以下是小编为大家收集的职称英语：阅读过程中的障碍（共含6篇），希望能够帮助到大家。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“良品海产品批发”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
1. 阅读行为习惯的影响
在阅读过程中，我们要有意识地克服行为上某些不良的阅读习惯，
（1） 出声读。因为眼睛的移动速度比舌头动作快。出声读不但影响速度，而且会分散一部分精力去注意自己的发音。
（2） 逐字读。许多常见词，如功能词，不需停顿单独理解。
（3） 默读。虽然没有大声读出来，但在脑中一字字读，也会影响速度，分散精力。
（4） 指读。以手指挨个指着读，有碍理解和速度。除非手指飞速移动，引导眼睛快看。
（5） 回读。眼睛回向移动，寻找先前读过的信息，而不是继续读下去以获取完整的概念。
2. 阅读中心理因素的影响
阅读时，除了克服不良的阅读习惯外，还要注意克服一些影响阅读和理解程度的`不良心理因素：
（1） 期望值过高
希望一次阅读就掌握所读材料，
这种急于求成的心理状态，不仅影响阅读时的心境，也使得视觉器官和大脑都不能集中于阅读过程本身，阅读的效果自然不好。
（2） 过度重视阅读方法和技巧
由于阅读过程中过多思考阅读的方法、技巧等因素，而忽视了阅读材料及阅读本身的过程。从某种程度上讲，这会使我们注意力分散，阅读的兴趣自然大大减弱。
（3） 思想开小差
对文字视而不见，翻了许多页，但脑子里仍一片空白。这样就降低了我们的注意力，影响了正常思维。
相关信息请访问应届毕业生职称英语
在职称考试中，阅读理解题是第31-45题，共3篇短文，每篇5道考题，每题3分，共45分。那么我们如何掌握着重中之重，以便顺利通过考试呢?
一、熟悉考点
职称考试阅读部分经常会结合以下几点出题，阅读时需要把它们画下来。
(一)转折转折是出题人最常用的考点，有时一篇文章后面的三个至四个题目与原文中含有转折的句子有关，如下面文章就有四个题目的答案在原文含有but的句子中。所以，看原文和做题时都要时刻关注含有转折的句子。 例如：下面文章最后一段： The new smart structures could be very expensive to build.However，that would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes. 对应题目： The smart buildings discussed in the passage ________. A.would cause serious financial problems B.would be worthwhile though costly C.would increase the complexity of architectural design D.can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes 当时不少同学只看到第一句话(新型建筑造价很高)，就马上选择A选项，殊不知however引出的这句话才是真正的考点。第二句话是说“新型建筑可以在地震的时候挽救很多人的生命，更不容易被损坏”，据此意，正确答案应该选B项。从上面的例子中我们应该意识到原文中转折的意义了。因此考生阅读原文时尤其要注意转折的提示词，主要有：but,however,yet,on the contrary.
(二)数字涉及数字的题目要求考生能利用题干中的时间、数字在原文中定位找答案;能根据原文中的数字进行简单计算。职称考试中的计算一般要根据两个或三个数字得出计算结果;有时原文中会把涉及计算的某一个数字用考生容易忽视的文字给出，其他的数字则用比较明显的阿拉伯数字给出。考生要注意挖掘隐性信息。例如，下面文章，原文第二段中出现如下信息： …… In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines …… Actual work on this project began four years later …… In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory …… 对应题目： The construction of the transcontinental railroad took ________. A.9 years B.7 years C.4 years D.3 years 不少考生只关注到原文中以阿拉伯数字形式给出的1862和1869，而忽视了以文字形式给出的“four years later”，误选B项，正确答案为D项。
(三)举例涉及例子的题目，通常是问某个例子说明什么。此时原文中的例子本身往往可以跳过不看，只需关注例子前后总结说明性的句子，因为举例只是给一定的观点提供证据而已。例如，下面文章后面的第一个题目这样问： The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us ________. A.the differences between robots and men B.the reason why men need to sleep C.about the need for robots to save power D.about the danger of men working at night 从题干的分析便可知道，此题是考一个例子说明什么，因此看原文时只需看该例子前后结论性的话。在可以看懂结论性句子的前提下，有关robot这个例子本身的内容便可以不看了。另外，还有一点值得注意的是，问例子说明什么，有关例子本身的选项，就不大可能为正确答案，因为它只是一个论据，正确答案一定是超越论据的结论。
(四)因果很多以因果关系为考点的题目，会在原文中出现表示因果关系的提示词，常用的有以下这些：名词basis,reason,result;介词because,for,since;连词therefore;动词lead to,result in,result from;总结性词组all this,that is why,for these reasons.
(五)比较原文中的比较也是重要考点，但职称考试阅读部分中的比较更多的是出现在干扰选项中。含有绝对意义的比较(主要指first，major和none)以及惟一性的比较(主要指only)的选项大都是干扰选项。
(六)段落首末句职称考试阅读部分段落的首末句往往能概括本段的主题，是本段的重点所在，所以经常被考到，尤其是段落的首句。
二、适当标记
考试成绩比较好的学生，在阅读时一般都会作一定的标记。作标记不但可以使考生精力更加集中，而且还可以使考生在回原文找答案时，能较快回忆起原文的内容和文章的脉络。在做标记时，可以圈出转折、因果、并列、举例和数字等具备考点或体现文章行文思路的信号词。
三、利用题序
考生在做题时，经常遇到的问题就是不能在短时间内有效地在原文中找到答案所对应的句子。很多考生的做法是做一个题目看一遍原文，这就浪费了大量的时间。其实，职称考试阅读部分很多题目是按照原文的叙述顺序而依次设置的，尤其是细节题，更具有这一规律。一般地，主题性题目和词义题是不会打乱细节题的顺序的。这样，考生就可以利用细节题的顺序，缩小查找细节题答案的范围。比如，第一题、第二题和第三题都是细节题，第一题和第三题的答案均已找到，但第二题的答案没有方向。这时可以把第二题的查找范围确定在第一题和第三题之间，从而避免满篇找答案。
四、有所不为
职称考试阅读部分每篇文章后面只有五个题目，它们只涉及原文部分内容而不会覆盖整篇文章。言外之意，对考试而言，原文中的很多信息是无效的。事实上，职称考试阅读部分经常出现一段或两段轮空不考的情况，尤其是当一篇文章段落比较多的时候更是如此。要做到有所为有所不为，就要求考生先看题干，对考什么做到心中有数，然后有效地阅读原文。比如下面文章的部分题目： 61.By “…… challenges explanation” (Line 2，para.1) the author means that ________. 62.The third paragraph is mainly about ________. 63.The author's purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ________. 上面三个题目中，61题方向已经给出;62题问第三段主要内容，即考该段的主题，一般在段落首末句给出，所以这个题目的方向为阅读第三段的首末句;63题问作者写第二段的目的，即考该段的主题，所以阅读方向为第二段的首末句。 又如下面文章的部分题目为： 21.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________. 23.The findings of the experiment show that ________. 25.What is the one of the possible conclusions of the experiment ________. 从三个题目的题干出发，便可知道原文中会涉及实验，于是可以作如下分析：21题问研究人员进行实验的目的，那就应该在实验过程之前找答案;23题问实验的发现表明什么，说明是在实验的过程之后找答案;25题问一个可能的结论，自然也是在实验过程之后找答案了。23题和25题两题都可以通过在原文中找总结性的句子较快找到相应的答案。 当然，有选择地阅读原文，可能会导致对原文整体理解的欠缺。但是，在考试中，若考生没有能力把整篇文章看懂或不能在规定的时间内做完题目，也只能退而求其次了。
五、避难就易
在阅读文章时，考生会不可避免地遇到一些生僻的单词或一些比较难理解的句子。这时，考生可以采取以下措施：
(-)跳过不看若较难懂的信息不涉及后面的题目，那就没有必要在这些地方浪费时间了。比如下面文章第一段最后一句为： We set up a taste test that challenges people who identified themselves as either Coca - cola or Pepsi fans： Find brand in blind tasting. 这里的a blind tasting的确切含义是“品尝没有标明品牌的饮料的活动”，像这样较难理解又不涉及题目的信息大可跳过不看，我们的目的是做对题目，而不是欣赏文章。
(二)简化信号职称考试阅读部分，有时候会出现一些在本文中有特定含义的词组。如下面文章中出现了“primary nurse”(责任护士)，考生虽然对每个单词都认识，但整个词组的意思就不好把握了。而且在后面的题目中也出现了这个词组，这时考生可以把primary nurse简化成PN，后面的题目照样可以做出来，这就省去了理解primary nurse的时间。
(三)前后推理有些难词难句前后会出现并列或转折的信号，此时可以利用推理，由易到难进行推理。比如下面文章第二段有以下内容： …… Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed，along with a tiny power pack，in the patient's chest.The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years.But some people are already worrying that they'll work - and that American's overextended health - care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. 对应题目： Some people feel that ________. A.artificial hearts are seldom effective B.the country should not spend much money on artificial hearts C.the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts D.American's health - care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health 本题需要根据原文中but所在句的意思得出答案，但这句话不少考生在理解的时候有困难。通过but，我们可以知道这句话和上面的句子意思相反。而上面的信息是告诉我们新的人工心脏在10到内便可以造出来，照理这应该是件好事，但下一句马上用but转折，说明这句话能够体现人们对人工心脏持否定态度。综观四个选项只有A项和B项对人工心脏持负评价，C项对人工心脏持正评价，D项没有涉及人工心脏。再通过but所在句的信息便可知，原文谈的是钱的问题，便可选B项。
在考前考生还需要在以下几方面做好应试准备：
1.保证单词量：单词是考试中理解文章的基础，而很多考生往往单词背得很少，导致理解错误;或者单词背得不熟，导致理解太慢。比如很多考生连pessimistic(悲观的)，in that (由于，因为)等这些考试中常用单词和词组都没有背出;还有很多同学记忆单词靠主观猜想，如不少同学认为objective(客观的)是“反对的”之意。在考前时间不多的情况下，考生可以通过熟记职称真题中的核心词汇，抓重点来背。
2.及时作总结：有的考生练习做了不少，但是水平提高不多。究其原因，主要是缺少了总结这一环节。正所谓“学而不思则罔”。只练习不总结就是缺少了更高层次的思考，不能知道自己的不足在哪里，更不能有针对性地加以改正。在作总结的时候，考生可以站在出题者的角度，分析其出题的一般思路，归纳其设置正确答案和干扰选项的共性。另外还要注意把做错的题目按题型加以分类，并在每一类中总结出错的共同原因，此原因即为需要改进的不足。 比如，下面文章后面的题目： 38.In the author's view,the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides ________. A.now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths B.is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides C.has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention D.is unavoidable because people can't do without pesticides in farming 39.People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because ________. A.the danger does not become apparent immediately B.the present is more important for them than the future C.limited exposure to them does little harm to people's health D.humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning 上面38题和39题分别选B项和A项，而很多学生会选择38题的C项或D项，39题的C项。分析上面两个题目选错的共性，可以发现这是因为我们结合自己的社会经验和一般常识，只注意了本选项的合理性，而没有关注到原文是否谈到了这一话题。这样我们就可以归纳总结：不合理的选项一定是干扰项，但合理的选项未必是正确的，只有原文谈到的选项才是对的。
3.限时做练习：时间和正确率是一对正相关的矛盾，做题所用时间越多，正确率也就越高;相反，所用时间越少，正确率也就越低。很多学生平时练习只注意正确率，做题没有时间限定。考生平时练习若不限定时间，那么即使正确率很高，也末必能在考试时得到理想成绩，因为能力够了也可能会来不及做题。所以，在考试前必须通过做几份真题，把自己在应试中的速度培训出来，树立时间观念。
就时间的具体安排而言，建议考生按照以下模式训练：一分钟看题干，14分钟看原文，14分钟做题。根据以往经历，考生往往会在第一篇或第二篇文章上花太多时间，导致后面的题目来不及做。这一方面是和题目的难易程度有关;另一方面是和考生没有合理分布考试时间有关。
概而言之，在临考前考生需要掌握应试策略，提高应试技巧，有效练习，及时总结。
The Cherokee Nation Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States. After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible-there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River? The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.
1.The Cherokee Nation used to live A) on the American continent. B) In the southeastern part of the US. C) Beyond the Mississippi River. D) In the western territory.
2. one of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of A) writing down the spoken language. B) Making word pictures. C) Teaching his people reading. D) Printing their own newspaper.
3. A law was passed in 1830 to A) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were. B) Send the army to help the Cherokees. C) Force the Cherokees to move westward. D) Forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.
4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands. A) they went in carts. B) They went on horseback. C) They marched on foot. D) All of the above.
5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because A) they were not willing to go there. B) The government did not provide transportation C) They did not have enough food and clothes. D) The journey was long and boring. KEY: BACDC
1.职称英语考试阅读理解练习题
2.职称英语练习题及答案
3.职称英语考试理工类阅读理解练习题
4.关于职称英语考试理工类阅读理解练习题
5.职称英语考试理工类阅读理解练习题
6.职称英语阅读理解强化练习题及答案
7.职称英语概括大意练习题
8.职称英语考试练习题
9.职称英语概括大意的练习题
10.20职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读理解练习题
职称英语阅读（四）理工类
PASSAGE 12
Kitchen Design
Over the years economic, social and technological factors have influenced the design of kitchens. Since it is often used simultaneously by both family members as well as guests, the kitchen requires not only a glamorous look but a practical one. Also, the design elements must meet the needs of the modern family.
Environmental concerns have had an enormous impact on kitchen design. This concern includes recycling of house hold material, as well as energy efficient appliances and the purity of both water and air. Research shows that up to 85 percent of the population is concerned about what might be in their drinking water. They are also often dissatisfied with the taste and odor of what comes out of their tap. This is why it's important to consider adding a water filter system.
The character of today's kitchen is very different from the way it was thirty years ago. There's more sophistication in food preparation, and more technological help with cooking and clean-up.
When choosing cabinets, first consider the style. Use the architectural style of your house as a guide. Because cabinets are a big investment, it is best to choose quality. Popular styles in kitchen cabinets are framed panel doors with raised or recessed panels of wood, cabinet fronts with glass panes, or simple slab doors in a rich painted or laminated finish. Cabinet pulls, don't be afraid to mix and match styles.
Because many of today's kitchens consist of two of more cooks sharing in the meal preparation, there is a need for more counter space, cooktops and sinks. Although lifestyles are changing, the primary function of the kitchen as an area for preparing food has remained unchanged. The sink remains one of the most used areas in the kitchen as well as an important decorative statement.
Appliance technology is moving at a very fast pace. Choosing what type of appliances as well as how many will depend on seve
职称英语阅读（二）理工类
PASSAGE 4
The Sea
What do you know about the sea? We know that it looks very pretty when the sun is shining on it. We also know that it can be very rough when there is a strong wind. What other things do we know about it?
The first thing to remember is that the sea is very big. When you look at the map of the world you will find there is more water than land. The sea covers three quarters of the world.
The sea is also very deep in some places. It is not deep everywhere. Some parts of the sea are very shallow. But in some places the depth of the sea is very great. There is one spot, near Japan, where the sea is nearly 11 kilometers deep! The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high. If that mountain were put into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometers of water above it! What a deep place!
If you have swum in the sea, you know that it is salty. You can taste the salt. Rivers, which flow into the sea, carry salt from the land into the sea. Some parts of the sea are saltier than other parts. There is one sea, called the Dead Sea, which is very salty. It is so salty that swimmers cannot sink! Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea!
In most parts of the sea, there are plenty of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are also millions of tiny living things that float in the sea. These floating things are so small that it is hard to see them. Many fish live by eating these.
The sea can be very cold divers who go deep down in the sea, know this. On the top the water may be warm. When the diver goes downwards, the sea becomes colder and colder. Another thing happens. When the diver goes deeper, the water above presses down on him. It squeezes him. Then the diver has to wear clothes made of metal. But he cannot go very deep. Some people who wanted to go very deep used a very strong diving ship! They went down to the deepest part of the sea in it. T
职称英语阅读（三）理工类
PASSAGE 8
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and college. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen
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