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美国英语及其文化内涵
世界上很多国家都使用英语,但由于地域、民族及社会的差异,产生了很多英语变体,美国英语就是其中之一.它产生于本国特定的文化和社会背景,具有自己独特的特点及文化内涵.我们可以透过美国英语了解美国文化,从而更好地掌握这门语言,更有效地进行跨文化交际.
作 者:于涛 作者单位:天津外国语学院,天津,300204 刊 名:黑龙江科技信息 英文刊名:HEILONGJIANG SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 年,卷(期): “”(36) 分类号:H3 关键词:语言变体 美国英语 文化内涵美国文化英语作文
美国文化的英语作文(一):美国文化
The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓, 经营) and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity.
American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise succeand heroes. Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans mind. Americans have very strong senses of success. Succeis the pursuit of most Americans, it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward. They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career. Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes. The proceand result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children.
American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects: movements amongst locations and movements inside the society. The United States are relatively more open and have more freedom. Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities, from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunny land, from one city to another. Unlike European countries, the social classes in America is not so stable. Further more, with the advocation of public education, movements upwards along the social ladder have become possible. Many people living in the states, no matter whether they are Native American or immigrants from overseas, have the same dream of changing their social claand make their lifetime dream come true through their own efforts. This is what they often called “American dream”.
美国文化的英语作文(二):美国文化(英文)
American culture, in a sense, is an extension of European culture, because the language of the Americans, demographic composition and her spirit of the foundation are from Europe. On the other hand, American culture with Europe, because European immigrants in the North American continent to drive away after taking the Indians, in a barren wilderness land to create a stunning is the splendid civilization. Therefore, in the United States talk about cultural practices and social propriety, it is necessary to take account of the same culture of Europe and the United States, but also pay attention to both of the opposite sex. Cultural practices is a wide scope and complexity of the topic, people involved in social life and relations In all aspects.
Of tolerance.
The United States is a country of immigrants, the ancestors from around the world. People emigrated to the United States, not only in the location to move on, but also in their country and customs of the council to a new place of residence. As miscellaneous, people their differences very obvious because the differences are very common, people do not particularly pay attention to unity. In time, the cultural practices of the Americans formed a higher level of tolerance (tolerance), the different cultures and different appraisals on tolerance, an acceptable attitude. At this point, the U.S. society feasible than the custom of other countries in the world more broadly.
From a political perspective, this tolerance of performance in the pursuit of freedom and the right to freedom of maintenance. From the religious that it reflected in the harmonious coexistence of different faiths. From the viewpoint of life, and it appeared in different communities, different ethnic communities live in peace. In a nutshell, in the United States, each person can basically arbitrary choice of different ideas, beliefs, traditions and customs and way of life; people can also keep a considerable extent, their customs and instrument. For example, Jews can celebrate their religious festivals, and Christians are to their Christmas and Easter. For example, again, the United States by Chinese in Chinatown Chinese live and work; the same token, the Vietnamese immigrants in their “little Saigon” according to Vietnam's way of doing business and engaged in various activities.
《背影》记事颇简单,一个丢了差使的小吏送子北上读书,在火车站送别。在军阀统治的旧中国,这种事是极平常的事,在那黑暗的社会里,即使这种小康之家,也经不起天灾人祸的打击。文章记述了作者家庭的不幸和当时的灰暗世态,从一个侧面反映了当时的社会现实。这种社会虽早已不存在了,但其记述的情景,对我们来说依然有着历史的认识作用。
其写作特点:本文通过抓住人物形象的特征——“背影”的命题以立意,组织材料,在叙事中抒发父子深情。
“背影”在文中反复出现四次,然每次的情况都有所不同,而思想感情则是一脉相承。第一次,在文章开头,旨在开篇点题“背影”。营造出一种浓厚的感情气氛,以笼罩全文。第二次,在车站送别的场面中,作者对父亲的“背影”作了具体的描绘,此为写作重点。父亲胖胖的身躯,穿着黑布大马褂,深青布棉袍,步履艰难,蹒跚的爬过铁道为儿子买橘子。这个镜头表现了父亲爱儿子的深厚感情,使儿子感动得热泪盈眶。第三次,父亲和儿子告别后,儿子眼望着父亲的“背影”在人群中消逝,离情别绪,又催人泪下。第四次,在文章结尾,儿子读着父亲的来信,在泪光中再次浮现了父亲的“背影”,思念之情不能自己,与文章开头呼应。
本文把父子之间的真挚感情表现得淋漓尽致,然又不同于一般作品去描写人物肖像、神情、音容笑貌等,而是抓住人物形象的一个特征“背影”,不惜笔墨作具体细致的刻画。作者这样处理,主要同作者的家境和心境有着密切的关系。因为,一、父亲老境“颓唐”,饱经忧患,半生潦倒;二、父亲在家境惨淡、祖母逝世、奔走谋职之时,还不辞辛苦,不怕麻烦送儿子上北京,还艰难的爬过铁道为儿子买橘子,而且反复叮咛一路小心。三、当时父亲的心境不好,儿子的心境也不好。因此,作者抓住父亲这样一个“背影”集中描绘,抒发特定环境下的思想感情,自然取得强烈的艺术效果。也正因为作品写的是特定的家境、心境、慈父孝子之间相爱相怜,字里行间有淡淡的哀愁,显得更加真挚动人。
具体说来,
1.民族化。《背影》的语言非常忠实朴素,又非常典雅文质。这种高度民族化的语言,和《背影》所表现的民族的精神气质,和《背影》文章的完美结构,恰成和谐的统一。没有《背影》语言的明丽典雅、古朴质实,就没有《背影》的一切风采。
2.简洁。本文通体干净,没有多余的字眼,即使一个“的”字、一个“了”字,也是必须用才用。除了夹入了一些文言词语以外,没有华美的辞藻,生僻的词语,都是质朴自然的家常话,生活气息非常浓厚,提炼得非常简洁。
3.朴实。《背影》全用白描记叙事实,不作任何修饰、渲染。通篇写父亲多么关心爱护儿子,儿子又是多么感激思念父亲,但像“关心”、“爱护”、“感激”这一类的抽象现成的字眼,文章中却一个也没有用,更没有什么华丽的词藻。大朴正是大巧的表现。文中用词造句都经过认真考究,绝不随便。如送行那一段:“父亲因为事忙,本已说定不送我,叫旅馆里一个熟识的茶房陪我同去,他再三嘱咐茶房,甚是仔细。”这里的“说定”,如果用“说过”似乎也通,但逊色多了。“说定”不送,后来终于还是送了,实际上是说而不定,很好地表现出父亲当时的矛盾心理。“熟识”一词,说明父亲嘱托的这个茶房该是靠得住的;“再三嘱咐”,表明嘱咐茶房遍数之多,不厌其烦,反复交代,唯恐茶房有半点疏漏;“甚是仔细”,表明嘱咐内容之详,把送行中应该注意的细微末节都提到了。这些用语,强调说明父亲已经为儿子上车作了极其精细、周密的考虑和安排,字眼虽然十分平常,但用得恰到好处,使父亲爱子之心跃然纸上。
4.感人。语言平实简洁,却能传达出无限深情是文章语言又一特色。全篇文字平平实实,但字里行间渗透着一种深切怀念之情,因而十分感人。话都是很平常的,没有什么特别,读者都有这种生活经验,因此也容易引起联想,由此发现人世间普遍平平常常而又最为珍贵的美好感情,给人以性情的陶冶,增进人们对天下父母心的理解。
5.文白夹杂。文中出现文言的原因:作者有很深的文言基础,当时的语体文中常有夹入文言词句的情况,这是一方面:另一方面,文章中使用文言词句,可能也与作者当时的思想感情有关,例如不说“失业”或“丢了差使”,而说“赋闲”,似乎“赋闲”不象“失业”那样刺耳和使人难堪,有失体面;最后一节既因父亲来信是文言,引用原句,更见真实,也因所表达的尽是家庭和父亲的困境和沧凉的心情与复杂的感受,所以也用了许多文言词句,这也笼上了一层时代赋予小资产阶级知识分子的特殊语言色彩。在写法上,《背影》的主要特点是白描,作者写父亲的背影,描写那买桔子时过铁道的场面,完全用白描的手法。所谓白描,照我的理解,就是不设喻,不加形容和修饰,用质朴的文字,把当时的情景如实地记写出来,给读者以身临目击之感。换句话说,白描是用叙述的方法进行描写,达到再现实景的艺术效果。
6、白描的技巧极高。如:“我看见他戴着黑布小帽,穿着黑布大马褂,深青布棉袍,蹒跚地走到铁道边,慢慢探身下去,尚不大难。可是他穿过铁道,要爬上那边月台,就不容易了。他用两手攀着上面,两脚再向上缩;他肥胖的身子向左微倾,显出努力的样子。这时我看见他的背影,我的泪很快地流下来了。我赶紧拭干了泪,怕他看见,也怕别人看见。我再向他看时,他已抱了朱红的桔子望回走了。过铁道时,他先将桔子散放在地上,自己慢慢爬下,再抱起桔子走,到这边时,我赶紧去搀他。”父亲的背影,儿子是太熟悉了。但这次要描写的,却不是那常见的背影,而是在特定场合下,使他极为感动、终生难忘的那个背影!作者不施浓墨,不用重彩,而是白描。再如作者写父亲当时的穿着打扮体态动作,特别着重描绘了过铁道的情景。怎样走去,怎样探身下去,怎样爬上月台,攀上爬下,移脚倾身,都细细地如实写下,我们读后有身临其境之感,仿佛我们当时也在场,也看到了一位仁慈的父亲对儿子的关怀和体贴的情景。
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American culture, in a sense, is an extension of European culture, because the language of the Americans, demographic composition and her spirit of the foundation are from Europe. On the other hand, American culture with Europe, because European immigrants in the North American continent to drive away after taking the Indians, in a barren wilderness land to create a stunning is the splendid civilization. Therefore, in the United States talk about cultural practices and social propriety, it is necessary to take account of the same culture of Europe and the United States, but also pay attention to both of the opposite sex. Cultural practices is a wide scope and complexity of the topic, people involved in social life and relations In all aspects.
Of tolerance.
The United States is a country of immigrants, the ancestors from around the world. People emigrated to the United States, not only in the location to move on, but also in their country and customs of the council to a new place of residence. As miscellaneous, people their differences very obvious because the differences are very common, people do not particularly pay attention to unity. In time, the cultural practices of the Americans formed a higher level of tolerance (tolerance), the different cultures and different appraisals on tolerance, an acceptable attitude. At this point, the U.S. society feasible than the custom of other countries in the world more broadly.
From a political perspective, this tolerance of performance in the pursuit of freedom and the right to freedom of maintenance. From the religious that it reflected in the harmonious coexistence of different faiths. From the viewpoint of life, and it appeared in different communities, different ethnic communities live in peace. In a nutshell, in the United States, each person can basically arbitrary choice of different ideas, beliefs, traditions and customs and way of life; people can also keep a considerable extent, their customs and instrument. For example, Jews can celebrate their religious festivals, and Christians are to their Christmas and Easter. For example, again, the United States by Chinese in Chinatown Chinese live and work; the same token, the Vietnamese immigrants in their “little Saigon” according to Vietnam's way of doing business and engaged in various activities.
Americans of tolerance, in addition to the above United States is a country that factors other than immigration, and the frequent movement of the Americans. As everyone knows, the history of the United States in the development of an important part of her history of the development of the western region. At that time, the United States Blazers or hiking, horseback or car, from east to west, from north to south, wherever there are opportunities, there Jiuwang resettlement. The frequent migration and continuous replacement of the Habitat so that people will always be in the “mobile”, and the occasional different facing the phenomenon of tolerance and more easily accepted. Moreover, the current migration also can help people expand the field of vision, known more widely know, the different practices with sympathy, understanding, and gradually formed diversity rather than uniformity of the openness of the concept.
As the Americans tolerant of stronger, so very few Americans to impose its will on other people, with China Confucius “by the others do not want to, not to impose on” the very Guxun like. For example, a husband may be a Republican, but he must not support the Democratic Party forced his wife to change political stance. Similarly, perhaps the mother is a Catholic, but she must not have forced her into a Muslim convert son to change religion. In their daily lives and habits of business in normal times, this spirit of tolerance is a common occurrence, commonplace.
翻译:
美国文化,从某种意义上说,是欧洲文化的延伸,因为美国人的语言、人口构成和她来自欧洲的精神基础。另一方面,美国文化与欧洲,因为欧洲移民在北美大陆印第安人赶走后,在一个贫瘠的荒野地创建一个惊人的是灿烂的文明。因此,在美国谈论文化习俗和社会规范,有必要考虑相同的欧洲和美国的文化,但也注意到这两个异性。文化习俗是一个广泛的范围和复杂性的话题,人们参与社会生活,在各方面的关系。
的宽容。
美国是一个移民国家,来自世界各地的祖先。人移民到美国,不仅在位置移动,而且在他们的国家和风俗理事会的新居住地。杂,人们分歧非常明显,因为差异是非常普遍的,人们并不特别关注团结。随着时间的推移,美国人的文化习俗形成了一个更高层次的`公差(公差),宽容不同文化和不同的评估,一个可接受的态度。在这一点上,美国社会可行的比世界上其他国家的习俗。
从政治角度看,这种宽容的性能追求自由和维护自由的权利。从宗教,它体现在不同信仰的和谐共存。从生活的角度,它出现在不同的社区,不同的民族生活在和平。简而言之,在美国,每个人基本上可以任意选择不同的观念、信仰、传统、习俗和生活方式,人们也可以保持相当大的程度上,他们的习俗和乐器。例如,犹太人可以庆祝他们的宗教节日,而基督教徒,他们的圣诞节和复活节。例如,美国,中国在唐人街中国生活和工作,同样,越南移民在他们的“小西贡”按越南的方式经营和从事各种活动。
美国人的宽容,除了上面的美国是一个非移民因素的国家,和经常运动的美国人。众所周知,美国历史发展的一个重要组成部分的西部地区的发展的历史。当时,美国开拓者或徒步旅行、骑马或汽车,从东到西,从南到北,哪里有机遇,Jiuwang安置。频繁的迁移和不断更换栖息地,这样人们将永远是“移动”,以及偶尔的现象所面临的不同更容易宽容和接受。此外,经常迁移还能够帮助人们扩大视野,了解更广泛的知道,不同的实践同情、理解,并逐渐形成多样性而非均匀性开放的概念。
强大的美国人宽容,所以很少有美国人将自己的意志强加于他人,与中国孔子“别人不想,不要对“Guxun像。例如,丈夫可能是个共和党人,但他必须不支持民主党迫使他的妻子改变政治立场。同样,也许妈妈是天主教徒,但她决不能强迫她进入一个穆斯林把儿子改变宗教信仰。在日常生活和习惯的业务在正常情况下,这种宽容精神是一种常见的发生,司空见惯。
英语作文美国的文化
The understanding of American culture must not end with what we know on TV, because she has the most distinctive features of her own, which is diversity. As a country with a large immigrant population, the United States does not have a unique way of life, there is no only standard of conduct, and there is no unique culture. The diversity of the United States penetration in all aspects of the country, the following guidelines may not be able to help you overcome all from the cultural differences, but hope to everyone to prepare for the basic study in the United States and general plan to help.
Americans have a very different lifestyle than Chinese people. American food is light and easy to make, and the main course is meat, fish and chicken. A meal usually consists of only one main course, and salads and coffee are by no means less. Hot dogs and hamburgers are two of the most popular fast foods.
Americans are so active that more than a fifth of them move every year. The most detailed list of houses and apartments available on Sunday in newspapers across the country can be used to find homes or to find local estate agents. In addition to paying for rent, the rent house generally pays for utilities, namely gas, electricity, heating, hot water and simple electrical repairs and other repairs. The rent is usually a month, usually on the first day of the month. Electricity in most parts of the United States is 110-120 volts, 60Hz.
Almost every home in the United States has a car, and the American highway is very developed and accessible, so many americans work very far from where they live. They often go on a family trip during the holidays. The most popular means of transportation in the city are buses and subways. The subway is usually run day and night. Taxis are usually paid by distance or by distance. The whole country executes the right driving, the big city executes traffic regulation especially strict.
The American concept of time
Because of the fierce competition, the American society is full of movement and change, people are always in a hurry, and the result also has formed the americans' time view of tension. “Time is money” is the most accurate expression of the American attitude to time. Americans value time more than just because they think time is a tangible thing, but more importantly they recognize the urgency and lack of time. Americans believe that the question of time can fully reflect a person's self-cultivation, and his respect for others. Therefore, it is necessary to have a detailed schedule and strict adherence to it.
So we stress that being on time is not just about the individual's schedule, but if you're not on time, it reflects your lack of respect for others' time. In the study of life, apart from being on time, it is necessary to observe the deadline of various learning tasks. American schools generally teach students a subject, and then a group of students form a study group. Everyone is responsible for different aspects of learning team, if you don't have the prescribed deadline to complete you responsible for that part, influence is the whole team's performance, it is also a lot of American students constantly complaining about a problem. So being on time is a basic requirement for studying and living in the United States.
The way americans communicate
Talking to people is the most basic form of interpersonal communication. When you're talking to friends from all over the world, you're not just talking to each other, you're communicating with each other. The way language is expressed can often reflect the characteristics of a particular region or country.
Direct refreshing
Most of the time, conversations in the United States belong to a tendency to get information. They like to ask a lot of questions, and in a very direct way. They will use the most simple and direct language to get the information they want, the process, if they do not pay too much attention to wording beautiful, whether express tactfully, it sometimes inevitably conceded the interlocutors have a feeling not too polite. Answer this question, too, when the answer is no, americans will tell you “no” directly, also won't go to touch up for his answer, and if you don't have to know in advance to their speech habits, it felt embarrassed is inevitable.
Positive questions
Another obvious feature of the American way of communication is that there is no hesitation in asking questions. In the course of conversation, if americans don't understand what they don't understand, they often ask each other questions in a timely manner until they understand it. This feature is encouraged in class. In American classrooms, students can present any questions to the classroom at any time, and the lecturers will be more than happy to answer questions for students. Therefore, American classroom will always make students absorb knowledge in a relaxed, interactive and positive atmosphere.
body language
The tools of human communication are not just words, but body language. Spoke of the gestures, body posture, and facial expressions are the key to proper use of body language, we will divide the occasion, object, subject of flexible adjustment and use body language. Eye contact is the key of the above elements. Keep your eyes on the other side of the conversation while you're talking. This is something americans value too much.
Here are a few topics that can be used to talk to almost all americans:
Weather and mood
Some of my past experiences
My own campus life, or work content
Car, fashion, shopping, TV, music, clothing and other casual topics
At the same time, we should avoid the following topics:
Savings, income and other topics related to the personal economic situation
Family situation
Religious beliefs and so on
The last thing to note is that when you don't have a good grasp of your sense of humor, it's best not to play it at will. You know, different countries, different culture, have different understanding of humor, and the appropriate humor can active conversation atmosphere, it is easy to cause unnecessary misunderstanding, or conversely.
Were divided into 50 states, each state has different administrative rules and regulations, combined with geographical location, climate condition difference, leads to the residents of the states have different living habits. The same is true of America's diversity.
Climate change is a top priority. On the other hand is psychological preparation. Residents in different regions have different characteristics, such as: the east people look is always in a hurry, rush about for work, but with their southern leisurely, quiet and warm hospitality is famous for its character, the residents of the Midwest's character can be described as practical, stubborn, and tradition, the western residents seem to be more independent, attach importance to individualism, live along the west coast of the United States people impressed us is recreational, relaxed and optional. You're going to be on a trip to the United States, and you're going to have to look at the cities where you're going to school, and you're going to have a general idea of what you're going to do in these areas.
对于美国文化的认识决不能止于从电视上了解到的内容,因为,她有着自己最鲜明的特点,那就是多样性。作为一个拥有庞大移民人口的国家而言,美国不存在唯一的生活方式,不存在唯一的行为标准,更不存在唯一的文化。美国的多样性渗透在国家的各个方面,以下的指南也许不能帮你克服所有因文化差异而带来的困扰,但希望能对大家为留学美国而做的基本准备和大致计划有所帮助。
美国人的生活习惯与中国人有很大不同,美国食物味道清淡,制作简单迅速,主菜为肉、鱼、鸡类。一餐中一般仅一道主菜,而沙拉和咖啡是绝不能少的。热狗和汉堡包是最流行的两种快速食品。
美国人生性好动,每年都有超过1/5的人搬家。各地星期日的报纸登载周内租售房屋与寓所的最详尽名单,可以通过这些资料找房子,也可以找当地的地产经纪人。租房子除要付租外,一般还要付公用事业费,即煤气、电、暖气、热水和简单的电器修理及其他修理费。租金通常一个月,一般每月的第一天付。美国大部分地区的电力为110-120伏,60Hz。
美国几乎每家都有小汽车,美国的高速路十分发达,四通八达,因此很多美国人工作地点与居住地很远。在假日里,他们经常全家驾车出游。市内最常用的交通工具是公共汽车和地铁。地铁一般都是日夜开行。出租汽车一般按路程(短程)或时间(远程)计费。全国实行靠右行车,大城市执行交通法规尤为严格。
美国人的时间观念
美国社会由于竞争激烈,充满了运动和变化,人们始终处于奔忙之中,结果也就养成了美国人的紧张时间观。“时间就是金钱”这句话是美国人对于时间的态度的最准确表达。美国人对于时间的珍视不仅仅因为他们认为时间是一种切实的事物,更重要的是他们认识到了时间的紧迫和缺乏。美国人相信,在时间的问题上可以充分反应出一个人的自身素质修养,以及他对于他人的尊重。所以,有一份详细的作息时间表,并严格的遵守它,是相当必要的。
所以我们强调做到准时,不仅仅是关乎到个人的日程安排,若你没有做到准时,反应出的是你对他人时间的不尊重。在学习生活中,除了准时上课外,更需要遵守的是各种学习任务的截止时间安排。美国学校的教学方式一般是老师安排给学生一项课题,然后会由学生几个人之间结成学习小组共同来进行。学习小组中的每个人都会负责不同的方面,如果你没有在规定的截止日期内完成你负责的那一部分,影响的就是整个小组的成绩,这也是很多美国学生不断在抱怨的一个问题。所以,做到准时是在美国学习和生活的一个最基本的要求。
美国人的交流方式
与人交谈是人际交往中最基础的形式。当你与来自世界各地的朋友们交谈时,你们之间交流的不仅仅是彼此的观点和话题,更深层次的是在进行着文化的交流。语言表达的方式往往可以反应出某个地区或是某个国家的特色。
◎直接爽快
大多时候,美国人的谈话属于有一种想要获取信息的趋势。他们喜欢提出很多问题,并且是用很直接的方式。他们会用最简单直接的语言表达来获取自己想要的信息,这过程中,他们并不太在意措辞是否优美,意思表达是否婉转等问题,这有时不免会让与之对话者有一种不太礼貌的感觉。回答问题也是一样,当答案是否定的时候,美国人会直接告诉你“不“,同样不会去为他的答案进行润色,若是你没有提前了解到他们这种说话习惯,那感觉尴尬就是在所难免的了。
◎积极提问
美国人的交流方式中还有一个明显的特点就是毫不犹豫的提问。在交谈过程中,如果美国人有不明白,没听清的地方时,他们通常会及时的向对方把问题提出,直到弄懂为止。这一特点在课堂上成为被鼓励的做法。在美国的课堂上,学生可以随时向授课教室提出任何相关问题,而授课者都会极为乐意的为学生解答问题。所以,美国的课堂总是会让学生在轻松,互动,积极的氛围里吸收知识。
◎肢体语言
人类交流的工具不仅仅是语言,还有肢体语言。说话时的'手势,身体的姿势,以及脸部的表情都是恰当运用肢体语言的关键,我们要分场合,分对象,分话题的灵活调整和运用肢体语言。其中目光接触则是上述要素中的关键。交谈时要时刻保持自己的目光是与对方相接触的,目光自然和善即可。这一点也是美国人相当看重的。
这里我们给大家提供几个很适合与几乎所有美国人交谈的话题:
天气情况和心情
自己以往的某些经历
自己的校园生活,或是工作内容
汽车,时尚,购物,影视,音乐,服装等休闲话题
同时我们应该避免以下话题:
存款,收入等与个人经济情况有关的话题
家庭情况
宗教信仰等等
最后需要提醒大家的一点是,当你对自己的幽默感并没有十足的把握时,最好不要随意发挥它。要知道,不同国家,不同文化,对幽默的认识是有所不同的,恰当的幽默可以活跃谈话气氛,反之则很容易引起不必要的误解或是不愉快。
美国一共划分为50个州,每个州都有不同的行政法规,再加上地理位置,气候条件的差异,就导致了各州的居民都有着不同的生活习惯。这里同样体现的是美国的多样性。
气候不同是首要考虑的问题。另外一方面就是心理上的准备。不同地区的居民有着不同的性格特征,比如:东部的人看起来总是匆匆忙忙的,为工作而奔波着,南部的人却是以他们悠闲,平静并且热情好客的性格特点而闻名,中西部的居民的性格可以被形容成实际的,固执的,还有一点传统,西部居民显得比较独立,重视个人主义,沿西海岸居住的美国人给我们的印象就是休闲,放松,随意。将要踏上美国之旅的你,需要针对就读学校所处城市,在这些方面搜集资料,提前有个大体的概念。
american culture, in a sense, is an extension of european culture, because the language of the americans, demographic composition and her spirit of the foundation are from europe. on the other hand, american culture with europe, because european immigrants in the north american continent to drive away after taking the indians, in a barren wilderness land to create a stunning is the splendid civilization. therefore, in the united states talk about cultural practices and social propriety, it is necessary to take account of the same culture of europe and the united states, but also pay attention to both of the opposite sex. cultural practices is a wide scope and complexity of the topic, people involved in social life and relations in all aspects.
of tolerance the united states is a country of immigrants, the ancestors from around the world. people emigrated to the united states, not only in the location to move on, but also in their country and customs of the council to a new place of residence. as miscellaneous, people their differences very obvious because the differences are very common, people do not particularly pay attention to unity. in time, the cultural practices of the americans formed a higher level of tolerance (tolerance), the different cultures and different appraisals on tolerance, an acceptable attitude. at this point, the u.s. society feasible than the custom of other countries in the world more broadly.
from a political perspective, this tolerance of performance in the pursuit of freedom and the right to freedom of maintenance. from the religious that it reflected in the harmonious coexistence of different faiths. from the viewpoint of life, and it appeared in different communities, different ethnic communities live in peace. in a nutshell, in the united states, each person can basically arbitrary choice of different ideas, beliefs, traditions and customs and way of life; people can also keep a considerable extent, their customs and instrument. for example, jews can celebrate their religious festivals, and christians are to their christmas and easter. for example, again, the united states by chinese in chinatown chinese live and work; the same token, the vietnamese immigrants in their “little saigon” according to vietnam's way of doing business and engaged in various activities.
americans of tolerance, in addition to the above united states is a country that factors other than immigration, and the frequent movement of the americans. as everyone knows, the history of the united states in the development of an important part of her history of the development of the western region. at that time, the united states blazers or hiking, horseback or car, from east to west, from north to south, wherever there are opportunities, there jiuwang resettlement. the frequent migration and continuous replacement of the habitat so that people will always be in the “mobile”, and the occasional different facing the phenomenon of tolerance and more easily accepted. moreover, the current migration also can help people expand the field of vision, known more widely know, the different practices with sympathy, understanding, and gradually formed diversity rather than uniformity of the openness of the concept.
as the americans tolerant of stronger, so very few americans to impose its will on other people, with china confucius “by the others do not want to, not to impose on” the very guxun like. for example, a husband may be a republican, but he must not support the democratic party forced his wife to change political stance. similarly, perhaps the mother is a catholic, but she must not have forced her into a muslim convert son to change religion. in their daily lives and habits of business in normal times, this spirit of tolerance is a common occurrence, commonplace.
★ 美国文化英语作文
★ 重阳节的文化内涵
★ 美国用餐文化礼仪
★ 美国餐桌礼仪文化
★ 下元节的文化内涵
★ 美国英语作文