “puts it down to” (line 1, para. 3) is closest in meaning to “_______”

a) attributes it to

b) sums it up as

c) finds it a reason for

d) compares it to

34.soap operas have helped in lowering brazil's birth rate because_______.

a) they keep people sitting long hours watching tv

b) they have gradually changed people's way of life

c) people are drawn to their attractive package

d) they popularize birth control measures

35.what is martine's conclusion about brazil's population growth?

a) the increase in birth rate will promote consumption.

b) the desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.

c) consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.

d) a country's production is limited by its population growth.

questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

there seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. they probably came about just to five children something to do.

in the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. in societies where social roles are rigidly determined,boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. this is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

what is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. the changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. it is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. in egypt, the americas, china, japanand among the arctic (北极的) peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.[page]

because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use.the progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). the progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓)used by a baby in 3000 bc to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

36.the reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that_______.

a) their social roles are rigidly determined

b) most boys would like to follow their fathers' professions

c) boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers

d) they like challenging activities

37.one aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that_______.

a) technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys

b) the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of

universities

c) the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys

d) the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over

38.which of the following is the author's view on the historical development of toys?

a) the craftsmanship in toymaking has remained essentially unchanged.

b) toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.

c) the toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.

d) toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child's character.

39.regarded as a kind of art form, toys_______.

a) follow a direct line of ascent

b) also appeal greatly to adults

c) are not characterized by technological progress

d) reflect the pace of social progress

40.the author used the example of a rattle to show that_______.

a) in toymaking there is a continuity in the use of materials

b) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology

c) it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toymaking

d) even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time

part ⅲ vocabulary and structure (20 minutes)

41.he came back late, _______ which time all the guests had already left.

a) after b) by c) at d) during

42.i'm very sorry to have _______ you with so many questions on such an occasion.

a) interfered b) offended c) impressed d) bothered

43.if the whole operation _______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.

a) was not planned b) has not been planned

c) had not been planned d) were not planned

44.the price of beer _______ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.

a) altered b) ranged c) separated d) differed

45.his remarks left me _______ about his real purpose.

a) wondered b) wonder c) to wonder d) wondering

46.i have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him.

a) to speak b) spoken c) to have spoken d) speak

47.our son doesn't know what to _______ at the university; he can't make up his mind about his future.

a) take in b) take up c) take over d) take after

48.the house was very quiet, _______ as it was on the side of a mountain.

a) isolated b) isolating c) being isolated d) having been isolated

49.although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _______.

a) blank b) hollow c) vacant d) bare

50.being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling _______heavy schedules.

a) with regard to b) as to c) in relation to d) owint to

51.tony is very disappointed _______ the results of the exam.

a) with b) for c) toward d) on

52.william penn, the founder of pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.

a) peculiarly b) indifferently c) vigorously d) inevitably

53.i hope all the precautions against air pollution, _______ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.

a) while b) since c) after d) as

54.when people become unemployed, it is _____ which is often worse than lack of wages.[page]

a) laziness b) poverty c) idleness d) inability

55.i've never been to beijing, but it's the place _______.

a) where i'd like to visit b) in which i'd like to visit

c) i most want to visit d) that i want to visit it most

56._______ his sister, jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.

a) dislike b) unlike c) alike d) liking

57.this crop has similar qualities to the previous one, _______ both windresistant and adapted to the same type of soil.

a) being b) been c) to be d) having been.

58._______ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.

a) for b) since c) before d) while

59.some people would like to do shopping on sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _______ in the marker.

a) batteries b) bargains c) baskets d) barrels

60.we have been told that under no circumstances _______ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

a) may we use b) we may use c) we could use d) did we use

61.in previous times, when fresh meat was in short _______, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.

a) store b) provision c) reserve d) supply

62.as commanderinchief of the armed forces, i have directed that all measures _______ for our defense.

a) had been taken b) would be taken c) be taken d) to be taken

63.a thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _______ from the sort of candles used only in churches.

a) had come b) coming c) come d) that came

64.after the guests left, she spent half an hour _______ the sittingroom.

a) ordering b) arranging c) tidying up d) clearing away

65.i was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

a) to b) on c) at d) in

66.in no country _______ britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

a) other than b) more than c) better than d) rather than

67.a lorry _______ jane's cat and sped away.

a) ran over b) ran into c) ran through d) ran down

68.the project _______ by the end of , wil expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

a) accomplished b) being accomplished

c) to be accomplished d) having been accomplished

69._______ evidence that languageacquiring ability must be stimulated.

a) if being b) it is c) there is d) there being

70.those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _______.

a) appreciated b) approved c) appealed d) applied

试卷二

part ⅳ short answer questions (15 minutes)

directions: in this part, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. read the passage carefully. then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

for many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury:they must work to survive. others face a hard decision.

perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. one husband said, “marge and i decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance(奢侈) we couldn't afford.” with two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with badysitters(临时照看小孩 的人),transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actualy end up with less.

economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most impoortant. the most impoortant aspects of the decision have to do with t he emotional needs of each member of the family. it is in this area that husband s and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.

there are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprison ed(被囚人) if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. on the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.

from my own experience, i would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to is made in too much haste. there are few decisions that i now reget more. i wasn't mature enough to see how much i could have gained at home. i regret my impatience to get on with my career. i wish i had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl's eves.[page]

questions:(注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个 英语单词，标点符号不占格。)

s1. which word in the first two paragraphs best explains why many women have to work?

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

s2. why did marge and her husband think it an extravagance for marge to go back to work?

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

s3. what are the two major considerations in deciding whether women should go out to work?

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

s4. some women would rather do housework and take care of their children than pursue a career bacuse they feel______ .

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

s5. if given a second chance, the writer would probably choose to ______ .

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

partv writing (30 minutes)

directions:for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes t o write a composition on the topic:reading selectively or extensively? you should write at least 100 words, and your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below:

1.有人认为读书要有选择

2.有人认为应当博览群书。

3.我的看法

reading selectively or extensively?

196月大学英语四级考试试参考答案和录音文字材料

年6月大学英语四级考试（听力材料）

section a

1. w: excuse me, sir. you are not supposed to be here. this area is for airport staff only.

m: i'm sorry, i didn't note the sign.

q: what do we larn from the conversation?

2. w: if i buy some plants for the house, will you water them for me while i'm a way?

m: sure i will, if you water mine while i am on vacation.

q: what will the man do for the woman?

3. w: excuse me, professor hill. may i ask you a few questions?

m: yes, of course. but i'm sorry i have a class at ten. why don't you come in my office hours. that is 4 to 5 p.m. monday, thursday and friday.

q: why can't professor hill answer her question noew?

4. m: i don't feel lie going out. why don't we just stay home and watch tv instead?

w: come on! you promised to take me out for dinner and to the theatre on my birthday.

q: what do we learn from the conversation?

5. w: i'm thinking of taking five courses next semester.

m: wouldn't four be wiser?

q: what does the man mean?

6. w: i want to ask the johnsons to come to the party.do you know their address?

m: no. but i like them to come. i think tom can give you their address.

q: what is the woman going to do?

7. m: is jane looking forward to going home for the summer?

m: she is counting the days.

q: what does the woman imply?

8. w: i think i will take the half-day tour of the city.

m: why not the whole day?

q: what does the man suggest?

9. m: this is one-way street. didn't you ee the sign?

w: sorry. i didn't.

q: what do we learn from the conversation?

10.w: i ought to call joan, and tell her about the reception this evening.

m: why bother? you will see her at lunch.

q: what does the man mean?

section b

passage one

we use all sort of services without thinking how we get them. but such services cost money. we pay for them throught taxes. what would happen if everyone in a city stop. the street might not be cleaned. there would be no police force to pro tect people and property.

the chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property. more than three-fourths of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose .the next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. public money is used to pay the teachers and other public officials.

years ago the government made money from the sale of public lands. but most of the best public lands has now been sold. the money raised was used to help pay he cost of government. there are still some public lands that contain oil, coal, gas, and other natural products. they could be sold, but we want to save them for future years. so we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable.[page]

11. what's the chief duty of every government?

12. how did the government raise money in the past?

13. what is the passage mainly about?

passage two

when i was at school, my ambition was to be a pilot in the air force. but my eyesight wasn't good enought. so i had to give up the idea. i went to university and studies physics. i wanted to stay on there and do research, but my father died at about that time. so i thought i'd better get a job and earn my living. i started working in an engineering firm.

i expected to stay in that job for a long time. but then, they appointed a new managing director. i didn't get on with him, so i resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company. i would certainly have accepted the job if they had offered it to me, but on my way to the interview i met a friend certainly have accepted the job if they had offered it to me, but on my way to the interview i met a friend who was working for a travel agency. he offered me a job in spain. and i've always liked spain, so i took it.

i worked in the travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to south america. but i had just got married. so i decided to tay here. then we had a baby and i wasn't earning enough to support the faily. so i started giving english lessons at a school in the evening.

i liked the english teachingmore than working for the travel agency, and the n the owner of the school offered me a full-time job as a teacher. so i resigned from the agency. two years later, the owner of the school wanted to retire, so he asked me to take over as the director. and here i am.

14. why did the man give up studying physics?

15. why did the man resign from the engineeing firm?

16. why did the man take the job at the travel agency?

17. why did the man start to teach english part time?

passage three

columbus sailed from spain in september 1492, looking for gold. native americans greeted him, offering gifts of corn. columbus found little gold on that trip, but he collected many plants, including corn, to bring back to spain.

columbus didn't know it. but the corn was much more valuable than gold. farmers from europe to asia accepted it immediately. they grew it on cold mountainsides and in tropical forest. today it feeds millions of people all over the world .

on his second trip, columbus brought back a few chocalate beans to make chocalae. europeans and asians love this new drink, and soon they were paying a great deal of money for the beans. chocalate beans became so valuable in central america that they were used as cash for 200 years.

tomatoes and patatoes took some time to become popular. eventually, however, they became the basis of a lot of popular foods. it is hard to imagine life without fried potatoes or chocalate. thanks to native american cultures, many people are able to enjoy lots of tasty food.

18. why is corn feeding millions of people today?

19. what did columbus bring back on his second trip?

20. what was the result of columbus' two trips to america?

1999年6月大学英语四级考试参考答案

part i listening comprehension

1-10:dccab bdaca

11-20:acbda cbddb

part ii reading comprehension

21.c 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a

26.d 27.b 28.a 29.c 30.a

31.d 32.c 33.a 34.b 35.b

36.a 37.d 38.b 39.c 40.d

part iii vocabulary and structure

41.b 42.d 43.c 44.b 45.d

46.d 47.b 48.a 49.a 50.d

51.a 52.c 53.d 54.c 55.b

56.b 57.a 58.b 59.b 60.a

61.d 62.c 63.a 64.c 65.b

66.a 67.a 68.c 69.c 70.a

part iv short answer questions

s1.economics.

s2.because the increased cost will be more than marge's income.

s3.economic factors and emotional needs.

s4.that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.

s5.stay home.

part v writing(略)

篇3：历年英语四级真题及答案3套

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.

B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.

C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.

D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.

2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.

B) It found its way back to the park's zoo.

C) It became a great attraction for tourists.

D) It was sent to the animal control department.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) It is the largest of its kind.

B) It is going to be expanded.

C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.

D) It is staring an online exhibition.

4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia.

B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.

C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.

D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) Pick up trash.

B) Amuse visitors.

C) Deliver messages.

D) Play with children.

6. A) They are especially intelligent.

B) They are children's favorite.

C) They are quite easy to tame.

D) They are clean and pretty.

7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.

B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.

C) Children may contract bird diseases.

D) Children may overfeed the rooks.

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.

B) It will be hosted by famous professors.

C) It will cover different areas of science.

D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.

9. A)It will be more futuristic.

B) It will be more systematic.

C) It will be more entertaining.

D) It will be easier to understand.

10. A) People interested in science.

B) Youngsters eager to explore.

C) Children in their early teens.

D) Students majoring in science.

11. A) Offer professional advice.

B) Provide financial support.

C) Help promote it on the Internet.

D) Make episodes for its first season.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Unsure.

B) Helpless.

C) Concerned.

D) Dissatisfied.

13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.

B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.

C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.

D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.

14. A) Embarrassed.

B) Unconcerned.

C) Miserable.

D) Resentful.

15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.

B) Compare his present with his past only.

C) Always learn from others' achievements.

D) Treat others the way he would be treated.

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.

B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.

C) They are more likely to become engineers.

D) They have greater potential to be leaders.

17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.

B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.

c) Insist that boys and girls work together more.

D) Respond more positively to boys' comments.

18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials.

B) Provide a variety of optional courses.

C) Place great emphasis on test scores.

D) Pay extra attention to top students.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) It often rains cats and dogs.

B) It seldom rains in summer time.

C) It does not rain as much as people think.

D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.

20. A) They drive most of the time.

B) The rain is usually very light.

C) They have got used to the rain.

D) The rain comes mostly at night.

21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.

B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.

C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.

D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.

B) It results from exerting one's muscles continuously.

C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.

D) It comes from staining one's muscles in an unusual way.

23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.

B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.

C) They begin to make repairs immediately.

D) They gradually become fragmented.

24. A) About one week.

B) About two days.

C) About ten days.

D) About four weeks.

25. A) Apply muscle creams.

B) Drink plenty of water.

C) Have a hot shower.

D) Take pain-killers.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or __26__ the ruins of Angkor. It's hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It's the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is __27__ , and the label says “pure water”. But maybe what's inside is not so __28__ . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world __29__ microplastics?

That's the conclusion of a recently __30__ study, which analysed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, __31__ an average of 325 plastic particles per litre of water. These microplastics included a __32__ commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and __33__ containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organisation. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.

Confronted with this __34__ , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organisation has launched a review into the __35__ health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.

A) adequate

B) admiring

C) contains

D) defending

E) evidence

F) instant

G) liquid

H) modified

I) natural

J) potential

K) released

L) revealing

M) sealed

N) solves

O) substance

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You're At It

A) We've always been a hands-on, do it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.

B) Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.

C) The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members-including guys named Jobs and Wozniak-started making and inventing things they couldn't buy.

D) So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.

E) These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you, re learning to do.

F) Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It's not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world of textbooks. It's not the world of testing.

G) Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it's assigned by a teacher. We'll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project- based learning.

H) I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head—or you just borrow it from someone—and begin to develop it, repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. I'm interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.

I) In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize (使变得无足轻重) making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the; textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the straws, the cardboard tubes.

J) Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It doesn't have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It's to let them be in control and to drive the car.

K) Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn't the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.

L) The teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a diminished role for teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're creating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it's the human behaviors you're looking at. Are they engaged? Are they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling (受挫)? Do they need something that they don't have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?

M) My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enables us to be good learners. It's not the knowledge that is valuable; it's the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems-problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.

N) If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit t together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, “This is science, over here is history,” I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning?

O) I feel like this is a shift away from a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It's still in its early stages, but I think it's shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.

36.A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.

37.The teachers, role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process.

38.Coming up with an idea of one's own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making.

39.Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.

40.America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.

41.Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge.

42.Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.

43.The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.

44.The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.

45.Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor Goel already had eight teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of daily questions from students.

Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.

Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all the 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill with the questions and answers. After some adjustments and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students' questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn't know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with the virtual assistant and couldn't tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn't inform them about Jill's true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.

The goal of Professor Goel's virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all the questions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson will, of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of artificial intelligence than, say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.

46. What do we lear about Knowledge-Based Arificial Itelligence?

A) It is a robot that can answer students' questions.

B) It is a course designed for students to leamn online.

C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.

D) It is a computer program that aids student leaming.

47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?

A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.

B) His course was too difficult for the students.

C) Students' questions were too many to handle.

D) Too many students dropped out of his course.

48. What do we lear about Jill Watson?

A) She turned out to be a great sucess.

B) She got along pretty well with students.

C) She was unwelcome to students at first.

D) She was released online as an experiment.

49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?

A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.

B) They found her not as capable as expected.

C) They could not but admire her knowledge.

D) They could not tell her from a real person.

50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?

A) Launch different versions of her online.

B) Feed her with new questions and answers.

C) Assign her to answer more of students' questions.

D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don't hurt. Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.

Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goals, but others have fallen short of reaching even modest targets.

To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by science communications scholar Mike Sch?fer of the University of Zurich examined the content of the webpages for 371 recent campaigns.

Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as Experiment.com and Petridish.org only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors, since projects that answered questions from interested donors fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4,000 on average, with 30% receiving less than $1,000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.

Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success, most notably, the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on their own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researchers' efforts to reach the public, and people give because “they feel a connection to the person” who is doing the fundraising—not necessarily to the science.

51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?

A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.

B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.

C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.

D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.

52. What is the purpose of Mike Schafer' s research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?

A) To create atractive content for science websites.

B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.

C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.

D) To separate science projects from general ones.

53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfiunding campaign?

A) The potential benefit to future generations.

B) Its interaction with prospective donors.

C) Its originality in addressing financial issues.

D) The value of the proposed project.

54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?

A) They should be small to be sucessful.

B) They should be based on actual needs.

C) They should be assed with great care.

D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.

55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?

A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.

B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.

C) The significance and influence of the project itself.

D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参与国际交流项目，以拓宽其视野。通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣作出贡献。

篇4：历年英语四级真题及答案3套

Part Ⅰ Writing

Hi Mark,

I'm so glad that you have made up your mind to teach English in China. Before you make a decision about your precise destination, let me introduce my hometown, Chongqing.

Located in southwest China, Chongqing may not enjoy worldwide fame as much as Beijing or Shanghai, but it is a thriving metropolis with lower cost of living. Working and living here, you can achieve your career goals without feeling too much stress. The locals are known for being warm and hospitable, and you can teach in a way that feels good for you. To be sure, teaching a foreign language in a city where residents speak a dialect all the time can be very challenging. It takes time indeed to correct pronunciation mistakes each student makes. But since you are always praised for your kindness and patience, it should hardly be an obstacle for you.

Anyway, I will support and help you as much as possible, whichever city you go to. I believe living and teaching in China will be a pleasant and memorable experience for you.

Best wishes,

Li Ming

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1. D

2. D

3. B

4. C

5. A

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. C

10. A

11. B

12. D

13. A

14. C

15. B

16. C

17. D

18. A

19. C

20. B

21. D

22. D

23. A

24. B

25. C

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：BMICK LOGEJ

36-45：EICGK FBJDH

46-55：BCADC CBBAD

Part IV Translation

Chinese families attach great importance to their children's education. Many parents hold that they should work hard to ensure their children's access to good education. Not only are they perfectly willing to invest in their children's education, but they also spend much time urging them to study. Most parents expect their children to get admitted to elite universities. Owing to China s reform and opening-up, an increasing number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate in international exchange programs to broaden their horizons. Through these efforts, they expect their children grow up strong and healthy and make a contribution to the nation's development and prosperity.

篇5：上半年英语四级真题及答案

2020上半年英语四级真题及答案

Part I Writiig (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allouwed 30 minites to wrile an essagfonh online libraries. You can start your essay with the sentence “Online libraries are becoming increasingly popular“. You shouli urrite at least 120 wonds but no more then 180 words.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news

report, you will hear too or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) Ship traffic in the Atlantic.

B) Warm currents mn the ocean.

C) Exhaust from cars in Europe.

D) Particles emitted by power plants.

2. A) They need to be taken seriously.

B) They have a huge effect on fishery.

C) They might be causing trouble to air fights.

D) They may be affecting the world's climate.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) To appeal for higher wages.

B) To demand better health care.

C) To call for a permnanent security guard.

D) To dismiss the bad-tempered supervisor.

4. A) It had already taken strong action.

B) It would put customers' needs fiust.

C) It would take their appeal seriously.

D) It was seeking help from the police.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news repoirt you have just heard.

5. A) The road was flooded.

B) The road was blocked.

C) The road wasfrozen with snow.

D) The road was covered with spilled gas.

6. A) A truck plunged into a pool of liquid chocolate.

B) The heavy snow made driving very difficult.

C) The truck driver dozed off while driving.

D) A truck hit a barrier and overtumed.

7. A) It was a long time before the dleanup was fnished.

B) It was a hard task to remove the spilled substance.

C) It was fortunate that no passenger got injured.

D) It was difficult to contact the manufacturer.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you wil hear twoo long conversations. At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questioms will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding Letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) She wanted to save for a new phone.

C) She could enjoy discounts with cash.

B) She found it much safer to use cash.

D) She had been cheated using phone apps.

9. A) They can save a lot more time and trouble.

B) They find it less difficult to make purchases.

C) They derive greater pleasure from buying things.

D) They are less aware of the value of their money.

10. A) More valuable items.

B) More non-essential things.

C) Everyday necessities.

D) Electronic devices.

11. A) It can improve shopping efficiency.

B) It is altering the way of shopping.

C) It may lead to excessive spending.

D) It appeals more to younger people.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) He wanted to order some wooden furniture.

B) He had to change the furmiture delivery time.

C) He had a problem with the fumiture delivered.

D) He wanted the furmiture store to give him a refund.

13. A) Send the furniture back to the store.

B) Describe the fumiture he received.

C) Collect the fumiture he ordered.

D) Buy another brand of fumiture.

14. A) Correct their mistake.

B) Improve their service.

C) Apologize to his wife.

D) Give the money back.

15. A) She recommended a new style.

B) She offered some gift to the man.

C) She apologized to the man once more.

D) She checked all the items with the man.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best ansuwer. from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) Reading books of wisdom.

B) Tidying up one's home.

C) Sharing with others.

D) Donating to charity.

17. A) Things that make one happy.

B) Things that are becoming rare.

C) Things that occupy lttle space.

D) Things that cost a lot of money.

18. A) It joined the city's clean-up campaign.

B) It sold as many as fty boxes of books.

C) It received an incredibly large number of donated books.

D) It did lttle business because of the unusual cold weather.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) Give free meals to the homeless.

B) Provide shelter for the homeless.

C) Help the vulnerable to cook lunches.

D) Call for change in the local government.

20. A) Strengthen co-operation.

C) Win national support.

B) Promote understanding.

D) Follow his exarmple.

21. A) Spreading news of his deeds.

B) Writing him thank-you notes.

C) Following the example he sets.

D) Sending him hand- made bags.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) To solve word search puzzles.

B) To send smartphone messages.

C) To test their eyesight using a phone app.

D) To install some audio equipment in a lab.

23. A) They could not go on until the ringing stopped.

B) They could no longer concentrate on their task.

C) They grabbed the phone and called back right away.

D) They asked their experimenter to hang up the phone.

24. A) A rise In emotional problems.

B) A decline in sports activities.

C) A reduction in the amount of sleep.

D) A decline in academuc perforance.

25. A) Protect the eyesight of the younger generation.

B) Take effective measures to raise productivity.

C) Realize the disruptive effects of technology.

D) Ensure they have suffcient sleep every day.

Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankt following the passage.Read the passage through canfully before making your choices. Bach choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Ansuer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the wornds in the bankt more than once.

There're three main types of financial stress people encounter. The first type is apparent in people being stressed about the 26______ups and downs of investunent markets actually not so much the ups,but 27______ the downs. These people are usually unable or unprepared to endure the long haul.

The next common type of financial stress is that caused by debt. In a 28______percentage of cases of debt- induced financial stress, credit cards and loans will be a central element. Often there'll be a car loan and perhaps a mortgage, but credit cards often seem to be the gateway to debt related financial difculties for many.

The third type of stress and 29______ the least known is inherited fnancial stress, which is the most destructive. It is experienced by those who have grown up in households where their parents regularly 30______and fought about money. Money therefore becomes a stressful topic, and so the thought of sitting down and planning is an unattractive 31______

Those suffering inherited financial anciety 32______to follow one of two patterns. Either they put their head in the sand: they would 33______exarmining their financial statements, budgeting,and discussing fnancial matters with those closest to them. Alternatiely,they would go to the other,and micro-analyze everything, to the point of complete They're convinced that whatever decision they make will be the wrong one.

A) appearance

B) argued

C) avoid

D) considerable

E) definitely

F) extreme

G) inaction

H) incredibly

I) normal

J) possibly

K) proposition

L) rebelled

M) statement

N) tend

O) traditional

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage writh ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragmaphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph mone than once. Each paragraph is manked with a letter. Ansuwer the questioms by manking the corresponding letter om Ansuer Sheet 2.

Doctor's orders: Let children just play

A) Imagine a dnug that could enhance a child's creativity and critical thinking. Imagine that this drug were simple to make, safe to take, and could be had for free. The nation's leading pediatricians say this miracle compound exists. In a new clinical report, they are urging doctors to prescribe it liberally to the children in their care.

B)“This may seem old-fashioned, but there are skills to be leamed when kids aren't told what to do,said Dr.Michael Yogman, a Harvard Medical School pediatrician who led the drafting of the call to arms. Whether it's rough physical play, outdoor play or pretend play, kids derive important lessons from the chance to make things up as they go, he said.

C) The advice, issued Monday by the American Academy of Pediatrics, may come as a shock to some parents. After spending years fretting over which toys to buy, which apps to download and which skill-building programs如o send their kids to after school, letting them simply play or better yet, playing with them- could seem like a step backward. The pediatricians insist that it's not. The academy's guidance does not include specific recommendations for the dosing of play. Instead, it asks doctors to advise parents before their babies tum two that play is essential to healthy development.

D)“Play is not silly behavior,”the academy's report declares.It fosters children's creativity,cooperation, and problem- solving slills- all of which are critical for a 2lst century workforce.When parents engage in play with their children, it builds a wall against the harmful effects of all kinds of stress , including poverty, the academy says. In the pediatricians' view, essentially every life skill that's valued in adults can be built up with play.“ Collaboration, negotiation, decision-making,creativity, leadership, and increased physical activity are just some of the skills and benefts children gain through play,” they wrote. The pediatricians' appeal comes as kids are being squeezed by increasing academic demands at school and the constant invasion of digital media.

E) The trends have been a long time coming. Between 1981 and , detailed time use studies showed that the time children spent at play declined by 25 percent. Since the adoption of sweeping education reforms in ，public schools have steadily increased the amount of time devoted to preparing for

standardized tests. The focus on academic“skill and drills“ has cut deeply into recess

and other time for free play.

F) By , a study of Los Angeles kindergarten classrooms found that five year-olds were so burdened with academic requirements that they were down to an average of just 19 minutes per day of“choice time,” when they were permitted to play freely with blocks, toys or other children.One in four Los Angeles teachers reported there was no time at all for“ free play.”Increased academic pressures have left 30 percent of U. S. kindergarten classes without any recess. Such findings prompted the American Academy of Pediatrics to issue a policy statement in on the“crucial role of recess in school.”

G) Pediatricians aren't the only ones who have noticed. In a report titled“Crisis in the Kindergarten,“a group of educators, health professionals and child advocates called the loss of play in early childhood“a tragedy, both for the children themselves and for our nation and the world.”Kids in play-based kindergartens“ end up equally good or better at reading and other intellectual skills,and they are more likely to become well- adjusted healthy people,” the Alliance for Childhood said in 2009.Indeed, new research demonstrates why playing with blocks might have been time better spent, Yogman said. The trial asssed the effectiveness of an early mathematics intervention aimed a tpreschoolers.The results showed almost no gains in math achievement.

H) Another playtime thief: the growing proportion of kids' time spent in front of screens and digital devices, even among preschoolers. Last year, Common Sense Media reported that children up through age eight spent an average of two hours and 19 minutes in front of screens each day,including an average of 42 minutes a day for those under two. This increase of digital use comes with rising risks of obesity, sleep deprivation and cogmnitioe，language and social-emotional delays, the American Academy of Pediatrics warmed in .

I)“I respect that parents have busy lives and it's easy to hand a child an iPhone,“ Yogman said.“But there's a cost to that. For young children, it's much too passive. And kids really leam better when they're actively engaged and have to really discover things.

J) The decline of play is a special hazard for the roughly 1 in 5 children in the United States who live in poverty. These 14 million children most urgently need to develop the resilience that is cultivated with play. Instead, Yogman said, they are disproportionately affected by some of the trends that are making play scarce:academic pressures at schools that need to improve test scores,outside play areas that are limited or unsafe, and parents who lack the time or energy to share in playtime.

K) Yogman also worries about the pressures that squeeze playtime for more affluent kids. “The notion that as parents we need to schedule every minute of their time is not doing them a great service,” he said. Even well-meaning parents may be“robbing them of the opportunity to have that joy of discovery and curiosity- -the opportunity如o find things out on their own.

L) Play may not be a hard sell to kids. But UCLA pediatrician Carlos Lerner acknowledged that the pediaticians' new prescription may meet with skepticism from parents, who are anxious for advice on how to give their kids a leg up in the world. They should welcome the simplicity of the message, Lemner said.“It's liberating to be able to offer them this advice: that you spending time with your child and letting him play is one of the most valuable things you can do,“ he said.“It doesn't have to involve spending a lot of money or time , or joining a parenting group. It's something we can offer that's achievable. They just don't recognize it right now as particularly valuable. ”

36.Increased use of digital devices steals away children's playtime.

37.Since the beginning of this century, an increasing amount of time has been shifted in public schools from recess to academic activities.

38.It has been acknowledged that while kids may welcome pediatricians' recommendation， their parents may doubt its feasibility.

39.According to some professionals, deprivation of young children's playtime will do harm not only to children themselves but to the country and the world.

40.By playing with children, parents can prevent them from being harmed by stress.

41.Playing with digital devices discourages kds from active discovery, according to pediatrician Dr. Michael Yogman.

42.The suggestion of letting children simply play may sound like going backwards to parents who want to help build their children's skills.

43. Dr. Michael Yogman believes the idea that parents should carefully schedule children's time may not be helpful to their growth.

44. One quarter of teachers in an American city said that children in kindergartens had no time for playing freely.

45. According to a pediatrician, no matter what kind of play children engage in, they are leaming how to create things.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mank the corresponding letter on Ansuer

Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Paasage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Americans spend bilions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery.

Trying to live uψ to the images of“perfect” models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety,depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also has a fnancial cost.Having an eating disorder boosts arnual health care costs by nearly US $2 000 per person.

Why is there both extemal and internal pressure to look “ perfect“? One reason is that society rewards people who are thin and healthy-looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.

While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question.Does a person's own perception of body image matter to earmings and other indicators of success in the workplace?

Our recently published study answered this question by tracling a large national random sarmple of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.

As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight they think they're heavier than they are- -while men tend to under-perceive theirs.

We found no relationship between the average person's self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes，although self-perceived weight can influence self- esteem, mental health and health behaviors.

While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.

Since employers' perception of weight is what matters in the labor market,changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.

46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?

A) Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.

B) Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.

C) Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.

D) Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance.

47. What have researchers found out about people's eamings?

A) They are closely related to people's social status.

B) They have to do with people's body weight and shape.

C) They seem to matter much less to men than to women.

D) They may not be equal to people's contributions.

48. What does the author's recent study focus on?

A) Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.

B) Traits that matter most in one's pursuit of success in the labor market.

C) Whether self-perception of body image impacts one's workplace success.

D) How bosses' perception of body image impacts employees' advancement.

49. What is the finding of the author's recent research?

A) Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.

B) People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight.

C) Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.

D) Gender inequality continues to fnustrate a lot of female employees.

50. What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?

A) Banning discrimination on the basis of employees' body image.

B) Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.

C) Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.

D) Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following paasage.

The work-life balance is dead. By this, I'm not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulblling career and a thriving personal life, and I'm definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but T'm arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it's too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.

At the minimum, most of us work because we want如be able to support ourselves , our fanilies,and the people around us. In the ideal world, we're all doing work that we're proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn't give you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society. When you separate work and life, it's a lttle bit harder to make that connection.But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete experience, it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another.

Losing your balance and falling isn't pleasant. A goal to balance suggests that things could quickly get off balance, and that causes terible outcomes. It's more constructive to think of solutions that continue to evolve over shifts in life and work. Rather than falling or failing, you may have good days or better days or not-so-good days. These variations are normal, and it's more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.

How we tlk to ourselves matters, and how we talk about issues makes a difference. Let's bury “work-life balance”and think bigger and better about work-life fulfllment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.

51. What does the author suggest by saying“The work-life balance is dead”?

A) The hope of achieving a thriving life is impossible to realize.

B) The pursuit of a ful6lling career involves personal sacrifice.

C) The imbalance between work and life simply doesn't exist anymore.

D) The concept of work-life balance contributes lttle to a flflling life.

52. What does the author say about our use of language?

A) It impacts how we think and behave.

C) It reflects how we communicate.

B) It changes with the passage of time.

D) It differs from person to person.

53. What does the author say we do in an ideal world?

A) We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.

B) We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.

C) We do meaningful work that contributes to society.

D) We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.

54. What does the author say about life?

A) It is cyclical.

C) It is fuflling.

B) It is dynamic.

D) It is risky.

55. What does the author advise us to do?

A) Make life as simple as possible.

C) Balance life and work in a new way.

B) Talk about balance in simpler terms.

D) Strive for a more fulflling life.

Part IV

Translation(30 minutes )

Directions: For this part, you are allouwed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Ansuer Sheet 2.

茅台( Moutai)是中国最有名的白酒,在新中国成立前夕，被选为国宴用酒。据说赤水沿岸的村民四千年前就开始酿造茅台。在西汉时期，那里的人们生产出了高质量的茅台，并把它贡给皇帝。自唐朝开始,这种地方酒通过海上丝绸之路运往海外。茅台味道柔和,有一种特殊的香味;适量饮用可以帮助缓解疲劳，有镇静作用,因而广受国内外消费者的喜爱。

英语四级复习方法

一，考试前两个月准备资料

准备四级考试各种资料书，比如，词汇书，真题库，练习题等等。第一轮学习不必开始做真题或是整套的练习题，而是从词汇，听力，阅读单项开始复习。每天坚持背50个词汇，早上记忆，中午复习，晚上巩固，第二天在复习。每天坚持如此。挑选词汇书，不能挑太厚的，这样携带不方便。最好是小巧的厚薄适中的词汇书，不但易于携带而且容易背完，有成就感。

二，做单项试题的强化练习

做一套真题，严格按照考试时间，最后评估，自己在各项试题的表现，针对考试结果，做单项强化训练。例如，听力，写作，翻译，阅读，都要有专门的练习计划，要研究试题的特点，做题方法和技巧

三，做一个精细的复习计划

1. 每周日记

星期一至星期五六点半起床，背50个单词;课堂休息时间可以把早上背的单词复习一遍。中午休息时间抽出半个小时写一篇作文或是翻译一篇短文。然后在空闲时间修改，并把范文里优美实用的词句记录下来，积累语句。另外，要按计划进行专项试题复习，练习前把题型特点和解题方法复习一次。按规定时间昨晚试题，做试题时要根据之前整理过的做题思路做题。做完试题后把试题整理一下，尤其是阅读题，要对照中英文翻译，把难句长句记在本子上，空闲时间背一下。对于听力，试题做完后，要反复听试题，直到每一个句子都听懂。

充分利用晚自习时间。先总结今天的复习成果，对还有疑问不解的地方，在复习巩固一下。当天被动单词进查漏补缺，看还有哪些单词没记住。对各类题型的做题心得和解题方法整理一下，以便随时调整备考策略。然后计划第二天的复习事项。

利用周末时间，复习背过的单词和做过的试题，对一周以来的备考进行总结，查漏补缺。

2. 临考复习

四级考试通常在学期末的十六周周六举行，这个时候临近期末考，课基本讲完。所以这时候有更多是时间来重点复习四级。这个时候已经不必专门背单词了。更多的是，对四级试题要有一个全面的复习，了解考试过程中可能出现的意外并想好对应策略。把每个单向实体再复习总结一下;

譬如作文，可以复习这学期以来积累的各种词句，写作手法，常用的单词，模板。每天仍坚持写一篇作文，然后对照范文，看自己是否写的合适主旨，是否跑题以及语法错误等等。熟悉各种作文试题的类型，例如议论文，记叙文。如果是议论文你擅长的论证方法是哪种，为此积累了哪些词句，争取在拿到试题时，可以快速列好写作提纲和全篇的布局。阅读题：总结出题规律，做题节凑，试题的方向。一般阅读题的做题方法是先迅速审题，划出题眼，然后快速在文章中锁定答案区域，找到正确选项。听力题：对于听力题目，要早发卷后快速浏览试题，力求对听力播放的内容有一点了解。听力时，注意题目中对话出现过的关键词，通常答案就是那里。如果是一个人自述，就是注意他说话时的起承转合，比如 and, but, however等等。

翻译题; 翻译题的话，只要平时单词备好，语法有认真学习并掌握的话基本不会有太大问题。就是做题时，注意书面整洁，不要在不确定时就下笔，然后发现翻译不合适就花掉。这样就会卷面很不整洁，容易被扣分。

篇6：历年大学英语四级真题及答案

6大学英语四级真题及答案 (第3套)

四级写作

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 80 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

四级听力

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

说明：由于206月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

四级阅读

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs （暗礁） perfect for scuba diving （水肺式潜泳） and preserving marine __26__. Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldn't normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was __27__ of everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane __28__ the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new underwater attraction will bring tourists to the area.

The plane __29__ a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers will __30__ be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane's __31__ Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US $ 100, 000, but they hope to see a return on that __32__ through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the __33__ of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest __34__ sunk aircraft ever.

Taking a trip underwater and __35__ the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver's paradise （天堂）.

A) create

B) depressed

C) eventually

D) experiences

E) exploring

F) exterior

G) habitats

H) innovate

I) intentionally

J) investment

K) revealing

L) stretches

M) stripped

N) territory

O) victim

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You're At It

A) We've always been a hands-on, do it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.

B) Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.

C) The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members-including guys named Jobs and Wozniak-started making and inventing things they couldn't buy.

D) So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.

E) These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you, re learning to do.

F) Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It's not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world of textbooks. It's not the world of testing.

G) Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it's assigned by a teacher. We'll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project- based learning.

H) I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head—or you just borrow it from someone—and begin to develop it, repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. I'm interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.

I) In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize （使变得无足轻重） making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the; textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the straws, the cardboard tubes.

J) Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It doesn't have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It's to let them be in control and to drive the car.

K) Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn't the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.

L) The teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a diminished role for teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're creating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it's the human behaviors you're looking at. Are they engaged? Are they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling （受挫）？ Do they need something that they don't have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?

M) My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enables us to be good learners. It's not the knowledge that is valuable; it's the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems-problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.

N) If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit t together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, “This is science, over here is history,” I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning?

O) I feel like this is a shift away from a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It's still in its early stages, but I think it's shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.

36.A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.

37.The teachers, role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process.

38.Coming up with an idea of one's own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making.

39.Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.

40.America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.

41.Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge.

42.Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.

43.The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.

44.The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.

45.Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time to unlearn that training-this summer, a group of culture addicts, artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor's Island.

The project is called Writing On It All, and it's a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor's Island every summer since 2013.

“Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons, or they just kind of happen to be there,” Alexandra Chasin, artistic director of Writing On It All, tells Smithsonian, com.

The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers. Each session has a theme, and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile.

Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. Now known as “New York's shared space for art and play,” the island, which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay, is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flock for festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these “legal graffiti (涂鸦）” sessions.

The notes and art scribbled (涂画）on the walls are an experiment in self-expression. So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85. Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her.

“One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls,” says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of those killed because of it. “People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages.”

46. What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do?

A) Unlearn their training in drawing.

B) Participate in a state graffiti show.

C) Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti.

D) Exhibit their artistic creations in an old house.

47. What do we learn about the participants in the project?

A) They are just culture addicts.

B) They are graffiti enthusiasts.

C) They are writers and artists.

D) They are mostly passers-by.

48. What did the project participants do during the 2016 season?

A) They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind.

B) They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session.

C) They learned the techniques of collaborative writing.

D) They were required to cooperate with other creators.

49. What kind of place is Governor's Island?

A) It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists.

B) It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles.

C) It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles.

D) It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round.

50. What does Chasin say about the project?

A) It just focused on the sufferings of black females.

B) It helped expand the influence of graffiti art.

C) It has started the career of many creative artists.

D) It has created some meaningful artistic works.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.

The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive （认知的）behavioral therapy (CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.

Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.

A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized （随机的）control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care I from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background' severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants （抗抑郁药）.

After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors.

“It's an important, cautionary note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists,” says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. “We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed. ”

Being depressed can mean feeling “lost in your own small' negative, dark world,” Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation. “When you're emotionally vulnerable, you're even more in need of a caring human being,” he says.

51. What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?

A) Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.

B) Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.

C) They can save patients trouble visiting physicians.

D) They have been well received by a lot of patients.

52. What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?

A) Their effectiveness in combating depression.

B) The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.

C) Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.

D) The recommendation by primary care doctors.

53. What is the major finding by researchers at the University of York?

A) Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from physicians.

B) The process of treating depression is often more complicated than anticipated.

C) The combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is most effective.

D) Depression is a mental condition which is to be treated with extreme caution.

54. What is Professor Dowrick's advice concerning online CBT programs?

A) They should not be neglected in primary care.

B) Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.

C) They should be used by strictly following instructions.

D) Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists.

55. What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?

A) A positive state of mind.

B) Appropriate medication.

C) Timely encouragement.

D) Human interaction.

四级翻译

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有多年历史。剪纸很可能源于汉代，继纸张发明之后。从此，它在中国的许多地方得到了普及。剪纸用的材料和工具很简单：纸和剪刀。剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的，因为红色在中国传统文化中与幸福相联。因此，在婚礼、春节等喜庆场合，红颜色的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选。

年6月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part Ⅰ Writing

A Visit to Elderly People Brings Them Great Laughter and Joy

Students from the School of Physics took part in a volunteer activity organized by the Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood this weekend, bringing them great laughter and joy.

With the increasing awareness of the aging of population, the whole society sets out to take better care of and show more respect for our senior citizens for their lifelong dedication and commitment to our society. In response to the call, this weekend a group of volunteers went to the local community to communicate with the elderly and help them with some housework. Much pleased at their coming, all the elderly people expressed their sincere thanks for young volunteers' company. In the light of many adult children not being able to visit their aging parents frequently, many old people have to endure loneliness. Thus, what matters most to than is the company and listening attentively is just a good idea.

The Student Union expressed their willingness to sponsor more meaningful activities like this to serve our society with college students' passion and talents.

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：GMALC FJOIE

36-45：ELHFA JGNDI

46-55：CDBAD ACABD

Part IV Translation

Paper cutting is a unique form of Chinese folk art and has a history of more than 2,000 years. Paper cutting probably originates in the Han Dynasty, following the invention of paper. Since then, it has gained popularity in many places of China. The materials and tools used for paper cutting are simple: paper and scissors. Paper-cuts are usually made of red paper, because red is associated with happiness in traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, on festive occasions such as weddings and the Chinese New Year, red paper-cuts are the first choice for decorating doors and windows.

2019年6月英语四级考试真题试卷(第2套)

四级写作

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope Elementary School organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

四级听力

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) Heavy floods.

B) Safety concerns.

C) Bad economy.

D) Workers' strikes.

2. A) It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.

B) It provides many job opportunities for French people.

C) It is the biggest concern of the French government.

D) It plays an important role in the nation's economy.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) To carry out a scientific survey.

B) To establish a new research station.

C) To rescue two sick American workers.

D) To deliver urgent medical supplies.

4. A) The darkness and cold.

B) The heavy snow and fog.

C) The biting winds.

D) The ice all around.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) By tying it to a door handle.

B) By shaking it back and forth.

C) With a remote control craft.

D) With a full-sized helicopter.

6. A) He has lots of fans on Facebook.

B) He has rich experience in flying.

C) He often suffers from toothaches.

D) He has learned to pull teeth from a video.

7. A) Spend more time together.

B) Tell them adventure stories.

C) Do something fun and creative.

D) Play with them in a safe place.

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) To confirm an urgent appointment.

B) To collect a package from the woman.

C) To ask the woman to sign a document.

D) To arrange the delivery of a package.

9. A) She is doing shopping.

B) She is visiting a friend.

C) She is not at home.

D) She is not feeling well.

10. A) He will be off duty the whole day.

B) He will be working somewhere else.

C) He will have to have his car repaired.

D) He will be too busy to spare any time.

11. A) Sign her name.

B) Confirm online.

C) Pay a small fee.

D) Show up in person.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Vacation in Italy.

B) Study abroad.

C) Throw a farewell party.

D) Go to a fashion show in Milan.

13. A) Quite sleepy.

B) Very excited.

C) Rather depressed.

D) Nearly exhausted.

14. A) He has to attend a party.

B) He has to meet a friend.

C) He has to make a presentation.

D) He has to finish an assignment.

15. A) Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.

B) Meet the woman at the Black Cat Cafe.

C) Drive the woman to the airport.

D) Have lunch with the woman.

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) It has kept growing over the centuries.

B) Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.

C) Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.

D) It has a recorded history of 1,500 years.

17. A) They are now a tourist destination.

B) They attract a lot of migrating birds.

C) They provide shelter for the farmers.

D) They make good fields for farming.

18. A) They nest on the volcano's slopes.

B) They feed on certain small mammals.

C) They compete with each other for food.

D) They match large mammals in strength.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) He is self-employed.

B) He is a career advisor.

C) He studies talent.

D) He owns a magazine.

20. A) Doing what they like best.

B) Loving the work they do.

C) Making no excuses for failures.

D) Following their natural instinct.

21. A) It does not come to anything without hard work.

B) It may prove to be quite different from hard work.

C) It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.

D) It does not come to you until something special happens.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) It is a bit difficult to learn.

B) It was popular in New Zealand.

C) It is a traditional type of ballet.

D) It evolved in the mid-1970s.

23. A) She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.

B) She used to be a ballet dancer herself.

C) She hated to see her idling about.

D) She was too busy to look after her.

24. A) After she started teaching English.

B) Before she left for New Zealand.

C) When she moved to New York City.

D) Once she began to live on her own.

25. A) It has renewed her passion for life.

B) It has made her happy and energetic.

C) It has helped her make new friends.

D) It has enabled her to start a new career.

四级阅读

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mean that animals don't have culture. There's no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most __26__ predators （食肉动物）, killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.

The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere,” which __29__ means “to cultivate.” In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilize this fat- rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.

Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet with an empire that __34__ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey （猎物）. This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals, genetic development.

A) acquired

B) adaptations

C) brutal

D) deliberately

E) expressed

F) extends

G) habitats

H) humble

I) image

J) literally

K) refined

L) revolves

M) speculate

N) structure

O) thrive

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18- to 34-year-olds

A)Broad demographic (人口的）shifts in marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U. S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives -- where they call home. In , for the first time in more than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents' home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.

B)This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around I960, when 62% of the nation's 18- to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.

C)By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.

D)It's worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35% of the nation's 18- to 34-year- olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.

E)Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men aged 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since 2009. In 2014, 28% of young men were living with a spouse or partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent (s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse or romantic partner (35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s) (29%).

F)In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.

G)A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young adults living with their I parents. The first is the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today's young adults may never marry. While cohabitation (同居）has been on the rise, the overall ! share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.

H)In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18- to 34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men's wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹）since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to . As wages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.

I).Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be able to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage-which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men-may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.

J) The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net helping young adults to weather the economic storm.

K) Beyond gender, young adults, living arrangements differ considerably by education—which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor's degree, as of living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18- to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor's degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parents(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.

36.Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.

37.In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.

38.The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.

39.Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds lived in their parents' home.

40.Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.

41.Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.

42.More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.

43.The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.

44.The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents.

45.One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that they get married late or stay single all their lives.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.

So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.

It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.

Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate （选民）and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.

As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.

46.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?

A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.

B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.

C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.

D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.

47.What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?

A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.

B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.

C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.

D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.

48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?

A) Personality traits.

B) Gender bias.

C) Family responsibilities.

D) Lack of vacancies.

49.What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?

A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.

B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.

C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.

D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.

50.What do most Americans expect to see soon on America's political stage?

A) A woman in the highest position of government.

B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.

C) A majority of women voting for a female president.

D) As many women in top government positions as men.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.

The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.

James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays e less key role,” he added.

A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的）disease among taller people.”

But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.

“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.

Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”

51.What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last hundred years?

A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.

B) There has been a marked increase in most countries.

C) The increase in people's height has been quickening.

D) The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.

52.What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people's height?

A) It counts less than generally thought.

B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.

C) It impacts more on an individual than on a population.

D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.

53.What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?

A) They tend to live longer.

B) They enjoy an easier life.

C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.

D) They have greater expectations in life.

54.What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?

A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.

B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.

C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.

D) They have experienced many changes of government.

55.What does James Bentham suggest we do?

A) Watch closely the global trend in children's development.

B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.

C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.

D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.

四级翻译

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

灯笼起源于东汉, 最初主要用于照明。在唐代，人们用红灯笼来庆祝安定的生活。从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来。灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异。在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆等节日期间悬挂。如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。

Part Ⅰ Writing

A Visit to Fanhai Hope Elementary School Received a Warm Welcome

A two-day visit to Fanhai Hope Elementary School organized by the Student Union of our university has been completed as scheduled this weekend.

Aiming at fostering college students' service awareness and helping pupils of rural areas better understand the colorful college life so as to motivate them to study harder, the Student Union organized an activity named A Trip of Love Seed. A team of 30 college students' participated in this trip. The visit was warmly welcomed by all the students and staff of Fanhai, followed by a range of colorful activities, such as the interaction among students about the fascinating college life, a visit to the school art show of students' works of painting and handicraft and teaching activities focusing on showing the magical science world to the pupils.

Both the pupils and our college students were actively involved in all these brilliant activities. And the headmaster of Fanhai spoke highly of this trip as well as the devotion, enthusiasm and creativity of our students.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1. B

2. D

3. C

4. A

5. D

6. B

7. C

8. D

9. C

10. B

11. A

12. B

13. C

14. D

15. A

16. C

17. D

18. B

19. A

20. B

21. A

22. D

23. C

24. A

25. B

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：CIKJA BOGFM

36-45：HEGBK FIHGJ

46-55：DCBDA BCABD

Part IV Translation

Lanterns originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and were at first used primarily for lighting. In the Tang Dynasty, people used red lanterns to celebrate a stable life. Since then, lanterns have became popular in many parts of China. Lanterns are usually made of brightly-colored tissue paper in a variety of shapes and sizes. In traditional Chinese culture, red lanterns symbolize a happy life and flourishing business, usually hung during festivals like the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and National Day. Today, red lanterns can be seen in many other parts of the world.

2019年6月英语四级考试真题( 第1套)

四级写作

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

四级听力

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.

B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.

C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.

D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.

2. A) He doubled the reward.

B) He cheered him on all the way.

C) He set him an example.

D) He had the event covered on TV.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) To end the one-child policy.

B) To encourage late marriage.

C) To increase working efficiency.

D) To give people more time to travel.

4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.

B) They will help to popularize early marriage.

C) They will boost China's economic growth.

D) They will not come into immediate effect.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.

B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.

C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.

D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.

6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.

B) It leaves the house in a mess.

C) It makes party goers exhausted.

D) It creates noise and misconduct.

7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.

B) Visit the U.S. and Canada.

C) Settle a legal dispute.

D) Expand their business.

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) He had a driving lesson.

B) He got his driver's license.

C) He took the driver's theory exam.

D) He passed the driver's road test.

9. A) He was not well prepared.

B) He did not get to the exam in time.

C) He was not used to the test format.

D) He did not follow the test procedure.

10. A) They are tough.

B) They are costly.

C) They are helpful.

D) They are too short.

11. A) Pass his road test the first time.

B) Test-drive a few times on highways.

C) Find an experienced driving instructor.

D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Where the woman studies.

B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.

C) Leed's tuition for international students.

D) How to apply for studies at a university.

13. A) Apply to an American university.

B) Do research on higher education.

C) Perform in a famous musical.

D) Pursue postgraduate studies.

14. A) His favorable recommendations.

B) His outstanding musical talent.

C) His academic excellence.

D) His unique experience.

15. A) Do a master's degree.

B) Settle down in England.

C) Travel widely.

D) Teach overseas.

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.

B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.

C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.

D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.

17. A) They are larger than many other species.

B) They can cause damage to people's homes.

C) They can survive a long time without water.

D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.

18. A) Deny them access to any food.

B) Keep doors and windows shut.

C) Destroy their colonies close by.

D) Refrain from eating sugary food.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) The function of the human immune system.

B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.

C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.

D) The change in people's immune system as they get older.

20. A) Report their illnesses.

B) Offer blood samples.

C) Act as research assistants.

D) Help to interview patients.

21. A) Strengthening people's immunity to infection.

B) Better understanding patients' immune system.

C) Helping improve old people's health conditions.

D) Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.

B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.

C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.

D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.

23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.

B) Join the school's chess team.

C) Participate in a national chess competition.

D) Receive training for a chess competition.

24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.

B) Many have become national chess champions.

C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.

D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.

25. A) Actions speak louder than words.

B) Think twice before taking action.

C) Translate their words into action.

D) Take action before it gets too late.

四级阅读

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has __26__ from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.

In a __27__ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced __28__ that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.

“Michigan's __29__ in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to __30__ our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead __31__ of four bills recently introduced.

If all four bills pass as written, they would __32__ a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self- driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand __33__ of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.

Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In __34__ , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more __35__ rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.

A) bid

B) contrast

C) deputy

D) dominance

E) fleets

F) knots

G) legislation

H) migrated

I) replace

J) represent

K) restrictive

L) reward

M) significant

N) sponsor

O) transmitted

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100

A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians (百岁老人). Worldwide, probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.

B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.

C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.

D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career； These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone (里程碑) had shifted to age 29.

E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.

F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive (认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.

G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.

H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.

I) It seems likely, then’ that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or even more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.

J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.

K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.

L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.

M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.

N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.

36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.

37. Just extending one's career may have both positive and negative effects.

38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.

39. Because of their longer lifespan? young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.

40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.

41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life.

42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.

43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.

44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.

45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

In the classic marriage vow (誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband— becomes seriously ill.

“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,” said researcher Amelia Karraker.

Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.

The researchers examined how the onset (发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic (慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.

“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said. “They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the ones who become ill, they're more likely to get divorced.”

While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”

Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.

“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”

46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?

A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.

B) They are as binding as they used to be.

C) They are not taken seriously any more.

D) They may help couples tide over hard times.

47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?

A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.

B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.

C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.

D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.

48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?

A) They are more likely to be widowed.

B) They are more likely to get divorced.

C) They are less likely to receive good care.

D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.

49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?

A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.

B) They find it more important to make money for the family.

C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.

D) They expect society to do more of the job.

50. What does Karraker think is also important?

A) Reducing marital stress on wives.

C) Providing extra care for divorced women.

B) Stabilizing old couples' relations.

D) Making men pay for their wives, health costs.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling's (兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?

Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.

The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group.”

The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.

The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.

In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.

51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?

A) Unwanted.

B) Unhappy.

C) Confused.

D) Indifferent.

52. What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?

A) It is related to the way our memories work.

B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.

C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.

D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.

53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?

A) Similar personality traits.

B) Similar spellings of names.

C) Similar physical appearance.

D) Similar pronunciation of names.

54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?

A) It more often than not hurts relationships.

B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.

C) It is most frequently found in extended families.

D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.

55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?

A) They suffer more frustrations.

B) They become worn out more often.

C) They communicate more with their children.

D) They generally take on more work at home.

四级翻译

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。在狮子舞中，两位表演者同披一件狮子服，一个舞动头部，另一个舞动身体和尾巴。他们熟练配合，模仿狮子的各种动作。狮子是兽中之王，象征幸福和好运，所以人们通常在春节和其他节日期间表演狮子舞。狮子舞也可能出现在其他重要场合，如商店开业和结婚典礼，往往吸引许多人观赏。

四级答案

2019年6月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part Ⅰ Writing

A Visit to Guangming Farm Opens Students' Eyes

Sponsored by the Student Union, a total of 30 students paid a visit to Guangming Farm, a local farm 50 kilometers away from our university on June 8, 2019.

Guangming Farm is a state-owned farm mainly planting crops such as wheat and corn and producing milk and dairy products. During this visit, students saw the grand farmland and were deeply Impressed by the modern agricultural technology and the completely automotive operation of wheat harvest in particular. The trip culminated in a visit to a manufacturing process of dairy products. Mary, a student from the Department of Foreign Languages, said at the thought of agriculture, what occurred to her was the images of sweating peasants laboring in their field under the Sun. However, this trip totally changed her stereotype of Chinese agriculture.

The trip of fieldwork deepens college students' understanding of the rapid social development by what they have witnessed in person, and will exert an ever-lasting influence upon their future study and work.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1. A

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. C

6. B

7. D

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. A

12. C

13. D

14. B

15. D

16. C

17. B

18. A

19. D

20. B

21. C

22. D

23. C

24. A

25. B

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：HAGDI NJEBK

36-45：IGDNA KHFMC

46-55：ADBAC BADDC

Part IV Translation

The lion dance has been a traditional Chinese folk art for more than 2000 years. In the lion dance, two performers share a lion costume, one moving the head and the other moving the body and tail. They skillfully cooperate to imitate the various movements of a lion. As the king of beasts, the lion symbolizes happiness and good luck, so people usually perform lion dances during the Spring Festival and other festivals. Lion dances can also be seen on other important occasions, such as store openings and wedding ceremonies, which often attract many people to watch.

篇7：英语四级作文真题答案

Part Ⅰ Writing

Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

篇8：英语四级作文真题答案

Dear Thomas，

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude to you.It is very kind of you to help me out when I was in difficulty.

As you may know，I have been addicted to the Internet for quite a while.Every day I would spend a whopping one-quarter of waking hours in the virtual world connecting with people on the net，as a substitution for real-life human connection.Having realized the harmful effects of excessive use of the Internet，you made great efforts to discourage me from Internet addiction.Fortunately,with your persistent support and selfless assistance，I have freed myself from Internet obsession now.A friend in need is a friend indeed;I am deeply indebted to you for your timely help and l will cherish our friendship forever no matter what happens.Again，please accept my heartfelt appreciation.

篇9：英语四级作文真题答案

Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students' opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to take a job, but others take the attitude that going to a graduate school is the most critical factor influencing their future career choices.

As to myself, I prefer the latter view. A higher educational background exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. This phenomenon that the graduates have difficulties in finding job after their graduation can easily be found anywhere in our daily life, especially on campus. On the one hand, with the improved high education of Chinese college students which directly brought the result that there are more and more graduates every year. On the contrary, job vacancies don’t increase that fast. More people, less food, which is the exact deion of the hard condition. On the other hand, more and more people go on to pursue their master and doctor degree; more and more Chinese oversea students come back to China to hunt better working chances. It is sure that the competition is more and more fierce.

Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to improve our own competitiveness. That is the secret of success in the future employment market after our graduation.

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篇10：英语四级作文真题答案

Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students' opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to start a business of your own, but others take the attitude that finding a job is the best choice influencing their future.

As to myself, I prefer the latter view. An opportunity to start a business exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. In my view, With the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce for college graduates， some ambitious students have tried their hands at launching their own businesses. Over the years，there have been many successful cases of student entrepreneurship and such attempts should be encouraged and promoted by both the universities and the society at large. What’s more ,College students who start businesses are pioneers，among whom will be born China’s future business leaders. Faced with unknown challenges， they are audacious enough to embark on a perilous journey while most of their peers enjoy stable salaries by working as white-collars at high-end office buildings.

All in all, the essential difference between the students who find a job or those students who create their own businesses is that the former are docile followers whereas the latter are aggressive trailblazers. For this reason， business-launching college graduates are more admirable， and thus they command our deep respect.

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