浅析考研英语阅读之同义替换

| 收藏本文 下载本文 作者:嫙嵂

下面是小编收集整理的浅析考研英语阅读之同义替换(共含10篇),供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“嫙嵂”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

浅析考研英语阅读之同义替换

篇1:浅析考研英语阅读之同义替换

浅析考研英语阅读之同义替换

随着炎炎夏日的到来, 同学们的复习进度也正在进行的如火如荼。在英语阅读块面,仔细阅读考研文章之后, 再来看题目和选项, 相比很多同学都已经发现一个共性,那就是:同义替换。很多题目和选项都或多或少的与原文里的句子有些不大一样,但是意思却基本相同。下面考研英语教研室仇永香老师就文中里出现的同义替换简要跟大家来分享下,希望在以后的阅读过程中注意此类选项和原文做对比, 以提高做题效率。

Text1 是一篇讲述如何在对话中有效使用幽默的文章

1. :To make your humor work, you should ________.

答案C:address different problems to different people

定位原文:Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.

答题要点:既然是细节题,并且出现在第一道,那么应该正确答案理应出现在文章前面段落,并且很可能就是第一段.正确选项和原文之间并非出现词汇的同义替换, 而是换了句型.

2:The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.

正确答案B:very conscious of their godlike role

原文复现:“Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that's God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”

答题要点:这个题目难度较大, 但是解本题的时候, 除了找到此同义替换局外, 还有一点是关键的, 那就是这个例子出现的背景, 那就是护士对医生有着一致的'看法和观点, 并且绝对不是一种好的评价, 所以才会拿来开玩笑. 所以再结合原文, 应该推断, B为正确选项.说明医生很在乎自己上帝般的角色God再次出现。

3: It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.

正确答案D:have often been the laughing stock

原文定位:You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

答题要点:the Post Office or the telephone system与public services属于上下义的关系,因此一定程度上属于同义替换, 并且laughing stock与scapegoats如果仔细看这段文字的话, 也会发现, 其实就是同义的表达而已.

4:To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.

答案D:as casually as possible

原文定位:If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.

答题要点:先定位, 然后再来分析发现原文中nature, casual, off-the-cuff,relaxed, unforced全都是答案中casually的同义词, 如此之多, 完全可以判定正确选项D

Text 2

1: Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.

正确答案C:the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work

原文定位:Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.

解题要点:本题的难度较小, 很容易辨析, 在原文与选项的对比之后发现tools 再次出现,difficult, dangerous是dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty的同义替换, 也就是换个方式把原文的意思重新表达一次, 很明显为正确选项.

2: The word “gizmos” (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means ________.

正确答案C:devices

原文定位:As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.

解题要点:从题型来看, 这属于典型的词汇题, 而词汇题的做题关键则是在原文的上下文中找出相应的近义词, 同义词和反义词之类, 也可以使同义表达.从后面定语从句来看,重点是remove human labor. 再从后面的几个例子中,factory, banking, subway train几个东西都是工具,得出答案。

3:题:According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can __

正确答案D:respond independently to a changing world

原文定位:“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”

答题要点:reliably interact with a dynamic world是文章中的respond independently to a changing world同义转化,并且题目中也有类似的同义替换, 如beyond man’s ability 等同于原文中的 can not yet give…

4:Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.

正确答案B:deal with some errors with human intervention

原文定位:But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves ― goals that pose a real challenge….while we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error…

答题要点:同义替换, with human intervention替换了文中with less human supervision.

比其他一些题目更难的地方在于, 这句话无论是原文还是正确选项都有个前提, 所以必须考虑进来, 如果不考虑前提, 很有可能出现断章取义, 导致错选了A, make a few decision for themselves.

篇2:考研英语作文常用表达同义替换词

考研英语作文常用表达同义替换词

1. 动词(词组):

absorb->assimilate 吸收

agree partly->agree with reserve 有保留地赞同

arouse->ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate 引起;鼓励

change->alter 改变

consider->take into account 考虑

devote to->dedicate to 把……奉献于;专注于

emphasize->accentuate 强调

expect->anticipate 期望;预期

explain->interpret/illustrate 解释;说明

get into chaos->with chaos ensuing 陷入混乱

hand in->render 提出

join->participate 参加;参与

lead to->contribute to/ conduce to/result in 导致;产生……的结果

limit->stress/hinder/hamper 限制;阻止;阻碍

operate->manipulate 操作;操纵

provide->lend->offer 提供;给予

publicize->propagandize 宣传;公布

繁荣(的)(词性不同,注意使用正确形式)

sway->vacillate 影响;摇摆,使摇摆

think->contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect 思考;考虑;想起

thrive->palmy(a.)/flourishing(v./a.)/prosperity(n.)

undermine->sap/enervate/debilitate 破坏;使衰弱,衰竭

use->employ/utilize 使用;利用

want->intend to/tend to/be inclined to 希望;倾向于

want to->desire 想要

2. 形容词/副词:

first->primarily 首先(ad.)

hardly->merely->barely 几乎不(ad.)

hurt->vulnerable 受伤的;易受攻击的

inevitable-indispensable 必然的;不可缺少的.

in fact->actually/virtually 事实上;实际上(ad.)

key->crucial/vital/consequential 关键的;重要的

large->miraculous/marvelous 大的;不可思议的(表程度)

maybe->probably 也许;大概(ad.)

more and more->increasing/growing 越来越多的

obvious->conspicuous 明显的;显著的

old->ancient 老的;古老的

proper->apposite 适当的;合适的

persuasive->thorough/sound/specific/convincing 有说服力的

true->accurate 正确的;准确的

vague->gratuitous/unwarranted/oversimplified 模糊的

well-known->outstanding 著名的

3. 名词(词组):

bias->prejudice/discriminate 偏见;歧视

big city->metropolis 大都市

chance->alternative 机会;选择

character->trait/individuality/idiosyncrasy/personality 品质;特性;个性

child->juvenile 孩子;青少年

clash->conflict/collision/rencounter 冲突

custom->convention/tradition 传统;习俗

delegate->representative 代表

detail->specific 细节

lawmaking->legislation 立法

offspring->descendant 后代;子孙

value->merit 价值

4. 其他:

although->albeit/notwithstanding 尽管(conj.)

because->in that->since->seeing 因为(conj.)

but->nonetheless/nevertheless 然而;但是(conj.)

through->in term of/via 通过(prep.)

to sum->to summarize/in conclusion 总之;最后

篇3:雅思阅读新思路之定位+同义替换

雅思阅读新思路--定位+同义替换

在雅思培训中,阅读老师基本上宣称讲的都是“做题技巧”,而阅读方法技能本身讲的很少。因为讲做题技巧最有针对性,学生来听课的主要目的也是希望知道怎么做题,因此大部分老师都在分析总结各种题型的解题特点,解题规律等。但是,笔者发现有一个突出的事实就是,一般教师授课太注重题目的特征,很多做题技巧就难免有牵强附会之嫌。而忽视了剑桥雅思阅读考试的本质特征:英语原版文章,词汇量大,学术性和“反投机”(即尽可能防止考生在读不懂文章的情况小,蒙对答案)。特别是因为“反投机”机制的存在,如果教师自己都没有概念,那么你的解题技巧说不定就把你的雅思培训学生送上了“歧途”。因为你的所谓“技巧”恰恰就是雅思阅读考试题目“革命”的对象,学生也就刚刚好成了牺牲品。多年的教学经验告诉我,有些题目是不能纯粹靠做题技巧来解决的,必须结合一定的阅读技能(比如,单词理解,长难句)才能顺利解出。而且,雅思阅读题型有10种之多,这么多纷繁复杂的题型似乎又各自有着自己的一些解题技巧和解题步骤,在考试时一篇文章后面往往会有几种题型,而考生需要记清不同的解题方法会显得力不从心,手忙脚乱。本文单纯从揣测剑桥雅思的出题意图的角度,来讨论一下雅思阅读和其他英语考试阅读在解题上方法的差异……

一.剑桥雅思考试阅读考题中的替换

在几乎所有的英语阅读理解类的考试中,由于阅读文章原文所提供的信息要远远大于题目所考察的信息,所以英语阅读考试有一个非常关键的技巧就是,利用“信号词”或“定位词”在原文中的重现去定位(“Pin down”)所考察的细节,这个过程就是英语阅读理解考试解题中的“定位法”。

但是,很多第一次甚至部分多次参加雅思考试的考生都发现一个奇怪的现象:利用以往国内四六级英语考试的定位方法时,在原文根本找不到你要的那个单词或者考题的信息点,也就浪费大量的时间,最终解题还是要靠感觉去瞎蒙。而按照自己的常识来蒙答案,又往往猜错答案?那么是什么地方出了问题呢?

其实,雅思阅读考试的阅读文章相对于大学英语四六级甚至于托福考试阅读都有一个难度的提升,那就是:在IELTS阅读考试中,替换是出题者经常使用的一个原则。这种替换出现,造成在题干中的关键词和关键词组不会在原文中直接出现,而是用同义或近义的表达替换出现。

我们可以用一个示意图来表示

1. 大学英语四六级(CET)考试

题干中单词“AAA” 原文中单词还是“AAA”

其中AAA是一个普通词汇,大部分考生都认识;

2. 托福(TOEFL),BEC考试

题干中单词“BBB” 原文中单词还是“BBB”

其中BBB是一个难度较大的词汇,小部分考生不认识;

3. 剑桥雅思(IELTS)考试

题干中单词“BBB” 原文中单词替换为“CCC”

其中BBB和CCC都是难度词汇,大部分考生都不认识;

通过示意图,我们可以看出,雅思阅读考试是三类英语考试中一般型“定位法”使用难度最大的考试。通俗的讲“考生在剑桥雅思阅读考试中,原文和题干中的单词没有办法联系到一起。

下面,我们通过结合剑桥雅思系列的教材中的实例,来讲解剑桥雅思阅读真题中的这些替换:

例子1:《剑桥雅思4》 第44页Question1-4 (雅思全真考题)

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each

There are currently approximately 6,800 languages in the world. This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical 1……... But in today's world, factors such as government initiatives and 2……... are contributing to a huge decrease in the number of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered language do not die out completely is people's increasing appreciation of their 3……...

…………………

在《剑桥雅思4 》第42页(第3自然段第1行)原文中有这么一句话对应的是 第1个填空题的原文:“Isolation breeds linguistic diversity: as a result, the world is pepped with languages spoken by only a few people…………..” 。很显然,用来编撰summary题目题干的句子已经在原文上进行了大量的替换而改成“This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical 1(……...)”,进一步认识这种替换,我们可以总结:

第一, 原文中的linguistic diversity被替换成题干中的 variety of languages;很多雅思考生可能都不认识linguistic的意思是“语言的, 语言学的, 语言研究的”的意思;而diversity和variety 的替换也是英语中常用的,只是大家平时没有注意积累罢了;

第二, 剑桥雅思原文中根本就没有出现用于解题最重要的指示词“geographical”,因为按照常识,只要找到“geographical”,这个词,就能在原文中找到出处,它的后面那个名词就是答案。事实上,这里的剑桥雅思阅读原文却没有让考生轻松(原文里根本就没有“geographical”),这一点也让很多习惯传统的四六级,托福阅读考题的考生“崩溃”。

第三, 细心的考生还会发现,原文和题干在句子的结构顺序页几乎是颠倒的,先看题干:“This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical 1(……...)” 根据语法和句子结构,我们要找的答案,应该是一个名词,“geographical(……...)” 它应该是作为“great variety of languages”的原因状语 “as a result of ”等同于“ because of ”。但是原文中的句子“(geographical)Isolation breeds linguistic diversity”很明显,原文中的“isolation” 却是句子的主语,而使用一个 谓语“breeds” 原意是“交配; 繁殖, 饲养”在这里也是 “产生”的意思。巧妙的避免的一个简单的“because of”来提示“因果关系”,从而增加解题难度。

综上所述,我们可以看出,本题的答案就是“isolation”。 当然同样的替换还出现在第3题,原文(《剑桥雅思4 》第43页(第3自然段末行) 使用的“......a growing interest in cultural identity……”在题干中替换成为“……people's increasing appreciation of their (cultural identity)……” 其中“growing= increasing”和“interest in = appreciation of”

我们再看一个例子

例子2 《剑桥雅思5》 第27页Question34 (雅思全真考题)

这是一道选择题:

34 The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature to illustrate how

A influential the mass media can be 、

B effective environmental groups can be

C the mass media can help groups raise funds

D environmental groups can exaggerate their claims

这道题是问文章引用“Worldwide Fund for Nature”是为了illustrate(举例说明)什么。也就是说出题人的考察目的是希望我们能在原文中读出作者使用这个quote是为了说明什么观点。一般的同学很容易选择出定位词:肯定是大写的Worldwide Fund for Nature。根据这个定位词我们很快可以定位到文章的第五段当中的这句话(《剑桥雅思5》第24页(第5自然段第3行)) “In , for example, the Worldwide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: “Two thirds of the world’s forests lost forever.” The truth turns out to be nearer 20%。”

我们定位到的这句话是这个引用(quote)本身,其实也就是例证。原文这句话中的for example(提示举例的连接词)就告诉了我们这个例子是为了说明前面某一个观点。所以原文中往for example前一扫发现这么一句话:“Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments。”再和选项匹配一下,我们就能发现这句话就是D选项的一个同义替换转述:they 当然就是上文中提到的environmental groups,overstate就是题干中exaggerate ((使)扩大, (使)增加) 的替换,而arguments就是题干中的claims。因此答案为D。当然,做过这个考题的考生心中一般会有两个疑问?为什么真正考察出答案的句子却不是那个例子“In 1997, for example, the Worldwide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: “Two thirds of the world’s forests lost forever.” The truth turns out to be nearer 20%。”?第二个问题是,为什么答案在本段原文的第三句话“Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments。”而不是前面两句话“Secondly,environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in”因为大量的考生就是读了这么几句错选了答案A或者C。其实,在我的课堂上已经给出了剑桥雅思阅读出题的另一个原则,希望能在以后的文章与大家分享……

二.传统定位法和新主动替换定位法

剑桥雅思阅读出题者为了防止题目变得容易,已经在出题上做出了“令人发指”的替换和隐藏,而且迷惑选项编的比正确选项更像“答案”。有鉴于此,我来介绍一种适用于剑桥雅思阅读的改进的定位方法----主动替换定位法。为了区分传统的定位法,我们来看流程图:

A.传统的定位法流程:

步骤1在题干中选择定位词如“geographical”,“Worldwide Fund for Nature”步骤2到原文中去浏览寻找定位词的出现的原文句子步骤3阅读原文句子结合题干解题得出答案

这种传统的定位法在雅思阅读考试中,显然对于很多像我刚刚举例的考题那样是完全无效的,比如第一个例子,原文中就没有出现过“geographical” 这个英文单词。第二个例子,你找到了“overstate”如果不知到“exaggerate”就是它的同义词,也是功亏一篑。

B.主动替换定位法流程

步骤1仔细研究题干中的单词和句子结构,选择定位词(多个名词)步骤2对于原来题干中的词,多想想它们经常会替换成哪些词?步骤3到原文中去浏览寻找定位词和它们的替换词的出现的原文句子

辅助步骤5:发现有题干和原文经典的替换的地方,那就是答案步骤4 阅读原文句子结合题干解题得出答案(特别留心词语替换关系)

从流程示意图可以看出,主动替换定位法是针对剑桥雅思出题“死穴”的一种阅读方法,不仅快速而且可以从本质上排除干扰,准确地判断出正确答案。譬如,《剑桥雅思4》 第44页Question 2定位词不仅要选“language variety” 还要事先做一个替换(步骤2)把“linguistic”和“diversity” 选作定位词,这些真实考试中,都要有所考虑。

同样是 《剑桥雅思5》 第27页Question34这一道选择题,新的主动替换定位法,我们找到了“Worldwide Fund for Nature”所在的句子,在解题中,我们困惑到底是选A,B还是C时,扫描选项,我们按照替换的法则 选项A 中“influential”-“有影响力的”的替换词在原文没有出现,而C答案中的“exaggerate”就是原文中的“overstate”,因此更加确定地选择答案 D。

三.主动替换定位法的替换如何准备

最后,雅思考生也许会问,那我怎么知道剑桥雅思考试的替换词有哪些?比如,我知道单词“language” 但我不知道它的替换词是“linguistic”,那怎么办?这个问题要回答,就指向了一个根本的答案:“任何技巧和方法都是建立在英语语言能力提高的基础上的,“linguistic同义language”,“variety同义diversity” 还有 “interest 尽然和appreciation凑成一对”,对于词汇量普遍只有3000-5000的一般中国考生而言,可能是难度不小,完全没有概念。但是一旦你的英语词汇量达到8000甚至更多,你会发现,这些同义替换不过就是“常识”。

现在,好在我们专业的雅思培训教师为大家准备了剑桥雅思常用的词汇替换列表,考生只需要熟读记忆这些替换关系,应对雅思考试是游刃有余了;同时也提高了自己的词汇量,雅思考试写作文时也不会用词单一,岂不美哉?

附表1 常见的词语替换类型:

1. 同义词替换。如 scientist 和 researcher 之间的替换,disadvantage 和 drawback 的替换,sign和indication的替换。

2. 同义词组的替换。如:keep to oneself 替换 be not friendly

3. 主动与被动的替换。The passengers were rescued by boats and pleasure-craft 替换 Boats and pleasure-craft came to rescue the passengers.

4. 加减关系的替换。如,原文为 The bottles made in most places contain about three-quarters new glass and the rest is recycled.

附表2 剑桥雅思4-6阅读常见用词替换情形

剑桥雅思456阅读真题中的非典型词语替换关系

1. Aesthetic=beautiful

2.Rigid = not yielding

3.Legitimate= have right to

4.long term=chronic

5.Recognize = identify

6. Ethical=Moral

7.Better=Improve

8. first=initial=primary

9.Important=worthy trying=significant=essential

10. Feasible=practical

Reflect=feature=represent11. Almost certainly=little doubt

12. plenty of=considerable=significant amount of

13. Modification=change=alteration=adjust

14. Susceptible=allergic predisposed vulnerable

15. mistaken=misconception=confusion=misunderstanding

16. have yet to determine =yet not known

17. release stress/tension= (psychic tension is) punctured

18. Diversity=variety

19. accompanying=with

20. Interest (for borrowing)=slightly more money

21. People=mortal=human=mankind

22. Live=residence=inhabitant附表3雅思阅读典型词语替换428组表

2.阅读题(填空,判断,标题等)词汇替换秘籍-    题干/原文考查的单词    正确的选项    词性    中文含义    1. abundant    plentiful    a.    大量的    2. accelerate    increase    v.    加速;加大    3. accessible    available    a.    可用的    4. account    explain    v.    解释;说明    5. account for    explain    v.    解释,说明    6. accumulate    collect    v.    聚集    7. adhere    stick    v.    黏附;胶着    8. adjunct    addition    n.    附加物    9. administered    managed    v.    管理    10.adorn    decorate    v.    装饰    11.adversely    negatively    ad.    不利地;有害地    12.advocate    proponent    n.    倡导者;辩护者    13.aesthetically    artistically    ad.    审美地;美学地    14.aided    helped    v.    帮助    15.alert    wary    a.    机敏的    16.alter    change    v.    改变;调整    17.alternative    option    n.    替代;替代物    18.altogether    completely    ad.    完全地    19.ancillary    secondary    a.    附属的;辅助的    20.annihilate    conquer    v.    消灭;征服    21.antagonist    enemy    n.    对手;敌人    22.antecedent    predecessor    n.    先辈    23.anticipate    look forward to    v.    期待;盼望    24.appealing    attractive    a.    吸引人的    25.apply    used for    v.    应用;适用    26.appreciated    recognized    v.    赏识    27.arduous    difficult    a.    艰巨的;艰苦的    28.article    object    n.    物品,物体    29.ascend    climb    v.    攀升;升高    30.assemble    gather    v.    装配;组合

因篇幅限制,本文列举其中30组替换

雅思阅读全真练习系列:How a Frenchman is reviving McDonald's in Europe

How a Frenchman is reviving McDonald's in Europe

A. When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald's in January , the world's biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group's French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers' favourite enemy operates.

B. So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group's profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.

C Mr Hennequin's recipe for revival is to be more open about his company's operations, to be “locally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting his 6,400 restaurants. McDonald's is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.

D. He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonald's through the visitors' programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald's packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.

E. Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald's restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald's employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald's managers across the continent.

F. To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonald's employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald's in Russia, though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.

G. In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company's drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.

H. Given France's reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald's revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company's most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald's is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain.

I. “Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald's restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer.

J. M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European company-owned restaurants' margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in . This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America's 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin's reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group's top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.

Questions 1-6 Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer

FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.

2. Starting from last year, detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners.

3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe, but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market.

4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned.

5. According to David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS, David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.

6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.

Questions 7-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.

7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________.

A. difficult

B. menial

C. terrible

D. excellent

8. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?

A. It tends to make people fat.

B. Its operations are very vague.

C. It tends to exploit workers.

D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.

9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?

A. “Food Studio” scheme.

B. “Open Door” visitor days.

C. The “McPassport” scheme.

D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.

10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?

A. set up a “Food Studio” .

B. established a “Design Studio”.

C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.

D. employed local bosses as much as possible.

Questions 11-14 Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

11. After January 2004, McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were ………………………….

12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to ……………………………..

13. Compared with other countries, France is McDonald’s ………………………. next to America.

14. ……………………. of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain.

篇4:雅思阅读同义替换考点之死穴分析

雅思阅读同义替换考点之死穴分析

首先,我们来看一道雅思阅读判断题,选自C5-P42-Q13 Bakelite was only available in a limited range of colours.本题定位原文最后一段难度不大,但很多同学把最后一段看了一遍又一遍,还是没有结果。大家也不妨试一下。原文如下:

Baekeland's invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrial expansion - 'the material of a thousand uses,. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors' marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material.

实际上,此题就运用了雅思阅读同义替换之上义词替换下义词这一伎俩。我们可以通过colours 定位到原文这样的信息‘ no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era’。也就是将colours替换了文中大部分学员比较熟悉browns。由于看出limit与restrict的替换难度并不大,那么此题与原文中no longer矛盾,选FALSE也就很轻松了。

其实,不仅仅是判断题,在雅思阅读填空题中的应用也让不少学员尝到很多苦头。我们再看一个例子,选自C6-P29-Q40 ........... produce is particularly expensive. 此题在原文中的定位难度也不大,很多学员都定位了如下的原文内容。

Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around ?7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat.

但是,具体答案定位哪一句,很多同学犯了难,原文中根本就没有与答案最为密切的produce。我们再仔细分析一下,原来题干中的produce (农产品)可以替换原文中meat,答案也就是imported了。在这里,我只能说不熟悉这种命题思路的烤鸭被害惨了。

其实,相比以上两种题型,上义词与下义词在雅思阅读段落信息配对题的出现频率更高。比如,C9-P93-Q18:

reference to a possible link between culture and a particular form of behaviour, 其中‘a particular form of behaviour’替换了原文H段的‘a struggle over toy’, 再比如C9-P43-Q5: a list of medical conditions which place some children more at risk from noise than others,其中‘medical conditions’替换了原文D段的 ‘hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders (ADD/ADHD)’。

我们发现,题干中的名词可能会作为上义词来考查,回原文定位时需要留意该词的具体化概念,并谨记‘题上文下’的雅思阅读同义替换原则。

雅思分类词汇:教育

instruction, education 教育

culture 文化

primary education 初等教育

secondary education 中等教育

higher education 高等教育

the three R's 读、写、算

school year 学年

term, trimester 学季

semester 学期

school day 教学日

school holidays 假期

curriculum 课程

subject 学科

discipline 纪律

timetable 课程表

class, lesson 课

homework 家庭作业

exercise 练习

dictation 听写

spelling mistake 拼写错误

(short) course 短训班

seminar 研讨班

playtime, break 课间,休息

to play truant, to play hooky 逃学,旷课

course (of study) 学业

student body 学生(总称)

classmate, schoolmate 同学

pupil 小学生

student 大学生

schoolboy 男生

schoolgirl 女生

auditor 旁听生

swot, grind 用功的学生

old boy 老生

grant, scholarship, fellowship 奖学金

holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 奖学金获得者

school uniform 校服

teaching staff 教育工作者(总称)

teachers 教师(总称)

primary school teacher 小学老师

teacher lecturer 大学老师

professor 教授

schooling 教授,授课

assistant 助教

headmaster 校长 (女性为:headmistress)

deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校长

rector 校长

dean 教务长

laboratory assistant, lab assistant 实验员

beadle, porter 门房,学校工友

games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 体育教师

private tutor 私人教师,家庭教师

pedagogue 文学教师(蔑称)

of school age 教龄

beginning of term 开学

matriculation 注册

to enroll, to enroll 予以注册

to take lessons (学生)上课

to teach (老师)上课

to study 学习

to learn by heart 记住,掌握

to revise, to go over 复习

test 考试

to test 考试

to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 参加考试

convocation notice 考试通知

examiner 考试者

board of examiners 考试团

examination oral, written examination 口试,笔试

question 问题

question paper 试卷

crib 夹带 (美作:trot)

to pass an examination (或exam), 通过考试

pass, passing grade 升级

prizegiving 分配奖品

to fall an examination 未通过考试

failure 未考好

to repeat a year 留级

degree 学位

graduate 毕业生

to graduate 毕业

project, thesis 毕业论文

General Certificate of Education 中学毕业证书 (美作:high school diploma)

holder of the General Certificate of Education 中学毕业生 (美作:holder of a high school diploma)

doctorate 博士学位

doctor 博士

competitive examination 答辩考试

Chinese 语文

English 英语

Japanese 日语

mathematics 数学

science 理科

gymnastics 体育

history 历史

algebra 代数

geometry 几何

geography 地理

biology 生物

chemistry 化学

physics 物理

physical geography 地球物理

literature 文学

sociology 社会学

psycology 心理学

philosophy 哲学

engineering 工程学

mechanical engineering 机械工程学

electronic engineering 电子工程学

medicine 医学

social science 社会科学

agriculture 农学

astronomy 天文学

economics 经济学

politics 政治学

commercial science 商学

biochemistry 生物化学

anthropology 人类学

linguistics 语言学

accounting 会计学

law, jurisprdence 法学

banking 银行学

metallurgy 冶金学

finance 财政学

mass-communication 大众传播学

journalism 新闻学

atomic energy 原子能学

civil engineering 土木工程

architecture 建筑学

chemical, engineering 化学工程

accounting and statisics 会计统计

business administration 工商管理

library 图书馆学

diplomacy 外交

foreign language 外文

botany 植物

major 主修

minor 辅修

school 学校

kindergarten 幼儿园

infant school 幼儿学校

primary school, junior school 小学

secondary school 中学

high school, secondary school 专科学校

business school 商业学校

technical school 工业学校

technical college 专科学校

(university) campus 大学

university 大学

boarding school 供膳宿的学校

day school 日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校

day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走读学生

academy 专科学院

faculty 系

hall of residence 学校公寓

classroom 教室

lecture theatre 阅览室 (美作:lecture theater)

amphitheatre 阶梯教室 (美作:amphitheater)

staff room 教研室

headmaster's study, headmaster's office 校长办公室

(assembly) hall 礼堂

library 图书馆

playground 操场

desk 课桌

blackboard 黑板

(a piece of) chalk 粉笔

slate pencil 石板笔

wall map 挂图

skeleton map 轮廓图,示意图

globe 地球仪

text book 课本

dictionary 词典

encyclopedia 百科全书

atlas 地图集

satchel 书包

exercise book 练习本

rough not book 草稿本 (美作:scribbling pad)

blotting paper 吸墨纸

tracing paper 描图纸

squared paper, graph paper 坐标纸

(fountain) pen 自来水笔

biro, ballpoint (pen) 圆珠笔

pencil 铅笔

propelling pencil 自动铅笔

pencil sharpener 铅笔刀,转笔刀

ink 墨水

inkwell 墨水池

rubber, eraser 橡皮

ruler, rule 尺

slide rule 计算尺

set square 三角板

protractor 量角器

compass, pair of compasses 圆规

雅思分类词汇:蔬菜名称

tomato 番茄,西红柿

asparagus 芦笋

cucumber 黄瓜

aubergine, eggplant 茄子

bean 菜豆

beet, beetroot 甜菜

pepper 胡椒

pimiento 甜椒

potato 马铃薯

carrot 胡萝卜

cauliflower 菜花,花椰菜

pumpkin 西葫芦

broad bean 蚕豆

cabbage 圆白菜,卷心菜

chilli 辣椒

garlic 蒜

chive 葱

fennel 茴香

cos lettuce 莴苣

marrow 嫩葫芦

melon 香瓜,甜瓜

mushroom, celery 芹菜

onion 韭

leek 韭菜

radish 萝卜

tarragon 狭叶青蒿

thyme 百里香

mushroom 蘑菇

artichoke 洋蓟

broccoli, brocoli 硬花甘蓝

Brussels sprouts 芽甘蓝

caper 刺山柑,老鼠瓜

cardoon 刺菜蓟

chervil 雪维菜,细叶芹

chick-pea 鹰嘴豆

chicory 苣荬菜

cress 水田芥

cumin, cummin 孜然芹,枯茗

dandelion 蒲公英

French bean 法国菜豆

gherkin 嫩黄瓜

horseradish 辣根

Jerusalem artichoke 洋姜,鬼子姜

kale 无头甘蓝

kohlrabi 甘蓝

laurel 月桂

lentil 兵豆

lettuce 莴苣

lupin 羽扇豆 (美作:lupine)

parsley 欧芹

parsnip 欧防风

pea 豌豆

rhubarb 大黄

salsify 婆罗门参

sorrel 掌叶大黄

truffle 块菌

turnip 芜菁

watercress 豆瓣菜

篇5:高效备考考研英语之阅读

高效备考考研英语之阅读

阅读,特别是传统阅读是考研英语所有题型中最具中西合璧,最彰显中外合作精神的一题:其所有文章均来自外国,而其所有的命题均出自中国人之手。虽其基本题型设置和国内外的诸多测试,如大家司空见惯的四、六级大致一样。但得分情况却不尽人意。据统计,总分40分的该题历年平均得分也就在22分左右。经过考研教育网深入细致地研究发现其中一个最重要的原因就在于广大学生欠缺对考研英语阅读文章及其文章结构的了解及认识。

首先,广大考生应明白考研英语阅读文章均摘选自英美国家的主流报刊杂志,并且尤以面向大众的社会科学和科普刊物为主,比如商业经济类文章常摘自The Economist《经济学家》、Business Week《商业周刊》、Wall Street《华尔街杂志》;科普类文章主要摘自于Nature《自然》、Discovery《探索》、Science《科学》、National Geographic《国家地理等》;社会生活及文化教育则来自于 Newsweek 《新闻周刊》、USA Today 《今日美国》 、The Times《泰晤士报》等。除此以外,还会有少量的文章来源于Independent《独立日报》、International Herald Tribune《国际先驱论坛》、Telegraph《英国电信日报》等。

如在平时备考中知晓了试题命制来源,广大考生就应针对性地了解,或是尽可能地阅读相关,类似的文章。鉴于广大考生备考任务重,时间紧。经研究发现绝大多数情况下,每年阅读文章来源一般控制在过去5年之内,即倘若在参加研究生入学考试,那么该年文章一般来源于-见的报刊杂志上。了解这点,可相对缩小考生的阅读范围。此外,我们还发现:为符合考试大纲对文章字数的要求及规定,出题人在选材时,一般会文章段落控制在3-6段间,字数会控制在400-450之间。如此一来,广大学子若想更好地应对考研英语阅读,平日可借助多种渠道,或是网络搜索符合以上两个条件的文章加以了解,拓宽知识。再者,最便宜的方式则是广大学子可借助图书馆,到图书馆借阅相应报刊杂志,中英文皆可,如 《国家地理》 或是 《英美报刊选读》来参看。平日翻阅这些书籍,不经意间就可帮助广大考生对此类我恩长的了解,亦可增加相应知识背景储备。

了解考研英语阅读文章来源及平日应对方式之后,大家在平日的备考中还应注意培养文章结构意识。文章结构,简言之,就是指文章的布局安排,以及作者的行文。掌握文章的`结构有助于大家快速,高效地读懂文章,从而快速解题。

同样,为帮助广大考生破解阅读这一难关,我们在详尽研究多年真题后,发现历年考研阅读文章中90%的文章是议论文,而10%的则属说明文。一般而言,说明文常见于人文,自然等科普读物中,常通过定义、比较、对照等写作手法对事物的性质、特性、演变、结果或是相互间的关系进行提示或解释。而议论文则常见于作者就某一现象,或事件展开论述,从而深发自己的观点。在议论文中,往往渗透着作者个人的观点和态度,并且常常观点和事实相混杂。了解文章体裁后,就有助于我们了解文章结构特点。在文章结构上,英美国家最显著的特色是:文章结构紧凑,中心突出。仔细研究,这两种文体,它们在结构上有共通之处,即文章中心明确,文章结构常呈现总-分,或是总-分-总的关系。请大家切记,考研英语阅读中的所有文章中心都很突出,即宏观上而言,所有的文章有且仅有一个中心,正篇文章都围绕这个中心展开;微观上,在各段的布局上,大多也是以总--分或总-分---总的关系展开的。在此,以TEXT 1为例,来阐释这个知识点。

20阅读的第一篇文章属于商业经济题材,主要讲述了美国工商业在二战后由兴旺到衰败再到复兴的工程。本文在体裁上属于说明文。本文结构特征非常明显:首先体现在本文中心突出。文章开篇即指出“A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may be a driving force. ”(长期而轻而易举的成功可能是个不利因素,但如果处理得当,可能成为驱动力。)来统领全文。文章剩余各段都是借助美国二战后工业的发展变化来阐释这句话的。

其次体现在各段的总-分关系上。如第2段的首句“It was inevitable that the primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ”(随着其他国家的繁荣昌盛,美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降变得不可避免。)便是本段的中心句。第2段余下句子都是用具体事例来说明,展现美国经济优势地位的丧失以及具体体现在那些行业,领域中的。同样,第3段也是如此。第3段的首句“All of this has caused a crisis of confidence. ”(所有的一切引发了一场信心危机。)也是本段的中心句,其后的各句也在承接中心句,具体阐释了美国人信心危机爆发以后的种种表现。文章第4段首句“How things have changed! ”(但是情况的变化非常之快!)也是本段中心句。开段便指出美国发生了一些变化,紧接着的本段主要围绕所发生的变化,以及变化发生的原因来展开论述的。若大家对文章结构有一定认识,那么在真正的理解或是解题时,对整个文章的宏观掌握应该不成问题了。

考研教育网借由这篇文章,简单地帮大家理了一下考研英语阅读文章在结构上的一些特点。了解文章结构特点可以有助于大家从宏观上来把握整个文章布局,可以帮助大家快速的读懂,读透文章。

( )

篇6:考研英语解读之阅读指导

考研英语解读之阅读指导

》阅读在考研英语中的地位毋庸置疑,除了写作的题目其实都是在测试阅读理解的能力。比如完型填空这一题目,由于近年来越来越侧重于考查大家对上下文逻辑关系的理解,所以其实是考查大家的“惯性阅读”的能力,因此,阅读水平差的同学基本上没有办法获得好成绩。新题型也是如此,包括翻译,也是必须要对文章整体主题和逻辑有清楚的理解之后,才能取得理想的分数。写作虽然是输出过程,但是这个过程一定是来自于有足够的输入,也就是足够量的阅读。

足够量的阅读训练,是必要前提。很多同学迷信考试技巧,不播种就想收获。技巧其实是建立在熟练基础之上的,也就是 常说的‘Practice makes perfect.’ 但是先飞的鸟未必就一定能取得好名次。这就需要充分运用本人和前人通过理性总结出来的规律性知识。这就是所谓的站在巨人肩上。

英语阅读的三个组成部分为我们做出了很好的提示。A阅读通过文后的题目引导宏观和微观阅读,通过正确和干扰项暗示我们阅读应该关注的方面和方向,以及应该注意和避免的问题。B阅读通过对语篇结构的变换指导我们关注语篇的整体或宏观方面,关注文章各部分内容的关系和衔接,建立对文章的大局思维。C阅读通过利用上下文对文章中涉及的复杂句子的结构和一些较难内容的理解引导我们处理问题的能力,以实现高质量的阅读。阅读能力不仅包含对具体信息的理解和把握,更多的是对概括性和主旨性的信息,文字中没有明确表达,但是需要大家通过判断,推理,引申,归纳等方式理解和把握。

阅读文章的'考题的内容广泛,包罗万象,人文科学,科普文章,反应国际社会问题的文章等等。如果考生平时多涉猎这方面的知识,那么,理解得势必会更快,文章难度也会降低。就考题来说,同学们阅读时一定要摒弃一字一句阅读,动辄查字典的习惯。要提高阅读效率,首先必须要学会浏览。浏览主要包含两种,一是跳读全文,一是查读。前者主要是把握文章基本内容和作者立场,细节和例子可以忽略。后者是解题是需要用的办法。检索性的查读是对材料已有了解的情况下进行的。找到目标段落后,应该放慢速度,直到找到需要的相关信息为止。当然,这个过程的实现需要坚持不懈的练习。在锻炼浏览能力的基础上,还要学会调节阅读速度。这里,需要注意出现频率最高的词或者短语,它们很可能是文章的中心或者关键的问题。在阅读的过程中要练习这种找中心词语的能力。其次还需要善于判定短文各段的主题句。关于这点,大部分人都比较有意识的在练习。最后应该在浏览的过程中总结全文的主题。对每一个阅读完的段落,都要在脑中回顾一下主要阐述的内容。强调完浏览和速度两个方面之后,同学们还需要掌握常见的行文方式,了解作者语气和意图,预测内容和文章导向。文章中常见的行文方式主要有信息传播类、分析论说类,事实证明类,问题解答类。对于信息传播类,由于事实多,细节详细,应该尽量记忆信息。分析论说类主要是作者为了表达自己的某种观点并进行说理分析。所以要特别注意作者的观点是什么,提出了哪些论据理由。对于事实证明类,这种文章往往有结论,或在开头或在结尾。和分析论说类不同在于,文章没有个人观点。所以要先抓住结论,然后用心分析每项论据。问题解答类的作者则是用问题吸引读者的注意力,同时也清楚说明自己的意图。优点在于,一眼能看出主题而不用猜测。

总的来说,对于A阅读来说,题型就那么几种,考生应该尽量先熟悉题型,在练习的过程中,养成良好阅读习惯,把被动接受信息的阅读变为主动吸收信息。持之以恒,定会有所突破。

daoyan/

篇7:考研英语:阅读高频词汇之食品类

考研英语:阅读高频词汇之食品类

additive 添加剂

amino add 氨基酸

appetizer 开胃食品

barbecue 烧烤

bed curries 牛肉咖喱

beef steak 牛排;鱼排

beverage 饮料

broccoli 西兰花

buffet(meal)自助餐

butter 黄油

carbohydrate 糖类

cauliflower 菜花

convenience food 方便食品

diet 日常饮食

fortified wine 加了酒精的葡萄酒

French fries 法式炸薯条

fructose 果糖

glucose 葡萄糖

green foodstuff 绿色食品

ground beef 绞牛肉;牛肉酱

health food 保健食品

ketchup 调味番茄酱

lettuce 生菜

malnourished 营养不良

maltose 麦牙糖

nutrition 营养(成分)

oatmeal 燕麦片

onion 洋葱

pasta 意大利通心粉

pasta dinner 意大利面食

pastry 面点心

pepsi 百事可乐

protein 蛋白质

recipe 食谱;配方

seaweed 海藻

soft drink 不含酒精的饮料

spice 调味品

sprite 雪碧

starch 淀粉

vegetable curry and rice 蔬菜咖喱烩饭

vegetarian 素食主义者

vitamin 维生素

yeast 酵母

yogurt 酸奶

以上就是考研英语阅读中经常出现的一些食品类的英语词汇,希望参加2016考研的同学们抽出一点点时间将这些词汇搞定,也预祝大家愉快复习,在2016考研的考场上考出理想成绩。

篇8:考研英语:阅读高频词汇之艺术类

2016考研英语:阅读高频词汇之艺术类

abstract painting 抽象画

art decor 艺术装饰

baton 指挥棒

break dance 霹雳舞

0elb 大提琴

chant 吟唱

chord 合唱,合唱曲

composer 作曲者,作曲家

concerto 协奏曲

conductor 指挥

conservatory 音乐学校

flute 长笛

folk music 民间音乐

gong 锣

harmonica 口鬈

harp 竖琴

horn 号

impressionism 印象派

instrument(精密)乐器

lyric 歌词

melody 旋律,曲调

musical 音乐喜剧

musical notation 乐谱

orchestra 管弦乐队

overture 前奏曲

pipe organ 管风琴

playwright 剧作家

prelude 序曲

premiere 首演

producer 演出者

properties 舞台道具

rap music 快板音乐,快板歌

recital 独奏会。独唱会

refrain(歌曲中的`)叠歌,副歌

rehearsal 排演

Renaissance 文艺复兴

reproduction 复制

saxophone 萨克斯管

scale 音阶

score 总谱;(总谱中的)乐曲

sculpture 雕刻,雕塑

sonata 奏鸣曲

symphony 交响乐,交响曲

synthesizer 合成器,音响合成器

tempo 节奏

theatricals 戏剧

trumpet 喇叭

whistle 口哨

wind 管乐器

以上就是考研英语阅读中经常出现的一些艺术类的英语词汇,希望参加2016考研的同学们抽出一点点时间将这些词汇搞定,也预祝大家愉快复习,在2016考研的考场上考出理想成绩。

篇9:考研英语暑期备考 阅读中的同意替换

考研英语暑期备考 阅读中的同意替换

仔细阅读考研文章之后, 再来看题目和选项, 相比很多同学都已经发现一个规律, 那就是: 很多题目和选项都或多或少的与原文里的句子有些不大一样, 但是意思却基本相同, 这就是命题里的一个小妙招: 同义替换。

下面我们就文中里出现的同义替换简要跟大家来分享下,希望在以后的阅读过程中注意此类选项和原文做对比, 以提高做题效率。

Text1 是一篇讲述如何在对话中有效使用幽默的文章

1. :To make your humor work, you should ________.

答案C:address different problems to different people

定位原文:Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.

答题要点:既然是细节题,并且出现在第一道,那么应该正确答案理应出现在文章前面段落,并且很可能就是第一段。正确选项和原文之间并非出现词汇的同义替换, 而是换了句型。

2:The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.

正确答案B:very conscious of their godlike role

原文复现:“Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that's God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”

答题要点:这个题目难度较大, 但是解本题的时候, 除了找到此同义替换局外, 还有一点是关键的., 那就是这个例子出现的背景, 那就是护士对医生有着一致的看法和观点, 并且绝对不是一种好的评价, 所以才会拿来开玩笑。 所以再结合原文, 应该推断, B为正确选项。说明医生很在乎自己上帝般的角色God再次出现。

3: It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.

正确答案D:have often been the laughing stock

原文定位:You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

答题要点:the Post Office or the telephone system与public services属于上下义的关系,因此一定程度上属于同义替换, 并且laughing stock与scapegoats如果仔细看这段文字的话, 也会发现, 其实就是同义的表达而已。

4:To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.

答案D:as casually as possible

原文定位:If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.

答题要点:先定位, 然后再来分析发现原文中nature, casual, off-the-cuff,relaxed, unforced全都是答案中casually的同义词, 如此之多, 完全可以判定正确选项D

篇10:考研英语阅读历年真题常见同意替换总结

考研英语阅读历年真题常见同意替换总结

1. purchasing power of incomes

Maximizetheir incomes = increase the purchasing power of incomes (同意替换)

2. property = real estate (同意替换)

stockexchange, venture investment

3. precision = accuracy

4. Thinking ability = critical thinking =creative= innovation

5. reasoning = logical thought =thought

6. popular culture= common culture

7. cultural power= assimilating power

8. more often than not = often

The decline of telephone is but all too natural in communicationdevelopment.

He more often than not comes here. (短语精讲)

9. prevent (同意替换)= hinder= refrain= deter(同意替换)

翻译:他生病了所以没有去。

Illnessprevented him from going there.

10. judge = Justice (必考含义)

11. apprehension (必考含义) = worry

apprehensiveability 理解能力

12. mind = people= individual 同意替换

13. faith=confidence=assertiveness 信心(同意替换)

14. drug= medicine

15. dismiss 斥责= rebuke=criticize

16. tap 开发 tap the market = explore themarket = expand the market

17. verbally

18. entail =make= cause

19. nature ;nurture/ born ; made /inherited ;acquired/(先天和后天)innate (同意替换)

cognitive/intuitive made/born

20. attribute= character=trait=merit=feature=virtue 特点;特质(同意替换)

21. complementary=auxiliary (同意替换)

22. suits = enable (同意替换)= entail

23. visualize=imagine=conceive

24. mechanical = unchanged (同意替换)

Mechanical learning (短语搭配)

Dynamic=changeable=variable; vary

Modify=change

25. distinction= fame (同意替换)(必考词义)

26. implication ; connotation; suggestion; reference;(同意替换)

carry important implications for(短语动词)

27. accumulation = expansion (同意替换)= augmentation

28.literally = actually=absolutely (同意替换)

逐字地;照字面地;确实地,真正地;[口语]差不多,简直(用于加强语意)

29. initiatives=measures (同意替换)

Initiatives =intention

Initiative =active

Initiative=primitive=beginning

30.spontaneity = informal (同意替换)

craft=formal

endeavors=efforts=acts Act

31.Doubt= deny= don‘t believe

Suspect =believe

32.Determine = find out

33. 经济下滑,衰退

slowing economy

softening economy

stagnant economy

economic recession

economic decline

economic stagnation (stagnant)。

Depression

Slowdown

34.symptoms =negative example

35.frames = body

36.grasp = understanding

37.reshape= remold

38.entitle

we are entitled to some privileges.

Some privilege sare given to us .

Some privileges are conferred on us.

同义词典

考研英语之完形填空复习计划

考研英语复习之各个击破

考研英语小作文道歉信之

高效备考考研英语之阅读

考研复试之英语面试题目

考研英语辅导之背诵句型

考研英语作文辅导之祝贺信

考研写作高分利器 替换词大

英语动词奉承的同义词汇介绍

浅析考研英语阅读之同义替换(推荐10篇)

欢迎下载DOC格式的浅析考研英语阅读之同义替换,但愿能给您带来参考作用!
推荐度: 推荐 推荐 推荐 推荐 推荐
点击下载文档 文档为doc格式
点击下载本文文档