考研英语阅读理解冲刺重点预测二

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考研英语阅读理解冲刺重点预测二

篇1：考研英语阅读理解冲刺重点预测二

考研英语阅读理解冲刺重点预测二

War games are commonly used by the military to evaluate strategies, explore scenarios and reveal unexpected weaknesses. American ships and aircraft have just begun two weeks of war games in the Gulf, prompting protests from Iran, and last week South Korea carried out an annual computerised war-game exercise.

Might war games deserve a greater role in business? Military analogies abound in the corporate world. Plenty of bosses look to Sun Tzu, an ancient Chinese general, for management tips. And in business, as in war, outcomes depend on what others do, as well as one's own actions. Yet many firms fail to think systematically about how rivals will react to their plans―and traditional planning does a poor job of taking competitors' responses into account, says John McDermott, head of strategy at Xerox, an office-equipment company. Corporate war games, which simulate the interactions of multiple actors in a market, provide a better way to do so.

Such games have two chief characteristics. First, players break into teams and take on the roles of fierce competitors (and sometimes other citizens, such as customers). Second, the games involve several turns, allowing competitors not just to draw up their own strategies but to respond to the choices of others. Their popularity is rising. Booz Allen Hamilton (BAH), a consultancy, is running 100 war games a year, up from around 50 three years ago. Open Options, a Canadian strategy consultancy, has been going since and its revenue doubled last year.

BAH introduces a quantitative element into its games, calculating the effect of each team's strategy on their company's profits and stockmarket value at the end of each turn. Open Options takes a further step. To help Xerox understand the market dynamics of the print and copy industry, it ran a one-day workshop in which teams from Xerox took the roles of the big companies in the market, itself included. Each team identified the things “their” company could do to change its strategy and drew up a list of its desired outcomes; these “preference trees” were shared with the other teams. The results were then pumped into Open Options' proprietary software tools, which played out interactions between the companies and produced a range of possible outcomes.

Mr McDermott says the game's predictive power was astonishing: one forecast, that a company would start to acquire a certain group of assets within the industry, came true within six months. By shedding light on areas where companies have different priorities, the concept of preference trees helps to highlight potential trade-offs, as well as competition. Open Options charges North American clients roughly $100,000 for an engagement.

The secret of successful war-gaming does not simply lie in mathematics, however. Interaction, not algebra, is the best way to win support for a new strategy. Game-players must be senior for the same reason―although having the top boss on a team can stifle feedback. Strategies also have to capture competitors' hard-to-quantify corporate cultures: when designing a game, BAH seeks out employees at its clients who have actually worked at competitors for that reason. But perhaps war games' greatest value lies in the way they encourage managers to think differently about the consequences of their actions. “To know your enemy, you must become your enemy,” as Sun Tzu would say.

注（1）：本文选自Economist, 05/31/

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象：第1题模仿真题Text 2第2题和Text 5第3题，第3题模仿1995年真题Text 2第4题，第4题模仿真题Text 4第3题，第5题模仿真题Text 2第4题。

1． The expression “abound in” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means _______.

[A] be limited

[B] be appreciated

[C] be driven

[D] be plentiful

2． According to the text, traditional corporate planning _______.

[A] has been completely abandoned.

[B] fails to consider rivals’ reactions.

[C] includes the detailed analyses of strategies of all rival companies.

[D] functions well for the development of most companies.

3． The positive effect of war games owes to the following EXCEPT_______.

[A] the role playing of competitors

[B] the composition of several turns

[C] the introduction of quantitative factors

[D] the rising popularity of the game

4． Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

[A] Both BAH and Open Options developed their own software tools for data analysis of war games.

[B] The war game service expands slowly because of its high fee.

[C] “Preference trees” refers to desired outcomes of the companies.

[D] War game’s predictive ability is not convincing

5． Which of the following is NOT a reason for the success of war games?

[A] feedback

[B] mathematics

[C] interaction

[D] consideration of enemy

篇章剖析

本文是一篇说明文，围绕实战演习的商业用途及其价值这个话题进行了分析。第一段先简单介绍了什么是实战演习，第二段则立刻引入话题，指出公司制定战略的传统方式存在的缺点，从而提出本文的主要观点，即公司实战演习能够帮助更好地理解自身与竞争对手的状况。第三段介绍了实战演习的两个特点；第四、五段介绍了两家提供实战演习服务的咨询公司策划的实战演习内容及其效果。最后一段对文章进行了总结，进一步指出了实战演习的重要价值所在。

词汇注释

scenario [si`nB:ri[u] n. 情景；场面 quantitative [`kwRntitEtiv] adj.数量的, 定量的

prompt [prRmpt] v. 激励；刺激 identify [`aifdentifai] vt. 识别, 鉴别

analogy [[`nAlEgi] n. 类似, 类推 pump [pQmp] v. ]把灌注; 倾注

abound [[`baund] vi. 多, 富于, 充满 proprietary [prR`praiEtEri] adj. 所有的

stimulate [`stimjuleit] v. 刺激, 激励 astonish [`EstRniF] v. 惊奇，惊讶

multiple [`mQltipl] adj. 多样的, 多重的 trade-off n. 交换, 协定, 交易

consultancy [kEn`sQltnsi] n. 咨询; 顾问公司 algebra [`AldVibrE] n. 代数学

revenue [`revinju:] n. 收入 stifle [`staifl] vt. 使窒息, 抑制

难句突破

Mr McDermott says the game's predictive power was astonishing: one forecast, that a company would start to acquire a certain group of assets within the industry, came true within six months.

主体句式 Mr McDermott says…

结构分析这个句子乍一看非常长，但是其结构却相当清楚。主要结构为Mr McDermott says the game's predictive power was astonishing，后面冒号的作用是举例进一步说明前面提到的结论。冒号后面句子的主体句式为one forecast came true within six months，而that 引导的这个句子是one forecast的具体内容，是一个同位语从句。

句子译文麦克德莫特先生说这种演习的预测能力是惊人的：其中的一个预测是，一家公司将开始在该产业内得到一组资产，而这在六个月之后竟然真的实现了。

题目分析

1．D. 语义题。根据上下文，讨论了实战演习是否能够用于商界，并谈到许多老板都在向中国古代的`著名军事家孙武学习管理技巧。显然，商业人士已经在运用很多军事上的理论。四个选项中，只有D最符合文意。

2．B. 细节题。文章第二段中，正如办公用品公司施乐公司的首席战略官约翰・麦克德莫特指出，“传统的计划方式很少把竞争者的反应考虑在内”，显然答案是B。

3．D. 细节题。从第三段和第四段中，我们可以找到实战演习之所以能够产生积极效果，是因为这种演习拥有两个重要的特点，同时还加入了“quantitative element”。而D选项并不是实战演习积极效果的原因，而是结果。

4．C. 细节题。根据文章第三段第六行，各个团队列出所扮演公司“希望达到的一系列成果”，后面紧跟着的“preference tree”即为上文“desired outcomes”的同义词。

5．A. 细节题。文章最后一段总结说明了实战演习模式之所以能够成功的原因，列举了三点，分别属于B、C、D，而A选项与题

篇2：考研英语阅读理解找准重点

考研英语阅读理解找准重点

大家的英语能力并不代表考研英语分数的高低，考研英语的核心理念就是洞察大家的英语思维能力，所以大家在复习过程中要形成自己的英语思路，培养起自己的英语语感，这样英语成绩才能节节高升。另外，考研也是一次考试，所以大家也应当有相对的应试策略，考研辅导专家提醒考生，应试最主要的`就是把握整张试卷的得分点，只有这样才能够将成绩最大化。考研英语的得分点就是阅读和作文，所以大家在复习过程中一定要把自己的着力点放在这两类题目上。

阅读理解要找准文章重点

阅读是重中之重，也是每个同学最努力的方向。专家提醒考生，想要拿高分，就必须要掌握相应的方法。在做阅读理解的时候，大家要先看题干，划出题目中的关键词，然后再看文章，详略得当。比如说文章中对个人的介绍，大家就可以没必要斟字酌句，但是在重点处就需要大家咬文嚼字了。整篇文章最重要的地方莫过于首尾段，以及各段首尾句，大家务必在这些地方多停留一下。如果大家先看题目再看文章的话，那么对于出题的语句就更应该着重把握，对出题句本身对全文的意义要认真分析领悟。另外，题目是为文章整体而生的。划出全文主题句。一般文章都有主题句，即使没有，也必须在脑子里形成主题句，把握主题是做题的关键与前提。然后慢慢分析选项，找答案。

作文不是“老大难”

小作文相对简单，核心要求是简洁，完整。对于字数的要求并不高，所以大家只需在考前看些范文即可。小作文需要多了解文章的格式，所以大家在复习时要把各个格式的应用文都看一遍，尤其要注意称呼，礼貌用语，落款等等。小作文考察的不是文采，而是你是不是理解并掌握了这个应用文，能不能用。甚至可以说，重形式而不重内容。大作文，说难很难，说简单很简单。分水岭在于，有没有自己的作文模板。考研辅导专家提醒考生，要形成一个相对内涵宽广的模板，但是要以体现出话题的主旨为底限。一些基本用语或常用用语，可以适当运用。大家最好能构建自己的作文模板，这样能够在很大程度上避免重复性。

精彩链接

2014考研英语复习新题型答题技巧

2014考研英语平时注意扩宽知识面

2014考研英语语法重在理解句子结构

考研英语词汇复习一场持久的攻坚战

篇3：考研英语阅读理解冲刺练习题

I had two routine checkups last week， and both the eye doctor and the dentist asked me to my health history for their records. Their requests made sense. Health-care providers should know what problems their patients have had and what medications they're taking to be on the lookout for potential trouble or complications.

On each history， however， the section labeled FAMILY HEALTH HISTORY gave me pause. Few diseases are purely genetic， but plenty have genetic components. If my father suffered from elevated LDL， or bad cholesterol， my doctor should know that， because I'm probably at higher risk. If my mother had breast cancer， my sister (if I had one) would want her physician to be especially vigilant.

While I know something about the history of my parents' health-my father had prostate cancer at a relatively young age and suffered from macular degeneration and Parkinson's disease， and my mother died of lung cancer-there's plenty I don't know. What were my parents' cholesterol numbers and blood pressures? I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes， but I can't swear to that. And when it comes to my grandparents， whose genes I also have， I'm even more in the dark.

That makes me fairly typical. According to Dr. Richard Carmona， the U.S. Surgeon General， only about a third of Americans have even tried to put together a family-health history. That's why he has launched the Family History Initiative and declared Thanksgiving National Family History Day. Sitting around the turkey talking about cancer and heart disease may seem like a grim thing to do when you're supposed to be giving thanks for everything that's going right. But since many families will be gathering for the holiday anyway， it's a perfect time to create a medical family tree.

And the Surgeon General is making it easy： if you go to hhs.gov/familyhistory， you can use the Frequently Asked Questions link to find out which diseases tend to run in families， which ones you should be most and least worried about， and what to do if， like me， your parents and grandparents have passed away. You can also download a free piece of software called My Family Health Portrait， which helps you organize the information. The program prints that out in a easy-to-read form you can give to your doctors.

The website insists the software is “fun”， but that may be going a bit far. In any case， it's available only for Windows machines， so Mac users and people without computers have to use a printed version of the tree. It's worth it， though， since it could help save your life or the life of your children someday.

1. In the opening paragraph， the author introduces his topic by

[A] posing a contrast.

[B] justifying an assumption.

[C] explaining a phenomenon.

[D] making a comparison.

2. The statement “I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes， but I can't swear to that.” (Line 4， Paragraph 3) implies that

[A] only one of them suffered from diabetes.

[B] neither of them suffered from diabetes.

[C] both of them suffered from diabetes.

[D] it's uncertain whether they suffered from diabetes or not.

3. Family health report is very important because

[A] you can be careful about some disease and keep fit.

[B] you are connected with your parents and your grandparents.

[C] many diseases are genetic and should be noticed.

[D] you should be considerate and care about your parents.

4. Dr. Richard Carmona suggests that

[A] you should present your doctor with a medical history.

[B] you should print out your family's medical history.

[C] you should gather your family's medical history.

[D] you should give thanks for everything that is going right.

5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A] The software is fun enough.

[B] Family medical tree shouldn't be neglected.

[C] The software is not available anywhere.

[D] It is worthwhile to draw a family tree.

答案：C B A C B

1.考研英语阅读理解冲刺练习题及答案

2.考研英语阅读理解练习题

3.考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案

4.考研英语阅读理解练习题

5.考研英语完型填空冲刺练习题

6.考研英语完型填空冲刺练习题及答案

7.考研英语阅读理解考前冲刺练习题及答案

8.考研英语阅读理解精读练习题

9.考研英语阅读理解巩固练习题

10.考研英语阅读理解备考练习题

篇4：考研英语阅读理解冲刺解读

考研英语阅读理解冲刺解读

最近几年的考题中的阅读理解，在出题来源、选材内容和出题类型上都保持着很强的稳定性，首先，英语阅读文章的内容在选材上以社会科学为主，包括一些科技类或者自然类的文章，并且十分聚焦于当时的社会热点。

其次，英美报刊学术性的文章一直是近年来考研阅读理解文章优先选择的对象，如《经济学人》或者《时代周刊》等，因此考生平时可以多关注这些外刊，这样不仅能够扩充知识面、熟悉英文文章的`写作环境，而且能够对文章的内容和背景有一定的了解，在平时阅读和练习的过程中，考生要重视这些学术性文章的写作特色，体会这类文章的写作方式和词汇特色，从而弄清楚文章中作者的态度和观点。

最后，由于这些文章是西方人写作，那么所谓的欧美思维就会得到比较明显的体现，他们的思路一般是习惯使用“他人的观点”来引出并阐述自己的观点，因此在考研阅读文章中出现了大量的专家学者的观点，这就要求考生一定要读懂不同人的观点，区分不同人对同一事物的态度。而这些文章在内容上主要包括经济、生活、创新、梦想、自然、科技等方面，总体来说，欧美思维偏向于开放张扬的性格和不懈努力的精神，因此这些文章中乐观的情绪比较多，对于教育等问题，他们可能会有些批判的意见，考生可以对此做一定的了解和分析，在考场中予以关注。

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