下面小编给大家整理了雅思阅读如何做到8分到9(共含6篇），供大家阅读参考。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“szjxtx”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
雅思阅读8分到9，我是如何做到的
1.如何备考?
我个人觉得听力备考做剑桥雅思真题就妥妥够了。怎么做呢?我的建议是每套题做三遍。第一遍按考试节奏做，第二遍看听力原文查好生词(这些生词要记下来反复听，尽量做到会用)，第三遍快进听自己错的地方，耐心分析为什么会错。——这一步很关键，不管你的理由是“开小差”还是“没听清”，都不要轻易放过去了，因为有时看似偶然的错误其实是必然的。随着做题量的增多，你会明显感到自己的听力有一个质的提升。
2.有什么做题小技巧?
1)每个section的30秒时间一定要善加利用，大胆“预测”，可以自己发明一些速记符。比如，在觉得会是名词的空格后全部标上一个表示复数的符号如【s】，提醒自己注意单复数。如果听到确定有s则勾上，若没有则划去。还有许多其他的小技巧可以自行总结。
2)雅思听力是细节决定高分。考试最后有十分钟时间誊写答题纸，此时注重检查可能还能提分哦。着重检查4点：连字符，单复数，拼写(不用看大小写，雅思听力阅读均不区分答案大小写问题，这是官方标答，无需担忧)。
3.平时该如何练听力呢?
我下载了很多native speakers的英语音频或视频，一般想到了就会点开当背景音啦，反正开着又不累…一般我就听《经济学人》的文章，对阅读也有帮助。
Ⅱ.阅读
阅读我是满分，所以相对比较有发言权啦…但其实看到分数的时候确实挺意外的，因为我阅读花的力气是最少的，真题四本都没做到就去考了，结果反而考得最好，现在要总结起来也一时有些懵逼…我就简单回忆一下自己的准备过程和做题技巧吧。
1.如何备考?
同听力，我依旧是紧抱真题不放手，每套真题刷三遍…不过阅读分析时要比听力更细致。
第一是查生词。我向来不主张“干背”单词，即利用单词书或app，脱离文章背。虽然我每天用一些软件单词打卡，已经三百多天，但我并不认为这对我的雅思阅读帮助巨大。如果说一点没用是有点绝对，但我觉得这常会给自己一种“我每天都在用功”的幻觉，其实很多都没背进去。
BUT——背单词依然是重中之重。背什么?就背真题里听力/阅读的单词，吃透意思。怎么背呢?做完一套题，查完生词含义，再结合文章内容背，这样事半功倍。
第二是看解析，想明白自己为什么错。是对NO和NOT GIVEN的定义理解不透，还是文章内容没看懂，多问自己几个为什么。很多解析可以在网上找到，土豪如果想买解析/官方指南/精讲当然也可以啦…
2.我没时间刷题，怎么办呢?
常有烤鸭无比自责地说：因为没刷完真题，阅读只考了X.X分…告诉懒人们一个喜大普奔的消息：我只做了4套题，但我考了满分!
我是怎么做的呢?雅思阅读分八大题型，做2至3套题就能知道个大概，自己最擅长和最不擅长的是哪一类型，再找真题书里的这一题型着重练习即可。(比如，我就不擅长Heading的题型，所以考试时看到这种题就放最后做，把有把握的分全拿到。)
但我并不是说做题就不重要了。只是传统的中国学僧多以语言输入为主，听力阅读的学习时间本就高于口语写作，所以如果准备时间相对仓促，可以把时间更多地分配给作文或口语。而如果是阅读底子薄弱的童鞋，就建议在平时加大阅读量和训练做题速度了。
Ⅲ.口语
这是最让我心塞的一个part，二战都失利了，但我还是觉得临场的决定因素比较多，比如心理素质不够过关以及没有很好地把握考试技巧，并不代表我口语真的就这么渣…Anyway，我还是想厚着脸皮和大家聊聊口语(失败)的备考经，希望可以引以为鉴(戒)哦!
1.如何准备?
根据题库准备。
需要注意的是，每年1月、5月、9月是雅思换题季，所以一定注意报考时间，选择时间段内的题库。
2.Part 2如何准备?
口语中大家最重视的莫过于Part 2。很多人说part 2不要背，会穿帮(比如演技不好的我就死在这里…)，但是不背不代表完全不准备。如果干说确实能说出来，但在那样紧张的环境下，很难一下子想出比较好的句型变化，所以二战前我把话题全部写了一遍。
燃鹅，有人说，题库有五十几个话题，全写可能会写死啊!这时候就需要大开脑洞了!(这可是我最擅长的事嘿嘿嘿~)一定要学会根据题库联想套Part 2的题。
举个栗子，我有一篇的梗概是：毕业旅行，和室友们一起计划骑行到乡下,住在Airbnb上订的房子里度假，在花园里见到了野生动物，但我因突发事件错过了这次约定。
觉得没什么特别?我这一句话已经套进去了10个话题哦!分别为：
a) An enjoyable experience you had in the countryside
=An interesting house or apartment you visited
=A garden you have visited
=A time you were close to a wild animal
=Something you did with a group of people
1- A time you prepared for a happy event
2- A time you missed an important appointment
b) A plan in your life (that is not related to work or study)
=A car/bicycle/motorcycle trip that you want to go
=A holiday you want to go in the future
下面是我根据脑洞写出的文章，仅供参考：
a) This topic reminds me of my graduation trip three years ago. My roomies and I planned/made a bicycle trip to Hangzhou in order to celebrate the event that we succeeded insurviving from our high school.
We planned everything and discussed every detail together, like where would we live and how would we get there. The time I saw the apartment we booked, we screamed and laughed, rushing into it immediately. (That was one of the most interesting house I’ve ever stayed. Its exterior wall was painted as blue as the sky and inside was light blue. And the landlord made all the decorations himself, full of artistic atmosphere. What’s more,) there is also an amazing garden at the back of the house, and I was amazed at the sight of the beautiful scenery. Lotus bloomed quietly in the pond, and a slight breeze rose, wafting the heavy scent of flowers past us. But what surprised us mostly was that we met a wild animal in the garden by chance! Actually, that was just a little squirrel. One of us found it first and whispered in our ears, in case we were too loud to scary it. We got closer to the tree, helding our breath, and it looked like an elf! It was eating a kind of nut and jumped here and there. We took many pictures of it and signed that with the fast development, we no longer saw cute wild animals like it in our urban life.
1-将准备过程更加具体化
2-We planned everything and discussed every detail together, like where do we live and how to get there. At last, we decided to set up in the middle of June which is not quite hot and we can get there by bicycle. But what happened before leaving was a shock to me: my granny passed away because of heart disease and I went back to attend her funeral ceremony. I was too sorrowful even to care about missing the appointment, but afterwards, I did feel pity that I missed the chance to finish that trip with my friends, and they’re now all in different cities. But they understood me a lot and made a interesting video on WeChat to comfort me and this made me feel so much better. Till now, I still feel so warm when I think of this, maybe that’s the power of friendship that can cure sorrow.
b)将这件事描述成一个计划，时态改为将来时
3.Part 1 和 Part 3如何准备?
这个功夫在平时。我有几个在德国交换时认识的外国旁友，平时会在社交软件上聊天。如果口语本身就薄弱的，我建议找一个“语伴”。
四.作文
其实作文我是裸考的(没有装逼，是真的没时间看了)，没想到居然比口语高了…这个部分我就简单说吧。
很多人说作文不要背模板，没错，但是掌握写作思路是重中之重，可以没时间把预测题都写一写，但是思路要过过脑子，范文一定要看。
写作重在写，建议大家勤加练笔(虽然我自己没做到)但是写完一定要有人帮你看，不然不知道薄弱点在哪。
关于口语和作文的学习再多说两句，贴一段觉得hin有道理的话
听力阅读有大量的学习材料，而口语写作可用资源比较少，并且质量参差不齐，即使是老师，这两项上也很难保证自己的内容真正权威，尤其是写作本身对提供材料的人要求比较高。并且，这两样通俗点说就是“学起来更累”，所以稍一犯懒，这两部分的学习量就低了不少。而那些让我们感觉的“学起来更累”的东西，往往是具有更高的学习深度和学习效果的，比如听写一篇文章和拿一篇文章“听着玩儿”相比，翻译一篇阅读和浏览一篇文章相比，写一篇文章和看一篇范文相比，这并不意味着泛听泛读不重要，也不是说“无意识学习”这种事情不靠谱，而是大多数同学复习过程中，“学起来更累”的东西，还是少了些。
五.其他
1.英语基础能力如何提高?
我认为最重要的就两点：语法，单词。
我语法基础比较扎实，没有花太多时间。如果这方面薄弱的一定要买书回来下功夫看，提高很快的。单词前面说过了，我一般每天空着的时候就背一两百个，不占时间也权当放松。
2.考前几天怎么过?
(1)保持题感这是必须的。
不过也不用全天紧绷，我考前十天都是“做二休一“，复习两小时玩一小时。
有人说，要每天在考试时间(上午)模拟，然而夜猫子并没有毅力做到…但真心觉得是个很不错的建议呢。
(2)保持良好的身体状况。
能早睡早起是最好不过了，也不要疏于运动了。没时间做户外，我备考期间就早晚做瑜伽，挺治愈的。
(3)心态最重要!
屠鸭成功的第一步，是相信自己能够屠鸭成功。
解析抽象类雅思写作的话题
1. 竞争与合作哪个好?
题目：应当教育儿童竞争还是合作?竞争如何影响个人的，是利是弊?从团队运动比单独运动能学到更多的技能，同意与否?
2. 现在与未来哪个更重要?
母题：Many people are optimistic of the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you share their optimism? What changes would you like to see in the new century? (050521, 090723)
提示：这道貌似抽象的话题其实可以化身为具体的话题，与我们之前准备过的环保、社会、犯罪类话题结合起来。比如新世纪我们会遇到环境污染、全球变暖、动物灭绝、资源短缺、人口过剩、犯罪率上升等多重问题。
子题：人们在哪些领域取得了进步，哪些领域仍需进步?为什么将来比现在更加重要?
3. 个人品质
题目：与生俱来的性格和生活中的经历哪个更主要?要不要回到一个没有贪婪与自私，而是尊重老人和传统的美好世界去?体育中的成功仅仅取决于体能吗，还是有心理因素?经济上的成就一定会带来幸福吗?老年人的观念是否有帮助?年轻人要不要遵守社会传统观念，还是自由成长?
4. 社会观念
题目：经济实力是衡量国家的成功的唯一因素吗?人们挑衣服的时候越来越讲究时尚，是好是坏?现在人们用东西用完就扔，为什么，会导致什么影响?(提示：原因部分是社会价值观，影响部分与环保类话题中“一次性的文化”联系)发展中国家的人要比发达国家更快乐，为什么?经济发展会导致社会价值的丢失吗?
雅思作文结尾句型推荐分析
雅思作文结尾句型推荐：
1)In short，it can be said that.。
2)It may be briefly summed up as follows。
3)From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that.。.
4)in general/above all/with the result that/as a result/consequently。.
5)As far as I am concerned/as for me, .。.
6)This truth above seems to be self-evident。
7)Whether we examine the above, such things can happens anywhere anytime to anyone。
8)In my point of view, I like/prefer A much more than B。
9)I still prefer A, however, for they teach me not only to be ...but also to be...，both in...and in...。
10) There is no doubt that。
11) In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should efforts to。
12)To a large extent,..., therefore, reflects。
13)If all above mentioned measures are achieved。
14) Wherever you are and whatever you do, ...is always meaningful。
15)So clear/evident/obvious it is that there are quite different opinions on it。
16)Now, which one do you prefer-----the one...or the one...? Were it left to me to select, I should not hesitated a moment to choose the former/latter。
雅思写作中常犯的错误有哪些
语序
错例1：Canyou tell me how many students are there in this class?
正解：Can you tell me howmany students there are inthis class?
错例2：Theywere more worried about how far did they have to walk to get to the trainstation and could they catch the train before it left.
正解：They were moreworried about how far they had to walk to get to the train station and if they could catch the train before it left.
改错练习：
1. It’s hard to decide when and where will we hold the sports meeting.
2. If you want to learn about the latest developments and discoveriesfrom around the world， you will read about them in journals and researchreports published in English， no matter whether are the scientists who wrotethem from China or Norway.
双谓语
确保一句中有且仅有一个谓语动词
错例：It is unclear recycling can control pollution.
正解：It is unclear whether recycling can control pollution.
改错练习：
1. It is advertising makes us buy something impulsively.
2. There are two line charts show the unemployment rate fluctuates in China.
3. The percentage of families have one car increased greatly.
单复数，冠词
错例：Oneof the most challenging problem is who should be responsible for looking after the elderly people.
正解：Oneof the most challenging problems is who should be responsible for looking after the elderly people.
改错练习：
1. What our modernsociety values are the personality and creativity.
2. Private car willexert adverse impacts on the environment and traffic of the whole society.
3. Long-distance education provides students interesting way to learn.
标点
逗号表示句子内部的一般性停顿。两个具有独立含义的句子，在没有连词的情况下简单地被一个逗号隔开是不正确的。改正这样的错误须用句号或分号代替逗号，或用并列连词(and， but， or， so， nor， yet)连接两个句子，或用从属连词(because，as， although等)，否则会导致句子出现语法错误。
错例：Some people believe children in secondaryschool should study international news as a subject， others think that’sa waste of time.
正解：Some people believe children in secondaryschool should study international news as a subject. However， others think that’s a waste of time.
或：Some people believe children in secondaryschool should study international news as a subject， but others think that’s a waste of time.
改错练习：
1. Students should do some housework， it is goodfor them to be independent.
2. They are far away from parents and friends， theycan deal with everything by themselves.
雅思阅读 如何实现从6分到7分?
现阶段已经稳定达到雅思6分以上水平，目标在雅思7分及以上的同学，基本上对雅思阅读的题型和做题思路和方法已经比较熟悉(如果你对题型不熟，也达到了这个分数，那么告诉你一个好消息，题型熟了以后你的阅读分数就会非常高);
同时具备了至少5000-6000的词汇水平，能够较好地理解题目和文章核心部分;雅思剑桥真题也已经刷了不少，具备了较多的做题经验。而想要有更进一步的提高，这些同学还需要做到：处理好时间与正确率的关系;拒绝钻牛角尖;揣摩出题人的意图。
处理好时间与正确率的关系
经常听同学们吐槽，再给我十分钟，我就能把题目做对。时间把控确实是不少同学的心病，往往因为时间没有有效把控，导致题目和文章中的同意替换没有理解透彻，或者由于考场上被刻意营造出来的紧张氛围而阵脚大乱，心理防线崩盘，造成分数不理想。
阅读考试中的速度有两部分：阅读文章的速度和审题做题的速度。同学们需要分别提升这两种速度。
首先说一下审题做题的速度，这一点没有特别的好办法，只有“逼自己”。一方面逼自己扎实巩固词汇量和长难句的分析能力(雅思阅读中的长难句绝大多数可以依靠国内高中水平的语法知识分析理解，如果对这方面有困难则需要回炉梳理语法知识)，另一方面就是在平时的练习中逼自己控制时间，通常情况下，13-14道题目的审题时间控制在3分钟以内，第一篇阅读完成时间在15-18分钟以内(不建议太快，有同学可能15分钟内就能完成第一篇，但是一定要保证准确率，不然还是放慢一点)，第二篇18-20分钟以内，第三篇23分钟左右。
以上都是我们在平时的练习中需要达到的基本时间要求，这样的话才会在真实的考场上游刃有余，帮助缓解紧张的心态。
其次是阅读文章的速度，众所周知在考试中，文章内容并非需要一字不差的看完，如何准确略掉与做题无关或者不影响理解的内容，需要结合文章段落内部的逻辑结构和语法框架，审时度势。
拒绝钻牛角尖
到了六分水平以后，很多同学在做阅读，尤其是判断题时，特别喜欢“抬杠”，抬答案的杠，而我一向以为这是一种浪费时间的无效动作。这种抬杠现象的背后，一方面是考生对于文章和题目都有了比较清晰的认知，并且勇于思考，这是一种进步的表现，但是也体现了对英语逻辑思维的不熟悉，以及对于雅思阅读根据同意替换做题这一精髓还未能完全悟透。
一旦出现错题，在确定印刷出版无误之后，考生的正确姿势应该是及时给自己“洗脑”，而不是继续按照自己的思维去理解题目了。尽管两种语言思维确有差异，但我们为了将雅思题目做对，是不是应该顺从英语思维或者出题人的思维呢?
继续坚持自己的看法是不可能改变任何现状的。如果我们愿意低下自己高贵的头颅，在平时的练习和考试中顺从模仿英语思维，去理解答案的出处，久而久之，当我们也形成了类似的英语思维，那么选出正确答案就变得顺理成章。
揣摩出题人的意图
我们埋头刷题的目的是什么?为了熟悉题型，为了积累同意替换，为了锻炼速度。但还有一个目的可能对我们阅读能力的质的提升有重大帮助，就是领会出题人的意图。同学们有空可以尝试先不做题，只看文章。比如这段话，划出你认为比较重要的三点信息。
The Phoenicians inhabited the region of modern Lebanon and Syria from about 3000 BC. They became the greatest traders of the pre-classical world, and were the first people to establish a large colonial network. Both of these activities were based on seafaring, an ability the Phoenicians developed from the example of their maritime predecessors, the Minoans of Crete.
如果你划了the greatest traders/ colonial network/ seafaring,恭喜你，几乎练就阅读神功了。此三点都是出题点。
有一些刷过很多真题的同学可能会有这样的感觉：在看文章时，能够直接察觉文章内部有一些内容很可能是出题点，当开始审题时，他们会发现刚才的出题点确实出题了。
如果有同学具备了这种猜透出题人心思的能力，那么距离阅读高分已经近在咫尺了，而这种能力是需要大量刷题并且对题目和对应答案句进行细致精读后积累出来的思维惯性。
刷题一定要带脑子，审题一定要会预判，努力思考题目中可能的同意替换点，可能在文章中出现的同意替换表达。做题一定要尝试反推，题目所对应的段落可能包含什么样的信息。
雅思阅读模拟练习及答案
Rogue theory of smell gets a boost
1. A controversial theory of how we smell， which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics， has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.
2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.
3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.
4. “This is a big step forward，” says Turin， who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory， “it has been ignored rather than criticized.”
5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules， which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.
6. But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly， some molecules can smell different — to animals， if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。
7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape， but by its vibrations， which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.
8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism， says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team， is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.
9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. “The question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague， Andrew Horsfield.
10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea， while Turin was himself based at UCL， “I didn’t believe it”。 But， he adds， “because it was an interesting idea， I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations， and only then began to feel Luca could be right.” Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly， in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.
11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known， but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.
12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.
13. But Horsfield stresses that that’s different from a proof of Turin’s idea. “So far things look plausible， but we need proper experimental verification. We’re beginning to think about what experiments could be performed.”
14. Meanwhile， Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. “At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations，” he says. “Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition.” At the very least， he is putting his money where his nose is.
雅思阅读模拟练习及答案
Questions 1-4
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer
FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
1. The result of the study at UCL agrees with Turin’s theory.
2. The study at UCL could conclusively prove what Luca Turin has hypothesized.
3. Turin left his post at UCL and started his own business because his theory was ignored.
4. The molecules of alcohols and those of thiols look alike.
Questions 5-9
Complete the sentences below with words from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
5. The hypothesis that we smell by sensing the molecular vibration was made by ______.
6. Turin’s company is based in ______.
7. Most scientists believed that our nose works in the same way as our ______.
8. Different isotopes can smell different when ______ weigh differently.
9. According to Audrew Horsfield， it is still to be proved that ______ could really occur in human nose.
Question 10-12
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
10. What’s the name of the researcher who collaborated with Stoneham?
11. What is the next step of the UCL team’s study?
12. What is the theoretical basis in designing odorants in Turin’s company?
Answer Keys and Explanations
1. T 见第一段。“give sth the thumbs up”为“接受“的意思。
2. F 见第三段。 “That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid- 1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct.”意即“现在尚无法证实生物物理学家Luca在九十年代中期提出的理论是否正确。”
3. NG
4. T 见第六段 “Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs.”“identical” 一词是“完全相同”的意思。这句话是说alcohols和thiols的分子结构看起来一样，但是它们的味道却相去甚远。
5. Luca Turin 文章第二，三和七段均可看出Luca的理论即人类的鼻子是通过感觉气味分子的震动来分辨气味的。
6. Virginia 见第四段。
7. tongue 见第五段 “This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.”
8. the atoms 见第八段 “This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier.”
9. vibration-assisted electron tunneling 见第九段 ““The question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague， Andrew Horsfield.” 句中的代词“this”指句首的“vibration-assisted electron tunneling”。
10. Andrew Horsfield 见第九段结尾。
11.proper experimental verification 见第十三段。
12.their computed vibrations 见第十四段
自学雅思阅读怎么能上8?
首先，一定要有充足的时间准备。
据非官方调查表示，具备大学四级水平的烤鸭如果要自学攻破雅思阅读，达到6.5分以上，一般需要三个月左右的时间，而且如果起点较低的烤鸭需要备考雅思阅读的时间，必定花得更加的多。因此，准备考试的烤鸭必须抓紧时间，“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”。
然后，我们来看看自学雅思阅读的烤鸭们需要准备一些什么
词汇量
要是雅思阅读目标是6分的烤鸭，那你的词汇量需要达到5500这个数量左右，如果现在的你离这个目标是有些距离的，那你一定得准备好一本词汇手册，开始累积更多单词，开始背诵更多单词了。那要怎么挑选属于自己的词汇手册呢?烤鸭们必须要注意词汇手册的词汇表，选择的词汇表一定要适用于自己现在的水平，不能盲目去扩充词汇量，也不能太过简单快速。而且如果选择了词汇量比较大的词汇手册，那烤鸭们在背单词的过程中就会很容易产生厌倦情绪，因此建议烤鸭们先从大学四六级的词汇开始背起。
语法
烤鸭们都知道，语法知识这方面对于英语的学习来说地位是至关重要的，不仅仅因为语法与雅思听力和雅思阅读中的长难句理解有着深刻的联系，而且学会运用各种语法是有助于烤鸭们创造正确的句型。如果烤鸭们连语法这个基本功都还未扎实，那就一定要抓紧时间恶补了，而且各种英语语法的教学书当中有很多选择题以外的题型，对于烤鸭们日后在雅思阅读考试中长难句的理解是很有帮助的。
再者，我们来看看应该怎么去复习。
如果烤鸭们上述的准备都做得差不多了，那么烤鸭们就可以开始你们的正式复习了。这段复习的时间其实因不同烤鸭的不同水平而不同，但是至少也应该有个两三个月，所以这两三个月内，建议烤鸭们主要的复习手段都是做真题。材料当然是剑桥系列的第四到第七部，一至三部因为太旧了可能不适用于新的雅思考试出题策略。
更重要的是，雅思阅读部分的练习并不建议烤鸭们one by one地去完成，因为这样做的话烤鸭们会很难才能够发现雅思阅读的一些出题规律。雅思阅读与其它英语考试阅读部分不同之处在于它有很多题型，因此把握题型的出题规律，才是掌握雅思命题规律的关键。
雅思阅读：备考技巧总结
雅思阅读备考技巧一、词汇量一定要够足
烤鸭们必须正确理解还要有效提高自己个人的词汇量，这个词汇量会涉及生活中的方方面面。建议烤鸭们看看机经或者真题，了解一下雅思阅读考试一般的选材题型和材料的类型，从而再进行相对应的专题分类强化训练。同时在训练的过程中烤鸭们也可以运用自身所学到的一些记单词的技巧，其实词汇量这个东西是很容易在短期内有效提高的。此外，尽管许多烤鸭单词量其实还是可以的，但是单词的词型结构却没有分清楚，虽说词型的这一类小问题对考试来说并没有很重要的地位，但希望各位烤鸭不要忽视这个问题，因为要解决这个问题，烤鸭们在备考时多留一个心眼就搞定的，绝对是百利而无一害。
雅思阅读备考技巧二、要理解好背景文化知识
其实我们可以从语言学的角度入手，雅思阅读里面经常也有考察背景知识的题型。建议烤鸭们尽可能地去看一些国家地理的节目或者是BBC的新闻节目，多累计一些背景文化知识，扩充自己的知识面，结合雅思阅读考试的一些经常出现的题型材料然后有目的地分类学习，如果烤鸭们能够坚持下去，一定会在雅思阅读考试中有收获回报的。
雅思阅读备考技巧三、语法一定要熟悉
从我们接触英语，甚至是说接触一门语言开始，我们就理解到一个语言中语法起的是极其重要的作用，如果语言中没有语法或者语法混乱，那么无论是说话的人还是听话的人，都会难以理解。如果烤鸭们放任着自己的语法问题不管，积累下来就会在你日后的英语阅读中产生越来越大的阻碍，更不用说是雅思阅读考试。建议烤鸭们一定要熟悉语法并且能活用各种类型的语法，分析清楚句子的结构，才能在雅思阅读考试中得心应手。
雅思阅读：倒装强调的讲解
(1)倒装
_全部倒装 ：把全部谓语放在主语前。
1. there be 句型(特殊的全部倒装句型)
There are bloody contents ,violence and pornograpgy in the Internet.
2.there /here /now /then 放在句首
Now is the time to take action .
3.方位状语开头
In books are embalmed the greatest toughts of all ages .
4.主语与表语互换位置
Well-know is that energy crisis poses a threat to the society.
5.伴随状语开头
(with 或along with 放在句首时，句子应该全部倒装)
With globalization have come many problems.
_分倒装：只将情态动词，助动词或系动词放在主语前。
1. only +单词 ，词组 ，状语从句位于句首
Only in this way can you learn it well.
Only through education can we rise in the world .
2.以否定意义状语开头，部分倒装
Never /hardly .....when/no sooner...... than/scarcely.......when ......./by no menas /under no circumstances.
Never has this topic failed to fascinate people .
3.neither ......nor 开头
Economic success is not the only factor in achieving happiness ,neither is social status.
4. so 开头
Success teaches us something about ourselves .So does failure.
5.always /often /particularly /many times /many a time 放在句首时
Always am I amazed when I hear people saying that computers can replace teachers.
6.虚拟语气(特殊)
7.让步状语从句：由 though 或 暗示引导时间用倒装，将表语放在句子最前面。
Fascinating as computers utilized in education seem ,teachers' roles are more imperative.
8.so.....that 引导的结果状语从句
So severs is this problem that we have no alternative but to take some feasible measures to deal with it.
(2)强调
1.用 do/does /did+v.强调
Adversity best discovers virtue .
Adversity does best discover virtue.
Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace.
2.adv.或 adj.可表强调：never /only /very
This is the very question that deserves careful analysis.
Don't hit a man when he is down !Never hit a man when he is down!
The freedom of heart will never die .Only the freedom of heart will never die.
3.双重否定
Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks.
4.what 引导的主从
The lack of motive makes life dreary.
What makes life dreary is the lack of motive.
Cooperation really matters.
What really matters is cooperation.
5.倒装可表强调
A good job was never done without great effort.
Never was a good job done without great effort.
Little do people take into account the serousness of this problem .
6.比较状语从句
The scientific method is the most important tool for understanding the world .
Nothing is more powerful for understanding the world than the scientific method.
7.It is /was +被强调部分+that/who +原句剩余部分
(1)强调主语：It is the first step that costs most.
(2)强调宾语：It is yourself who/that you should first believe in.
(3)强调地点状语：It is in the whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has meaning .
(4)强调方式状语：It is through cooperation rether than conflict that your greatest success will be derived.
(5)强调状语从句：It is while we are young that the habit of industry is formed.
雅思阅读：主语从句的讲解
一，主语从句可以由以下引导词引导：that /whether /whoever/which/whta /whatever /where / how/when/why /if
(1) That 引导主语从句，在主语从句中不做成分
That everyone may receive at least a moderate education is significant.
That education plays a vital role in all walks of life is clear
That advertisements are predominant in our day-to-day lives is obvious
(2)Whether 引导主语从句，在主语从句中做状语。
Whether you can succeed in making your dream come true depends on hard work more than lick.
Whether tachnology is a blessing or a curse is discussed heatedly by people
Whether computers can replace the role of teachers has long been a hot topic
(3)Whoever 引导主语从句，在主语从句中做主语。
Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps
Whoever dares wins .
Whoever seeks obtains.
Whoever suffers gets.
(4)Which 引导主语从句，在主语从句中做定语
Which way you turn is up to you
Which book you read is your decision
(5)What 引导主语从句，在主语从句中做主语，宾语。
What's done can't be undone .
What we do willingly is easy.
(6) Whatever 引导主语从句，在主语从句中做主语，宾语
Whatever is at the center of our life will be the source of our wisdom and power.
Wharever you love and trust in this world loves you in return.
(7)Where 引导主语从句，在主语从句中做状语。
Where we love is home
(8)How 引导主语从句，在主语从句中做状语。
How you think and act will influence your life .
(9) when引导主语从句，在主语从句中做状语。
When the sun is dhining is the best time to repair the roof .
When you can make it depends on your efforts.
(10)Why 引导主语从句，在主语从句中做状语。
Why so many people prefer to live in the city beyond me .
Why dinosaurs became extinct has long been a mystery to sxientists and researchers.
二，主语从句与形式主语it 的关系。
主语从句如果过长时，可用it替代，将原来的主语从句放在后面。
三，雅思写作中形式主语从句的使用
1.It's a fact ......
2.It's strange.....
3It's no wonder.....
4It seems.......
5It's said......
6It's reported....
7.It's believed....
8.It's universally-accepted...
9.It's announced .....
10.It's estimated....
11.It must be admitted.....
12.It's obvious ......
13.It can safely be said .......
14.It makes no difference.....
15.It's generally recognized........
16.It must be stressed out........
17.It has been proved..........
18.It is widely-accepted........
19.It can't be denied ...........
21.It's as clear as crystal.......
22.It goes without saying.......
23.It is thought........
24.It is commonly found......
25.It should be noted that.....
26.It is acknowledged......
27.It is well-know....
28.It is known to all.....
29.It is always the case.....
30.It is crystal-clear....
雅思阅读如何实现从6分到7分
处理好时间与正确率的关系
经常听同学们吐槽，再给我十分钟，我就能把题目做对。时间把控确实是不少同学的心病，往往因为时间没有有效把控，导致题目和文章中的同意替换没有理解透彻，或者由于考场上被刻意营造出来的紧张氛围而阵脚大乱，心理防线崩盘，造成分数不理想。
阅读考试中的速度有两部分：阅读文章的速度和审题做题的速度。同学们需要分别提升这两种速度。
首先说一下审题做题的速度，这一点没有特别的好办法，只有“逼自己”。一方面逼自己扎实巩固词汇量和长难句的分析能力(雅思阅读中的长难句绝大多数可以依靠国内高中水平的语法知识分析理解，如果对这方面有困难则需要回炉梳理语法知识)，另一方面就是在平时的练习中逼自己控制时间，通常情况下，13-14道题目的审题时间控制在3分钟以内，第一篇阅读完成时间在15-18分钟以内(不建议太快，有同学可能15分钟内就能完成第一篇，但是一定要保证准确率，不然还是放慢一点)，第二篇18-20分钟以内，第三篇23分钟左右。
以上都是我们在平时的练习中需要达到的基本时间要求，这样的话才会在真实的考场上游刃有余，帮助缓解紧张的心态。
其次是阅读文章的速度，众所周知在考试中，文章内容并非需要一字不差的看完，如何准确略掉与做题无关或者不影响理解的内容，需要结合文章段落内部的逻辑结构和语法框架，审时度势。
拒绝钻牛角尖
到了六分水平以后，很多同学在做阅读，尤其是判断题时，特别喜欢“抬杠”，抬答案的杠，而我一向以为这是一种浪费时间的无效动作。这种抬杠现象的背后，一方面是考生对于文章和题目都有了比较清晰的认知，并且勇于思考，这是一种进步的表现，但是也体现了对英语逻辑思维的不熟悉，以及对于雅思阅读根据同意替换做题这一精髓还未能完全悟透。
一旦出现错题，在确定印刷出版无误之后，考生的正确姿势应该是及时给自己“洗脑”，而不是继续按照自己的思维去理解题目了。尽管两种语言思维确有差异，但我们为了将雅思题目做对，是不是应该顺从英语思维或者出题人的思维呢?
继续坚持自己的看法是不可能改变任何现状的。如果我们愿意低下自己高贵的头颅，在平时的练习和考试中顺从模仿英语思维，去理解答案的出处，久而久之，当我们也形成了类似的英语思维，那么选出正确答案就变得顺理成章。
揣摩出题人的意图
我们埋头刷题的目的是什么?为了熟悉题型，为了积累同意替换，为了锻炼速度。但还有一个目的可能对我们阅读能力的质的提升有重大帮助，就是领会出题人的意图。同学们有空可以尝试先不做题，只看文章。比如这段话，划出你认为比较重要的三点信息。
The Phoenicians inhabited the region of modern Lebanon and Syria from about 3000 BC. They became the greatest traders of the pre-classical world, and were the first people to establish a large colonial network. Both of these activities were based on seafaring, an ability the Phoenicians developed from the example of their maritime predecessors, the Minoans of Crete.
如果你划了the greatest traders/ colonial network/ seafaring,恭喜你，几乎练就阅读神功了。此三点都是出题点。
有一些刷过很多真题的同学可能会有这样的感觉：在看文章时，能够直接察觉文章内部有一些内容很可能是出题点，当开始审题时，他们会发现刚才的出题点确实出题了。
如果有同学具备了这种猜透出题人心思的能力，那么距离阅读高分已经近在咫尺了，而这种能力是需要大量刷题并且对题目和对应答案句进行细致精读后积累出来的思维惯性。
刷题一定要带脑子，审题一定要会预判，努力思考题目中可能的同意替换点，可能在文章中出现的同意替换表达。做题一定要尝试反推，题目所对应的段落可能包含什么样的信息。
雅思阅读材料：简短回答问题题型解析
Short-answer Questions 简短回答问题
(1) What are candidates required to do? 考试要求
This task type requires candidates to answer questions about details in the passage. Questions usually relate to factual information. Candidates must write their answers in words or numbers on the Answer Sheet.
(2) How many words are candidates asked to write? 字数要求
Often the instructions will state ‘NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage’, but sometimes ‘ONE word’, or ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS’. Numbers can be written using figures or words.
(3) Are candidates penalised for writing more than the stated number of words字数限制
Yes. If candidates write more than the number of words asked for, they will lose the mark even if their answer includes the correct word(s).
(4) What about contractions or hyphenated words? 缩写和连字符号
Contracted words will not be tested. Hyphenated words count as single words.
(5) What skills are tested in this task type? 测试技能
This task type tests candidates’ ability to locate and understand precise information in the passage.
(6) Are the questions in text order? 题目顺序
The questions are usually arranged so that the answers appear in order in the passage.
(7) What text type is this task type used with? 文章类型
It is most likely to be used with a passage that contains a lot of factual information and detail.
雅思阅读段落信息配对题
一.人中俊杰型
对于阅读能力和记忆能力都超凡脱俗，可以一心多用的天才型人物所适合运用的方法，体现了“学院派”雅思培训师一致倡导的思路。这一方法我把它归纳称之为“段落依次清空法”，该方法的具体步骤如下：
1.仔细阅读题目要求，明确题干信息是和原文的段落(paragraph)配对还是和章节(section)配对。题干信息和原文章节(section)配对的情况在学术类和培训类中均少量出现过，还是应当引起注意。
2.通读题干，划出定位关键词(最具特征的词和意义最核心的词)，并尽可能多地记住这些关键词。以便为下一步阅读确定定位目标。
3.以原文段落为解题的单元和顺序，从第一段开始逐段阅读原文，方法是结合题干关键词精读首末句，泛读其它语句，寻找其中所涉及的所有题干对应信息，确定正确答案。另外还要注意段落中重复出现的词，大写的词，引号内的内容，有表示转折，递进，因果等逻辑关系词的语句。
“段落依次清空法”的最大优点在于能够避免重复阅读文章，如同一次彻底的“扫雷”，将题干信息从各段落中一次性地“清理”出来，从而确定正确答案。但是这个方法的效率基础在于能够全面且清晰准确地记住事先通读的各题干的关键词，并且在寻读文章时能够及时就对应的信息形成反应。也就是说可能需要一心十用，其难度对于阅读能力一般的考生来说是不言而喻的。
二.芸芸众生型
把提高解题速度的重点放在避免重复阅读文章上固然有科学的一面，但其过高的能力要求却是令众多的考生望尘莫及。其实只要时间安排合理，解答该题型时完全是有可能争取重复寻读原文，不仅可以大大提高答题的正确率，也可进一步熟悉文章，为其它题型的解答奠定基础。我们来看下面的时间计算分配：
雅思阅读平均每题所耗时间 = 60(分钟)/ 40(题)= 1.5(分钟/题)
本题型一次出题的平均题量(根据剑4-6统计)= 5.2(题)
因此可推出本题型平均可用时间 = 5.2(题)1.5(分钟/题)= 7.8(分钟)= 468(秒)
估计确定所有题干定位关键词所耗时间 = 30(秒)
阅读文章的平均字数 = 1000(字)
若寻读两遍，则所需阅读字数 = 1000 = (字)
若寻读两遍，则所需达到的阅读速度 = 2000(字)/ (468秒 – 30秒)= 4.6(字/秒)= 276(字/分钟)
英语教学专家Christine Nuttall在其Teaching Reading Skills in a Foreign Language(Heinemann )一书中对于英语母语正常阅读速度是这样描述的：An L1 speaker of English, of about average education and intelligence, reads at about 300 wpm. 因此对于L2 speaker of English来说，作为一种快速简略阅读的寻读速度达到276 wpm并非是一个很高的要求，通过一定量的练习是完全可以达到的。如果我们寻读的速度能够达到这一要求，那么就可以有足够的时间对原文寻读两遍，而这就意味着每次寻读我们只需记住和寻找2-3个题干的定位关键词，这样的记忆能力通过解题训练也是完全可以具备的。具体解题方法见以下步骤：
1.仔细阅读题目要求
2.题干定位关键词的确定 + 所在段落的预测(限时30秒)
3.以276wpm的速度对原文寻读第一遍，找出2-3个题干定位关键词的对应信息，确定正确答案。
4.以276wpm的速度对原文寻读第二遍，找出其余题干定位关键词的对应信息，确定正确答案。
雅思阅读如何实现从6分到7分
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Sheet glass manufacture:
the float process
Glass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime. When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (℃) this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled. The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning. This method was very effective as the glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished, with a 'fire finish'. However, the process took a long time and was labour intensive.
Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were looking for a method of making it continuously. The first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle. This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked, and these would then need to be ground and polished. This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive.
The float process for making flat glass was invented by Alistair Pilkington. This process allows the manufacture of clear, tinted and coated glass for buildings, and clear and tinted glass for vehicles. Pilkington had been experimenting with improving the melting process, and in 1952 he had the idea of using a bed of molten metal to form the flat glass, eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath. The metal had to melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass (about 600℃), but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass (about 1500℃). The best metal for the job was tin.
The rest of the concept relied on gravity, which guaranteed that the surface of the molten metal was perfectly flat and horizontal. Consequently, when pouring molten glass onto the molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat. If the glass were kept hot enough, it would flow over the molten tin until the top surface was also flat, horizontal and perfectly parallel to the bottom surface. Once the glass cooled to 604℃ or less it was too hard to mark and could be transported out of the cooling zone by rollers. The glass settled to a thickness of six millimetres because of surface tension interactions between the glass and the tin. By fortunate coincidence, 60 per cent of the flat glass market at that time was for six-millimetre glass.
Pilkington built a pilot plant in 1953 and by 1955 he had convinced his company to build a full-scale plant. However, it took 14 months of non-stop production, costing the company ￡100,000 a month, before the plant produced any usable glass. Furthermore, once they succeeded in making marketable flat glass, the machine was turned off for a service to prepare it for years of continuous production. When it started up again it took another four months to get the process right again. They finally succeeded in 1959 and there are now float plants all over the world, with each able to produce around 1000 tons of glass every day, non-stop for around 15 years.
Float plants today make glass of near optical quality. Several processes — melting, refining, homogenising — take place simultaneously in the 2000 tonnes of molten glass in the furnace. They occur in separate zones in a complex glass flow driven by high temperatures. It adds up to a continuous melting process, lasting as long as 50 hours, that delivers glass smoothly and continuously to the float bath, and from there to a coating zone and finally a heat treatment zone, where stresses formed during cooling are relieved.
The principle of float glass is unchanged since the 1950s. However, the product has changed dramatically, from a single thickness of 6.8 mm to a range from sub-millimetre to 25 mm, from a ribbon frequently marred by inclusions and bubbles to almost optical perfection. To ensure the highest quality, inspection takes place at every stage. Occasionally, a bubble is not removed during refining, a sand grain refuses to melt, a tremor in the tin puts ripples into the glass ribbon. Automated on-line inspection does two things. Firstly, it reveals process faults upstream that can be corrected. Inspection technology allows more than 100 million measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the unaided eye would be unable to see. Secondly, it enables computers downstream to steer cutters around flaws.
Float glass is sold by the square metre, and at the final stage computers translate customer requirements into patterns of cuts designed to minimise waste.
Questions 1-8
Complete the table and diagram below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.
Early methods of producing flat glass
Method Advantages Disadvantages
1............
? Glass remained
2........... ? Slow
? 3.............
Ribbon
? Could produce glass sheets of varying 4.............
? non-stop process ? Glass was 5...........
? 20% of glass rubbed away
? Machines were expensive
图片11
Questions 9-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
9 The metal used in the float process had to have specific properties.
10 Pilkington invested some of his own money in his float plant.
11 Pilkington’s first full-scale plant was an instant commercial success.
12 The process invented by Pilkington has now been improved.
13 Computers are better than humans at detecting faults in glass.
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.
Question 14-17
Reading passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B and D-F from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Predicting climatic changes
ii The relevance of the Little Ice Age today
iii How cities contribute to climate change.
iv Human impact on the climate
v How past climatic conditions can be determined
vi A growing need for weather records
vii A study covering a thousand years
viii People have always responded to climate change
ix Enough food at last
Example Answer
Paragraph A Viii
14 Paragraph B
Example Answer
Paragraph C V
15 Paragraph D
16 Paragraph E
17 Paragraph F
THE LITTLE ICE AGE
A This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate — as opposed to weather — as something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism. They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded the world's first pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. But the price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.
B The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the lowest in recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.
C Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator, too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland, the Peruvian Andes, and other locations, we are close to a knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.
D This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 to 1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for then, as always since the Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature. Mean European temperatures were about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.
E It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weather descended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By 1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming and the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against famine.
F Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has been even steeper since the early 1980s. The Little Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming more frequent.
Questions 18-22
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.
Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.
Weather during the Little Ice Age
Documentation of past weather conditions is limited: our main sources of knowledge of conditions in the distant past are 18...........and 19.................. We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 20.............. , rather than of consistent freezing. Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, other of 21...............and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 22................with no rain at all.
A climatic shifts B ice cores C tree rings
D glaciers E interactions F weather observations
G heat waves H storms I written accounts
Questions 23-26
Classify the following events as occurring during the
A Medieval Warm Period
B Little Ice Age
C Modern Warm Period
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
23 Many Europeans started farming abroad.
24 The cutting down of trees began to affect the climate.
25 Europeans discovered other lands.
26 Changes took place in fishing patterns.
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.
Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i The difficulties of talking about smells
ii The role of smell in personal relationships
iii Future studies into smell
iv The relationship between the brain and the nose
v The interpretation of smells as a factor in defining groups
vi Why our sense of smell is not appreciated
vii Smell is our superior sense
viii The relationship between smell and feelings
27 paragraph A
28 paragraph B
29 paragraph C
30 paragraph D
31 paragraph E
32 paragraph F
The meaning and power of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is powerful. Odours affect us on a physical, psychological and social level. For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin to realise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-being
A A survey conducted by Anthony Synott at Montreal's Concordia University asked participants to comment on how important smell was to them in their lives. It became apparent that smell can evoke strong emotional responses. A scent associated with a good experience can bring a rush of joy, while a foul odour or one associated with a bad memory may make us grimace with disgust. Respondents to the survey noted that many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional associations. Such associations can be powerful enough so that odours that we would generally label unpleasant become agreeable, and those that we would generally consider fragrant become disagreeable for particular individuals. The perception of smell, therefore, consists not only of the sensation of the odours themselves, but of the experiences and emotions associated with them.
B Odours are also essential cues in social bonding. One respondent to the survey believed that there is no true emotional bonding without touching and smelling a loved one. In fact, infants recognise the odours of their mothers soon after birth and adults can often identify their children or spouses by scent. In one well-known test, women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by other people. Most of the subjects would probably never have given much thought to odour as a cue for identifying family members before being involved in the test, but as the experiment revealed, even when not consciously considered, smells register.
C In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, in comparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute. Our noses are able to recognise thousands of smells, and to perceive odours which are present only in extremely small quantities.
D Smell, however, is a highly elusive phenomenon. Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn't exist. ‘It smells like…,’ we have to say when describing an odour, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor can odours be recorded: there is no effective way to either capture or store them over time. In the realm of olfaction, we must make do with descriptions and recollections. This has implications for olfactory research.
E Most of the research on smell undertaken to date has been of a physical scientific nature. Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered. Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two — one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air. Other unanswered questions are whether the nose is the only part of the body affected by odours, and how smells can be measured objectively given the non-physical components. Questions like these mean that interest in the psychology of smell is inevitably set to play an increasingly important role for researchers.
F However, smell is not simply a biological and psychological phenomenon. Smell is cultural, hence it is a social and historical phenomenon. Odours are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of, and model for, interacting with the world. Different smells can provide us with intimate and emotionally charged experiences and the value that we attach to these experiences is interiorised by the members of society in a deeply personal way. Importantly, our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us from other cultures. The study of the cultural history of smell is, therefore, in a very real sense, an investigation into the essence of human culture.
Questions 33-36
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.
33 According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell when
A we discover a new smell.
B we experience a powerful smell.
C our ability to smell is damaged.
D we are surrounded by odours.
34 The experiment described in paragraph B
A shows how we make use of smell without realising it.
B demonstrates that family members have a similar smell.
C proves that a sense of smell is learnt.
D compares the sense of smell in males and females.
35 What is the write doing in paragraph C?
A supporting other research
B making a proposal
C rejecting a common belief
D describing limitations
36 What does the write suggest about the study of smell in the atmosphere in paragraph E?
A The measurement of smell is becoming more accurate.
B Researchers believe smell is a purely physical reaction.
C Most smells are inoffensive.
D Smell is yet to be defined.
Questions 37-40
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
37 Tests have shown that odours can help people recognise the.......... belonging to their husbands and wives.
38 Certain linguistic groups may have difficulty describing smell because they lack the appropriate ................ .
39 The sense of smell may involve response to................ which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours.
40 Odours regarded as unpleasant in certain.................are not regarded as unpleasant in others.
PASSAGE 1 参考译文：
玻璃板制造：浮法工艺
早在美索不达米亚时期和古埃及时期人们就开始制造玻璃，当时制作出的玻璃只不过是沙子、碳酸钠 和石灰的混合物而已。该混合物被加热到约1500摄氏度时会变成熔质，慢慢冷却后会硬化。最早成功制出透明、平整的玻璃的工艺中包括旋制法。该制法非常有效，因为玻璃在由软变硬的过程中不会接触任何表面，因此可以一直保持完美无瑕的状态，最后通过“火处理”收尾。然而，该过程耗时很长，而且要耗费大量的劳动力。
尽管如此，人们对平整玻璃的需求很高，全世界的玻璃制造者都在寻找可以连续制造玻璃的方法。第一个连续带式工艺过程是用两个高温滚轴挤压熔化的玻璃——类似老式的轧板机。该工艺可以连续不断地制造几乎各种厚度的玻璃，但是滚轴会在玻璃板的两面都留下痕迹，这就需要对玻璃进行打磨和抛光。这一过程会磨去约20%的玻璃，而且所用的机器也很昂贵。
Alistair Pilkington发明了浮法玻璃制造工艺。该制法可以用来制造用于建筑物上的透明、有色的加膜玻璃，也可以为车辆提供透明的有色玻璃。Pilkington 一直在反复实验，研究如何改良熔化工艺。在1952年，他 萌生了用熔化金属作基床加工玻璃板的想法，有了这样的金属液槽，就可以彻底淘汰滚轴了。该金属的熔点必须低于玻璃的硬化温度(约600摄氏度)，但同时沸点要高于熔化玻璃的温度(约1500摄氏度)。最符合这些条件的金属是锡。
实现这一想法的另一个条件就是重力。重力可以保证熔化金属的表面完全平整且水平。因此，把熔化的玻璃浇在熔锡上时，玻璃的下表面也会完全平整。如果玻璃能够保持足够的高温，它就会在熔锡上慢慢流动，直到其上表面也平整、水平，并与下表面完全平行。一旦将玻璃冷却至604摄氏度或更低，玻璃就会 硬化到表面不会被刮花的程度，这样就可以通过滚轴将其运送到冷却槽了。玻璃和锡的表面张力相互作用会使成形的玻璃板的厚度稳定在6毫米。幸运的巧合是，当时市场对玻璃板的需求有60%是6毫米玻璃板。
1953年，Pilkington建立了一个试点工厂。到1955年为止，他已经说服他的公司建立成套的工业装置。然而，他们经过14个月的不间断生产且每个月花费10万英镑，才在厂里首次生产出可用的玻璃。而且，他们 在成功生产出能投人市场的玻璃之后，就将机器关闭了，为的是在接下来几年能够持续生产。当机器再次投人生产时，又花了四个月的时间来使生产流程走上正轨。1959年，他们终于成功了。如今浮法制玻工厂遍布全球，每一个工厂都能够15年不间断地日产玻璃千吨。
今天的浮法制玻工厂可以生产出接近光学质量的玻璃。在容纳了2000吨熔化玻璃的熔炉内，同时进行着多个程序——溶化、精炼、均质化。这些过程发生在由高温驱动的熔化玻璃流的不同区域，并汇总成为一个长达50小时的无间断熔炼过程，向金属液槽平稳、连续地提供玻璃。接着玻璃会被送往加膜区，最后 会被送达热处理区——该区域能够缓释玻璃内部在冷却过程中产生的应力。
自20世纪50年代以来，浮法制玻的原理不曾改变过。然而，玻璃制品却经历了巨大变化：从之前单一的6.8毫米玻璃板到如今的亚毫米级至25毫米区间任意厚度的玻璃板;从之前很容易被内含物和气泡损毁 的玻璃带到如今接近光学完美的玻璃。为了保证最高质量，每一个生产阶段都有监察。偶尔，在精炼过程中 也会有一个气泡未被排出，一颗沙粒没有熔化，或是液锡的波动导致玻璃带产生波纹等情况。自动的在线监察有两项任务：一是向上游(生产前阶段)报告生产过程中可以修正的纰漏。监察技术可以在玻璃带上实 现每秒超过一亿次的测量，以定位肉眼无法辨认的瑕疵;二是让下游(生产后阶段)计算机操控刀具切割掉有瑕疵的部分。
浮法玻璃是按平方米出售的。在生产的最后阶段，计算机会根据顾客的需求设计玻璃的裁割方案，以实现浪费的最小化。
TEST 2 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：
小冰期
A.本书详细讨论了小冰期和其他气候变化，但是在我开始部分之前，我要向大家提供一个相关的历史背景。我们倾向于认为气候是不变的(与天气正好相反)。然而，人类自存在之日起就一直受到气候变化的支配——过去的73万年间至少出现过八次冰河期。自从大约一万年前的上一次大冰河期的末期开始，我们的祖先就凭借非凡的投机手段适应着普遍存在却并不规律的全球变暖。他们制定了各种策略，以便在周期性的大干旱、连绵数十年的暴雨或罕见的低温环境中存活;他们发展的农业和畜牧业给人类 的生活带来了革命;他们在埃及、美索不达米亚和美洲大陆建立了世界上最早的前工业化文明。但是，气候骤变带来的恶果——饥荒、瘟疫和苦难，往往十分严重。
B.小冰期大致从公元1300年持续到19世纪中期。仅两个世纪以前，欧洲遭遇了周期性的严冬，瑞士阿尔卑斯山脉的高山冰川的高度达到史上最低，冰岛周围常年被浮冰环绕。小冰期的气候活动不仅在塑造现代地球环境方面发挥了作用，也为如今史无前例的全球变暖现象提供了温床。然而，小冰期远非一个深度冰冻期，它实际上是由大气与海洋之间复杂难解的相互作用引起的、持续期普遍短于25年的一系列不规则气候剧变的集合。这样的起伏波动先是带来周期性的严冬和东风，然后又突然转变为持续数年的春季暴雨、夏季早雨、暖冬和频繁的大西洋风暴，抑或周期性干旱、轻东北风和酷暑热浪。
C.重构过去的气候变化极其困难，因为系统的天气观测仅仅在几个世纪之前才始于欧洲和北美洲。印度和热带非洲的记录开始得更晚。至于有记录之前的年代，我们只有“代理记录”——大部分根据树木的年轮和冰芯(的数据)重建，并辅之以少量不完整的手写记录。如今，我们拥有几百份树木年轮的记录，遍布北半球和赤道以南的很多地区;我们还从南极洲、格陵兰岛、秘鲁安第斯及其他地区钻得的冰芯中得到了越来越多的温度数据时该记录进行补充。我们很快就要掌握北半球大部600前年的年度冬夏温度变化了。
D.本书讲述了过去10个世纪间气候变化的历史，还介绍了欧洲人为了适应气候变化所采用的一些方法。第一部分描述了中世纪暖期，大致从公元900年持续到1200年。在这三个世纪中，古斯堪的纳维亚的航海者们从欧洲北部出发探索北海，在格陵兰岛定居，并探访了北美大陆。当时的气候就像大冰河期之后的所有时期一样，并非始终如一的暖期：雨量和温度经历着持续的变化。当时欧洲的平均温度和现在差不多，可能稍低一点。
E.众所周知，大约从公元1200年起，格陵兰岛和北极开始降温，小冰期到来。由于北极浮冰向南扩散，古斯堪的纳维亚向西的航海路线变更至开放的大西洋，然后一切航行都终止了。北大西洋和北海的风暴增加。1315年至1319年间，更冷更潮湿的天气降临欧洲大陆，成千上万的人死于横扫整个大陆的饥荒。到了1400年，天气明显变得更加难以预测，狂风暴雨的几率大增，间或出现气温急转直下，在16世纪末的几十年寒期时降到谷底。在那些正在兴起的城镇里，食品供应向来重要，而鱼类是至关重要的商品。鳕鱼干和鲱鱼干已成为欧洲鱼类贸易的主要产品，但是水温的变化迫使渔船驶向更加远离海岸的海域。巴斯克人、荷兰人和英国人最先造出了能够适应在寒冷、多风暴的大西洋中航行的离岸渔船。在人口增加时期，对食物供应的关心导致了北欧渐进的农业革命。这次革命带来了集中的商业耕种，以及为了种植动物饲料而在非农作物用地上进行的土地开垦。农作物产量的提高使得部分国家能够实现粮食和家畜的自给自足，为抵制饥荒提供了有效保障。
F.1850年以后，全球温度开始逐渐上升，拉开了现代暖期的序幕。一大批欧洲居民——从渴求土地的农民，到不堪爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒(由马铃薯枯萎病引起)的饥民——移居到了北美、澳大利亚、新西兰和非洲南部。1850年至1890年间，由于集中式欧洲农耕法传遍全球，数百万公顷的森林和林地毁于拓荒者的斧下。前所未有的大规模开荒使得巨量的二氧化碳被排人大气，并引起第一次人为的全球变暖。到了20世纪，由于矿物燃料的使用激增、温室气体量的持续增加，气温攀升的速度进一步加快。尤其是20世纪80年代以来，升温的速度加剧。小冰期被一种新的气候变化模式取代，其显著特点是长期、稳定的升温。与此同时，极端天气，如五级以上的飓风，正变得更加频繁。
TEST 2 PASSAGE 3 参考译文：
嗅觉的意义和力量
对气味的感觉，或嗅觉，是十分强大的。气味在生理、心理和社会层面均对我们产生影响。然而，在大多数情况下，我们吸入周围的气味却并不自觉它们对我们的重要性。只有当嗅觉因某种原因受损而失灵时，我们才开始意识到嗅觉在我们的幸福感中扮演的重要角色。
A.—项由Anthony Synott在蒙特利尔的Concordia大学开展的调查要求参与者评价一下嗅觉在他们的生活中的重要性。很明显，嗅觉能够唤起强烈的情感回应。某种和愉快经历相关的气味会带来欣喜之感;污浊的气味或与糟糕经历有关的气味则可能让人恶心得面部扭曲。这项调查的应答者们觉察到自身很多对嗅觉的好恶都基于情感联系。这样的联系在强到一定程度时，会让大众普遍不喜欢的气味变得令特定个体愉快，也会让大众公认为芬芳的气味变得让特定个体讨厌。因此，对于气味的感知不单单包括对其本身的感觉，也包括对与其相关的经历和情感的认知。
B.气味是社会联系的重要线索。一位接受调查的人认为，如果不去触碰和嗅闻你所爱的人或物，那么你们之间就没有建立起真正的情感联系。事实上，婴儿在出生后不久后就会辨识母亲的气味，成人也往往可以通 过气味辨认自己的孩子或伴侣。在一项著名的测试中，被测女性和男性都能够仅通过气味在相同的衣物 中区分自己的配偶穿过的衣服和其他人穿过的衣服。大部分被测者在参加测试之前，很有可能从来都没有意识到气味也能成为辨认家庭成员的线索。然而正如试验所揭示的，就算没有这样的意识，气味仍然会给人留下印象。
C.尽管嗅觉对我们的情感和感知生活都很重要，但它可能在很多文化中仍是最不受重视的官能。嗅觉遭受轻视的原因常常被归结为：相对于十分重视嗅觉功能的动物而言，人类的嗅觉功能较弱而且不发达。虽然人类的嗅觉确实不如某些动物的那样杰出，但是仍然相当敏锐。我们的鼻子能够分辨成千上万种气味，也可以感知极微量的气味。
D.然而，嗅觉是种非常难以捉摸的现象。气味与色彩不同，例如，在很多种语言中都很难给气味进行命名，这是因为特定的词汇根本不存在。我们想要描述某种气味时，只能说“它闻起来像……”，绞尽脑汁地表达我们的嗅觉感受。气味也无法记录：没有有效的方法能够捕获或长时间地保存气味。在嗅觉的领域，我们只能勉强依赖描述和回忆，这就涉及对嗅觉的研究。
E.迄今为止进行的多数关于嗅觉的研究都具有物理科学性质。对于气味的生化组成的了解已有了重要的发现，但是很多基本问题仍未得到解答。研究者们还需要判断嗅觉到底是一种还是两种感觉种感觉回应气味本身，另一种感觉记录空气中无味的化学成分。其他未解的问题包括鼻子是否唯一受气味影响的身体器官，以及如何客观地测量无形的气味。这样的问题意味着对于研究者来说，对嗅觉心理 学的兴趣势必起到越来越重要的作用。
F.然而，嗅觉并不只是一种生物学和心理学现象。嗅觉具有文化属性，因此也是一种社会学和历史学现象。嗅觉被赋予了文化价值：在有些文化中具有冒犯意味的气味到了其他文化中可能就变得可以为人所接受了。因此，我们的嗅觉是与世界进行互动的手段和模式。不同的气味能为我们提供私人的、感情充沛的经历，我们赋予这些经历的价值又会被社会成员以极个人的方式吸纳。重要的是，我们对气味所持有的共同感受能够帮助我们区分自身与其他文化群体。因此，对于气味的文化历史研究确实是深入人类文化本质的钻研。
TEST 3 PASSAGE 1 参考译文：
用激光回击闪电
很少有比雷暴天气更令人感到恐怖的天气了。仅在美国，猛烈的雷暴电流每年都会造成大约500人死亡或重伤。云层翻滚而来的时候，在户外打一场轻松的高尔夫成了一件异常可怕的事情，无异于是在拿自己的性命开玩笑——孤身一人在户外的高尔夫球手可能是闪电最喜欢攻击的目标。此外，闪电也会带来财产损失。每年闪电会对美国电力公司造成超过一亿美元的损失。
不过，美国和日本的研咳嗽闭诓呋鼗魃恋绲姆桨浮K且芽纪ü笛椴馐灾泻屠妆┑绾傻母髦址椒ā＝衲甓欤墙泵胬妆菏褂门浔傅募す馄魃湎蚩罩械挠暝疲蛊湓谏恋绯鱿种胺诺纭
迫使雨云根据指令释放闪电并非一个新想法。早在20世纪60年代早期，研究者们就尝试过把带着拖曳线的火箭射入雨云，以期为这些云层发出的庞大的电荷群搭建起便捷的放电路径。由于受到建在加利福尼亚的电力研究所(EPRI)的支持，这一技术在佛罗里达的州立大学试验基地幸存到了今天。EPRI由电力公司资助，现正致力于研究保护美国输电网不受闪电袭击的方法。“我们可以通过火箭让闪电击向我们想让它去的地方，”EPRI的闪电项目经理Ralph Bernstein如此说道。该火箭基地现在能对闪电电压进行精确测量，并可以让工程师们检测电气设备的负载。
不良行为
虽然火箭在研究中功不可没，但它们无法提供闪电来袭时所有人都希求的保护。每支火箭造价大约 1,200美元，发射频率有限，而失败率却高达40%。即使它们确实能够引发闪电，事情也无法总是按计划顺利进行。“闪电可不那么听话”，Bernstein说，“它们偶尔会走岔路，射到它们本不该去的地方。”
但不管怎样，有谁会想在人口密集的地区发射成群的火箭呢? “射上去的肯定会掉下来，”新墨西哥大学的Jean-Claude Diels指出。Diels现在正在负责一个项目，该项目由ERPI所支持，试图通过发射激光使闪电安全放电——安全是一项基本要求，因为没人愿意把他们自己的性命或他们的昂贵设备置于危险之中。有了迄今为止的50万美元的投入，一套有巨大潜力的系统装置正在该实验室慢慢成形。
这一系统装置的想法始于大约20年前，当时正在开发大功率激光器从原子中提取电荷并生成离子的能力。如果激光器能够生成一条直达暴雨云的离子线，就可以在闪电电场增强为一股无法控制的涌流并击破空气之前，用这条传导通道把电荷引导到地面上来。为了防止激光器本身受到电击，不能把它直接对准云层，而是要把它对准一面镜子，让激光通过镜子折射向天空。要在靠近镜子的四周布置闪电传导器从而 对其进行保护。理想的做法是，云层遥控器(枪)要比较廉价，以便能够把它们安装在所有重点电力设备周围;另外还要方便携带，以便在国际运动赛事场地中用于使逐渐聚积的雨云失去威力。
绊脚石
可是，仍存在巨大的绊脚石。激光器并不方便携带：它是个能占据整个房间的庞然大物。Diels一直想要缩小它的体积，并表示很快就会有小型桌子大小的激光器了。他计划在明年夏天用真正的雨云来实际测试这个更容易操作的激光系统。
Bernstein表示，Diels的激光系统正在引起各电力公司的广泛兴趣。但他们还没有准备好EPRI提出的500万美元——开发一个让激光器更小巧、价格也更便宜的商用系统的所需资金。Bernstein说：“我还不能 说我已经拿到钱了，但是我正在为之努力。”他认为，即将进行的实地测试会成为一个转折点，而且他也在期待着好消息。Bernstein预言，如果一切顺利，这将吸引“排山倒海般的兴趣和支持”。他希望看到云层遥控器的最终价格能定在每台5万到10万美元之间。
其他科学家也能从中受益。如果手上有了控制闪电的“开关”，材料科学家就可以了解强大的电流遇到物质时会发生什么现象。Diels也希望看到“互动气象学”问世——不仅仅是预测天气，而且能控制天气。“如果我们能使云层放电，我们也许就能左右天气，”他说。
而且也许，Diels说，我们将能够对抗一些其他的气象威胁。“我们认为我们也许能通过引导闪电来阻止冰雹，”他说。雷，来自于闪电的冲击波，被认为是大暴雨——典型的雷暴天气——的触发器。一个激光雷工厂可以把水汽从云层中震出，这样也许可以阻止威胁庄稼的大冰雹的形成。如果运气好的话，在今年冬天雨云聚积的时候，持有激光器的研究者们就能第一次对其进行回击了。
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