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四级听力考试题及答案
Section A
Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), C.and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
1.A.He will give the woman some tips on the game.
B.The woman has good reason to quit the game.
C.He is willing to play chess with the woman.
D.The woman should go on playing chess.
2.A.The man can forward the mail to Mary.
B.She can call Mary to take care of the mail.
C.Mary probably knows Sally's new address.
D.She would like to resume contact with Sally.
3.A.His handwriting has a unique style.
B.His notes are not easy to read.
C.He did not attend today's class.
D.He is very pleased to be able to help.
4.A.The man had better choose another restaurant.
B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.
C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.
D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.
5.A.He has been looking forward to spring.
B.He has been waiting for the winter sale.
C.He will clean the woman's boots for spring.
D.He will help the woman put things away.
6.A.The woman is rather forgetful.
B.The man appreciates the woman's help.
C.The man often lends books to the woman.
D.The woman often works overtime at weekends.
7.A.Go to work on foot.
B.Take a sightseeing trip.
C.Start work earlier than usual.
D.Take a walk when the weather is nice.
8.A.The plane is going to land at another airport.
B.All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.
C.Temporary closing has disturbed the airport's operation.
D.The airport's management is in real need of improvement.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A.It specializes in safety from leaks.
B.It is headquartered in London.
C.It has a partnership with LCP.
D.It has a chemical processing plant.
10.A.He is Mr.Grand's friend.
B.He is a safety inspector.
C.He is a salesman.
D.He is a chemist.
11.A.Director of the safety department.
B.Mr.Grand's personal assistant.
C.Head of the personnel department.
D.The public relations officer.
12.A.Walt for Mr.Grand to call back.
B.Leave a message for Mr.Grand.
C.Provide details of their products and services.
D.Send a comprehensive description of their work.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13.A.She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.
B.She dreamed of working and living in a European country.
C.She read a lot about European musicians and their music.
D.She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.
14.A.She began taking violin lessons as a small child.
B.She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.
C.She gave her first performance with her father.
D.She became a professional violinist at fifteen.
15.A.It gave her a chance to explore the city.
B.It was the chance of a lifetime.
C.It was a great challenge to her.
D.It helped her learn classical French music.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B),C.and D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A.There are mysterious stories behind his works.
B.There are many misunderstandings about him.
C.His works have no match worldwide.
D.His personal history is little known.
17.A.He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.
B.He failed to go beyond grammar school.
C.He was a member of the town council.
D.He once worked in a well-known acting company.
18.A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.
B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.
C.His works were adapted beyond recognition.
D.People of his time had little interest in him.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A.Theft.
B.Cheating.
C.Air crash.
D.Road accidents.
20.A.Learn the local customs.
B.Make hotel reservations.
C.Book tickets well in advance.
D.Have the right documents.
21.A.Contact your agent.
B.Get a lift if possible.
C.Use official transport.
D.Have a friend meet you.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A.Cut down production cost.
B.Sell inexpensive products.
C.Specialise in gold ornaments.
D.Refine the taste of his goods.
23.A.At a national press conference.
B.During a live television interview.
C.During a local sales promotion campaign.
D.At a meeting of top British businesspeople.
24.A.Insulted.
B.Puzzled.
C.Distressed.
D.Discouraged.
25.A.The words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.
B.He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.
C.There should be a limit to one's sense of humour.
D.He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.
Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very well.Yet economic indicators show the world is (26) Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the (27) The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created.How can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?
The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that( 29) progress and those uses that will hurt it.The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). (30) , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment.Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped (31) a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output.For some time, this seemed to work (32 )well, but serious weaknesses are now appearing.As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not( 33 )the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.
This basic fault can produce a( 34 )sense of national economic health.According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their forests.The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for (35 )the forests.
答案：
1.D)。选项中多次出现game和play chess，可以推测对话内容与下象棋有关。另外，从四个选项的内容审可以椎测，对话讲的府该县女士想放弃下象棋，男士给出建议或指导。
本题的关键在于听懂反问句和反问的语调。女士说因为今天又输了，所以打算放弃下象棋。男士没有正面回应，而是反问了两句：Just because you lost?Is that any reaSon to quit?”仅仅是因为输了吗?那能算是放弃的理由吗?”言外之意就是不该放弃。换句话说就是，男士建议女士继续下棋。故本题答案为D)。
2.C)。选项中出现了mail，address和contact等词，可以推测对话内容和邮件有关：由选项中的玛丽和萨利两个人名可知对话的内容涉及另外两个人，人物较多，听录音时应注意区分人物之间的关系，做好标记;另外，选项A)以the mail作主语，选项B)和D)以she作主语，可以推测该题会从女士的角度提问，女士的话为听音重点。
本题的关键在于听到细节“Mary should know it.”男士想把萨利的邮件转寄给她，问女士是否知道她的地址。女士说自己很久没跟萨利联系了，但是结尾补充了一句：“玛丽应该知道地址。”故本题答案为C)。
3.B)。选项中出现了handwriting，notes和class等词，可以推测对话内容应该与上课做笔记有关。另外，四个选项中，A)和B)以his开头，C)和D)以he为主语，可以推测该题会从男士的角度提问，男士的话为听音重点。
解题的关键是听懂反意疑问句。女士想要借男士的笔记看，男士没有正面回答，而是反问道：You've never seen my handwriting，have you?“你没看过我的笔迹，对吗?”言外之意就是自己的`笔迹难以辨认，不易读懂。故本题答案为B)。
4.A)。四个选项中反复出现了choose和restaurant等词，由此推测对话内容与选择饭店有关。另外，选项A)和D)均是讲男士选择饭店，而选项B)和C)则出现了dating和her，故可推测该题可能是从女士的角度看待男士所选择的饭店，女士的话为听音重点。男士说今晚要带女朋友去新开的饭店过生日。女士说她上周去过，太让她失望了。从rather disaDpointing可以听出女士话语中强烈的否定意味，言外之意就是建议男士不要去这家饭店了，应该另选一家。故本题答案为A)。
5.A)。四个选项中三个都提到了季节，由此推测对话内容可能与季节有关。另外，四个选项都是以he开头，故可判断该题会从男士的角度进行提问，男士的话为听音重点。
女士说，冬天终于结束了，可以把手套和靴子收起来了。男士回应说为此他已经等了好几个月了。显然男士和女士一样非常期待冬天的结束，也就是盼望春天的到来。故本题答案为A)。
6.B).四个选项中，A)和D)以the woman为主语，B)和C)以the man为主语，选项在内容上较分散，可以推测该题并非针对男士或女士个人的话提问，而是考查对整个对话的理解，听音时应注意从全局把握对话内容。
对话开头，女士对男士说，谢谢他把书送回来，由此可知应该是男士借了女士的书，故首先排除C)项：男士说，他认为女士周末会用到，而且感谢女士让他使用这些书，故本题选择B)。
7.A)。选项中涉及work，on foot，trip和walk等词，可推测对话和步行上班或旅行相关。四个选项均为动词短语，由此可推断该题会对建议或计划进行提问，应特别注意和建议或计划相关的表述。
女士问男士的工作时间是否可以变通，男士回答说，不能。但今天天气很好，他决定步行去上班。所以必须比平常早一个小时出发。男士话语中有明显的表示计划的动词decided，其后的内容就是本题的答案，故答案为A)。
8.C)。四个选项均涉及飞机和机场，而且都和机场存在的问题有关，故听音的重点为机场在哪方面出现了问题。
9.D)。由对话开头可知，男士在给女士打电话，女士问男士有什么事情，男士在说明来电目的前说，自己了解到女士的公司有家化学加工厂，故D)为答案。
10.C)。对话中，男士先表明自己的身份，介绍了自己公司，说明了来电目的是想和格兰德先生讨论如何帮助TGC公司防止泄漏，同时节省开支的问题，实际上就是要推荐自己公司的产品，由此可推断男士是一名销售员，故C)为答案。
11.B)。对话中，女士告知男士格兰德先生非常忙，没空与男士说话，男士想找其他人商谈，女士告诉他，他正和格兰德先生的私人助理说话，即女士就是格兰德先生的私人助理，故B)为答案。
12.C)。对话中，女士说let me suggest Something，由此可知，其后就是女士对男士的建议，即为该题的答案。对话中，女士建议男士将其公司产品和服务的详情以及其他公司的推荐信一并寄送过来，之后会和男士联系，故C)为答案。
13.D)。男士问女士是否想过会在西方世界生活和工作，女士回答说没有，但是自己一直都听欧洲大型管弦乐队的唱片，由此可知女士在到欧洲之前听过很多欧洲管弦乐队的唱片，故D)是答案。
14.A)。男士问女士是否很小就喜欢古典音乐，女士给出肯定回答，并说自己六岁就开始在学校学习小提琴，故A)为答案。
15.B)。对话末尾，女士提到自己十五岁获得奖学金到巴黎留学，男士询问女士父母对此有何感受，女士说她父母喜忧参半，因为这既是个千载难逢的机会，也意味着她要远离故乡。四个选项中只有B)与原文相符，故为答案。
16.D)。短文中作者先提出“有多少人了解莎士比亚本人”的问题，接着指出学者们经过几个世纪的研究之后，仍然在不断探索他的个人史。由此可知，莎士比亚的个人史很少有人知道，故D)为答案。
17.C)。本题考查对莎士比亚父亲的了解，由于使用的人称代词都是he，会对听前预测造成一定的干扰，在听录音时应注意将选项和短文内容进行匹配区别。文章中提到莎士比亚的父亲受人尊敬，是埃文河畔斯特拉特福镇议会的一名成员，故C)为答案。
18.B)。文章中提到1666年伦敦的一场大火把很多重要文件烧毁了，而这些本来可能是了解莎士比亚的线索，因此莎士比亚的一部分生活将永远不为人所知，故B)为答案。
19.A)。短文开头部分提到，人们在外出旅游时遇到的大部分人都是既友好又热情的，但也会遇到很多危险，而其中最为常见的就是盗窃，故A)为答案。
20.D)。文中提到，在准备出国旅游时，一定要确保文件正确，谁都不想到了目的地却发现签证错误、护照过期等情况。选项D)中的documents与文中的paperwork是同义转述，故D)为答案。
21.C)。文章最后给出建议：到达目的地后要选择乘坐正规的交通工具，故C)为答案。
22.B)。短文提到，拉特纳在1984年接管了父亲的珠宝连锁店后，决定以最低的价格卖出低档产品，选项B)中sell inexpensive products是原文sell downmarket products的同义转述，故B)为答案。
23.D)。短文明确提到，在英国上层商人会议上，拉特纳出席并解释了自己成功的秘密，故D)为答案。
24.A)。短文提到，听到拉特纳的评论后，人们觉得受到了侮辱并远离拉特纳的商店，故A)为答案。
25.C)。短文开头就点明了主题，提到英国人以自嘲闻名，但即使是对他们来说，幽默也应该有限度，接着短文以拉特纳的故事为例说明这个主题，文末再次强调“这个玩笑的代价太大了”，以此首尾呼应，告诉我们开玩笑要有度，故C)为答案。
26.prospering。此处应该填人一个现在分词或形容词，作is的表语。prospering意为“繁荣的”。
27.decade。此处应该填入表示时间的名词，与前面的介词during搭配。decade意为“十年”。
28.opposite。此处应该填入名词。opposite意为“对立面”。
29.sustain。此处应该填入动词原形作从句谓语，上文的先行词reSource uses充当其主语。sustain意为“保持，维持”。
30.In simple terms。此处应该填入副词或介词短语作状语。in simple terms意为“简言之”。
31.establish。此处应该填入动词原形，与其前面的help搭配，并且能和后面的way搭配。estabfish意为“建立，设立”。
32.reaSonably。此处应该填入副词修饰well。reaSonably意为“尚可，还可以”。
33.take into account。此处应该填入动词原形或动词短语。take into account意为“考虑，重视”。
34.misleading。此处应该填入形容词来修饰sense。misleading意为“令人误解的”。
35.using up。此处应该填人动名词或动名词短语来作介词for的宾语，并和forests进行搭配。usingup意为“耗尽，用光”。
四级考试题及答案
87. ________________________ ，doctors can treat this disease successfully.
88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that ________________________ .
89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________________________ .
90. To make donations or for more information, please ________________________ .
91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ________________________ .
参考答案：
87. Thanks to a series of new inventions
88. I am more inclined to get tired than before
89. decided to quit the match
90. contact us at the following address
91. if it is convenient for you / at your convenience
英语四级考试题及答案
art I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campuswebsite to sell a you used at college. Youradvertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and yourcontact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
________________________________________________________________________
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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A News Report
Directions： In this section， you will hear threenews reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both thenews report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) The majority of drivers prefer to drive and park themselves.
B) Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while driving.
C) Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars.
D) Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking features.
2. A) Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices.
B) They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own skills.
C) Their increased comfort levels have boosted their sales.
D) They are not actually as safe as automakers advertise.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska.
B) A series of injuries to snowmobile drivers.
C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors.
D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports event.
4. A) He stayed behind to look after his injured dogs.
B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.
C) He received a minor injury in the Iditarod Race.
D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for good.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) It sank into the sea due to overloading.
B) It ran into Nicaragua's Big Corn Island.
C) It disappeared between two large islands.
D) It turned over because of strong winds.
6. A) 13.
B) 25.
C) 30.
D) 32.
7. A) He has helped with the rescue effort.
B) He is being investigated by the police.
C) He was drowned with the passengers.
D) He is among those people missing.
Section B Conversation
Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of eachconversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will bespoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) At a shopping centre.
B) At a community college.
C) At an accountancy firm.
D) At an IT company.
9. A) Helping out with data input.
B) Arranging interviews.
C) Sorting application forms.
D) Making phone calls.
10. A) He enjoys using computers.
B) He needs the money badly.
C) He wants to work in the city centre.
D) He has relevant working experience.
11. A) Purchase some business suits.
B) Learn some computer language.
C) Improve his programming skills.
D) Review some accountancy terms.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) They are keen on high technology.
B) They are poor at technology skills.
C) They often listen to National Public Radio.
D) They feel superior in science and technology.
13. A) Japanese.
B) Germans.
C) Poles.
D) Americans.
14. A) Emailing.
B) Texting.
C) Science.
D) Literacy.
15. A) It is undergoing a drastic reform.
B) It lays emphasis on creative thinking.
C) It has much room for improvement.
D) It prioritizes training of practical skills.
Section C Passage
Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， youwill hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They have small roots.
B) They grow white flowers.
C) They taste like apples.
D) They come from Central Africa.
17. A) They turned from white to purple in color.
B) They became popular on the world market.
C) They became an important food for humans.
D) They began to look like modern-day carrots.
18. A) They were found quite nutritious.
B) There were serious food shortages.
C) People discovered their medicinal value.
D) Farm machines helped lower their prices.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) She could her family any time she liked.
B) She could call up her family whenever she liked
C) She could locate her friends wherever they were.
D) She could download as many pictures as she liked.
20. A) She liked to inform her friends about her success.
B) She enjoyed reading her friends' status updates.
C) She felt quite popular among them.
D) She felt she was a teenager again.
21. A) She could barely respond to all her 500 Facebook friends.
B) She spent more time updating her friends than her family.
C) She could barely balance Facebook updates and her work.
D) She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) They have strong muscles.
B) They live a longer life than horses.
C) They eat much less in winter.
D) They can work longer than donkeys.
23. A) It was a pet of a Spanish king.
B) It was bought by George Washington.
C) It was brought over from Spain.
D) It was donated by a U.S. Ambassador.
24. A) They met and exchanged ideas on animal breeding.
B) They participated in a mule-driving competition.
C) They showed and traded animals in the market.
D) They fed mules with the best food they could find.
25. A) The wider use of horses.
B) The arrival of tractors.
C) A shrinking animal trade.
D) A growing donkey population.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.
As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaustnot only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate themagain. During __26__ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up wasteproducts. Muscle performance can also be affected by a __27__ called “central fatigue,” inwhich an imbalance in the body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous systemfrom directing muscle movements __28__. It was not known, however, whether centralfatigue might also affect motor systems not directly __29__ in the exercise itself, such asthose that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate（碳水化合物的）__30__ either with a moderate dose of caffeine （咖啡因），which is knownto stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo （安慰剂）without, during 3 hours of__31__. After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to seehow well their brains could still __32__ their visual system. The team found that exercisereduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, __33__ their ability to capture newvisual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was __34__ toreverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying __35__ eye movement speeds. So itmight be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.
A) cautiously B) commit C) control D) cycling E) effectively F) increased G) involved H) limited I) phenomenon J) preventing K) sensitive L) slowing M) solution N) sufficient O) vigorous
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.
Team spirit
A）Teams have become the basic building blocks of organisations. Recruitment advertisementsroutinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on theirperformance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage teambuilding. Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a newreport by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends”，based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a newhigh. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle ofrestructuring or about to embark on （开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meantputting more emphasis on teams.
B）Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organisingemployees into cross- disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems orcustomers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are alsospending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte arguesthat a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing theconventional hierarchy （等级体制）.
C）The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigidfor both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovationplaces greater value on agility（灵活性）. John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., aworldwide leader in electronics products, says that “we compete against market transitions（过渡）, not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take oneor two. ” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities withoutresorting to hierarchy. The “ millennials” （千禧一代）who will soon make up half the workforcein rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.
D）The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE andIBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised itsmedical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses andothers collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality （专业）and rank. The USArmy has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystaldescribes how the army's hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stagesof the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising teams.
E）A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on amanagement bandwagon （追随一种管理潮流）, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson ofKellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, “Teams are not always the answer—teamsmay provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independentlycannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making. ” Thelate Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when youhave a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing somethingextraordinary ... But don't count on it. ”
F）Hackman （who died in ） noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordinationand motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers （能干的`人）who areforced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Group-think may beunavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough todefine a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.
G）Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best iftheir members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now thecase in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamworkimproves with time: America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of theincidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verbrather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.
H）The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harderabout managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism（感情用事）:the mostsuccessful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediateaction. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more“inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss, says that “If I see morethan two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.” They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “deviant” （离经叛道者）who are willing todo something that may be upsetting to others.
I）A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which alsodoes consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give themmore control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them fromhaving to do everything in collaboration with others.
J）However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives theycontacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feelconfident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can becomehotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can't get their work donebecause they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisyoffices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to theindividual.
36.Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to takeprompt action.
37.Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.
38.In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network ofteams.
39.Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.
40.Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.
41.According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular amongcompanies.
42.Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team'spurpose.
43.Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to workwonders.
44.To ensure employees' commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as towhere and how they work.
45.Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read forthe first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.
Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research hasshown.
Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidlrather than luxury alternatives.
This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from1.19 billion pounds in to 1.12 billion pounds in , according to a new report frommarket research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to 1.11 billion pounds in .
In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in thenumber of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducingtheir toilet roll spending from 43 pounds in to 41 pounds in 2015.
Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facialtissue and kitchen roll—to save money. “Strength, softness and thickness remain the leadingindicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring moreluxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume,” said Mintel analystJack Duckett. “These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regulartoilet paper, even when on special offer.”
While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy—in theory at least—whenit comes to paper quality. Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed bystrength (45%) and thickness (36%).
One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers thanproduct quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said theywould consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standardpaper.
46. The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because ______.
A. Britons have cut their spending on it.
B. its prices have gone up over the years.
C. its quality has seen marked improvement.
D. Britons have developed the habit of saving.
47. What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?
A. It will expand in time.
B. It will remain gloomy.
C. It will experience ups and downs.
D. It will recover as population grows.
48. What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?
A. Special offers would promote its sales.
B. Consumers are loyal to certain brands.
C. Luxurious features add much to the price.
D. Consumers have a variety to choose from.
49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?
A. They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.
B. They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.
C. They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.
D. They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.
50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.
B. Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.
C. Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.
D. Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when Iwas younger,” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University ofOxford.
By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—bystopping abruptly and completely.
In her study, participants were randomly （随机地）assigned to two groups. One had to quitabruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down graduallyover the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine （尼古丁）patches beforethey quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They alsohad talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.
Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth ofthem, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.
And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most ofthe people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you're training for amarathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see thatfor smoking as well. They think, 'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,'” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reductionlikely gave them cravings （瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that Point. “Regardless ofyour stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were ableto quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.
People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximizethe odds of success.
51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
A. She quit smoking with her daughter's help.
B. She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.
C. She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.
D. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.
52. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley's study?
A. They were given physical training.
B. They were looked after by physicians.
C. They were encouraged by psychologists.
D. They were offered nicotine replacements.
53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?
A. It is idealized.
B. It is unexpected.
C. It is encouraging.
D. It is misleading.
54. The idea of “a marathon” (Line 2，Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quittingsmoking _____.
A. is something few can accomplish
B. needs some practice first
C. requires a lot of patience
D. is a challenge at the beginning
55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?
A. They find it even more difficult.
B. They are simply unable to make it.
C. They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.
D. They feel much less pain in the process.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域（river basin）居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲（delta）产出多大20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。
参考答案：
Part Ⅰ Writing
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Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1. C.Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars.
2. A.Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices.
3. C.Attacks on some Iditarod race competitors.
4. B.He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.
5. D.It turned over because of strong winds.
6. D.32.
7. B.He is being investigated by the police.
8. C.At an accountancy firm.
9. A.Helping out with data input.
10. B.He needs the money badly.
11. D.Review some accountancy terms.
12. B.They are poor at technology skills.
13. A.Japanese.
14. D.Literacy.
15. C.It has much room for improvement.
16. A.They have small roots.
17. D.They began to look like modern-day carrots.
18. B.There were serious food shortages.
19. A.She could her family any time she liked.
20. B.She enjoyed reading her friends' status updates.
21. D.She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends.
22. A.They have strong muscles.
23. C.It was brought over from Spain.
24. C.They showed and traded animals in the market.
25. B.The arrival of tractors.
Part III Reading Comprehension
26-35：OIEGM DCJNF
36-45：HDBJG AFEIC
46-55：ABCAD BDCBA
Part IV Translation
The Yangtze River is the longest in Asia and the third longest in the world. The river, whichflows through varied ecosystems along its passage, offers habitats for many endangeredspecies and provides irrigation for 1/5 of China's land. The Yangtze River basin is home to 1/3 of China's population. The river plays a very important role in China historically, culturally andeconomically. The Yangtze River Delta contributes up to 20% of China's GDP. For millennia, theYangtze River has been used for water supply, shipment and industrial activities. The world'slargest hydropower station is also built on the river.
大学英语四级考试题答案
英语四级选词填空练习题(一)
What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were __1__. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence __2__ activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important __3__ to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.
Any research that suggests that __4__ to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can __5__ based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how __6__ they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the __7__ to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science __8__ that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born __9__ like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it __10__ appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.
[A] abilities
[B] achieve
[C] appeal
[D] complaints
[E] contributions
[F] displayed
[G] essentially
[H] eventually
[I] extent
[J] indicates
[K] proceeds
[L] psychological
[M] raised
[N] smart
[O] standard
英语四级选词填空练习题答案
1. [M] raised raise在这里的意思是“养育”，the environment in which you were raised 意思是“你成长的环境”。
2. [L] psychological “psychological activity”意思是“心理活动”，全句意思是“研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学”。
3. [E] contributions “make contributions to”为固定搭配，意为“为……做贡献”。
4. [A] abilities “ability to …”意思是“做某事的能力”，在此处，全句意思是“任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的.研究都是有争议的”。
5. [B] achieve “limitations to what you can achieve”意思是“对你所能达到的水平的限制”。
6. [N] smart 此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示“机灵，可爱”。
7. [I] extent 此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，“to the extent …”译为“……的程度”。
8. [J] indicates indicate 意思是“表明，显示”。全句意为“越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用”。
9. [G] essentially essentially 的意思是“实际上，本质上”。全句意为“从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出来的照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了”。
10. [H] eventually eventually 副词，意思是“最终，最后”。
英语四级选词填空练习题(二)
There's no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 1 to slow the devastation by controlling ourinsatiable 2 for fossil fuels?
Global warming can seem too 3 to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer 4 that often can't get next week's weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn't be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 5 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.
Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 6 is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren't pretty. Ice is 7 , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 8 , threatening communities.
The 9 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn't be out of mind, because they are omens of what's in store for the 10 of the planet.
[A]remote
[B]techniques
[C]consisting
[D]rest
[E]willing
[F]climate
[G]skill
[H]appetite
[I]melting
[J]vanishing
[K]eroding
[L]temperature
[M]curiosity
[N]changes
[O]skillful
英语四级选词填空练习题答案
1.【解析】[E] 此处应填入E项，be willing to 为固定搭配。
2.【解析】[H] 此处应填入一个名词，而appetite通常和介词for搭配，此处句子的意思为控制我们无止境的欲望。
3.【解析】[A] 此处应填入一个形容词，根据上下文意思应选A项，意即:全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远，以至于我们无需为此担心。
4.【解析】[B] 此处应填入一个名词，而与computer 搭配的名词在选项中根据上下文意思B为正确选项。
5.【解析】[F] 根据上下文意思此处应表达气候变化之意，因此F为正确选项。
6.【解析】[L] 该题较为简单，表示“上个世纪全球的气温上升了1华氏度”，应能迅速找出正确答案。
7.【解析】[I] 显然ice 与melt 搭配，因此I为正确选项。
8.【解析】[K] 此处应填入一个现在分词，表示“海岸受到侵蚀”，因此应选K项。
9.【解析】[N] 该题较为简单，应填入一个复数名词，所以填入N项。
10.【解析】[D] 选D项，the rest of 为固定搭配。
Section A News Report
Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Heavy floods.
B) Safety concerns.
C) Bad economy.
D) Workers' strikes.
2. A) It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.
B) It provides many job opportunities for French people.
C) It is the biggest concern of the French government.
D) It plays an important role in the nation's economy.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) To carry out a scientific survey.
B) To establish a new research station.
C) To rescue two sick American workers.
D) To deliver urgent medical supplies.
4. A) The darkness and cold.
B) The heavy snow and fog.
C) The biting winds.
D) The ice all around.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) By tying it to a door handle.
B) By shaking it back and forth.
C) With a remote control craft.
D) With a full-sized helicopter.
6. A) He has lots of fans on Facebook.
B) He has rich experience in flying.
C) He often suffers from toothaches.
D) He has learned to pull teeth from a video.
7. A) Spend more time together.
B) Tell them adventure stories.
C) Do something fun and creative.
D) Play with them in a safe place.
Section B Conversation
Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) To confirm an urgent appointment.
B) To collect a package from the woman.
C) To ask the woman to sign a document.
D) To arrange the delivery of a package.
9. A) She is doing shopping.
B) She is visiting a friend.
C) She is not at home.
D) She is not feeling well.
10. A) He will be off duty the whole day.
B) He will be working somewhere else.
C) He will have to have his car repaired.
D) He will be too busy to spare any time.
11. A) Sign her name.
B) Confirm online.
C) Pay a small fee.
D) Show up in person.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Vacation in Italy.
B) Study abroad.
C) Throw a farewell party.
D) Go to a fashion show in Milan.
13. A) Quite sleepy.
B) Very excited.
C) Rather depressed.
D) Nearly exhausted.
14. A) He has to attend a party.
B) He has to meet a friend.
C) He has to make a presentation.
D) He has to finish an assignment.
15. A) Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.
B) Meet the woman at the Black Cat Cafe.
C) Drive the woman to the airport.
D) Have lunch with the woman.
Section C Passage
Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) It has kept growing over the centuries.
B) Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.
C) Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.
D) It has a recorded history of 1,500 years.
17. A) They are now a tourist destination.
B) They attract a lot of migrating birds.
C) They provide shelter for the farmers.
D) They make good fields for farming.
18. A) They nest on the volcano's slopes.
B) They feed on certain small mammals.
C) They compete with each other for food.
D) They match large mammals in strength.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) He is self-employed.
B) He is a career advisor.
C) He studies talent.
D) He owns a magazine.
20. A) Doing what they like best.
B) Loving the work they do.
C) Making no excuses for failures.
D) Following their natural instinct.
21. A) It does not come to anything without hard work.
B) It may prove to be quite different from hard work.
C) It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.
D) It does not come to you until something special happens.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) It is a bit difficult to learn.
B) It was popular in New Zealand.
C) It is a traditional type of ballet.
D) It evolved in the mid-1970s.
23. A) She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.
B) She used to be a ballet dancer herself.
C) She hated to see her idling about.
D) She was too busy to look after her.
24. A) After she started teaching English.
B) Before she left for New Zealand.
C) When she moved to New York City.
D) Once she began to live on her own.
25. A) It has renewed her passion for life.
B) It has made her happy and energetic.
C) It has helped her make new friends.
D) It has enabled her to start a new career.
Section A News Report
Directions： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.
B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.
C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.
D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.
2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.
B) It found its way back to the park's zoo.
C) It became a great attraction for tourists.
D) It was sent to the animal control department.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) It is the largest of its kind.
B) It is going to be expanded.
C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.
D) It is staring an online exhibition.
4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia.
B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.
C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.
D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Pick up trash.
B) Amuse visitors.
C) Deliver messages.
D) Play with children.
6. A) They are especially intelligent.
B) They are children's favorite.
C) They are quite easy to tame.
D) They are clean and pretty.
7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.
B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.
C) Children may contract bird diseases.
D) Children may overfeed the rooks.
Section B Conversation
Directions： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.
B) It will be hosted by famous professors.
C) It will cover different areas of science.
D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.
9. A)It will be more futuristic.
B) It will be more systematic.
C) It will be more entertaining.
D) It will be easier to understand.
10. A) People interested in science.
B) Youngsters eager to explore.
C) Children in their early teens.
D) Students majoring in science.
11. A) Offer professional advice.
B) Provide financial support.
C) Help promote it on the Internet.
D) Make episodes for its first season.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Unsure.
B) Helpless.
C) Concerned.
D) Dissatisfied.
13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.
B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.
C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.
D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.
14. A) Embarrassed.
B) Unconcerned.
C) Miserable.
D) Resentful.
15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.
B) Compare his present with his past only.
C) Always learn from others' achievements.
D) Treat others the way he would be treated.
Section C Passage
Directions： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.
B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.
C) They are more likely to become engineers.
D) They have greater potential to be leaders.
17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.
B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.
c) Insist that boys and girls work together more.
D) Respond more positively to boys' comments.
18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials.
B) Provide a variety of optional courses.
C) Place great emphasis on test scores.
D) Pay extra attention to top students.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It often rains cats and dogs.
B) It seldom rains in summer time.
C) It does not rain as much as people think.
D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.
20. A) They drive most of the time.
B) The rain is usually very light.
C) They have got used to the rain.
D) The rain comes mostly at night.
21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.
B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.
C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.
D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.
B) It results from exerting one's muscles continuously.
C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.
D) It comes from staining one's muscles in an unusual way.
23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.
B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.
C) They begin to make repairs immediately.
D) They gradually become fragmented.
24. A) About one week.
B) About two days.
C) About ten days.
D) About four weeks.
25. A) Apply muscle creams.
B) Drink plenty of water.
C) Have a hot shower.
D) Take pain-killers.
Section A News Report
Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1.A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.
B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.
C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.
D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.
2.A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.
B) He once served in a fire department.
C) He was collecting building materials.
D) He moved into his neighbor's old house.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.
B) Change British people's negative view of maths.
C) Help British people understand their paychecks.
D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.
4.A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.
B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.
C) British people know how to do elementary calculations.
D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.
Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5.A) He owns a fleet of aircraft.
B) He is learning to be a pilot.
C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.
D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.
6.A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.
B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.
C) He can show his difference from other royalty.
D) He can come into closer contact with his people.
7.A) They enjoyed his company.
B) They liked him in his uniform.
C) They rarely recognised him.
D) They were surprised to see him.
Section B Conversation
Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8.A) They were skilled carpenters themselves.
B) It didn't need much capital to start with.
C) Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.
D) They saw a business opportunity there.
9.A) Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.
B) Attract foreign investment to expand business.
C) Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.
D) Open some more branch companies in Germany.
10.A) They are from her hometown.
B) They are imported from Germany.
C) They all come from Romania.
D) They come from all over the continent.
11.A) All across Europe.
B) Throughout the world.
C) Mostly in Bucharest.
D) In Romania only.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend.
B) Try out a new restaurant together in town.
C) Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan.
D) Attend the opening of a local restaurant.
13.A) It is sponsored by local restaurants.
B) It specializes in food advertizing.
C) It is especially popular with the young.
D) It provides information on local events.
14.A) They design a special set of menus for themselves.
B) They treat themselves to various entertainments.
C) They go to eat at different stylish restaurants.
D) They participate in a variety of social events.
15.A) More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.
B) This year's Restaurant Week will start soon.
C) Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week.
D) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.
Section C Passage
Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A) Rewarding them for eating vegetables.
B) Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.
C) Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for them.
D) Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.
17.A) They were disliked most by children.
B) They were considered most nutritious.
C) They were least used in Belgian cooking.
D) They were essential to children's health.
18.A) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.
B) Children's eating habits can be changed.
C) Parents watch closely what children eat.
D) Children's choices of food vary greatly.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A) Space exploration has serious consequences.
B) India has many space exploration programs.
C) There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.
D) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.
20.A) It is costly to bring back.
B) It is risky to destroy.
C) It is of no use on Earth.
D) It is damaged by radiation.
21.A) Record details of space exploration.
B) Monitor the change of lunar weather.
C) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.
D) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A) It is likely to remain a means of business communication.
B) It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps.
C) It will gradually be replaced by social media.
D) It will have to be governed by specific rules.
28.A) Save the message in their file.
B) Make a timely response.
C) Examine the information carefully.
D) See if any action needs to be taken.
24.A) It is to be passed on.
B) It is mostly junk.
C) It requires no reply.
D) It causes no concern.
25.A) Make it as short as possible.
B) Use simple and clear language.
C) Adopt an informal style of writing.
D) Avoid using capitals for emphasis.
四级听力猜答案技巧
四六级听力题里面的`对话，都是一男一女，利用这样的原则，我们可以立即排除某些选项，或者立即做出正确判断。下面让我们用几个6月四级的听力题来验证一下。
我们先看第1题的四个选项：
A)He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.
B)He has difficulty understanding the book.
C)He cannot get access to the assigned book.
D)He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.
从四个选项里面，我们不听题，立即就可以排除的选项是哪一个呢？A选项里面说男士比女士读得好，明显对于男士的态度与其他三个选项不同，根据我们的标准我们立即可以把选项A排除，四选一变成三选一。
我们再看第二题的选项：
A)She will drive the man to the supermarket.
B)The man should buy a car of his own.
C)The man neednt go shopping every week.
D)She can pick the man up at the grocery store.
英语四级听力
英语四级听力一、听力题型，dialogue(十个对话)，passage(三个短文)，compound dictation(复合式听写，也就是传说中的段子题)，第一种每年必考，后两种逐年交替，其中考passage的次数相对较多。最容易得分的是dialogue和passage，只要记住一个超级技巧即可：对话所述事情总是向不好的方面发展。
举几个例子：比如对话里问教授的讲座lecture难不难，记住一定难，老师的作业assignment多不多，一定多，男士发出的邀请，女士会答应吗，永远不会，永远是一个傻哥们发出邀请，邀请的对象是Mary，问我们游泳好吗，滑冰好吗，跳舞好吗，吃饭好吗，Mary的回答永远是，我非常的想去，but不去，四级考了十几年了，Mary从来没有去过，今年照样不会。所以大家记住，只要是对话，必然会发生意外的事情，再举个例子，两个选项，A火车准时，B火车晚点如果你是出题老师，你怎么设置对话，当然是晚点了，准时有什么好说的，总不能两个神经病，或者是两人刚谈恋爱，来到车站，没话找话，男的说，哇，火车准时了，女的说，咿！还真准时了耶！所以准时是不可能的，不好的事情一般都是最后的答案！对于compound dictation，上学期偶运气好没有考这个，但是偶觉得这种题确实比较难，只能竖直耳朵专心听了，即使听不懂，也要根据上下文瞎猜一个，空着肯定没分，瞎猜说不定老师看错了还会给你一分！
二、听力考试中考生要注意的七类关键词
四级考试听力部分的短对话、长对话和短文听力其实考察的都是对听力材料的要点和信息的把握。什么是要听懂并且记下来的信息呢，要把握吨化和短文中的七种关键词，KEY WORD，后面一般都是考点，尤其是对话部分，要学会听小词.
1、转折性词汇：课堂上强调了很多的涵义发生180度转弯的BUT转折题，要学会听BUT，还有yet,however,though,whereas,unfortunately,unexpectedly,instead,rather than,other than,to be frank,frankly speaking,to tell you the truth,etc.
2、逻辑类词汇：就是因为所以不但而且这一类的词，表原因的because,because of,for,as,due to,owing to,in that,now that,according to,表结果的therefor,so,as aresult,consequently,eventually,表递进的apart from,in addition,furthermore,what's more,moreover,etc.
3、最高级词汇：形容词和副词的最高级永远是最需要关注的，most importantly,the most popular.the biggest of.
4、事实罗列词汇：在这些词汇后就是关键和重要的事实性息，actually,in fact,as amatter of fact,etc.
5、序数词后面，最重要的是the first,firstly and finally.
6、情态动词：sb.has got to,can,could,may,might,need,should,ought to etc.
7、重要形容词：表示重要的词，important,crucial,chief,major,significant,the only,unique,essential,necessary,vital,etc.
三、大学英语四级短文听力：提问方式及解题对策
短文听力的提问方式最常见的有4种类型。
1.中心思想题。这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。
提问方式有：What is the main idea of the passage?What can we learn from this passage?What is the best title for this passage?What is the passage mainly about?What is the speaker talking about?等等。
做这一类题时一定要注意集中精力听好短文的开头，因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山，把中心思想置于文章的`开头。另外，如果文中反复出现同一词汇或同一类词汇，同样也值得我们特别注意，因为包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地体现中心思想，通常就是正确答案。
2.事实细节题。所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等，问题一般为wh-question的形式。
这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感，及时做好笔记；另外，文中一旦出现以因果连词(如because,so,due to等)和转折连词(如but,however,though等)引导的句子也要格外留心，这些地方往往就是考点。
3.对错判断题。这类题常用以下提问方式：Which of the following is true/not true,according to the passage?Which of the following is not mentioned?等等。听到这类题时，一定要听清提问，对于有没有not一词要弄清楚。一般情况下，not一词会重读。
4.推理推测题。这类题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断，才能作出正确的选择。提问方式有：What can be infer from the passage?What does the speaker think about the problem.?What does the speaker most concerned about?How does the writer feel about.?等等。
做这类题时一定要注意与短文内容一样的不是推断，而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来推断。
四、听力提高训练方法
四步需要解决的问题：
(1)单句练习：听一遍句子后，迅速从书面选择中找出同所听句子意思相近的答案。其主要目的是培养通过听来理解句子的意思。
(2)日常用语：听了日常用语后，从书面选择中找出恰当的答语。这个练习主要培养在口语中交际运用的能力。
(3)对话练习：听到对话后，对其内容、情景、场合等作出判断，找出正确答案。
(4)短文听力理解：在听的过程中，迅速理解主要内容，找出正确答案。
在历年考题中选取10-20篇不同题材和不同体裁的文章，依据以下几个步骤，横竖结合来进行精听训练。
Step 1：第一遍听磁带时认真做题，对所选取的每段文章都认真仔细，注意时间，模拟考场氛围。做完以后还需注意统计对错个数，并分析选项设置特点，练习快速扫描选项的能力。
Step 2：脱离文字材料再听4-5遍磁带。此时绝对不允许照着文字材料听，应该反复使用录音机上的重复键，尽最大努力听懂全文内容。听第5遍或第6遍的时候，可以一边听一边将全文笔录下来，然后对照文字材料，看看笔录有什么问题，分析听不懂的原因，是语音、词汇还是语法?然后有的放矢地加以解决。
Step 3：在足够熟悉此段落中的内容后，打开文字材料，一边听录音一边看，并在段落中相应考点和问题答案，仔细体会，分析自己为什么被某些干扰项误导。
Step 4：跟着磁带大声朗读，以提高自己的语速。如果自己的语速能基本跟上听力材料的语速，再做同类型题目，困难就不大了。
另外，练习过程中有一些事项值得我们注意，请大家养成良好的习惯，尽量避免：
1、鸵鸟式听法。很多同学听力过程中没有动手的习惯，听就是听，在做题时才努力回忆与该题有关的信息。甚至有同学喜欢闭着眼睛听或者把头低下来，伏在桌子上听，并认为这样注意力更集中，但这样往往容易走神，听的效率非常低。
2、多而不精。对于已经听过的材料，很多同学都很少再听，这是一个错误的观念。片面追求练习的量，并不能有效提高做听力题时的悟性，必须用心去感受才能收到显著的效果。
3、不愿对着文字材料大声朗读，认为听力就是听力，没有必要和朗读口语联系起来。其实听力考的是口头语言，口语提高了，听力也就自然而然上去了。同时朗读可以培养正确的语音语调，可以加强我们对文章的领悟力。
4、训练时间安排不得当。听力训练需要思想高度集中，故时间安排以每天精神最佳时候为宜。时间不宜过长，每次连续听半小时到一小时就可。另外，由于听力是一种习惯成自然的技巧训练，所以最好每天安排一段时间，切忌三天打鱼，两天晒网。
总之，四、六级考试短文听力并不可怕，如果我们能够宏观把握，平时坚持“用心去听”，我们肯定能够从不同角度、不同层次提高自己的英语语言能力。
四级听力练习题精选
听力题目：
7.Q: How did the woman read the book?
A) She read it selectively.
B) She went over it chapter by chapter.
C) She read it slowly.
D) She finished it at a stretch.
8.Q: What happened to Joe?
A) He was kept in hospital for a long time.
B) He was slightly injured in a traffic accident.
C) He was seriously wounded in a mine explosion.
D) He was fined for speeding.
听力原文：
7.M: Have you finished reading the book you bought last month?
W: Oh, I didnt read straight through the way you read a novel, I just covered a few chapters which interested me most.
Q: How did the woman read the book?
8. W: Hello, Joe, Havent seen you for quite a while. Are you fine?
M: Oh, yes, but not a thing to go against me. I had a car accident, only some minor injuries though.
Q: What happened to Joe?
译文与解析：
7.男：你上个月借的`书看完了吗?
女：噢，我不像你看小说那样从头看到尾，我只看了我感兴趣的那几章内容。
问：女子是怎么看那本书的?
Section A
A. She expected more people at her party.
B. She enjoys entertaining small children.
C. She threw a surprise party for her friend.
D. She has always enjoyed great popularity.
2.A .They are not used to living in a cold place.
B. They feel lucky to live in Florida.
C.They are going to have a holiday.
D. They have not booked their air tickets yet.
3.A. He was pleased to get the medal.
B. He was very courageous.
C.lie used to be a firefighter.
D.He was accused of causing a fire.
4.A. Make a profitable investment.
B. Buy a new washing machine.
C. Get parts for the machine from Japan.
D .Have the old washing machine fixed.
5.A. He is pleased with his exciting new job.
B. He finds the huge workload unbearable.
C. He finds his office much too big for him.
D. He is not so excited about his new position.
6.A. The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.
B. The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.
C. The woman doesn't know how to get to the party.
D. The man offers to drive the woman to the party.
7.A. Drawing up a business plan.
B. Discussing a term paper.
C. Finalizing a contract.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
SectionB
16. A. It is entertaining.
B. It is a costly hobby.
C.It takes lots of time.
D.It requires training.
17. A.They can harm nearby plants.
B. They may catch some disease.
C. They fight each other for food.
D. They may pollute the environment.
18. A.Place the tbod on warmer spots.
B. Use prepared feed mixtures only.
C. Avoid using any contaminated food.
D. Continue the feeding till it gets warm.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A. He will betray even his best friends.
B.He is able to make up good excuses.
C. He will lie whenever he wants.
D. He tries to achieve his goal at any cost.
20. A. She made him apologize.
B. She readily forgave him.
C.She broke up with him.
D. She refused to answer his calls.
21. A. Buy her a new set of tires.
B. Help clean her apartment.
C.Lend her his batteries.
D. Move furniture for her.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A. The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.
B. Their parents put too much pressure on them.
C.Ifs hard for them to get along with other kids.
D. They have to live in the shadow of their parents.
23. A.He always boasts about his rich father.
B.He will grow up to be good for nothing.
C. He has too much to know the value of things.
D. He is too young to manage his inherited property.
24. A.She wants Amanda to get professional care.
B.She has no experience in raising children.
C.She wants to show offher wealth.
D. She has no time to do it herself.
25. A. The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.
B.The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.
C .The attention the media focuses on them.
D.The pursuing of perfection in performance.
四级听力小对话练习题及答案
13.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The man can speak a foreign language.
B) The woman hopes to improve her English.
C) The woman knows many different languages.
D) The man wishes to visit many more countries.
14.Q: What will the man do first after class?
A) Go to the library.
B) Meet the woman.
C) See Professor Smith.
D) Have a drink in the bar.
13.W: Having visited so many countries, you must be able to speak several different languages!
M: I wish I could. But Japanese and, of course English are the only languages I can speak.
14.M: Prof. Smith asked me to go to his office after class. So it is impossible for me to make it to the bar at 10：00.
W: Then it seems well have to meet an hour later at the library.
答案解析：
13.女：你去过那么多国家，一定会说好几国语言吧!
男：我希望我是。可是我只会说日语，当然还有英语。
问：从对话中我们能得知什么信息?
答：正确答案为A。从对话中得知，男子去过很多国家，可是外语并不会很多，又从Japanese and, of course English日语，当然还有英语来看，男子会的'外语只有日语一个。因此，可以推出正确答案为A，男子可以说一门外语。B，女子希望提高英语水平，对话中未涉及，排除。C,女子希望学习多国语言，对话中未涉及，排除。D，男子希望去更多的国家，对话中没有提到，排除。
★ 银行考试题及答案
★ 消防考试题及答案
