下面是小编为大家整理的英语的动词不定式语法基础（共含7篇），以供大家参考借鉴!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“捷希”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
英语的动词不定式语法基础
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：
1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征：
1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化：
不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一般 to write to be written
进行 to be writing/
完成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing /
现 在 分 词 主 动被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
过 去 分 词 一般 written
动 名 词 主 动被 动
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
动 词 不 定 式：
动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
1 动词不定式作主语：
To mast1 a language is not an easy thing.
掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
To teach English is my favorite.
教英语是我的爱好。
It's my pleasure to help you.
很乐意帮助你。
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help.
你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。
It's necessary to find the witness2.
有必要找到目击者。
2 动词不定式作宾语：
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.
What I wish is to learn English well.
我所希望的是把英语学好。
I like to help others if I can.
如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。
3 动词不定式作宾语补语 。
We expect you to be with us.
我们希望你和我们在一起。
Please ask him to come here quickly.
请叫他快过来。
4 动词不定式作表语 ：
What I should do is to finish the task soon.
我应该做的是赶快完成任务。
The most urgent3 thing is to find the boy immediately.
当务之急是马上去找孩子。
5 动词不定式作定语：
There are many ways to solve the problem.
有许多方法能解决这个问题。
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
6 不定式作状语：
We went to the hospital to see our teacher.
我们去医院看了我们的老师。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful
medicine from a Tibet4 flower.
她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。
动词不定式的否定形式：
not + to + 动词原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.
老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us.
没告诉我们真是不公平。
带疑问词的不定式：
疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。
Where to go is not known5 yet.
去什么地方还不知道。
I don't know when to begin.
我不知道什么时间开始。
Can you tell me where to get the battery6.
你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗?
Do you know how to get to the station.
你知道怎样去车站吗?
带逻辑主语的不定式：
动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。
注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式， for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。
It's necessary for us to help each other.
我们互相帮忙是必要的。
There are much work for me to finish,
有许多工作要我去完成。
动词不定式的时态：
动词不定式一般时：表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。
I helped him put the things into the car.
我帮助他把东西放进了汽车。
I want to see you again.
我想再见到你。
Would you like to have a rest.
你愿意休息一下吗?
动词不定式完成时： 表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。
We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，我们让你久等了。
They seems to have known the answers.
他们好像知道了答案。
动词不定式进行时：表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调动作正在进行。
They seem to be working hard.
他们好像在努力工作。
动词不定式的被动形式： 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。
He is the man to be examined.
他是受检查的人。
There are much work to be done.
有好多工作要做。
考研英语：语法大全(动词不定式)
动词不定式
意义、形式和特征
1）基本概念和形式动词不定式（infinitive）是一种非限定动词，由不定式符号to加动词原形所构成。动词不定式有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
2）动词不定式的动词特征
a）如果动词不定式是及物的，须有宾语。如：
He wants to study Japanese.他想学习日语。（动词不定式to study后面有宾语Japanese）
b）动词不定式可以被状语修饰。如：
The rain continued to fall heavily.雨继续下得很大。（动词不定式to fall后面有状语heavily）
动词不定式加宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语，如上二例中的to study Japanese和to fall heavily.
3）动词不定式的非动词特征
用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，所以它在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1）主语
To lean out of the window is dangerous.把身子伸出窗外是危险的。
To talk with him is a great pleasure.和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。
To die for the people is a glorious death！为人民而死，虽死犹荣。
动词不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而在句首用引词“作语法上的主语。上述两句即可改为：
It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
注意也常用“It is+形容词+动词不定式短语”这样的句型：
It is necessary to make a plan for this course of study.必须订一个学习这门课程的计划。
It is not difficult to learn a foreign if you spend time and effort on it.小只要你花时间下功夫，学好一门外国语并不难。
It's just impossible to see that and not weep.看见那种情景而不哭是根本不可能的。（注意weep之前省去了to，以免重复）
2）表语
Her wish is to become an astronaut.她的愿望是成为一名宇航员。
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我们的计划是在两周内完成这项工作。
His only desire was to be useful to the country.他唯一的愿望是做一个对国家有用的人。
3）宾语有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有want（想要），wish（想望），like（喜欢），decide（决定），help（帮助），pledge（保证），begin（开始），forget（忘记），learn（学习），ask（要求）等等。动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语。如：
He wants to be a village school teacher in a mountain area.他要做个山村教师。
Do you like to watch football matches？你喜欢看足球赛吗？
Learn to walk before you run.先学走后学跑。
We decided to make changes in our plan.我们决定把计划做些修改。
动词不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的'宾语。这些形容词通常只有ready（准备好，愿意），eager（急于），anxious（急于）等，但为了学习上的方便，也可以包括able（能够），sure（一定），glad（高兴），sorry（难过），afraid（怕），free（随意），pleased（高兴），determined（决心），willing（愿意）等。如：
He is sure to succeed.他肯定会成功。
How do you do？ I'm glad to meet you.你好？见到你很高兴。
The boys and girls are anxious to learn how to skate.这些男孩子和女孩子渴望学会滑冰。
4）定语动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：
He is always the first one to get up.他总是第一个起床。
I have a few words to say on this question.关于这个问题我有几句话要说。
They are discussing ways to guarantee high output.他们正在讨论保证高产量的办法。
After the Ching Ming Festival it is time to sow sorghum，millet and corn.清明节一过，正是播种高梁、谷子和玉米的时节。
5）状语动词不定式作状语时，一般放在它所修饰的动词之后。
a）表示目的
He went to Beijing to study in 1988.一九八八年他去北京学习。
He went to Paris to learn French.他去巴黎学法文。
注一：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可变为in order to （为了）或so as to（以便）加动词原形。如：
We often listen to English broadcasts in order to get more practice in training our ears.我们经常听广播，以便加强听力训练。
In order to learn acupuncture，she practiced on herself every day.为了学习针灸，她每天在自己身上试验。（注意in order to可放在句首）
We must have good soil so as to grow roses.种玫瑰花要有好的土壤。
注二：动词不定式可以放在句首，使其所表示的目的更加明显突出。如：
To be a good teacher one must use good teaching methods.要成为好的教师一定要有好的教学方法。
To de fend our country we must strengthen ourselves.为了保卫祖国，我们必须自强不息。
注三：注意有些用作句子独立成分的习惯语，如to begin with（首先），to conclude（最后），to be sure（当然），to tell you the truth（老实对你说）等。
b）表示结果
My grandmother lived to see the birth of my little daughter.我的祖母活到亲眼看到我的小女儿出生。
A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.几年后他回到家里，发现故乡的面貌大大地改变了。
注一：有时可以用too……to（太…而不能）结构来表示“结果办不到”。如：
He is too young to join the army.他太年轻了，不能参军。
It was too cold，to go out last night.昨晚太冷，无法出去。
注二：动词不定式和only连用时，常表示未预料到的结果。如：
I went to see him only to find him out.我去看他，不料他出去了。
I hurried to the post office，only to find it was closed.我匆忙赶到邮局，不料已经关门了。
中考英语动词语法基础
动 词 的 定 义：
动词是表示动作或状态的词。 例如： work，工作 , study，学习，eat 吃。
动词的分类：动词有两种分类方法。
1) 限定动词和非限定动词。
限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式，动名词和分词三种。在句中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
2)实义动词，连系动词，情态动词和助动词。
实义动词有完整的词义，并能单独作谓语，实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。例如：
study 学习, reach 到达, see 看见, rise 升起。
连系动词在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。连系动词有 be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel, appear, remain, turn。
情态动词表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词有 can, will, have, be, should, do, would, 等。
助动词只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态和语气等动词形式。
do, shall, will, have, has.
动词的基本形式。
英语动词有四种基本形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词和现在分词。这四种动词形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态，语态和语气。
动词的原形。就是词典中所给的形式。例如：be, have, buy, sit.
动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种形式。规则动词的过去式和过去分词，由在原形动词的后面加词尾 -ed 构成。
work - worked - worked
不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的，须要一一记忆。
go - went - gone do - did - done
动词的现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。构成方法如下：
1)一般情况在动词原形后加 -ing 。
go---going stand---standing1
2)以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加 ing。
arrive- arriving get- getting
3)少数几个以 -ie 结尾的动词，须将 ie 变成 y ，再加 ing.例如： die--dying lie--lying。
动词的时态
英语动词的时态是一种动词的形式。 不同的动词时态用以表示不同的时间和方式。共有十六种时态。
一般现在时：
一般现在时表示经常发生的习惯性的动作或目前所处的状态。
We go to school every day.
我们每天去学校。
The students study very hard.
学生们学习很努力。
She has a dictionary.
她有一本词典。
在一般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要进行变化，变化规则如下：
1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加 -s. 例如：
works2 gets says reads
2) 以ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的动词，在后面加 -es。 例如：
goes teaches washes
3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把 y变为 i 再加 -es. 例如：
studies tries carries
动词 have 遇有主语是第三人称单数时，have 改为 has。 例如：
He has an interesting book.
他有一本有趣的书。
Our classroom has two doors.
我们的教室有两个门。
动词 be 遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be 改为 am 遇有主语是第二人称时，be 改为 are, 遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be 改为 is.
I'm a student and he is a student, too.
我是一个学生 ，他也是一个学生。
We are all students.
我们都是学生。
一般现在时的具体用法：
1) 表示现在，目前存在的状态，性质或经常发生的动作或习惯。一般现在时常用下列副词或短语来作时间状语：
often, usually, always, sometimes , seldom, every day(week, year, night), twice a month
I often visit my teachers.
我经常看望我的老师。
They do morning exercises every day.
他们每天做早操。
2) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue,start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。
The train comes at 3 o'clock.
火车三点钟到。
Tomorrow is Sunday.
明天是星期天。
3) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I'll help you as soon as you have problem.
只要你有困难我就会帮助你。
Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.
如果你碰见小李，告诉他这件事情。
4) 一般现在时还可用在戏剧， 电影的剧本解说，体育比赛的解说以及图片的说明等场合。
Tom carries the ball to the left.
汤姆把球带到左方。
The picture shows us how they built the
motorway3 last year.
这张照片给我们展示了他们去年如何建设高速公路。
一般过去式 表示过去的动作和状态。
I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他。
一般过去式构成： 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下：
一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed 。
worked played wanted acted
以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d。
lived moved decided4 declined5 hoped judged raised wiped
以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed。
studied tried copied justified6 cried carried embodied7 emptied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed。
stopped begged fretted8 dragged dropped planned dotted dripped9
不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
go - went make - made get - got
buy - bought come - came fly-flew
一般过去式的用法：
1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
I worked in that factory last year.
去年我在那一家工厂工作。
I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday.
昨天我们去了天龙山。
一般将来时 表示将来的动作或装态。
一般将来时的构成： shall (will) + 动词原形. 助动词 shall用于主语是第一人称时，will 用于主语是第三人称时。
I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.
我明天要参加会议。
The workers will build a school here next year.
工人们明年将在这儿盖一所学校。
一般将来时的否定形式是在 shall 或 will 后面加 not 构成，即： shall not + 动词原形。 will not + 动词原形。 shall not和 will not可以分别缩写为shan't 和 won't.
I shall not go to the Yingze Park next time.
下一次我不去迎泽公园了。
He won't come back this week.
这一周他不回来了。
will用在第一人称时，表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等。
I will do my best to catch up with them.
我要尽力赶上他们 。
其他表示将来的句型：
(1)be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近或将来要作的某事。
I am going to Beijing next week.
下周我要去北京。
(2)be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。
There is to be a meeting this afternoon.
今天下午有个会。
We are to meet the guests at the station.
我们要去车站接人。
(3) be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。
They are about to leave.
他们就要离开。
一般完成时 一般完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在有关系，说明这个动作在现在的结果，例如：
I have been here for two hours.
我来这儿已有两个小时了。
She has not said anything about it.
她对这件事情什么也没有说。
一般完成时的构成 have (has) + 过去分词， has 用于主语是单数第三人称，其它用 have。
I have worked for ten hours today.
今天我工作了十个小时。
He has found his pen.
他找到了他的钢笔了。
过去分词的构成方法如下 ：
一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 -ed。
worked spelled linked
answered obeyed wanted
以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 -d。
moved hoped divided
闭音节的单音节词，或以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ed。
stopped regretted dropped
一般完成时的用法：
1) 一般完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。
He has gone away.
他已经走了。
I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.
我买了一辆十速自行车。
They have cleaned the classroom.
他们打扫了教室。
2) 一般完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 一般完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。
We have lived here since 1976.
从一九七六以来，我们就住在这儿。
They have waited for more than two hours.
他们等了两个多小时。
一般进行时：
一般进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
We are working now.
我们正在工作。
一般进行时的构成： be + 现在分词。
It's raining hard. 雨下的很大。
Are you studying now? 你在学习吗?
They are watching TV. 他们在看电视。
现在分词的构成方法如下 ：
一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 -ing.
going asking finding10 working being seeing printing raining standing studying speaking spelling
以不发音的-e 结尾的动词，去-e ，再加-ing。
coming taking firing encircling writing becoming breathing leaving
闭音节的单音节词，或以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ing.
sitting running getting cutting stopping beginning planning permitting11
一般进行时的用法：
1) 一般进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。
What are you doing now?
你在干什么呢?
I am looking for my key.
我在找我的钥匙。
The workers are building a big library.
工人们正在建一座大型图书馆。
2) 一般进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作，也许此时此刻这个动作并没有进行。
The students are preparing for the examination12.
学生们正在作考试准备。
3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
他们明天要去香港。
I am coming. 我就来。
过去完成时：
过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。
过去完成时的构成： had + 过去分词
We had already learned13 two thousands words by the end of last year.
到去年年底我们已经学了个单词。
?
When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.
我们到达车站的时候，他们已经等了二十多分钟。
将来完成时：
将来完成时表示将来某一时刻或某一时刻之前完成的动作或所处的状态。
将来完成时的构成：
shall (will) + have + 过去分词
After we finish this text, we'll have learned twenty texts.
这课课文结束后，我们就学了二十课课文了。
By the next month, I'll have finished my task.
到下个月，我将完成任务。
过去进行时：
过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，过去进行时常和表示过去时的时间状语词组或从句连用。
过去进行时的构成：
were (was) + 动词现在分词
He was reading last night.
昨天晚上他正在看书。
I was watching TV when she came to see me.
她来看我的时候，我正在看电视。
The students were reading loudly when I came into the classroom.
我进教室的时候，学生们正在大声地读课文 。
将来进行时
将来进行时表示将来某一段时间正在进行的动作或有可能发生或预计要发生的动作。
将来进行时的构成：
shall (will) + be + 现在分词
What will you be doing next week?
下一星期你在干什么?
I shall be typing in my office.
我将在我的办公室打字
考研英语：语法大全(动词不定式语态用法)
动词不定式一般式所表示的时间关系
1）动词不定式一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
I saw him go out.我看见他出去了。（saw与go out两个动作同时发生）
Would you help me put things in order before we leave？在我们离开之前，你帮我整理一下东西好吗？（would help和put同时发生）
2）但在很多情况下，动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后；如：
I hope to see you again.我希望再见到你。（to see这个动作发生在hope之后）
The boy said he wanted to be a scientist.这男孩说他想做一个科学家。（to be在wanted之后）
动词不定式的时态形式
动词不定式通常有三种时态形式，现以write为例：
一般式to write进行式to be writing
完成式to have written
动词不定式完成式的用法
动词不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前。如：
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，叫你久等了。（to have kept发生在am所表示的时间之前）
She seems to have read the book before.她好像看过这本书。（to have read发生在seems所表示的时间之前）
The battery appears to have run down.这组电池好像已经用完了。（to have run down发生在appears所表示的时间之前）
但在下面句子中，动词不定式表示“动作没有完成”：
We were to have met at ten.我们本来是约定十点钟见面的。（结果未见面）
动词不定式进行式的用法
动词不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
He see ms to be recovering.他看来在康复。
When he came in，I happened to be lying on the bed，reading.他进来的时候，我碰巧正躺在床上看书。
动词不定式的`被动语态
动词不定式有两种被动语态形式：
一般式to be written
完成式to have been written
例：
The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.下-步要做的事是把土运走。
No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没有造成损害。
分裂不定式
有时在不定式符号“to”和动词原形之间插入一个副词，这种现象叫做分裂不定式（split infinitive）。插入动词不定式的副词，习惯上往往与不定式动词连在一起。如：
He likes to half close his eyes.他喜欢半闭着眼睛。
Our object is to further cement friendly relations between the two countries.我们的目的是进一步加强两国之间的友好关系。
At first he wasn't interested in bookkeeping，but later he began to actually like it.起初他对会计工作没有兴趣，但到后来倒喜欢起它来了
1 动词的语态
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态 时，该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词为感官动词。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
-->I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
-->He was seen to play football on the playground.
2)情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
琴声悠悠550字1 let 的用法
1)当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。
They let the strange go.--->The strange was let go.
2) 若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
---->I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
2 短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
Such a thing has never been heard of before..
3 表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that… 据建议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that…务必记住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
4不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.
5 主动形式表示被动意义
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well. 这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
I was to blame for the accident.
Much work remains.
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.
This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
6 被动形式表示主动意义
be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
He is graduated from a famous university.
他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
He married a rich girl.
He got married to a rich girl.
7 need/want/require/worth
注意：当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。
Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
典型例题
The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
答案A. need (实意) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。
典：done，“不可能已经”。must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
the driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
i happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
i like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
i like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
i want to speak to tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
i want you to speak to tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
there are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that i can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
the question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
7.2 不定式作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. we believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
find 的特殊用法：
find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
i found him lying on the ground.
i found it important to learn.
i found that to learn english is important.
典型例题:
the next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
a. lying b. lie c. lay d. laying
答案：a.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
we consider tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
charles babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
a. to invent b. inventing c. to have invented d. having invented
答案：a. 由consider to do sth. 排除b、d。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而c为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选c。
3) to be +形容词
seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
the book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
we didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
we regard tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
7.3 不定式主语
1） it's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
it's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
it's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) it's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
it was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
it seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用it is… to…的句型
(对)to see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
(错)it is to believe to see.
7.4 it's for sb.和 it's of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
it's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
it's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
you are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
he is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
7.5 不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
my work is to clean the room every day.
his dream is to be a doctor.
7.6 不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
i have a lot of work to do.
so he made some candles to give light.
7.7 不定式作状语
1）目的状语
to… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
he ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
i come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
what have i said to make you angry.
he searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
i'm glad to see you.
典型例题
the chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
a. sit b. sit on c. be seat d. be sat on
答案：b. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。
7.8 用作介词的to
to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认， confess to承认，
be accustomed to习惯于， be used to习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意
7.9 省to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
i saw him dance.
=he was seen to dance.
the boss made them work the whole night.
=they were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：
he is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
举例：
he wants to move to france and marry the girl.
he wants to do nothing but go out.
比较： he wants to do nothing but go out.
he wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例题
1) ---- i usually go there by train.
---- why not ___ by boat for a change?
a. to try going b. trying to go c. to try and go d. try going
答案：d. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选d。
2） paul doesn't have to be made ___. he always works hard.
a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. learning
答案：b. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。
7.10 动词不定式的否定式
tell him not to shut the window…
she pretended not to see me when i passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
典型例题
1）tell him ___ the window.
a. to shut not b. not to shut c. to not shut
d. not shut
答案：b。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.
2) she pretended ___ me when i passed by.
a. not to see b. not seeing c. to not see
d. having not seen
答案：a。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。
3）mrs. smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
a. never to drive b. to never driver
c. never driving d. never drive
答案：a。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.
4) the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
a. not to b. not to do c. not do it
d. do not to
答案：a。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此b，d不对。
5) the patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
a. to eat no b. eating not c. not to eat
d. not eating
答案：c。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。
7.11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1）too…to 太…以至于…
he is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，说不出话来。
---- can i help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
---- well, i'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。
it's never too late to mend. (谚语)
改过不嫌晚。
3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
i'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
he was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
7.12 不定式的特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2) so kind as to ---劳驾
would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
劳驾，现在几点了。
7.13 不定式的特殊句型why not
“why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不……?” “干吗不……?”
例如：
why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?
7.14 不定式的时态和语态
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式to doto be done
进行式to be doing
完成式to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
he seems to know this.
i hope to see you again. = i hope that i'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
i'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
he seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
he seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时：
she is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
7.15 动名词与不定式
1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to dotry doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to domean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。
1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。例如：
to complete the 30storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.
to do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。例如：
it is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) it is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
it is essential to reserve a table in advance of christmas eve.
it is hard to put my hopessintoswords.
it is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
it is important for us young people to learn english and master it.
b) it is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)＋不定式
it is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
it is a pity to have to go without her.
it is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) it takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
it takes me three hours to learn english each day.
it took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
the most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.
my chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.
the purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
what i wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语： afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, hesitate, hate, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want等。
i like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
my mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.i decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.
the room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.
she failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.
4)常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：know, see, decide, tell,ask, consider, discover, explain, findout, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等。
i couldn’t decide which book to choose.
i can tell youswheresto get this book.
they found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next sunday or to visit aunt sally in new year.
“wh-word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
when to start the program remains undecided. the question is how to put the plansintospractice.
5)不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，来强调这种目的。
to learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.
mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.
we must develop science and technology at high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
insgroupsto get a high mark in band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.
b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to, only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。
i rushed to the station as fast as i could, only to find the train already gone.
she left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.no one is too old to learn.
would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?
c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
chinese team is bound to win the world cup.
it is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
i am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.
6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。
because of the complexity of the modern equipments, most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
he asked you to call him at ten o’clock.
the note reminds me to be careful whatever i do.
i’d never allow my children to behave like that.
当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to.
whenever something is wrong with you, please do let me know.
i will have the students write a passage about internet.
i saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.
it seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.
7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume, believe, know, report, say, suppose等。
mr. brown is said to have left for italy last week.(it is said that mr. brown left for italy last week.)
persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through windows and commit murder in their sleep.
he is reported to have won the 100meter running race in the olympic games.
8)不定式作定语
a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency, time, way等。
his efforts to carry out the plan were successful.i have no intention to go to the cinema with you.
there is no need to bother him with such trifles.
there is a tendency to writer quite long sentences in commercial correspondence.
b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
mr. zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave.i don’t think he is the best one to do the work.
9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can’t help but...(不得不), had rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，let alone(更不用说)。
you’d better return the books to the library on time. otherwise, you will be fined.
i can’t help but wish that nothing would go wrong.
they had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.
★ 语法-动词不定式
