下面是小编整理的高三各单元课文翻译9(人教版高三英语教案教学设计)（共含20篇），希望能帮助到大家!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“灵感空间”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
一个帮手
王林，一个跟他妻子、儿子生活在中国东部的木匠。两年前，被诊断得了肺结核。他身体越来越虚弱，胸口经常不断地疼痛。医生告诉他治疗需要花费上万元。可王先生是个下岗工人，他的妻子月收入仅300元。更糟糕的是，他还有个贷款上大学的儿子。这种情况似乎很令人绝望。
但是，三个月后，王林听说有一个保健项目能根据患者需要以半价、甚至更低的价格提供治疗。多亏了这个项目以及家人和邻居的好心，他及时得到了治疗，阻止了疾病对整个身体健康的破坏。现在他已经回到家，正在寻找一份工作。而且，他已决定为他的家人买保险。他说：“如果我早买了保险，这次疾病就不会引起这么大的麻烦。我不会让这种事情再发生在家里其他人身上。”
拯救王先生命的这个项目是许多旨在改善和提高中国特困人群生活状况项目中的一个。这个项目旨在鼓励保健改革，摆脱贫穷。它是全国最大的健康医疗资助项目，现正在四个城市被试点。到目前为止，这个项目已帮助多人得到医疗资助。中国政府也正在连同其他国家和国际组织一起工作，为低收入家庭提供方便接触医院和诊所的通道。其目标是为中国开发和发展新的保健模式。
王林的情况并不独特、罕见。到底，中国有两千二百万都市人口依赖政府资助过活。总计有一百五十一亿元被花在支持那些不能谋生的人身上。然而，这一补助仅够最基本的衣食需要，不包括保健、住房或教育。
对于一些贫困地区的下岗工人来说，疾病就是对他们的家庭施加额外的压力。当他们病了的时候，他们负担不起看医生和从药店买药的费用，甚至他们都不能保证他们的孩子有健康的饮食。如果某个人病得很严重，整个家庭就会被迫贫穷不堪。有统计数字表明，疾病导致超过百分之三十的低收入家庭生活在贫穷境地。有些家庭甚至不得不把从政府得到的补助全用到治疗和医院费用上。
在政府努力抗击贫穷的许多方面，保健占据很重要的位置。如果低收入家庭连医疗保险都买不起，就像王林一家，那么其他减少贫穷的措施将都不会成功。
政府的另外一项巨大挑战就是阻止艾滋病的蔓延。联合国艾滋病理事会警告，如果不采取更多的措施来阻止这种病的传播，中国受传染人的数量在之前将达到一千万。为了迎接这次挑战，中国政府已承诺为公众提供免费的艾滋病测试和为那些负担不起治疗费用的人提供免费的治疗。
有时候一个社会对其最弱成员的照顾程度被看作是评判此社会的标准。随着我们国家的发展，我们必须记住与财富和繁荣共同到来的责任。当我们国家的发展，我们必须保证没有人被落在后面。我们不能允许自己太自私。当问题出现的时候，我们必须要一起努力克服它。
政府对抗贫穷和改善人们保健的努力包括以下方面：减少贫穷、帮助有病的人得到适当的治疗以及为穷人提供医疗保险。资金有限，政府不可能满足所有需要，但是一系列项目及当地和全国性保健网络的发展表明政府对保健持认真态度
全民教育
在1986年，中国政府提出了一项关于在以前每个中国孩子将会接受九年义务教育的法律。尽管在达成这个目标方面有一些问题，但是结果还是很成功的。据报道，在以前，中国99％的学龄儿童能进入小学。
如同在其他国家一样，中国政府意识到中国市民的将来福利与教育密切相连。在20召开的世界教育论坛会上，计算出有一亿一千三百万个孩子未进入学校。在论坛会上，联合教育成员国，科学和文化组织（UNESCO）做了一个承诺，目的是去提供“在之前，为所有孩子提供完全免费的高质量的义务教育”。他们称这个目标为 “全民教育“。现在，这些国家正努力去争取让每一个孩子都入学，而且他们也正经历着类似于中国所面临的困难。
首先，创造一个积极的态度是一个重要的开端。在农业为主体的地区，人们不重视教育，家长们对不让孩子们参加地里劳作的做法很有疑虑。尽管关于孩子，家庭和社区怎样才能受益已经做出了解释，但是要改变传统的观念是不容易的。中国和其他国家发现，即使当来自乡下的孩子开始上学的时候，他们经常旷课，然后就有退学的倾向。尤其是在一些地区，由于认为教育是给男孩的而不是为女孩的风气，所以父母总是不情愿送女儿上学。
中国人口众多，这就意味着为接受更多学生就必须扩大学校。已经出现老师短缺问题。
人口少的国家也有问题。在特克斯和凯科斯群岛，人口不足两万，有些学校里学生数量很少，
以至于不同年级的学生在同一间教室里上课。人们如何被分配也能影响教育系统。在中国，大多数市民住在东部区域，这造成了大班级。然而，在遥远的中部和西部省份，人口太少，在这些区域的学校不可能为每个水平上的小数量的学生支援老师。因此，老师只能教混合班级。在澳大利亚的北部和中部，人口是如此的疏散以至于在一些乡下的定居区的孩子去远达1000公里的最近的学校去上学。为解决这个问题，澳大利亚使用“远程教学”方法，学生用收音机和邮件两种方法上课。
一个国家在教育上的成功也全部依赖于经济。在许多发展中国家，不可能有足够的钱来为所有的孩子提供教室、书桌、椅子、书籍和老师。为装备学校，一些政府几乎完全依赖其他国家的援助，国际组织如世界银行和非政府组织以及挽救孩子都在为这些国家提供帮助。其他国家用一些特殊的项目接受帮助：世界银行和挽救孩子已经在中国的一些不发达的省份帮助解决学校。公司和市民个人也通过希望工程捐献钱。
甚至世界上最富有的国家也面临一些问题。美国已发现确定每位学生接受教学的相同质量是不容易的。三分之一的美国学生居住在乡下，给他们提供一个完整的课程是很困难的。远程教学的方法很奏效，现在美国小规模农村学校的学生使用计算机软件、电子邮件和电视会议等方法来学习各门课程。中国已采用远程教学方法，像电视机，并且在，教育部采用计算机处理中部和西部的中国教育网络。
中国政府克服了人口和经济问题来完成它的“九年义务教育”目标。现在，当中国夫妇有一个宝贝的时候，他们能确信他们的孩子将来能进入学校。但是对最不发达的非洲和亚洲国家的孩子的父母来说是非常困难的。在这些甚至没有淡水或者基本保健的国家中，达成“全民教育”的目标将会是一件极大的工作，尽管有来自国际社区的帮助。
为爱牺牲（1）
一元八角七分。全都在这儿了。其中六角是一分一分的铜板。这些一分分的钱是从杂货店老板、菜贩子和肉店老板那儿软硬兼施地一分两分地扣下来的，直弄得自己羞愧难当。德拉反复数了三次，还是一元八角七分，而第二天就是圣诞节了。德拉哭泣着。
他们住在一套带家具的公寓里，每周房租八美元。这是一个破烂不堪的地方。楼下的门道里有个信箱，可从来没有装过信。还有一个电铃，也从来没有响过，紧挨着它有一张名片，上写着“詹姆斯.迪林厄姆.杨先生”。
德拉哭完之后，往面颊上抹了抹粉。她站在窗前，痴痴地看着灰蒙蒙的后院里一只灰白色的猫正行走在灰白色的篱笆上。明天就是圣诞节，她只有一元八角七分给吉姆买一份礼物。她花去好几个月的时间，尽了最大的努力一分一分地积攒下来，才得到这样一个结果。一周二十美元实在经不起花。支出远远大于预算，总是如此。只有一元八角七分给吉姆买礼物，她的吉姆啊。她花费了多少幸福的时日筹划着要送他一件可心的礼物，一件精致、珍奇的礼物--至少应有点儿配得上吉姆所拥有的声誉才成啊。
现在，詹姆斯.迪林厄姆.杨夫妇俩有两件特别引以自豪的东西。一件是吉姆的金表，是他祖父传给父亲，父亲又传给他的传家宝；另一件则是德拉的秀发。
突然，德拉走到镜子前面。她两眼晶莹透亮，但二十秒钟之类她的脸上失去了光彩。她迅速地拆散头发，使之完全披散开来。此时此刻，德拉的秀发泼散在她的肩膀周围，微波起伏，闪耀光芒，有如那褐色的瀑布。她的美发长及膝下，仿佛是她的一件长袍。接着，她又赶紧把头发梳好。踌躇了一分钟，她一动不动地立在那里，破旧的红地毯溅落了一两滴眼泪。
她穿上那件褐色的旧外衣，带上褐色的旧帽子，跑出房门，下楼来到街上。她看了几家理发店，最后在一块招牌前停下来，上写着：“索弗罗尼夫人，专营各式头发。“德拉奔上楼梯。
“你要买我的头发吗？”德拉问。“我买头发，”夫人说。“摘掉帽子，让我看看头发。”那褐色的瀑布泼撒了下来。“二十美元，”夫人一边说，一边内行似的抓起头发。“快给我钱，”德拉说。接下来的两个小时，她彻底搜寻各家店铺，为吉姆买礼物。
她终于找到了。那准是专为吉姆特制的，决非为别人。在其他各家商店你，哪儿也没有这样的东西，她把里面的东西都拿了出来。那是一条金表链，而且它正配得上那只金表。她一见这条表链，就知道一定属于吉姆所有。它对吉姆来说太合适了。她花去二十一美元买下了，匆匆赶回家，只剩下八角七分钱。金表很匹配这条链子，无论在任何场合，吉姆都可以毫无愧色地看时间了。
德拉回家之后，立即着手修补她的头发。不出四十分钟，她的头上布满了紧贴头皮的一绺绺小卷发，使她看上去活像个小女学生。她在镜子前照了很长时间。“假如吉姆看我一眼不把我宰掉的话，”她自言自语，“他一定会说我像个科尼岛上合唱队的卖唱姑娘。但是我能怎么办呢--唉！只有一元八角七分，我能干什么呢？”
为爱牺牲（2）
七点钟，她煮好咖啡，把煎锅置于热炉上，随时都可做晚餐。吉姆一贯准时回家。德拉将表链对叠握在手心，坐在离门最近的桌子角上。当她听见下面楼梯上响起了他的脚步声，她的脸上失去了片刻的血色。她习惯于为了最简单的日常事物而默默祈祷，此刻，她悄声道：“求求上帝，让他觉得我还是漂亮的吧。”
门开了，吉姆走进来并随手关上了门。他显得瘦削而又非常严肃。可怜的人儿，他才二十二岁，就挑起了家庭重担！他需要买件新大衣，连手套也没有呀。
吉姆站在屋里的门口边，两眼固定在德拉身上，其表情使她无法理解，令她毛骨悚然。既不是愤怒，也不是惊讶，又不是不满，更不是嫌恶，根本不是她所预料的任何一种神情。他仅仅是面带这种神情死死的盯着德拉。
德拉起身，向他走过去。“吉姆，亲爱的，”她喊道，“别那样盯着我。我把头发剪掉卖了，因为不送你一件礼物，我无法过圣诞节。头发会再长起来--你不会介意，是吗？我非这么做不可。我的头发长得快极了。说 ‘圣诞快乐’吧！吉姆，让我们快快乐乐的。你肯定猜不着我给你买了一件多么好的--多么美丽、精致的礼物啊！”
“你已经把头发剪掉了？”吉姆问道。“剪掉卖了，”德拉说。“不管怎么说，你不也同样喜欢我吗？没了头发，我还是我嘛，对吗？”吉姆四下望望这房间。“你说你的头发没有了吗？”他问道。“别找了，”德拉说“告诉你，我已经卖了--卖掉了，没有啦。这是圣诞前夜，好人儿。好好待我，这完全是由于对你的爱呀。我可以摆晚餐了吗，吉姆？”
吉姆好像醒了。他把德拉紧紧搂在怀里。吉姆从大衣口袋里掏出一个小包，扔在桌上。 “别对我产生误会，德拉”他说道，“无论剪发还是修面，我都以为世上没有什么东西能减少一点点我对妻子的爱情。如果我剃掉胡须，你会停止对我的爱吗？不会，但是你只消打开那包东西，就会明白刚才为什么使我愣头愣脑了。”
德拉解开绳子，打开纸包，紧接着是欣喜若狂的尖叫，然后突然大哭起来。因为摆在桌子上的梳子--全套梳子，那是德拉在百老汇的一个橱窗见过多次的梳子。这些美妙的发梳，纯玳瑁做的，边上镶着珠宝--其色彩正好同她失去的美发相匹配。她明白，这套梳子实在太昂贵，她曾梦想过据为己有。现在，这一切居然属于她了，可她的长发已无影无踪了。不过，她依然把发梳搂在胸前，过了好一阵子才抬起头，微笑着说：“我的头发长得飞快，吉姆！“
随后，德拉跳了起来，叫道，“喔！喔！吉姆还没有瞧见他的美丽的礼物哩。她急不可待地把手掌摊开，伸到他面前，那没有知觉的贵重金属似乎闪现着她的欢快和热忱。 “漂亮吗，吉姆？我搜遍了全城才找到它。把表给我，我要看看它配在表上的样子。’
吉姆非但不按她的吩咐行事，反而倒在睡椅上，两手枕在头下，微微发笑。“德拉，’他说，“让我们把圣诞礼物放在一边保存一会儿吧。它们实在太好了，目前尚不宜用。我卖掉金表，换钱为你买了发梳。现在，让我们忘掉这件事，吃晚饭，好吗？”
合作
我们经常被要求以组为单位进行工作。这是为什么？有必要同别人一起工作吗？你是否觉得自己单独工作更舒服？尤其在学校，有时我们感觉好像是为了团体活动而组织团体活动。但是，现实中，毕业以后，你会发现，在很多领域里几乎所有的工作都是如此完成的。学校生活只不过是为将来的工作做准备的。
团队就是一群在一起的个体，他们在一起是为了完成小队中任何一个成员都无法单独有效地完成的任务。小组可以是暂时的也可能是长久的。
我们大家都熟悉的是体育运动队。运动队是由一些队员组成的，他们通常的目标就是通力合作赢得比赛。不同的队员可能有不同的技术。尽管教练不算作队员，但是他的角色是讨论比赛策略，决定小组组合。只有当所有的组员合作的都好时，运动队才会做的很好。小组内的氛围影响整个队的表现。组内的关系很重要，组员们不一定都是朋友，但是另一方面，他们应该彼此尊重。让组员们感到他们中的每一个都作出了相同的贡献，并且他们相互帮助和支持是很重要的。
在运动队中，每个队员都有明确的责任，并且很少有队员对自己的责任迷惑或不确定的时候。队员们的责任被认可，并且与每项职责相关的期望和责任没有抵触。但是在学校为完成任务而组成队伍时，我们几乎意识不到这一点。
在学校以组进行活动为更好的学习合作提供了机会。小组活动使我们意识到了最适合于我们每个人的任务。实践也让我们学到与别人相处的经验。他告诉我们别人的职责如何适应整体的目标，并且它教会我们学会如何富有耐心和如何对待不同的人。
正如运动队一样，团队只有在全体成员相互尊重、相互帮助和支持的时候才能成功，而分工明确，每个成员就会在最适合于他或她的职位上发挥充分。但是工程队要求的不同于一支橄榄球队。
团队需要领导，需要出主意的人、完善主意的人和评价并且帮助改善计划的人。团队也需要识别问题和提出问题建议的人。在小队中，队员会依据个性兼顾责任。富有行动和想法的人经常给该队伍注入能量，而善于听和善于评价的人经常关注随之而来的程序。一些人善于评估，而其他人则擅长在激烈的讨论中协调争端和维护和平。
规章制度帮助团队正常运作，但是我们应该反对团体的官僚作风。在团队中我们也得考虑每个队员如何尽最大努力。一些队员能单独出色地完成任务，而其他人只有在团队中才能发挥最好。团队中任务的分配要靠队员的性格和能力进行。
在一个强有力的队中，不同性格的人合作融洽。实际上，他们的不同就是团队的强大力量所在。为了跟同学合作得最融洽，了解他们的优缺点是非常重要的。了解别人的缺点能帮我们避免使别人尴尬。
了解了别人的个性和能力，你就认识了这个人很多。缺乏对人与人之间处理问题的方法不同这一观点的认识就会导致在教室、车间和家里的误解、矛盾和精力的浪费。理解就意味着我们能在队员间建立起坚固友好的关系，并且充分发挥彼此的才能。
学习一门外语：需要两倍努力？
学习语言显然不仅仅是记住单词、短语和结构。当我们学习母语时，我们确实也没得到非常正式的指导。很少父母给他们的孩子上语言课！相反我们通过与我们周围的那些人进行交流来学习并掌握母语。但是通过这种交流怎么可能使我们学会全部语音、单词、语法规则和结构呢？并且，最让人不解的是，我们怎样才能领会我们听到的并且把“好”的语言和那些错误区分开来呢？
语言专家有不同的答案。有些专家认为我们有学习语言的特殊能力，而且我们的大脑会自动调节，去接受我们出生地的语言文化。还有人认为我们学习语言正如我们学习其他技能，例如走路、解决问题等，我们天生具有学习和适应的能力，而不是大脑中有学习语言的专门区域。不管他们的理论怎样，这些语言专家确实同意现实生活就是一所非常成功的语言学校：事实上每个人都学会了使用一种并且在5岁以前已经掌握学校使用一种语言的基础了。
学校一门外语不同于学习一个人的母语。外语学习通常在学校进行，很少有机会和讲这门语言的人进行交流。我们学习一门外语比我们学习我们的母语要快得多。对你来说这可能不真实--想到学习英语你已经花费的长时间的艰苦努力！一旦你更进一步考虑这种情况，你将意识到情况的确如此：当你学习你的母语时，你花费你所有不睡觉的时间来和周围的人进行交流；换句话说，你整日学习它！你这样学习了五年，那是相当长的时间。如果你花费一样的时间来学习英语，你将取得很大的进步。当我们学习一门外语时，我们也得到许多帮助。在学习过程中，有教科书、教师和同班同学来指导和帮助我们，并且我们能更多地了解学习方法和技能。那表明我们能够学得更好。
那么为什么一些人比其他人擅长学习外语呢？研究已经表明成功的语言学习者确实有相当多的特性。此外，数据表明成功的语言学习者的共同点就是他们明确自己的思想、对世界充满好奇、有冒险的愿望和对自己的能力充满信心。为了处理学术难题，成功的语言学习者也会使用不同的学习方法。
因为他们善于计划和评价他们的学习，所以成功的语言学习者能获得信心并且能轻松愉快地学习。随着对成功的渴望日益强烈，积极的学习者能更快地获得新技能并且更充分地利用他们所学的知识。因此，他们在阅读理解、词汇学习、写和说等领域做得较好。学习者越不紧张，越能放松自己，学习语言的效果越好。自信、有把握的学生往往是更成功的语言学习者。他们更愿意冒险并且把自己放在新的学习环境中。如果不是这样，他们将不愿做新的试验而犯错误，所有这些将有助于他们增强学习的能力。
学习的目的也是重要的。不是我们所有人都想要当翻译或者口译人员。大多数人学英语只是为了日常应用。与其他人相比较，一些人或许有更多的兴趣和更高的能力，但是那不意味着我们不能发现更好的方法。学习一种语言需要耐心。如果我们想要成为成功的语言学习者，我们应采用如上所述的一些学习习惯和特点。如果我们改进我们的学习技能，我们可能会发现学习一门外语不必付出学习我们母语双倍的努力，而实际上是双倍的容易并且有很多乐趣。
圣诞节颂歌（1）
E:Bob, 你在那里做什么？
B:我在暖手，Scrooge 先生。这里太冷了。
E:我每周付给你十五先令是让你来暖手的吗？
B:我快冻僵了，Scrooge 先生。看窗子上的霜。我的手冻得不能写了。我甚至连自己写的东西都认不出来了。
E:太冷了不能写！鬼话！如果你努力工作，你就不会冷。穿上你的大衣，如果我再听到你说一句话，你将去一个真正冷的地方。
(Bob想借蜡烛暖他的手)
B:对不起，Scrooge先生，呃……明天是圣诞节。
E: 那又怎样？你明天该不是想要休假吧/
B:如果方便的话，先生。
E:不方便，而且也不公平。你一天不干活我还要付你一天的工钱。
B: 一年就一次圣诞节，Scrooge先生。
E: 每年的12月2 5日从人家兜里往外掏钱，这是站不住脚的借口！好吧，那你就休假吧，但是你得保证第二天一大早就到办公室！噢，谁来了？是我的侄子Fred.
(一个年轻人进来)
R:圣诞愉快，叔叔！上帝保佑你！
E:嗯！鬼话！
F:叔叔，圣诞节会是鬼话吗？我相信你不是那个意思！
E: 我就是这个意思。圣诞快乐！你凭什么快乐，你这么穷？
F: 那么，什么原因让你不快乐，你这么富有？
E: 嗯！鬼话！
F: 求你了，叔叔，这很不友好。
F: 侄子，你用你自己的方式庆祝圣诞节，我用我的方式庆祝它！
E: 庆祝它！但是你并没有庆祝它。
F:没有。我们先别谈这件事。但愿你会从中得到很多好处！
但是你必须承认迤今为止你还没有！看你有多穷！
F: 有很多事情我从中受益虽然并没有给我到来利润。圣诞节是一个好机会。这是这一年里唯一的好时机，人不再光想着自己，所有人都敞开心扉并且也替别人考虑。因此，虽然它从未把金子或者银子放在我的口袋内，但是我相信它已经对我有好处，而且将来也会。我说，上帝保佑它！来吧！明天与我们共进晚餐。
（Bob鼓掌。）
E: 快停止你那愚蠢的掌声！让我从你那里听到另一种声音，你将通过失去工作来庆祝圣诞节!
(Fred离开。一位绅士进来)
G：Scrooge & Marley事务所吧。您是Scrooge还是Marley先生？
E: Scrooge只是个名字。我的合伙人在7年以前的这个晚上死了。
G：在这一年的节日里，在我们中许多人享受舒适与安逸的时候，Scrooge先生，我们希望您能向受苦受难的穷人们敞开心扉。那么多人无法得到基本的生活需要；数以十万人需要基本的生存条件，先生。
E: 难道没有监狱吗？也没有联合劳工作坊吗？
G：监狱有的是，但是那里没有温暖。我们正筹款打算为穷人买一些肉和喝的东西，而且让他们住得暖和些。您希望做点贡献吗？
E:不，我不能使无所事事的人欢乐。监狱那样的地方花费像我这样的诚实纳税人的钱已经太多了，那些穷人应该去那里。
G：很多人不能去那里；很多人宁愿死也不去。
E: 那就去死吧，如果他们愿意。就个人来说，我不关心。这与我没有关系。我个人的事已经够忙的了。下午好，先生们！（他们全部离开。）好！都走了。
（Scrooge入睡了。）
S:嗬，嗬，嗬！
E:坏蛋！Bob，是你吗？是谁在那里？
S:咳！Scrooge，我尊敬的先生。就咱们两个。
E:你是谁？你是干什么的？算了吧，该下班了。
S:事关你的幸福，我亲爱的Scrooge！不要担心时间。我们有足够的时间。嗬，嗬，嗬！
E:骗子。我不相信圣诞老人。让我一个人呆着！
S:你一直都是一个人。还记得你的梦吗，Scrooge？想想你的未来吧。
E:（惊恐的）你知道我的梦吗？
S:嗬，嗬，嗬。我太了解人的梦了，Scrooge.过来，我要给你看看。
到西部去
1845年的春天，我父亲读了一本关于加利福尼亚的书。这篇关于落基山山脉以外的那片神奇土地的描述使他萌生了移居到那里的想法。不到半年之后，我们把所有的行李搬上马车，离开了我们的农场。决定带走什么和留下什么不是件容易的事情。到十月中旬，我们开始了一次跨越大陆的旅行--大约历时一年，历经2500多英里。和我们同路的还有很多其他家庭。大部分马车是由牛来拉的，但我们的是马。
我们旅行经过四个州后，决定先度过冬天再继续前行。到了春天，我们继续往西走。我们的第一个目的是堪萨斯州的印第安克里克，这里当时还是边疆地区。这是所以西行的人们碰面的地方。1846年4月12日是我们大家决定准备出发的日子。我们又和45辆马车一起出发了。
我们白天赶路。晚上，我们点燃篝火，让马车围在篝火的周围。我们穿过了位于这块大陆中心的山脉和沙漠，这是一次非常有挑战性的旅行。有时，再没有路的地方，我们不得不抬起或者拉着马车。穿过沙漠，我们来到了盐湖谷，对我们来说那是非常美丽的地方。我们沿着盐湖周围的路走了不久就来到了盐湖沙漠。1846年11月4日，我们进入了沙漠地区，但很快就迷路了。我们在没有水喝，动物没有草吃的情况下又走了大约90公里。我们称之为“长途跋涉”。土地干燥而贫瘠。地图上标明的水域结果是咸水塘，不能喝。我们无法驾着马车，只能在它们旁边走。大部分路程，我都要背着只有四岁的小儿子。牛群又累又饿。它们拖着腿，因为太疲劳而拖不动重物。因为严重缺水，它们的舌头伸在外面。但是，我们的水实在太少了，不敢分给它们喝。由于动物们实在拉不动马车了，我们只好焚调马车，把行李装在牛身上。现在我们需要再徒步行走500公里。
几个星期以来，我们已经习惯了看到马和牛，习惯了炎热、饥渴和饥肠辘辘的感觉。现在事情更加糟糕。绵延几英里，路的两旁到处都是动物的尸体和被遗弃的马车。其中还有凌乱的散落的链子、枪、工具、床、衣服和很多其他物品。主人已丢弃了一切，匆匆赶路，以保住性命。大家都急切地想到达安全地带，途中没有人停下来寻求帮助。事实上，当时的情景如此让人绝望，大部分情况下，没有人能够帮助其他人。每个人所能做的事情就是保住自己和动物的性命。我们称之为死亡谷。
我筋疲力尽，只得跪到地上，四肢着地，在沙上爬行。有个年轻人建议我和孩子们停下来，等待救助。我明白他的意思。我站起来说“不！我不会放弃！”我知道放弃便意味着沙漠里多出一个浅浅的小坟堆。
圣诞节的凌晨三点钟，我们到达了沙漠的边缘。牲畜们几乎都在奔跑。它们一定是嗅到了水的气息。不久，我们就来到了一条流水淙淙的小溪旁。当地的农民惊奇地瞪着我们。他们几乎无法相信眼前的景象：一群看起来像活骷髅一样的人们。我们看到满是肥壮牛马的山谷，以为来到了恩许之地。我们苦难的日子终于结束了！
广告
在我们的城市广告随处可见--它们在电视、收音机上广播，粘贴在因特网上，印在报纸和海报上。广告业是高度发展的行业。无线电、电视、电影、杂志和报纸的发展同广告业的发展是齐头并进的。
人们对广告的态度并不一样。有人觉着广告很有用，而且很有趣。也有人对广告很反感。捍卫广告的人认为，广告介绍优质产品，给消费者提供有价值信息，有助于消费者作出判断。另一方面，批评者有时指责公司滥用广告，误导消费者，让我们相信某种其实很一般的产品有多么好或购买某种产品会令人更加愉快等。
广告的原理十分简单。把一个品牌介绍给潜在的顾客，使产品与需要相配和，这样公司就可以影响顾客的选择。由于消费者每天接触大量的广告，广告人必须十分努力才可以灌输自己的信息（给别人）。正因如此，公司往往花费巨资聘用广告人。接近消费者的最后机会是投合消费者的情感需要。这样，卖掉的好像不是一件产品，而是卖掉了金钱所买不到的东西，譬如爱，幸福与成功。
广告对公司和消费者产生作用通过好几种方式。事实一再证明，频繁的广告提升了销售量，从而导致了产量的提高，因此导致了价格的下降。所以广告不但没有使产品变得更贵，反而使产品变得便宜了。广告也会帮助消费者在琳琅满目的商品中作出选择。在购买一件昂贵的商品--譬如一辆车或一台电脑时我们往往要考虑许多因素，这时广告会帮助我们作出正确的决定。
或许广告最重要的功能就是介绍新产品。忠实的广告会提供好的信息帮助消费者判断他们是不是需要某件广告中的产品。通过介绍产品特点、功能、耗资以及服务，广告还可以使消费者在走进商场以前对产品的价格和质量进行比较。在掌握了一些事实和数字以后，消费者才能更好地应对伶牙俐齿的销售人员。
不是所有广告都用来促销产品或者提升公司业绩。政府也会利用广告使民众了解社会问题和政府的方针政策。一些救助组织常常指定某位名人作为自己的代言人来宣传自己的宗旨。譬如，联合国选择足球明星罗纳尔多，歌星Tetsuya Komuro以及其他一些名人作为特使向公众宣传自己的计划。政府的其他一些非赢利机构还利用广告技术来普及知识、影响公众的态度取向以及改良社会。
有一些广告就不是那么有帮助。这些“坏广告”利用非法手段误导消费者。识别一个坏广告不是很容易，但总有一些蛛丝马迹可以追寻。首先，我们要时刻留意那些“隐藏信息”。有些广告把很重要的信息隐藏在很小的字体下面或者用色彩掩饰着。还有些广告通过半真半假的图片或者为了看上去更吸引人而改动图片从而来误导我们。在一则所谓的“诱骗销售法”的广告中就使用了类似的伎俩：展示给顾客的是一种产品，买到的却是另外一种。
没有明显的证据表明广告的用处到底有多大，但是广告对于厂家和消费者却很重要。好的广告有助于公司推销新产品，提高销售量。如果广告提供准确的信息，则有助于大众消费者以最优的价格买到合适的产品。由于广告的巨大影响加上厂家的蓄意误导，我们对待广告要特别小心。如果我们不能辨别真假，我们就正好中了圈套。反过来讲，如果我们学会辨别，我们就会保护自己不受虚假广告的欺骗从而作出明智的选择。
1. 在1951年，吉尼斯啤酒厂当时的厂长休-毕沃先生想要解决关于欧洲最快的鸟的争论。和他的朋友们交谈后，他认定能回答这样一些问题的书可能会受欢迎。吉尼斯公司聘用诺里斯和罗斯-麦科沃写了一本后来成为吉尼斯记录的书。第一版在1955年出版，从那以后一直是一本最畅销的书。
2. 每年送来6,000多个记录，但它们不能都出版。然而编辑们记下这些记录，并以其他方式继续了解情况。这些记录被分成不同的目录。《吉尼斯世界大全》关于人体的篇章、令人惊叹的伟绩篇章、自然世界篇章、科学技术篇章、艺术和媒体篇章、现代社会篇章、旅游和交通篇章以及体育和娱乐篇章。你可以了解到年纪最大的人是一个活了122年164天的妇女，最长的胡须长达1.6米，最长的毒蛇有5.71米长。书中还有令人不可思议的记录，如一个英国人头顶重159.6公斤的小汽车长达33秒钟。
3. 书中也有一些中国记录，例如，天安门广场是世界上最大的广场，占地大约40公顷。中国的医院数量昌世界上最多的，乌鲁木齐是离海最远的城市，离最近的海岸2,500公里。在庆祝香港回归中国时创了一个特别的美味的记录，做了世界上最大的一个饺子，饺子重得惊人，为480公斤。
4. 许多在《吉尼斯世界记录大全》的记录来自世界体育。在许多杰出的体育成就中，一些记录尤为突出，因为记录的背后有感人的故事。吉尼斯世界记录，在环法自行车大赛平均最快的速度是由美国自行车运动员兰斯-阿姆斯特朗创下的，虽然这个记录令人难忘，但阿姆斯特朗与疾病抗争的故事比这更令人瞩目。在，阿姆斯特朗，世界排名第一的自行车运动员被确诊患有癌症，许多人认为这意味着他运动生涯的尽头。然而在阿姆斯特朗返回世界赛场。他继续创下了速度记录，实现了他连续6次获得环法自行车赛冠军的目标。
5. 为什么人们对世界记录这么感兴趣？我们感兴趣的部分原因也许是和使得Hugh先生率先写了《吉尼斯世界记录大全》一样的好奇心。我们想知道什么是可能的，我们能够推进多远。显而易见，一些奇妙的、不同寻常的行为和事实叙述使我们快乐。无论我们是亲自破记录，还是欣赏阅读有关别人的夺冠壮举，《吉尼斯世界记录大全》都算得上是一本有趣的书籍。
6.任何人都能努力创记录。然而，有些记录这书不接受。任何对自己或他人有危险的记录都是不允许收入的，如果你想创记录，你应该首先与吉尼斯记录大全联系，编辑将判定你的想法是否合适，然后将你所需要申请记录的规则和表格寄给你。以后如果一切顺利的话，吉尼斯官员将来检验你有尝试。如果能成功，吉尼斯官员会证实你的记录，你会得到《吉尼斯世界记录大全》的证书，说明你是世界记录保持者。
Unit 2 reaching out across the ocean跨越大洋
贸易和好奇常常构成了人类巨大努力的基础。对于早起文明的人们来说，世界地图是一个困惑。马可波罗的故事激励了可里斯托弗.哥伦布和其他的欧洲探险家去探索能到达遥远、富饶的亚洲大陆的海上航线。然而，之前很久，勇敢的商人是真正的西部海洋的探险者。
众所周知，很早很早以前，非洲就与印度和红海文明有联系。中国的丝绸沿丝绸之路运往印度、中东和罗马去交换香料和玻璃--这些在中国根本没人知道的东西。沿印度洋海岸也有丝绸贸易。锡兰，凭借其中心位置，成为中国商人会见阿拉伯商人和了解西方先进科技文化的地方。因此，汉朝人了解非洲并且有书籍描述了红海和非洲沿岸国家。公元，甘英，一位中国大使，从陆路到东罗马并且把一位非洲国王所赠的礼物--犀牛角带回到洛阳。在以后的几百年间，索马里王国以及非洲沿海的岛屿发展成为世界贸易中心，主要经营象牙、香料、犀牛角、贝壳、动物皮毛和糖。这些物品远销到阿拉伯国家、埃及、希腊、罗马、印度、锡兰和中国的商人手中。这些阿拉伯人与非洲海岸国家的接触未后来一位中国人和黑人的会谈准备了条件。公元751年，中国的旅行家--杜环被阿拉伯军队所俘虏。他逃跑了，在经历了阿拉伯国家的长途跋涉之后，于公元762年乘小船回到祖国。回国后，他写了《经行记》，讲诉了中亚、阿拉伯以及非洲国家的情况。在十一世纪，非洲人曾几次通过海路到达宋朝王宫。这是非洲人开始了解中国的一次大发展。在非洲发现的最早 亚洲文化遗产也是从这一时期开始的。一个小青铜狮子塑像已经在尚加的索马里城发现了。还没有类似的东西在东非被发现。中国和非洲几个世纪的接触让双方知道了彼此的存在，但当时还没有精确的地图描述印度洋周围的国家。到了15世纪除，召开了一次大型会议的时机已经成熟。东非沿岸城市正鼎盛时期。而在东方，中国在一个新的朝代的统治下也繁荣起来了。明朝政府拥有一只强大的海军并且也有发挥这只海军作用的想法。从14到1433年，7艘大型的珠宝商船到东方进行贸易和探险航行。在郑和的带领下，这个船队从中国南海出发，跨越印度洋到达红海口，然后继续向南，结果发现了非洲东海岸。郑和常常被成为“中国的哥伦布”。郑和增进了和非洲东部海岸国家的联系。非洲国王送给明朝皇帝一个皇室的礼物：两只长颈鹿。这个精美的礼物和与非洲王室的接触令中国人对非洲如此好奇，以至于郑和给那个国王和别的非洲国家送信，邀请他们派大使并在明朝首都--北京开办大使馆。这些非洲国王很慷慨，他们给明朝皇帝送来了斑马、长颈鹿、贝壳、大象象牙和犀牛角药品。作为往来，明朝皇帝给他们送去了金子、香料、丝绸和各种别的礼物。这种礼物的交换的象征意义远远重于这些物品价值本身。通过和这个船队的贸易，非洲国王开始表示对中国皇帝的友谊。这个船队在结束探险之前或许是为了经济原因进行了几次远征。短期内，中国成为海上霸主。1433年以后，明朝意识到国内存在着巨大的机遇和挑战。
Unit 3 the portrait of a nation
一个国家的描述
现代的澳大利亚是由六个州和两大区组成的：西澳洲、南澳州、昆士州、新南威尔士州、维多利亚州、塔斯马尼亚州，澳大利亚首都区和北部区。澳大利亚有很多大洋环绕着：西边有印度洋，南边有南印度洋，东北部是太平洋。澳大利亚的最大城市是悉尼，但是首都是堪培拉，堪培拉位于悉尼和墨尔本之间。澳大利亚的国旗未英国国旗图案并带有一颗最大的七角星。七角星中的六个角象征组成澳大利亚联邦的六个州，第七个角代表联邦区（北部地区和首都直辖区）。国旗上其他小星代表南十字星座（是南天小星座之一，星座虽小，但明亮的星很多）--那是一组映在南方天空的星星，人们可以借助它们找到南极。
最初的澳大利亚人
澳大利亚是一个古老大陆上的年轻的国家。澳大利亚最早的居民是土著居民和托雷斯海峡的岛上居民。这些人群的祖先早在五万年前就到了澳洲而且创造了复杂的社会。他们的文化发展很快，而且他们与非洲人及其他一些邻近地区有强大的连结。一些澳大利亚土著人仍然过着和他们的祖先一样的生活方式而其他的一些则生活在城市里、城镇上和农村。
一个罪犯的国家？
七世纪，欧洲探险者开始到达这块大陆。西班牙人、葡萄牙人、荷兰人和后来的英国船只到达了塔斯马尼亚州的北海岸和西海岸。1770连，詹姆斯。库克船长进行了一次科学考察旅行，声称这个大陆的东海岸属于不列颠王国。后来美国独立战争使得英国不能向北美输送囚犯，澳大利亚也就被选为一个新的囚犯和罪犯流放地。1788年，第一批流放犯人的11艘船到达澳大利亚。英国总督登陆的日期是1月26日，也就是现在的澳大利亚日。在随后的80年里，大约有16万囚犯被流放到澳大利亚。这些新来的移民改变了这里的管理方式，引进了对澳大利亚生态系统有害的动植物。结果，原始澳大利亚受到了伤害。很多土著人和岛上居民被剥夺了土地搬走了。
另一个新大陆：一个国家的诞生
二十世纪早期，澳大利亚和十八世纪的美国一样：她是一个没有统治阶级的“新世界”。19，澳大利亚联邦组成了。这个机构管理着规定人都是平等自由的六个州，解释他们自己的人权，描述新的政府。当地的土著人和非欧洲人不能享有平等的权利。直到很多年后，澳大利亚才学会了尊重土著人并且承认一个不同社会的重要性。
第一次世界大战对澳大利亚有很大的影响。战后，这个国家经历了社会和经济的动荡不安局面，遭受了二十世纪三十年代的萧条。第二次世界大战以后，澳大利亚开始把自己变成了一个和今天一样的现代化国家。经济增长了，澳大利亚从移民中受益匪浅。在二次世界大战后的五十年里，大约200这个国家的人民迁到了澳大利亚。在二十世纪六十年代后期，这个国家也开始改变对待当地土著人的态度，政府通过了法律来加强当地土著人和岛上居民的权利并且改善他们的生活条件。
讲澳大利亚语言？一切良好！
英语是澳大利亚的官方语言。澳大利亚英语在发音与英国英语和美国英语不同，其中，在澳大利亚用的一些词汇与你在英语课堂上学的完全不同。澳大利亚人喜欢他们的语言并喜欢用它开玩笑。“No worries”在澳大利亚语中意为”everything is OK”. “mate”通常意为“friend”或”companion”,但可以跟任何人说。“Sheila”是“女子”，“outback”是指“未开垦的土地”，“billabong”是干河道，uni是大学，而go walk about 则指到灌木丛中闲逛。而一些土著人的语言已经不被人所知，人们正在努力去保护和记录他们说留下的。大概澳大利亚英语最著名的例子可能就是客人到澳大利亚一定会听到的友好的“G’day mate”.
蜜蜂的语言
有很多不同种类的蜂，有些群居，像蜜蜂，它们在树上或岩洞里筑巢，另一些则在地下的洞里居住，也有一些根本就不群居。在不同种类的蜂中，只有蜜蜂最能引起科学家的兴趣，这在于它们相互交流所用的语言。1851年现代蜂箱的出现使设计研究蜜蜂语言的实验成为可能。
卡尔.冯.弗里士教授是一位奥地利科学家，他一生中花费了多年研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂房里是怎样以很巧妙的方式传递信息的。从事多年的蜜蜂研究之后，卡尔.冯.弗里士教授对一再观察到的某一现象感到很纳闷。当他把一小叠一小叠的蜜放在桌上后，蜜蜂不一会儿就来了。一旦有一只蜜蜂发现了蜜，没多久便飞来了许多蜜蜂。看来一只（发现了食物的）蜜蜂能把食物的信息传递给蜂箱里的其他蜜蜂。这是怎样做到的呢？为了弄清情况，冯.弗里士制作了几个特殊的蜂箱，每个蜂箱里面只放一个蜂窝，蜂箱的一面是透明的，他可以透过透明的墙观察蜜蜂在里面的活动情况，为了便于区别，他在一些蜂的身上点上颜色。
当一只带有标记的蜜蜂从喂食的桌上飞回蜂箱时，冯.弗里士就通过玻璃进行观察。使他惊讶的是，这只蜜蜂在蜂窝上面跳起舞来。它先向右转一圈，再向左转一圈。它这样一遍一遍地转圈。情况还不仅如此，这种舞蹈似乎使周围的蜜蜂兴奋起来。它们成群地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的动作，然后离开蜂箱飞到喂食处去了。这种圆圈舞好像传递了有关食物的信息。可是它还传递什么别的信息吗？
冯.弗里士设想这种舞传递了更多的信息。为了查明这一设想正确与否，他设了两个喂食点，一个靠近蜂箱，另一个在很远之外，相隔树林。他给所有来到近处喂食点的蜜蜂都点上蓝色，给所有飞到远处喂食点的蜜蜂都点上红色。当蜜蜂返回蜂箱时，冯.弗里士看到了一种奇妙的景象，所有到过近处喂食点的蜜蜂都跳着圆圈舞，所有到过远处喂食点的蜜蜂都跳着一种完全不同的舞--摆尾舞。跳舞的蜜蜂沿着一条直线跑，腹部左右摆动，然后它转半个圈，再沿直线跑，又向另一边转半个圈。它一遍一遍得重复着这些“舞步”。现在事情很明白了，很明显圆圈舞告诉蜜蜂喂食点的位置。也很明显蜜蜂移到一侧的摆尾舞含有关于喂食点另外的信息。
接着，冯.弗里士和他的同事们在靠近蜂箱的地方设置了一个喂食点，然后他们把喂食点慢慢往远处移动。回到蜂箱处，他们便仔细观察摆尾舞。他们用跑表计算蜜蜂在一分钟内重复舞蹈的次数。他们发现喂食点越远，舞就跳得越慢。于是另一个惊人的事实是显露出来，每分钟摆尾舞的次数说明了到喂食点的准确距离。他们还发现蜜蜂从蜂箱到喂食点的最大飞行距离是3.2公里。
对于冯.弗里士教授和他的同伴来说下一步的问题就是查出蜜蜂是否能彼此告诉喂食点的精确位置。例如蜜蜂是否有可能交流一些像方位北、南、西南、东南等精确的细节呢？为了回答这个问题，冯.弗里士教授和他的同伴们将必须获取足够的数据去提供一份有关蜜蜂行为的充分的资料。设计了更多的实验后，他们便能弄清蜜蜂互传寻找食物信息的过程了。
当蜜蜂发现了一个喂食点，他们从蜂箱直接飞去，片刻后一群蜜蜂就像一条溪流一样来回于喂食点和蜂箱之间。几个世纪之前就出现了“bee-line”这个词，现在”to make a beeline for someone or something”这种表达的意思是沿着直线迅速地去某处。
他一生的时间都花在了研究动物的交际上，包括蜜蜂在内。1973年，卡尔.冯.弗里士与另外两位科学家共同活动了诺贝尔奖。他死于1982年。
月亮宝石
《月亮宝石》这部小说是以1848年的英国为背景写的，但真实的故事发生在此前50年。月亮宝石是一块巨大的黄颜色的宝石，曾经是印度一座月神雕像的一部分。一个英国人谋杀了三名教士，从神殿里偷出宝石并带回伦敦。当他姐姐听说了此事之后，再也不跟他说话了。宝石被诅咒了，这个人也过着没有亲人和朋友的哀伤寂寞的生活。在他去世的时候，作为一种报复，他把月亮宝石留给了自己姐姐的女儿--雷切尔，同时也把坏的运气传给她。雷切尔将在自己18岁生日的宴会上收到月亮宝石作为礼物。
雷切尔.柯林斯是一个漂亮、富有的年轻女士。她跟自己的母亲和几个仆人住在英国北部的一所华美的房子里。在生日的前一天，她跟自己童年的伙伴弗兰克林.布莱尔一起在起居室的一扇门上画花鸟，他们一起做得很开心并且在雷切尔生日的当天完成了绘画。弗兰克林是一个抽烟的人，但他对雷切尔非常体贴。仆人们认为他为了让雷切尔高兴而把烟戒掉的行为是他爱上了雷切尔的证据。
月亮宝石是雷切尔生日晚会上最叹为观止的礼物。所有的客人都惊叹它的尺寸和罕见的美丽。但从雷切尔把它系到连衣裙的那一刻起，事情便开始变得不对劲了。是巧合还是月亮宝石的坏运气导致了紧张的气氛以及晚上奇怪事情的发生呢？
首先，其中的一个客人--戈弗雷向雷切尔求婚，但是她拒绝了。戈弗雷是一个优雅成功的单身男子，有着众多的女性追求者。晚餐后，弗兰克林提到自从戒了烟后他便一直休息不好，一位本地的坎迪医生主动提出要给他开个药方。弗兰克林回答说医生无非是凭猜想来开药方，这让坎迪医生十分恼怒。最后，一些穿着不寻常的外国服饰的印度人进来为客人表演，但是他们的表演很不专业而且行为怪异。
晚会的最后客人们都离开了，剩下弗兰克林和戈弗雷留下过夜。睡觉前雷切尔把宝石放到了起居室橱柜的一个抽屉里，但第二天早晨宝石不见了。被丢失了这样一件贵重的宝石所困扰，雷切尔的妈妈雇佣了著名的侦探--卡夫巡佐来侦察这起偷窃案。随着故事的发展，我们发现了当晚在场的人的一些秘密以及他们可能偷走宝石的原因。
首先，卡夫巡佐怀疑是印度人。他发现他们并不是真正的表演者，而是虔诚的月神的追随者。他们在世界各地寻找月亮宝石，等待一个机会把它重新带回印度。侦探猜测是不是他们把月亮宝石藏在屋里的什么地方，等到每个人都睡着了，然后把它偷走。
他继续询问有关晚会的问题，知道了弗兰克林和坎迪医生的争吵。他也听说了戈弗雷在向雷切尔求婚遭到拒绝后非常失望。坎迪医生或者戈弗雷会拿走宝石作为丢脸的报复吗？
仆人们也有机会偷走宝石。卡夫巡佐发现一个叫罗萨那的女仆在雷切尔的妈妈给她这个工作之前是个小偷。其他的仆人说她最近被发现在自己的房间里忙着做什么事一直到很晚，而且经常自己一个人散步。罗萨那也非常喜欢弗兰克林。侦探坚信她要么是“旧病”复发偷走了宝石，要么想在雷切尔和弗兰克林之间制造矛盾。
最后他考虑到雷切尔和弗兰克林。雷切尔非常顽固地抵制他关于月亮宝石的询问，甚至到了好像她不想让这个秘密被揭开的地步。是她自己偷走了宝石吗？也许她有需要偿还的债务。弗兰克林，跟她相反，给了侦探尽可能多的帮助。为什么在这个明显让雷切尔厌烦的侦察中他却表现得这样热情呢?
卡夫巡佐有一个致命的线索。他在雷切尔起居室的门还没有干的颜料上面发现了晚会的时候并不存在的污点。有罪的人的衣服上一定会有污迹。如果他找到了带有污迹的衣服，他就找到了小偷。那么是谁偷走了月亮宝石呢？
Teaching Aims:
I. Words and expressions:
inch be proud of;
fortunate ache box(v.) Greek require aim kindergarten clothing collar judge clap glance victory gain fellow delighted cheer friendship;
gymnastics gymnast gym bar supermarket Berlin body-building Sweden balance backwards physical fully neatly steady keep one’s balance beam handstand mat trainer lose one’s voice.
II. Everyday English:
What can I do for you? How can I help you?
There’s something wrong with… Where does it hurt?
I feel terrible/I don’t feel well. I’ve got a pain here.
My…hurts. /I hurt my… I’ve got a headache and a cough.
I’ve got a temperature. Let me take a look at it/you.
It’s nothing serious.
Do this treatment twice a day for a week.
Take this medicine /two pills three times a day.
What seems to be the matter?
It’ll/You’ll be all right/well/better soon
III. Grammar:
复习主谓语一致关系及宾语从句的用法.
IV. Language use:
运用所学语言,围绕体操这一题材,完成听,说,写的任务;阅读课文 “Gymnastics”和 “A gymnastics competition”, 认真理解, 增加学生对体操的了解, 并完成有关练习.
Lesson 33
Step 1 Revision
Questions: 1.How many of you do gymnastics?
2.What particular things are you good at?
1. What pieces of equipment do you use in gymnastics?
2. Do men and women, boys and girls do the same kinds of exercises?
Step 2 Presentation
SB Page49, Part1 Introduce the situation
Sharon is a gymnast. She’s at the doctor’s.
Read the dialogue and find the answers to the questions:
1.What’s the matter with Sharon?
She has hurt her shoulder.
2.What does the doctor tell her to do?
The doctor tells her to use a special treatment.
Step 3 Dialogue
Language points:
1.What can I do for you? A set expression often used when someone comes to you for advice. The shopkeepers do not use this, but instead: Can I help you?
2.Let me take a look at your shoulder. take a look
“看一看” take/have a +n. 表示一个短暂的动作. 这个n.是一个有动作含义的名词 eg. take/have a look,
take/have a walk, take/have a rest, take/have a sleep
①She took a look at herself in the mirror.
②Let me have a good look at you , Lucy!
③After work, they took/had a rest.
④Why not go out and take a walk?
3.I knocked into him . = I hit him with my body.
knock into “把…敲入” 如: Can you knock the nail
into the wall?
knock into sb./sth. 撞着某人/某物.
① The boy ran for the ball and knocked into a man.
② He walked in the dark and knocked into a tree.
4.and fell over onto my shoulder: I fell to the ground and
my shoulder hit the floor. fall over “跌交”
①John slipped on a banana skin and fell over.
②He pushed on through the snow. Then he began to
fall over his own feet.
5.Have you ever used…treatment? Have you ever treated
your body by using a hot cloth and a packet of frozen
peas?
6.And so on and so on = repeatedly “就这样反复循环”
但是and so on 译为“等等”
7. not fit to eat: not good enough. be fit for/to do
Step 4 Practice
SB Page49, Part2
Step 5 Workbook
Wb Lesson33,Exx1-3 Try to retell the story about Sharon
Lesson 34
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework exercises.
Step 2 Presentation
SB P50, Part1 Ss talk about the pictures on the front color
page and on P51. Then discuss the two questions.
Step 3 Reading
Ss count the number of paragraphs (6,the last of which
contains 4 numbered sections). Read the passage quickly
and find out what the text is about.(1.history 2.dance 3.
age 4.boys and girls 5.different equipment 6.safety)
Step 4 Reading
Wb Lesson 34, Ex.1 Ss go through the exercises first, then
read the whole passage carefully at last choose the best .
Language points:
1.The Greek language: The word gymnos means naked in
Greek, as athletes and gymnasts didn’t wear any clothes.
Gym is short for gymnastics and also is the word for the
building in which people practise gymnastics.
2.There are also records of gymnastics being performed in China…We have written reports of…
being performed 是动词-ing 形式的被动语态,作定语
-ing 形式的被动语态是由 “being+done” 构成,
eg. being shown/being repaired/being built
①The houses being built by our company will be completed soon.
②The prices of the computers being shown here are
still unknown. -ing 形式的被动语态除了作定语外也可以用作其它成分.
①He didn’t mind being left at home.
②He came here without being asked.
③Being lost can be a terrifying experience.
④At the beginning of school the noise of desks being
opened and closed could be heard out in the street.
3.some other Asian countries: particularly India and Per-
sia (now called Iran).
4.as it prepares you for the types of movements…
prepare sb. for… “使某人对…进行准备”
①The teachers are preparing their students for the term
exams.老师正在指导学生准备学期考试.
②The parents prepared their children for their first day
in school.
③They prepared themselves for the worst.
you is here used impersonally, and there is an exercise on this point in Part 4.
3. perform some of their exercises to music: perform some
of their exercises in time to music.
do sth.to music “伴随音乐做某事”
①They were dancing to light music.
②The students are doing eye exercises to music.
③The dancing performance started to the strains of a folk
song.
4. move neatly and easily: move gracefully and in a con- trolled way, especially while controlling the movement of the head and limbs.(arms and legs)
5. hold a position steady:stay in a position without moving
6. doing a handstand: standing on one’s hands with one’s
feet in the air.
10.double bars: called “parallel bars” by gymnasts
11.a type of “horse” with two hands: called a “pommel
horse” by gymnasts
12.high-and-low bars: called “asymmetric bars”
13.There are… while training. There are some simple pie-
ces of safety advice which you should follow when
practising your gym exercises.
When/while doing/done sth. 此用法要求主,从句的主语
一致. ①When told of the news, she got very excited.
②While wondering about all this, he discovered that his teacher was more serious than ever.
14.Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous:
can 表示一时的情况, “有时候会..” can 的这一用法,只
用在肯定句中.
① The weather in the south is generally warm, but it can
be very cold sometimes.
② Children are lovely, but they can be tiring.
highly adv. in or to a high degree “高度的,” “非常的”
He is a highly skilled worker.
They speak/think highly of him.
Step 5 Note making
MEN WOMEN
1 Floor 1 Floor
2 Horse 2 Horse
3 Rings 3 High- and low bars
4 Double bars 4 Beam
5 High bar
6 Horse with two handles
Step 6 Study SB P51 Part 4 Further examples:
your body/you hold your body/yourself/you take off/
you start/your health/you are unwell.
Step 7 Workbook Wb Lesson34 Exx.2, 3
Step 8 Consolidation Get the Ss to tell each other of their
personal experiences in gym, and any gymnastics events
they have been to or have seen on TV.
Homework
Write the number of each picture next to the correct part of
the text. Finish off the rest of the exercises.
Lesson 35
Step 1 Revision Check the homework exercises.
Step 2 Reading
SB P52 Part 1 Ss read the passage quickly to find the
answers to the following questions:
1. Why was Zhou Lan at a disadvantage, compared with
some of the other competitors?
2. How did she feel before the competition?
3. What kind of person do you think Zhou Lan is?
4. How do you think some of the other girls were feeling
before the competition started?
5. In what way was it clear that she had done well?
For answers, see TB P67
Language points:
1. a Sunday in October: a here means an unspecific day.
2. no more time for talk: no time(to do/for doing/for sth.)
There’s no time to waste. There’s no time for chatting.
I have no time for my studies.
3. They each had to perform…the floor.
They/We each作主语时,each 是同位语, 谓语应和
They/We 一致 They each have a computer on the desk.
We have each written a short article on this subject.
the floor 是指自由体操floor exercises
4. made no serious mistakes: didn’t make any serious mis-
takes.
5. did a neat circle: swung round the bar in a neat way.
6. glanced at: looked quickly at
He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry.
7.They were busy writing: they were writing and were
busy. Eg. She was happy living in the capital.
8.The first thing she did was go up to her trainer and thank her…
主句中的两个表语go up to /thank her for 都省略了to
这是因为主句的主语有定语从句she did 修饰, 一般说来解释do 的精确意思的分句,可以不带to 的动词
不定式. Eg. All I did was (to) give him a little push.
What we want to do now is ( to)lie down and rest.
Step 3 Practice
SB P52, Part 2 Suggested answers see TB P67
SB P53, Part 3 Suggested answers: 1.have just arrived
2.love 3.has 4.are having 5.wants6.aims/aim7.are waiting
Step 4 Practice
SB P53, Part4. Revise object clauses. For answers see TB
P68.
SB P53, Part5. Answers: 1.where 2.what 3.whether
4.how many 5.which 6.how 7.whom 8.when 9.how
Step 5 Workbook Wb Lesson35 Exx.1-3
Homework : Finish off the Workbook exercises.
Lesson 36
Step 1 Revision Check the homework exercises
Step 2 Checkpoint GO through it quickly
Step 3 Word study
SB P54 Part2 Answers: 1.content 2.clapped 3.backwards
5. boxing 5.cheered 6.fortunate 7.glanced 8.proud
9.friendship 10..delighted 11.nod 12.gain
Step 4 Writing Practise indirect speech in a letter format in
a controlled way.
Step 5 Workbook Wb Lesson 36 Exx.1-3
Homework: Finish off the workbook exercises.
Unit 9 Health care
Aims and demands:
1. Get the students to master the important words and phrases in this unit.
2. Improve the students’ reading ability by teaching the texts.
Focus on:
Lay off, to make matters worse, aim at, consult, fee, purchase, vow, care for, be serious about, clean up, at a/the cost, make ends meet, vow
Time Allocations: 3 periods
The First Period
Contents: A HELPING HAND
Teaching steps:
Step 1 Revision
Step 2 Lead-in
Step 3 Fast reading
Read the first and the last two paragraphs of the text and guess the main idea of the whole text.
Step 4 Careful reading
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with one to three words.
The poverty and the poor health care of low-income families The government’s efforts to fight poverty and poor health care
Low-income families cannot afford to pay for 1________, that is to say, they cannot afford to 2 _____a doctor or 3______medicine. ① The government encourages health care form and reduces poverty by designing a health care project which provides poor patients with treatment at 7____or less to help them get treated properly.
② The Chinese government is working with other countries and international organizations to explore and develop a new 8_______ for China.
③ The government encourages people to 9_________ in order that other measures to fight poverty will work.
④ The government has vowed to stop the spread of AIDS by providing free 10_______
Low-income families cannot provide 4___ for their children.
Many low-income families cannot afford to 5_______.
Low-income families live on allowance 6____________.
Keys:1. medical treatment 2. consult 3.purchase/buy 4. a healthy diet 5. purchase medical insurance. 6. given by the government 7. half the cost 8. health care model 9. purchase medical insurance 10. tests and treatment
Step 5 Language points
The First Paragraph:
1. a laid-off worker
Lay off him! Can’t you see he’s badly hurt? ( 不再做打扰人、讨人厌等的事, 不理会)
You must lay off alcohol for a while.(不再做或有害的事物)
They were laid off because of the lack of new orders. lay off (解雇；下岗).
2. to make matters worse: worse still，what’s worse, even worse更虚糟糕的是(可作插入语)，使事情更糟
To make things worse, he had no money with him.
3. take a bank loan
The Second Paragraph:
4. Analyze the sentence “If I had had insurance, …………..else in my family.”(可结合P78语法练习题1讲解)
5. at a/the cost of 以……代价
I had a small room at a cost of fifteen cents per night.
The war was won at a great cost.
We are determined to get our rights at all costs.
The Third Paragraph:
6. aim at
He aimed (his gun)at the target, fired and missed it.(瞄准、对准)
She is aiming at a scholarship. （向某方向努力、力争）
My remarks were not aimed at you.（评论、批评等针对某人）
We must aim at increasing/to increase exports.（意欲、企图、力求做某事）
The Fifth Paragraph:
7. be forced into poverty , fall into poverty, in poverty
8. hospital fees fee n.
1.) (付给律师、医生等的)酬金,服务费[C]
I'm afraid I can't afford the doctor's fee. 恐怕我付不起给医生的酬金。
2.) 费(如学费、会费、入场费等)[C]
They charge a small registration fee. 他们收一点注册费。
3.) 赏金,小帐[C]
vt. 付费(或小帐)给
She feed the waiter. 她付给侍者小费。
9. consult vt.
1.) 与...商量
I'll do nothing without consulting you. 我采取行动之前一定和你商量。
2.) 找(医生)看病;请教
He went to town to consult his doctor. 他进城去看医生。
3.) 查阅(词典、参考书等)
He consulted his notebook repeatedly during his speech. 他讲演时不断看他的笔记本。
Consult/refer to/turn to a dictionary. Look up sth in a dictionary
vi. 1.) 商议,磋商[(+with)]
We will consult together about her education. 我们将一起商议她的教育事宜。
2.) 当顾问[(+for)]
The retired executive consults for several large companies.
那位退休的总裁在好几家大公司当顾问。
10. purchase：buy
11. put extra pressure on the family
Extra lessons on Sundays put more pressure on Liming, who already has pile of homework.
The Seventh Paragraph
12. vow发誓，起誓；swear (swore, sworn) 极其认真、明确或郑重地说或允诺；（使某人）就（某事）宣誓
In order to meet this challenge , the Chinese government has vowed to provide free AIDS tests for the general public as well as free treatment.
She swore that she had never seen it.
Are you willing to swear in court that you saw him do it?
Witnesses have to swear on Bible (to tell the truth).
The Eighth Paragraph
13. care for (its weakest members)
He cares for her deeply. (like or love sb.)
Who cares for him if his wife dies? ( look after, take care of, wait on )
Would you care for a coffee? (wish or like)
I don’t care much for opera.(have a taste or liking for sth/sb)
Don’t you care about this country’s future ?
I don’t care (about)what happens to him.
--Who do you think will be the next Prime Minister? --Who cares?
The last paragraph:
14. be serious about, be curious about, obvious
Are you really serious about him? Do you have sincere affection for him?
Is she serious about learning to be a pilot?
15. get treated/burnt/lost/hurt/drunk/killed/married/excited/paid
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
16. Analyze the last sentence.
Step 6 Homework
Word-study exercises on P 77.
Notes: make ends meet 使收支两抵；量入为出
When his wife was laid off, he found it hard to make ends meet.
The Second Period
Contents: THE LITTLE MOULD THAT COULD
Teaching Steps:
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework
Step 2 Fast reading
Read the title of the passage and put forward the following questions for the Ss to answer after scanning the passage as quickly as possible.
1. What could the little mould do? (The little mould that could treat/cure/fight infection.)
2. who discovered it? When was it discovered? (In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming discovered it)
3. What is its name? (It is called penicillin)
(In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin that could treat/cure/fight infection.)
Step 3 Careful reading
Read the passage carefully and finish Ex 1 (Choose the best answer) on Page 80.
Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C
Step 4 Discussion
Discuss Ex 2(work in pairs) on Page 81. (remind the Ss to pay special attention the words in the box.)
Step 5 Language points
1. suffer deadly infections as a result of operations (Para.1)
2. cure, curable, incurable, treat
3. It was not until after the war that he made his most important discovery.(Para2)
It was not until World War Two that the importance of Fleming’s discovery was fully recognized.(the last para.)
4. clean up (Para. 3), clear up
The workwomen cleaned up (the mess) before they left. （除去垃圾等）
Clean up a room for a party. (打扫干净)
He clean up a small fortune. (挣得，赢得)
I hope it clears up this afternoon (天气转晴)
Has your rash cleared up?（你的皮疹痊愈了吗？）
Please clear up the mess in here before you go. (使整洁，清理)
5. be excited about (Para. 4)
6. belong to (Para. 4)
7. Despite their lack of interest, Fleming kept trying to develop the chemical so that it would be safe and effective. (Para. 4)
8. Explain the last sentence of the whole passage.
Step 6 Homework
1. Write a composition about penicillin in the exercise book (Page 81)
2. Do the exercises about vocabulary on Pages 211~212.
The Third Period
Contents: practice
Teaching Steps:
Step 1 Explain the usages of the following key words:
1. abuse vt.
1.) 滥用,妄用
He abused his power while in office. 他在职时滥用权力。
2.) 辱骂;毁谤
You are always abusing and offending people. 你总是出言不逊得罪人。
3.) 虐待,伤害
Those captives were physically abused. 那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残。
n. 1.) 滥用,妄用[C][U]
There is no freedom that is not open to abuse. 任何自由都可能被滥用。
2.) 辱骂[U]
She greeted me with a stream of abuse. 她一见我就吐出一连串的污言秽语。
3.) 虐待;伤害[U]
Child abuse is widespread in this country. 这个国家虐待孩子的情况很普遍。
2. insurance n.
1.) 保险;保险契约[U] 保险业[U]
I found a job selling insurance. 我找到一份推销保险的工作。
She works in insurance. 她从事保险业。
2.) 保险金额;赔偿金[U][(+on)]
He has $100,000 life insurance, which his wife will receive if he dies first.
他有十万美元的人寿保险,如果他先去世,他的妻子将得到这笔钱。
3.) 预防措施;安全保证[U][S1][(+against)]
I bought some new locks as an additional insurance against burglary.
我买了一些新锁具以进一步防止盗窃。
4.) 保险费[U]
The insurance on my house is very high. 我的房屋保险费很高。
3. allowance n.
1.) 津贴,补贴;零用钱[C]
The child has a weekly allowance of five dollars. 这孩子每星期有五元零用钱。
2.) 分配额;允许额[C]
His allowance for food is $100. 他拨出一百美元用于购买食物。
3.) 承认;允许[U]
the allowance of a claim 对要求权的允准
4.) 认可;容忍[C][U]
the allowance of segregation 对种族隔离的容忍
4. pressure n.
1.) 压;按;挤;榨[U]
The small box was flattened by the pressure of the heavy book on it.
小盒子被这本厚厚的书压扁了。
2.) 压力;压迫;紧迫;催促[U][C]
He works well under pressure. 他在有压力的情况下工作很出色。
3.) 困扰;艰难[U]
These old people are unaccustomed to the pressure of modern life.
这些老人不习惯现代生活的紧张压力。
5. significance n.
1.) 重要性, 重要[U]
The proposals they put forward at the meeting were of little significance.
他们在会上提出的建议无足轻重。
2.) 意义, 含义; 意思[U][S]
He did not understand the significance of my wink. 他没有领会我眨眼的意思。
6.devotion n.
1.) 献身;奉献[U][(+to)]
We appreciated his devotion of time and money to the project.
我们感谢他为这一项目花费的时间和金钱。
His devotion to science is well known. 他对科学的献身精神为人熟知。
2.) 忠诚;挚爱,热爱[U][(+to/for)]
devotion to music 热爱音乐
Step 2 Check and explain the exercises about vocabulary on Pages 211~212.
Step 3 Homework
1. Read the passages again. 2. Learn the language points in this unit by heart.
Unit 9 Health Care 练习
Ⅰ. read the passage on Page 75 and fill in the blanks with one to three words.
The poverty and the poor health care of low-income families The government’s efforts to fight poverty and poor health care
Low-income families cannot afford to pay for 1________, that is to say, they cannot afford to 2 _____a doctor or 3______medicine. ⑤ The government encourages health care form and reduces poverty by designing a health care project which provides poor patients with treatment at 7____or less to help them get treated properly.
⑥ The Chinese government is working with other countries and international organizations to explore and develop a new 8_______ for China.
⑦ The government encourages people to 9_________ in order that other measures to fight poverty will work.
⑧ The government has vowed to stop the spread of AIDS by providing free 10_______
Low-income families cannot provide 4___ for their children.
Many low-income families cannot afford to 5_______.
Low-income families live on allowance 6____________.
Ⅱ.Choose the best answer.
1. Was it because he was ill ____he asked for leave?
A. and B that C that’s D so
2. He ____at mastering French.
A purposes B objects C aims D ends
3. It is not necessary to ____a dictionary whenever you meet with a new word.
A insult B consult C look up D turn for
4. Who is ______starting the bush fire?
A blame B to blame for C blamed D blame for
5. People often want to know what my job is. Often I ____ that question.
A ask B am asking C get asked D get asking
6. If you work hard, you’ll _____a good electronic engineer.
A have B make C turn D learn
7. He is indeed too fat but _____ that he is an excellent dancer.
A. in spite of B as well as C in addition to D owing to
8. If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I wouldn’t _____to you now.
A speak B have spoken C be spoken D be speaking
9. --Who will _____ the farm when you are away?
-- Maybe my father, and maybe my mother. I don’t ______.
A care about, care B care for, care C care about , care for D take care of, care about
9. --I was very lucky, it was only a minor infection and it all ______in a week.
--Congratulations on your recovery.
A cleaned up B cleared up C took up D brought up
10. --Why not _____ till Monday?
--I can’t. I have got to hand it in tomorrow.
A take off B lay off C carry out D leave behind
11. -- I had a small room at the half cost yesterday.
-- That’s really a (n) ________! A sale B fee C allowance D bargain
12. You can’t take her promises _______. She never keeps her word.
A serious B seriously C obviously D curiously
13. Although the working mother is very busy, she still ____ a lot of time to children.
A. devotes B spends C offers D provides
14. --Do you know the time which he devotes ___English in a day reaches 10 hours?
--Yes. I know that the key to his success lies in his devotion to English study.
A to study B to studying C for studying D in studying
15. Mr. Smith used to smoke ____ but he has abandoned it.
A seriously B hardly C badly D heavily
16. It was _____ back home after the experiment.
A. not until midnight did he go C until midnight that he didn’t go
C not until midnight that he went D until midnight that he didn’t go
17. ____has recently been done to provide more buses for the people , a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.
A. That B What C Despite what D Though what
18. These cases show that many complaints do not go _____by the managers of the store, mainly because not all customers report it.
A. recorded B recording C to be recorded D to have been recorded
Ⅱ. Translate the following passage into Chinese and pay attention to the underlined parts.
LiMing was a college student. His family was forced into poverty/fell into poverty. In the first place, his father, who was paid off/lost his job, took a bank loan to pay for their housing. To make matters worse/What’s worse/Worse still, his mother, who didn’t purchase medical insurance, was diagnosed with/came down with/suffered from deadly illness which was infected and couldn’t be cured/treated and he failed to apply for a small allowance again. His heavy school fees put more pressure on his family. He seemed to have no access/chance/opportunity to continue his further education. So he couldn’t help but/had got to quit going to college.
Ⅲ. Cloze test. Choose the best answer.
Two weeks later, the books arrived, 1 with a set of the complete works of Charles Dickens which I had not 2 . So I returned the Dickens books to you, with a 3 for fifteen pounds and fifty pence for the works of Shakespeare. Two more weeks passed. Then there 4 on my door step a second set of the works of Shakespeare, the same set of novels by Dickens and a six-book set of the plays of Moliere, in French. Since I do not read French, these were of no use to me at all. 5 , I could not afford to post all these books back to you, so I wrote to you at the end of August of last year, instructing you to come and 6 all the books that I did not want, and asking you not to send any other books until further 7 .
1. A. along B. coming C. sent D. together
2. A. ordered B. read C. wanted D. been fond of
3. A. letter B. note C. cheque D. price
4. A. came B. arrived C. were D. seemed
5. A. Therefore B. Unfortunately C. However D. Of course
6. A. gather B. take C. collect D. check
7. A. notice B. information C. letters D. print
Aims and demands:
通过本单元教学，学生应能熟练地运用表示“提意见和建议”的常用语；复习宾语；了解毛利人的历史和新西兰的历史、地理及风士人情。
Importance and difficulty:
1. words and expressions:
hand down, sign an agreement with, take a degree, share, times, live, go doing
2. sentences:
A. The language which the Maori speak is related to the languages of Tahiti and Hawaii.
B. This is how they keep their way of life alive.
C. In size it is bigger than Guangdong Province, yet has a much smaller population.
D. Apart from their milk, the wool from their coats is used in expensive clothing.
3. Grammar:
A. The search party found the missing child.
B. I enjoy swimming in summer.
C. I’d like to invite you to my birthday party.
D. I’ll get the letter mailed first.
4. Useful expressions:
A. You’d better ( not )……
B. You should / ought to ……
C. I suggest you ……
D. Shall we……
E. How / what about…….
Lesson 73 The Maori of New Zealand
Aims and demands:
Develop the Ss’ reading and speaking ability.
Importance and difficulty:
Have a good and deeper understanding of the text.
Teaching aid; a tape recorder and some slides
Teaching methods: reading
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Presentation
Find out how much the Ss know about New Zealand by asking a few rapid questions around the class.
T: Where is New Zealand?
----- East of Australia.
T: How many islands is New Zealand made up of ?
----- Two large ones.
T: What is the capital?
----- Wellington.
T: What money is used in New Zealand?
----- NZ dollar.
T: Name one sailor who landed on New Zealand several centuries ago.
----- Captain Cook.
T: What are the earliest people of New Zealand called? ( first settlers )
----- Maori .
T: Where did they come from?
----- Polynesia.
T: Where did the first settlers in the USA come from?
… in Australia
Step 2. Fast reading
Read the text fast and find the answers to the questions.
1. From which countries have the people of New Zealand come?
Polynesia / Oceania and Europe , mainly Britain.
2. What parts of Maori life are mentioned in the text?
Kindergartens, customs, way of life, the marae, the meeting house, family life, special days ---- huis, weddings, conferences, deaths and burials.
Step 3. Careful reading
1. Read it and do the reference
( Which words and phrases do the words in bold in the text refer to?)
2. Note making
Step 4. comprehension
1. paper comprehension
Comprehension for Unit 19 Lesson 73(3B) CDDCB BBDCC BD
1. The passage is mainly about ___.
A. why the Maori chose to settle in New Zealand
B. what the European settlers had done to the Maori
C. the history, life-style, languages and customs of the Maori
D. the rare animals and plants in New Zealand
2. The population is mainly made up of ___.
A. the Maori and Europeans
B. the Maori and Kooris
C. the Maori and Pacific Island
D. the Maori, Europeans and Pacific Islanders
3. When the Maori came to settle in New Zealand, they did NOT take ___ with them.
A. the way of life
B. dogs and rats
C. plants like the sweet potato
D. written records of their history
4. In the 19th century the Maori population dropped as a result of ___.
A. their improper way of life
B. the bad weather in the island
C. many fierce battles and diseases
D. lack of money and medicine
5. Which is WRONG about the languages spoken in New Zealand?
A. English is widely used as the official language.
B. The children in New Zealand are greatly encouraged to use the Maori language.
C. At least three kinds of languages are spoken in the country.
D. Maori children can learn to speak English at school.
6. It can be figured out that the population of New Zealand is about ____.
A. 435,000 B. 3,346,100 C. 5,5655,000 D. 170,000
7. We can learn what the text is about from ___.
A. the first paragraph B. the title
C. the last paragraph D. the whole passage
8. What did the Maori not take to New Zealand ?
A. Plants like the sweet potato B. Dogs
C. Rats D. Potatoes
9. How many kinds of languages are spoken in New Zealand according to the text?
A. one B. two C. three D. four
10. The difference between the Maori’s life and the Europeans’ life is in their ___.
A. dining habit B. clothing
C. family size D. living condition
11. What is written in details in the text?
A. Wedding B. Burial
C. Conference D. None of the above.
12. The Maori’s burial service is different from the European’s because ___.
A. they give speeches at the funeral
B. they go to see the dead
C. they share their memories of the dead
D. there’s always someone staying with the dead
2. work book
Bb:
Maori ----- Polynesia
wars
New Zealander European (British )----- Europe / Britain
Pacific Islanders----- Oceanis
Homework
Lesson 74 New Zealand
Aims and demands:
1. Get the Ss to read a text very fast in order to find out what the different sections about .
2. Train the Ss to obtain information from a diagram.
3. Develop the Ss’ reading ability.
Importance and difficulty:
1. Have a deeper understanding of the text.
2. Finish the comprehension exercise
Teaching methods: reading and understanding
Teaching aids : tape recorder and some slides
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Revision
Answer the questions:
1. What’s the other name for New Zealand? ----- Aotearoa
2. When did the first traveler reach New Zealand, 950, 1050 or 1150? -----950
3. What did early travelers bring with them?
---- Dogs, rats and plants like the sweet potato.
4. Which is warmer, North Island or South Island? Why?
---- North Island is warmer because it is closer to the equator.
5. What is the name of the earliest New Zealand people? ------Maori.
6. Where did they come from? ----- Polynesia
7. Why did settlers and the Maori fight? ----- Over land rights
Rearrange the following sentences:
1. Following his discoveries many islanders travelled 3,500 kilometres by sea in their narrow boats to this new country between 1100 and 1350.
2. As a result of these wars and diseases, the Maori population fell from 100,000 to 4,200.
3. In Maori history, the first traveler to reach New Zealand in the year 950 was a man called Kupe.
4. By 1840 about 2,000 Europeans, mainly British, had come to settle in New Zealand and the Maori signed and agreement with these settlers.
5. However, in later years there were fierce arguments over land rights and many battles were fought between the settlers and the Maori.
6. He named the country “ Ao-tea-roa”, which means “the land of the long, white cloud”.
7. They took with them dogs, rats and plants like the sweet potato, and settled mainly in North Island where the weather was warmer.
8. Their population has now increased to 435,000 , and today they make up about 13% of the population.
3-6-1-7-4-5-2-8
Step 2. Reading for general understanding ( 3 minutes )
The purpose of this task is to get the Ss to read a text very fast in order to find out what the different sections are about. It is a speed-reading exercise.
Give the Ss a time limit of 3 minutes for this exercise.
Answers: Politics – Agriculture – Sports and free time – Natural beauty – Wildlife
Step 3. Careful reading
1. Read it carefully and finish the paper comprehension exercises.
Reading comprehension for Unit 19 Lesson 74 (3B) ACBCA CABDB BD
1. Which is correct about New Zealand?
A. Before 1893 women couldn’t enjoy the same voting rights just as men.
B. There are about 50 million sheep in the country, more than 14 times the population.
C. People over a certain age can all receive a weekly “old-age pension” nowadays.
D. The government is quite successful in controlling the unemployment rate.
2. Which is not the reason for the question “Why New Zealand is thought to be an important agricultural country”?
A. Animal farming is well developed.
B. There are more sheep than people.
C. Deer are kept for their meat and fur.
D. The main exports are agricultural products.
3. According to the passage, which is most likely to happen in New Zealand?
A. The country imports wood pulp(纸浆).
B. Earthquakes will shake the country.
C. Winter vacation starts from December.
D. Farmers begin to keep deer instead of cattle.
4. There are flightless birds in New Zealand because___.
A. these birds are kept in cages for a long time and lose the ability to fly
B. they caught the strange diseases which settlers took with them
C. they had no natural enemies until the arrival of humans
D. as in Australia, the climate there is quite suitable for birds to live on the land
5. After reading the text you cannot have a picture of ___.
A. the history of New Zealand
B. the climate in New Zealand
C. the agriculture in New Zealand
D. the strange animals in New Zealand
6. What is not true about New Zealand?
A. New Zealand is the first the allow women to vote in the world.
B. New Zealand exports mainly agricultural products.
C. All the people can receive the :old-age pension”.
D. All the people above a certain age can receive the “old-age pension”.
7. What is not included in the exported agricultural products?
A. Pork B. Lamb C. Beef D. Butter
8. What fruit is implied (暗指) in the text?
A. Apple B. Grape C. Pear D. Banana
9. In New Zealand only the kiwi is ___.
A. ancient B. flightless
C. voiceless D. the national bird
10. Who made the birds flightless?
A. The birds themselves. B. Nature.
C. Some biologists. D. Natural enemies.
11. The main school holidays in New Zealand are about ____ month(s).
A. one B. one and a half
C. two D. two and a half.
12. It can be inferred that New Zealand is not an ideal place for ___.
A. having sports B. going sight-seeing
C. keeping cattle and goats
D. developing heavy industry
2. True or False statements.
a. New Zealand is an important agricultural country with a small population. In size it is bigger than Guangdong Province, yet has a much smaller population.
b. In 1893, many countries, including New Zealand, allowed women to vote.
c. In recent times the “ old-age pension” has only been paid to the poorest people because these people are usually very old.
d. The main school holidays are from mid-December till early February because the weather is usually very cold.
e. Tourists from all over the world come to New Zealand because they are attracted by the natural beauty of the country.
f. The Kiwi, New Zealand’s national bird is flight-less because this kind of bird is very huge and it cannot fly.
Answers: T F F F T F
Step 4. Practice Workbook Ex 2
Step 5. Diagram Page 40
Homework
Lesson 73~ 74
Aims and demands: Review the text and deal with the language points.
Importance and difficulty: Get the Ss know the usage of the language points.
Teaching aid: some slides.
Teaching methods: practicing and comparison
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Revision
Say as quickly as possible and tell if the following statements are True or False.
1. All the people of New Zealand came from the Islands of Polynesia in the Pacific.
2. The Maori had no written language.
3. By 1840 about 2,000 British had come to settle in New Zealand.
4. Now the Maori makes up about 13% of the population.
5. They have a population of 4, 200.
6. The Maori have given up their own customs and ways of life.
7. New Zealand is an important industrial country with a small population
8. New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote.
9. North Island is famous for its hot springs.
10. New Zealanders like to go swimming, sailing , horse-riding during the months of December-February.
F T F T F F F T T T
Step 2. Useful expressions
Fill in the blanks ( Lesson 73~ 74)
1. Ireland lies to the west of Great Britain. They are separated from each other by the Irish sea.
2. I have bought a dictionary for you and I’ll send it to you by mail as soon as possible.
3. The two tables are of the same size, but they are different in colour.
4. They have made much money out of keeping fish.
5. Apart from the garden, I’m quite satisfied with the house.
6. Their customs were handed down/on from generation to generation.
7. Their population has now increased to 420,000 . That makes up about 13% of the whole population.
8. I insist on him changing his learning methods, but he sticks to it.
9. Can you explain the sentences to me which are marked with red lines?
10. Would you like to stay with us for a few more days?
Step 3. Language points:
Fill in the blanks ( Lesson 73~74)
1. They took with them dogs, rats and plants like the sweet potato and settled mainly in North Island.
要下雨了，请带把雨伞。
我没有带钱，请你借我10 元好吗？
2. The language which the Maori speak is related to the languages of Tahiti and Hawaii.
relate vt. 把 … 联系起来
be related to 和 … 有联系
3. Maori family enjoy sharing what they own and looking after one another.
enjoy doing consider , dislike , finish , go ,mink , practise , risk , suggest , avoid , appreciate, feel like , give up …
4. This is how they keep their way of life alive.
alive
live
living
5. The fish is still alive .
6. This is a live fish .
7. All living things need sunlight , water and air.
8. Although he is sixty, he is still alive.
9. Many people will sleep and eat on the marae during these three days and share their memories of the dead person.
10. She is always happy and never shares his parents’ worries ( 从不分担父母的忧愁 )
我们应该共甘同苦。
We should share joys and sorrows.
11. New Zealand is an important agriculture country with a small population.
中国是一个人口众多的发展中的国家。
China is a developing country with a large population.
12. It is bigger than Guangdong province in size.
13. The two countries are of the same size, but they are different in population.
14. The main exports of the country are wool, lamb, beef butter, forest products, fruit and vegetables ( 水果和蔬菜 ).
15. Some farmers have turned tokeeping deer (养鹿).
16. Whenever he had difficulty, he turned to the teacher for help( 他就去向老师求助 ).
turn to
turn on
turn off
turn down
turn into
turn out
turn over
17. New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.
be of high quality =high-qualified
be of great help =helpful
be of importance =important
be of great value =valuable
18. Apart from their milk, the wool from their coats is used in expensive clothing.
19．Apart from English , he is good at French. ( Besides )
20. There were ten people at the meeting apart from me. (besides)
21. The composition is good apart from a few spelling mistakes. ( except for)
22. North Island is famous for an area of hot spring, some of which throw hot water high into the air.
23. Hongzhou is famous for its West Lake.
24. Helen Keller was famous as an American writer.
Step 4. Correct the mistakes:
1. All things are related with all other things.
(to)
2. Mary and I will share with a room. /
3. Besides from the cost, it will take a lot of time. ( Apart ) from /
4. We have reported the matter to the master but he considers it of no important. (importance )
5. In this factory the workers are paid by hour. ( by the hour ) (by hours)
6. The rice is sold by the weight. /
7. When time went on, Einstein’s theory was proved to be correct. ( As )
8. After he left school he became a teacher , but later he turned to drive. ( driving )
Homework
Aims and demands:
通过本单元教学，学生能熟练地运用表示“请求允许”的常用语；复习表语，连习动词的用法；了解海伦 凯勒自强和她的老师的敬业精神。
Importance and difficulty;
Words : born, bring…into touch with, look back , get back, pity
Important sentences:
1. A born teacher, she thought she could turn a deaf-blind person into a useful human being.
2. What a difficult case I must have been to this young teacher!
3. One of the first things Annie did was to teach me how to play.
4. It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak.
Grammar:
1. Fish goes bad easily in Summer.
2. The news sounds exciting.
3. The shop stays open until 10 p.m.
4. The tree grows taller day by day.
5. The theory proved true.
Useful expressions:
1. May / Can / Could I …?
2. I wonder if I could ……?
3. Do you mind if I…?
4. Sure.
5. Go ahead.
6. I’m sorry, but…
Lesson 65 My teacher
Aims and demands:
Develop the Ss’ reading ability.
Importance and difficulty:
Have a good understanding of the text.
Teaching method: reading
Teaching aids: Tape recorder and some slides.
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Warming up
Questions:
T: If a person cannot see anything at all, that person is said to be blind.
If he can’t hear anything at all, he is said to be deaf.
Do you know any people who cannot see well or can’t hear well? (Beethoven)
(later) People who are blind can learn to read books that are printed in a special way.
What is the name of this writing system?
------ Braille.
How do people read Braille books?
------ By touching raised dots on the paper with their fingers.
Talk about the picture in the text book.
Step 2. Fast reading
Read it quickly and find the answers to the questions.
1. What was the writer’s problem?
------She was deaf and blind and couldn’t speak.
2. What did the writer learn during this period of her life?
----- She learned the meaning of words, she learnt to play and to laugh.
Step 3. Comprehension
Read it carefully and do the comprehension exercises.
Comprehension exercises for Unit 17 (Lesson 65) 3B CCCBB ABBC
1. Helen Keller seemed simple-minded ___.
A. after Annie came to stay in her house
B. so she was often made fun of by others
C. because she struggled in a silent, dark world
D. just because she couldn’t hear anything
2. Helen Keller came to understand the meaning of the word “water” ____.
A. in the kitchen B. in a river
C. at the well D. in her own house
3. According to Paragraph 3 , the following mistakes EXCEPT “ ____” can be found in the picture at the top the page.
A. Helen was holding a cup, not a jar
B. Helen and her teacher seemed to be indoors, not at the well
C. Helen was smiling, not being moved to tears
D. Annie was holding Helen’s hands, not pumping
4. Annie put the writer’s hand on her face so that Helen could ___.
A. know what she looked like
B. connect the movement of her laughing with its meaning
C. laugh in the same way as she did
D. feel how happy she was when teaching Helen
5. What impressed Helen Keller most was Annie’s __.
A. patience B.wisdom C.imagination D.character
6. Annie Sullivan came to Helen’s house ___.
A. in March, 1887
B. in April, 1887
C. in May, 1887
D. when Helen was 19 months old
7. Which words in Paragraph 4 show that the writer was eager to learn more?
A. reach out B. beg for C. joy D. touch
8. As the writer learned more and more, ___.
A. she could speak
B. she enjoyed learning
C. she could “heard” sounds
D. She became a teacher, too
9. Which happened last?
A. The girl learned how to jump
B. The girl “heard” the sound that one hears on a farm
C. The girl learned words like soil, wood and silk
D. The girl met her teacher, Annie Sullivan
Correct the mistakes in the article if necessary:
Helen Keller was born a healthy normal child in 1880.
However,an illness strikes her when was only 19 months, 1.___
thus leaving her deaf, blind and unable to speak. For little 2.___
Helen, the world suddenly became a dark, frightened place. 3.___
Several years late, Annie Sullivan,a strong-minded and loving 4.___
people, became Helen’s teacher.Miss Sullivan’s teaching 5.___
changed a wild child into useful human being. 6.___
By her help, Helen Keller learned to talk with those 7.___
around her.As she was grew older, she became a writer. 8.___
People benefited her works and her courage.Helen 9.___
Keller died in 1968,and her spirit lives on. 10.___
1. paper comprehension
2. Listen to the tape and explain the phrases .
Step 4. Practice
1. Word study
2. Workbook
Homework: Workbook
Lesson 66 My teacher (2)
Aims and demands:
Develop the Ss’ reading ability.
Importance and difficulty:
Have a good understanding of the text.
Teaching method: reading
Teaching aids: Tape recorder and some slides.
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Warming up
What do you think of Helen’s teacher?
Step 2. Reading for general understanding
1. Where did the writer’s teacher Annie grow up?
------ In a children’s home and an institution for the blind.
2. What did Annie help the writer to do?
------ to understand words, to get information from books that were not printed in Braille, and to speak.
Step 3. Comprehension
1. Workbook
2. paper comprehension
Reading comprehension for Unit 17 Lesson 66 ( 3A ) CCCDC DBABD D
1. Annie entered an institution to learn Braille ___.
A. in 1866 B. in 1876 C. in 1880 D. in 1872
2. Which of the following is TRUE about Braille?
A. It was Annie who invented Braille.
B. It is special writing system for both the blind and the deaf.
C. Blind people can read by touching raised points on paper.
D. Annie helped to develop the writing system.
3. Why did Annie decide to go to stay with Helen?
A. Because she needed a highly paid job.
B. Because she was deaf-blind herself and sympathized (同情) with Helen.
C. Because it was the very job she had expected.
D. Because she was deeply moved by the letter from Helen’s dad.
4. Annie did NOT help Helen Keller to ___.
A. understand words
B. read books printed in Braille
C. learn how to speak
D. develop the writing system of Braille
5. Which is TRUE about the period when Annie worked as Helen’s teacher?
A. The disabled were all well educated
B. A god many books were printed in Braille.
C. Few people realized the hidden strength in blind people
D. Many deaf-blind children had the chance of being taught to speak like normal people
6. Annie would praise Helen when she ____.
A. decided to go to college
B. had a very difficult time
C. understood the meaning of words
D. did things as well as a normal person
7. Braille is a ____.
A. book for blind people
B. kind of printing for blind people to read
C. copy of reading for the deaf and the blind
D. book for the teacher of the blind people
8. Annie learned Braille because ___.
A. she had been sent to study in an institution for the blind
B. she wanted to teach the blind people
C. she wanted to be the writer’s teacher
D. she loved the blind people
9. How did Annie treat the girl?
A. She always pitied and praised her.
B. She treated her with much care, great patience and encouragement.
C. She treated her just like normal child.
D. She treated her with imagination.
10. How did Annie teach the girl?
A. She spelled words into the girl’s hand.
B. She put the girl’s hands in her face and let the girl feel the movements of her lips and throat.
C. She let the girl hear her voice.
D. Both A land B.
11. What words that Annie said helped the girl to be successful all through her life?
A. Never fail.
B. Never be disappointed.
C. Never forget to read Braille.
D. Keep on beginning.
Step 4. Note making
1. What did Annie learn to do?
----To read/ learn Braille, teach deaf-blind children (and spell out words by hand.)
2. What did Annie teach the writer?
Skills: Understand words, read Braille; speak
Ideas: blind people should be treated like normal human beings; keep on trying until you succeed.
Step 5. Writing
Story telling------ write a passage according to these pictures. You may begin like this:
Ann Sullivan was born in 1866 and became an orphan when she was young. She spent her childhood in a children’s home. Then she went to an institution for the blind. There she learnt…Braille and studied the teaching of deaf-blind children. One day the head of the institution for the blind handed over a letter to Ann. The letter came from Helen Keller’s parents. They wanted to invite a teacher for Helen. Ann was glad to accept the invitation. Ann taught Helen by asking her to touch the teacher’s face, throat and lips so as to know the meaning of the words and to form speech. Later, Helen could say “mother” , which made her parents very happy. In the school, Ann sat beside Helen in every class during her school years. She spelled out for her the things that the teachers taught, because most books were not printed in Braille at that time.
Lesson 65~66 My teacher
I. Describe the life of Annie Sullivan using information from the text.
1. Date of birth
2. Her childhood
3. Her education
4. How she became the writer’s teacher
II. Describe how Annie Sullivan taught the little girl .
1. How did the little girl learn her first word?
2. What had Annie done in order to teach the little girl some water?
3. How did Annie teach the little girl to laugh, to jump and so on?
4. What did Annie encourage the little girl to do and how did Annie help her?
I. suggested answers
1. Annie was born on April 4th, 1866.
2. Her family was very poor. When she was eight years old, her mother died and her father disappeared two years later. Annie, together with her brother, was sent to a children’s home. But unfortunately, her brother died there later.
3.When she was fourteen, she left the children’s home and entered an institution for the blind. There, she learnt Braille, which is a kind of printing that blind people can read by touching groups of raised points that are printed on paper.
4. One day the school where Annie was received a letter. The letter asked for a teacher for a seven-year-old girl who at the age of 19 months had become deaf and blind. Annie considered this was just the kind of demanding job she wanted.
II. suggested answers
1. It happened that one day the little girl was holding a jar while Annie pumped water. As the water flowed onto the little girl’s hand, Annie kept spelling w-a-t-e-r onto the girl’s other hand with her fingers. Suddenly the little girl understood!
2. Many times Annie had tried to spell words into the little girl’s small hands in order to teach her some words.
3. One day Annie came into the girl’s room laughing happily. Then she put the girl’s little hand on her face and spelled l-a-u-g-h. Then Annie touched the girl lightly on her arm and made her burst into laughter. Next Annie took the girl by the hand and taught her how to jump. She then immediately spelled the word j-u-m-p for the girl.
4. Annie encouraged her when the little girl made up her mind to go to college. At school, Annie sat beside her in every class. She spelled out for the little girl the things that the teachers taught. Annie herself read the books to her by spelling into her hand what was written in the books.
Lesson 65~66 My teacher ( Language points )
Aims and demands:
Grasp the important language points
Importance and difficulty: let the Ss know the usage of them
Teaching aids: some slides
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Language points:
Fill in the blanks:(Lesson 65~66)
1. Some people thought the writer was simple-minded because she was deaf and blind.
2. Being a born teacher she could turn a deaf-blind person into a useful human being.
3. I understood what the teacher was doing. That mean: The teacher reached my understanding.
4. I reached out to Annie’s hand to beg for new words.
5. She touched me lightly on the arm and made me burst into laughter.
6. My teacher took me by the hand and taught me how to jump.
7. She also brought me into/in touch with everything that could be felt---- soil, wood, silk.
8. As I look back upon these years, I am struck by Annie’s wisdom.
9. Later, an operation helped her to get back part of her sight, but she remained at the institution for six years more.
10. Annie considered this was just the kind of demanding job she wanted.
11. Annie was among the first to realize that blind people never know their hidden strength until they are treated liked normal human beings.
Never …until 只有… 之后才 ，比 not … until 的否定意味更强
12. I owe thanks to Annie for this priceless gift of speech.
13. My teacher’s gifted instruction lived on after her death.
14. Annie often said, no matter what happens, keep on beginning.
Step 2. Language points ( on the Bb )
1. simple-minded 头脑简单的
absent-minded 心不在焉的
noble-minded 思想高尚的
small-minded 气量小的
2. a born teacher 一位天生的老师
3. reach one’s understanding 达到、触及
reach out ( one’s hand ) for sth. 伸手去够、、、
4. burst into laughter
burst out laughing
5. take sb. by the hand
touch sb. on the arm
hit sb. on the head
hit sb. in the face
v. +sb. on/ in / by + the + part of a body
6. bring…… into / in touch with 使、、、触摸， 使、、、接触
7. look back upon / on
8. strike –struck – struck 给、、、印象
strike –struck –stricken
9. get back return to a former condition 恢复
come back 回来
move backwards or away 后退
regain 收回
10. for six years more
for six more years
for another six years
11. a demanding job 要付出努力的工作
12. not …….until 直到、、、才
never ……until 只有、、、之后才
13. owe……to sb 欠某人某物（钱，债）
owe thanks to sb. for sth. 归功于、、、 对、、、感激
14. live on 继续存在， 流传下去
live on sth. 以、、、为食
15. no matter ……
16. keep on doing 不可接表示静止状态的-ing形式
keep doing
(It’s not allowed to say keep on waiting / sleeping/ sitting)
Step 3.Practice ----- Exercises
Fill in the blanks with a proper word ( Lesson 65~ 66)
1. Beethoven was gifted in music, so he was thought to be a born musician.
2. He reached out and took down a dictionary from the shelf.
3. The boy reached out his hand for an apple.
4. At last they reached a decision. ( an agreement )
5. When she arrived home, she began to do cooking.
6. She touched the baby lightly on the arm in order to make her burst into laughter.
7. The stone hit him on the head, and he was sent to hospital at once.
8. This can bring me into / in touch with many workers.
9. Her love of music brought her into touch with the pop. Star.
10. As we looked back upon the school years we spent together , we were very excited./we were filled with excitement.
11. He looked back upon / on his childhood with mixed feelings.
12. All of us were struck by the professor’s speech.
13. The performance of the singers struck the audience greatly.
14. She has got her strength back after her illness.
15. I will get back at 7 o’clock this evening.
16. I decided to get back the dictionary.
17. I need five minutes more to finish the job.
I need five more minutes to finish the job.
I need another five minutes.
18. Although this was a demanding job which others were unwilling to do, she didn’t refuse it.
19. Don’t get off the bus until it stops. 停车之前不要下车。
Never get off the bus until it stops. 停车之前千万不要下车。
20. ----How much did you owe to the American couple? Shall I pay it for you?
---- Thank you. I can manage it myself.
21. We all owe our happy life to the Party.
22. This custom will live on for centuries.
23. LeiFeng is dead, but he will live on in the hears of the people forever.
24. No matter what you do, do it well.
25. Don’t give up , keep on trying.
26. The teacher kept on asking the students questions until the bell rang.
27. He caught such a bad cold that he kept coughing all morning.
Homework :Do the workbook exercises
Aims and demands:
通过本单元教学，学生能熟练地运用“打电话”的常用语；复习第13~17单元的语法项目；了解办公设备现代化和有关放火安全的知识。
Importance and difficulty:
1. words and expressions:
rush sb. off his feet, change, action, repair, work on, fix up
2. important sentences:
A. It is better to ask for help at the beginning rather than to wait until a busy period when everyone is rushed off their feet.
B. What is more, this “information line” operates 24 hours a day.
C. It did not take the firefighters long to pot out the fire, and they at once started to look for causes of the fire.
D. They had to work inside the ship, cutting away old metal, fixing new metal plate, drilling holes, laying electrical and phone wires and fixing new pipes for water and steam.
3. Grammar: review –ing form, to do form and predicative
4. Useful expressions:
A. May I speak to …?
B. Hello. Who’s that speaking?
C. I called to tell you…..
D. Hold on, please.
E. Wait a moment.
F. Can I take ( leave ) a message?
Lesson 69 The office
Aims and demands:
Develop the Ss’ reading ability
Importance and difficulty: Have a deeper understanding of the text.
Teaching aid: tape recorder and some slides
Teaching methods: reading, speaking
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Riddle
I can store and recall as much information as possible, and I can work at a very high speed. In modern times, you can’t work without me. What am I? ( computer )
Step 2. Warming up
T: Where can you find computer?
S: They are mostly found in offices……
T: What else may you expect find in a large modern office?
( write these words on the blackboard and read after the teacher)
the office
fax machine
photocopier
word processor
answering machine
choose the right title for each section
Step 3. Deal with the text
T: What is the fax machine? How does it work?
S: When you place a sheet of paper in a fax machine, the machine “reads” the writing on the page and changes the shapes of letters into electronic signals. It then sends these signals down an ordinary telephone line to another fax machine, which changes the signals back into the shapes of letters.
T: What are the advantages of sending a fax?
Ss: Speed. You can send texts, pictures, diagrams, designs maps and so on .
T: What are the disadvantages of sending a fax?
Ss: It is expensive and not private. ( it can be read by anyone)
T: What is the photocopier? How does it work?
Ss: It can copy a long report and sort the copies and pin them together.
T: What can modern photocopying machines do?
Ss: Modern machines can make the copy bigger or smaller , lighter or darker and copy onto both sides of the paper.
T: What is the word processor? How many parts is the word processor made up of?
Ss: It is made up of three parts . ( a typewriter keyboard, a printer and a computer )
T: What are the advantages of a word processor?
Ss: You can make changes easily and can print a report very quickly.
T: What is the answering machine?
Ss: It is a telephone with a tape recorder.
T: What are the advantage of an answering machine?
Ss: It can receive messages when no one is in the office and can give information.
Step 4. Listening for general understanding
Listen to the tape and write down the headings above the right sections of the text.
Step 5. Comprehension
1. Work book on Page 93
2. Paper comprehension
Homework
Comprehension exercise for Unit 18 Lesson 69 (3B)
I. Main facts: DBAC
Read fast to get a general idea of the passage and fill in the following blanks with one of the four choices below.
A. The word processor
B. The fax machine
C. The answering machine
D. The photocopier
1. ____ is a type of machine used to make copies from newspapers, books or reports.
2. ____ is used to send messages including words , pictures, designs and maps.
3. ____ is a kind of machine used to type materials, save them for future use and make changes if necessary.
4. ____ is used to record telephone messages when the receiver is absent.
II. Further comprehension CCADC DBBD
1. Which is WRRONG about learning to use office equipment?
A. It can make the work in offices go smoothly .
B. It is necessary for beginners in offices.
C. It should be learnt during a busy period.
D. It may help you to get a promotion (普升机会).
2. Which is correct about sending a fax?
A. It can be done only during working hours.
B. Sometimes it might take a week or so.
C. It isn’t a good choice to send top-secret information by fax machine.
D. Reports in English cannot be faxed.
3. A word processor ____.
A. can type a long report and make changes
B. can produce colour copies when necessary
C. can send information both at home and abroad
D. includes a keyboard, a photocopier and a computer
4. ____ can be used to answer a phone call automatically (自动地) when you are out.
A. The photocopier B. The fax machine
C. The word processor D. The answering machine
5. What is one disadvantage of sending a fax?
A. We can send a fax only in the office hours.
B. Message sent by a fax are hard to read.
C. We cannot send secret information through a fax machine.
D. Foreigners cannot understand Chinese letters sent by a fax.
6. What can’t a word processor do?
A. Typing a letter.
B. Printing documents.
C. Coping a on report.
D. Sending picture.
7. What does “be rushed off one’s feet” mean in paragraph 1?
A. be on business B. be busy and tired
C. be tired out D. run out of the office
8. The writer says “The fax has greatly changed office work, especially in China.” Because ____.
A. it can send information quickly
B. it is much easier to change Chinese characters into electronic signals
C. it can do a lot of work for the Chinese people such as making copies, posting letters
D. it makes office work easy to do
9.“The fax has greatly changed office work,especially in China.” The underlined word means ____.
A. properly B. immediately
C. slightly D. particularly
Lesson 70 What causes the fire
Aims and demands:
Aims and demands:
Develop the Ss’ reading ability
Importance and difficulty: Have a deeper understanding of the text.
Teaching aid: tape recorder and some slides
Teaching methods: reading, speaking
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Presentation
Talk about the picture
T: What may cause a fire?
---- smoking, playing with fire ……
T: What is often used to put out the fire?
---- Water, CO……
T: What kind of gas do we breathe?
( Name some of the gases in the air we breathe. )
---- Oxygen, hydrogen……
People may be in danger if there is not enough oxygen. But too much oxygen may cause danger to people , too.
Step 2. Reading for general understanding
Read the text and find out :
1. Where did the fire happen?
----- In a ship which was in a port in Scotland for repairs.
2. What started the fire?
----- A worker fixed the air-line to a supply of oxygen instead of compressed air.
Step 3. Problem solving
See which pair of Ss can find out the correct answer before the others.
---- The man actually connected the air-line to the oxygen supply line.
Step 4. Comprehension
1. put these events in the correct order
9-12-6-13-1-4-11-8-3-10-14-7-5-2
2. workbook Ex I
3.reading comprehension
Comprehension for Unit 18 Lesson 70 (3B) BDBCD ACAB
1. An extra team of men were sent to repair the ship because ___.
A. this ship was a huge ship
B. this ship needed to be repaired quickly
C. they were skilled workers
D. there was a lot of work to do
2. The man took a long time to connect the rubber pipe to the air supply pipe because ___.
A. he smoked a cigarette during the working hours
B. he had to drill holes and lay electrical wires first
C. he found something strange in the air and stopped to have a check
D. the fittings did not match
3. There was a strange smell when one man lit a cigarette because ___.
A. the cigarette had the smell itself
B. the smell was caused by the oxygen
C. there was something wrong with the man’s nose
D. the ship was beginning to burn
4. Which of the following is true?
A. The fire caused great damage to the ship.
B. There was an explosion happened inside the ship.
C. No damage was done to the deck at the end of the ship.
D. The fuel on ship caused the fire.
5. What measures were taken to prevent a fire accident?
A. Talks on safety were given to new workers.
B. Smoking was not allowed in the workplace.
C. All the supply lines and taps were marked with signs and warnings.
D. Both A and C.
6. In the ship the “air-line” provides ____.
A. compressed air B. water and steam
C. fuel and gas D. fresh air
7. When the fire broke out, ____.
A. some men sounded the fire alarm
B. all the men jumped into the sea
C. most of the men managed to escape
D. they fought against the fire
8. The men’s cigarettes burned strangely and tasted bad because ____ .
A. there was too much oxygen inside
B. something was wrong with the cigarettes
C. oxygen had a strong smell
D. lots of compressed air was inside
9. What was the real cause of the fire?
A. The third person struck a match for a cigarette.
B. The air-line was fixed to a supply line of oxygen instead of compressed air.
C. Too many workers smoked in the ship.
D. The fittings the workers had used to repair the ship didn’t match.
4. slides
Rearrange the following events ( Lesson 70 )
a. It took him some time to connect the long rubber pipe to the air supply pipe that ran round the port, but at last it was done and as a result work was able to progress much faster.
b. Half an hour later, another man struck a match for a cigarette and this time the whole of the inside of the ship caught fire.
c. They had to work inside the ship.
d. A navy ship was in a port in Scotland for repairs.
e. It was important to carry out the work quickly, so an extra team of men were asked to work on the repairs one evening.
f. Another man lit a cigarette but it burnt strangely and so he too put it out.
g. One man was told to fix up an “air-line” to provide compressed air for the machines they were using.
h. After three hours, the men stopped for a meal break. When work continued, one man lit a cigarette as he was working, but, finding it had a strange taste, he put it out.
d-e-c-g-a-h-f-b
Step 5. practice ----- Ex 2
Homework
Lesson 69~70
Translate the following sentences (Lesson 69~70)
1． 一旦他作出决定就不会改变。
Once she made the decision, she wouldn’t change her mind.
2． 我到过那儿一次。
I have been there once.
3． 这是她父亲曾经工作过的地方。
This is the place where her father once worked.
4． 该去的是約翰而不是杰克。
John should go rather than Jack.
5． 这些鞋子穿起来很舒服，但并不漂亮。
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.
I love swimming rather than skating.
I decided to write rather than ( to ) telephone.
We ought to check up, rather than just accept what he says / accepting what he says.
6． 与其让这些蔬菜烂掉，他宁愿以一半的价格把他们卖掉。
Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.
Would / had rather do sth than do…
Would / had rather sb. did…
I would rather you knew that now than afterwards.
7． 他们播种忙得个不可开交。( rush sb. off one’s feet )
They are rushed off their feet with the sowing.
8． 没有必要对这个计划作出修改。
It is not necessary to make any changes in the plan.
9． 我觉得是我该采取行动的时候了。
I felt it ( was ) time for me to take ( an ) action.
10． 我没有去看望王先生，因为那天下大雨. 再说，我身边也没有他的地址。
I didn’t go to see Mr. Smith , because it was raining hard. What’s more, I didn’t have his address.
11． 中国有许多人正在从事一项“希望工程”，帮助穷苦孩子们上学。
Many people in China are working on a “Project Hope” , helping poor children to go to school.
12． 他在致力于发明一种办公用的新式机器。
He is working on inventing a new type of machine for office work.
13． 他不得不工作到六十多岁。
He has to work on until he was sixty.
14． 政府给无家可归的人提供食宿。
The government provided food and shelter for those who were homeless / the homeless.
The government supplied (provide ) the homeless with food and shelter.
15． 他们在忙着安装电灯。
They are busy fixing up the lights.
Translate:
A. He fixed up the broken chair. 修理
B. I can easily fix you up for the night. 给…... 安排住处
C. We have fixed up a date for the picnic. 确定
D. I’ve fixed up a visit to the theater for next Friday. 安排
E. Do I have to fix up to go to the party. 打扮
16． 花了我一整天的时间修理这台彩电。
It took me a whole day to fix up the colour TV set.
17． 你应该争取尽快赶到那儿。
You should try to get there as soon as you can.
You should try to get there as soon as possible.
18． 许多人逃出大火着火了。
Many people escaped from the big fire, with their clothes on fire.
19． 老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。
The teacher came into the classroom, with a book in his hand.
( book in hand )
20． 她似乎（已经）听到了这件事。
She appeared / seemed to have heard about it already.
It seemed / appeared that she had already heard about it.
21． 房子烧了，准是有什么原因。
The house was burned down. There must have been some cause.
22． 这婴孩昨夜哭个不停，他准是得了病。
The baby kept crying last night . He must have been ill.
1.there be
There is a tall tree in front of our teaching building.
There are some students playing football on the playground.
2. think/find it + adj for sb to do sth
(1).I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.
(2).I feel it important to have some working experience.
(3).I found it impossible for me to work out all the problems in such a short time.
3. not…until
(1).I didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened.
(2).Yesterday I didn’t go to sleep until midnight.
4. Some…others
(1).Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.
(2).There are many foreign students in our class. Some of them are from Europe, others come from America.
5. not only…but also
(1).In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctor’s degree.
(2).Forests can not only fresh the air but also reduce noises.
6. such…that / so…that
(1).He is such a good student that everyone likes him.
(2).We were so deeply moved that we could not fall asleep that night.
7.too…to…
(1).They were too angry to say a word that day.
(2).He is too young to go to school.
8. in order to
(1).He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.
(2).In order to get there on time,we set off early in the morning.
9.be about to do sth when…/be doing sth when…
(1).I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
(2).I was walking in the street when I heard a lady cry “Help,help”.
10.used to
(1).He used to live in Shanghai.
(2).There used to be a tree in front of my house.
11.see/hear/watch/find sb do sth/doing sth
(1).I heard someone laughing.
(2).I saw him put the key in the lock,turn it and open the door.
12. have some difficulty in doing sth/with sth
Do you have any difficulty in understanding spoken English?
13.be busy doing sth/with sth
He was busy getting ready for his journey.
练习一：根据上下文关系用连接词把下列各句连接起来，组成一个单句、并列句或复合句。
1.a) Go to see the doctor at once.
b) Your cold may get worse.
Go to see the doctor at once, or your cold may get worse.
2. a) Alice was the first to complete her paper.
b) Alice made quite a few mistakes in her paper.
Alice was the first to complete her paper, but she made quite a few mistakes in it.
3. a) We were about to start off last night.
b) The phone in the living room began to ring.
We were about to start off last night when the phone in the living room began to ring.
4. a) Unfortunately, John’s car broke down on the way home.
b) John had to stop a car for a lift.
Unfortunately, John’s car broke down on the way home, so he had to stop a car for a lift.
5). a) He has made great progress in his studies.
b) All the teachers praise him.
He has made such great progress in his studies that all the teachers praise him.
6. a) Some people waste food.
b) Other people haven’t enough food.
Some people waste food, while others haven’t enough food.
7. a) It’s too late to go to the cinema now.
b) I have an important meeting to attend after lunch.
It’s too late to go the cinema now. Besides, I have an important meeting to attend after lunch.
8. a) Your aunt has no other thought but what is best for you.
b) I have no other thought, either.
Neither your aunt nor I have any other thought but what is best for you.
练习二：1、用but,then,instead,the next moment,when填空：
The accident happened at 7:15 on the morning of February 8, . I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the opposite side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a sudden right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the old man. He fell down with a cry. But the car didn’t stop to save the old man. Instead，it drove off at great speed.
2、用at last,then,so,up to now,that,when填空：
Don’t Lose Your Courage
Never shall I forget the first English lesson given by Miss Liu. On that day, when she entered the classroom, we found that she was a young and beautiful lady with a big smile on her face. Then she introduced herself saying that we should call her Miss Liu instead of Teacher Liu, a moment later, she let all of us go to the blackboard and say something about ourselves in English in turn. When it was my turn, I felt so shy and fearful that I didn’t dare to say a word before the class. She came up to me and said kindly, “Don’t be afraid. I believe you can do it. Come and have a try.” My face turned red when I heard that. At last, I went to the blackboard and was able to do it quite well. She praised for what I had done. Up to now, I can still remember her words in the first English lesson: “Practice makes perfect. Don’t lose your courage when you meet with difficulties. Try on and on until you succeed.”
Part 1
Before a record is accepted by the Guinness Book of World Records, it must pass the following tests. First of all, there must be at least two witnesses. The witnesses must be known to the public, so they can’t be simply friends or members of your family. In fact, relatives are not allowed to act as witnesses to a Guinness world record. The best witnesses are usually people who work for the city or government, such as policemen, judges, or leaders. The witnesses must read the Guinness rules before the attempt is made, and then write and sign their statements. Second, you must be able to prove that you broke the record in some other way, usually by sending in an article about the attempt from the local newspaper. It’s also important to take pictures of the record attempt and film it if possible. If you want to break a record, the most important thing to remember is to ask for the rules before you do anything. The Guinness Book of World Records has rules for all sorts of attempts, and you will need to know exactly what you should and shouldn’t do. The editors at Guinness can also help you by giving you the latest information about a certain record. If you are trying to break an existing record, you need to know if the record has already been broken. If you are trying to set a new type of record, you need to find out if the editors will accept it. If the record is dangerous, you must know about strict safety rules and follow them. There are many strange records in the Guinness Book of World Records, but the editors will not allow any records that are very dangerous.
Part 2
Even if you do set a new record, it isn’t sure that your record will be included in the book. There are a few basic rules for Guinness records. First, officials must be able to measure the record. Second, as mentioned before, independent witnesses must observe the record and send in a statement. Third, a record must be objective. That means that a record such as “most beautiful girl” or “best friend” won’t be accepted. A record should also be interesting to as many people as possible. Records that have to do with things that happen only once, such as “the first…,” won’t end up in the book. It is also important that the editors can make rules so that anyone who wants to try to break the record will have a fair chance. If these basic rules are met, the record will be accepted as a Guinness world record. However, a record won’t appear in the book unless it is chosen by the editors. The editors of the Guinness Book of World Records have to make many difficult decisions. People are very creative and send in all kinds of exciting records. It isn’t always easy to choose the right ones for the book. The book is read by people all over the world, and the editors must select records that represent the spirit of the Guinness Book of World Records-that is, amazing feats and achievements that show just how wonderful the world of world records is!
Unit2
LISTENING TEXT
H: Henry M: Mike, an elephant hunter
H: Mike, what was it that you heard about my brother’s journey?
M: I heard that he went looking for Solomon’s Mines.
H: Solomon’s Mines? Where are they?
M: I don’t know. I know where they’re said to be.
H: Tell me, please!
M: Well, South African elephant hunters usually don’t care much for the life and culture of native blacks. But sometimes you meet a man who takes the trouble to listen to them, and understand the history of this dark land. It was such a man who first told me the story of Solomon’s Mines, now thirty years ago. His name was Brown. I listened carefully to him, for I was young at the time, and this story of an ancient civilisation and its treasures took a great hold upon my imagination. He asked me whether I’d ever heard of the Suliman Mountains up in the northwest of the country. He said that that’s where Solomon really had his mines, his diamond mines. I asked him how he knew that. He answered that an old witch had told him all about it. She said that there were great wizards among the people who lived across those mountains. The wizards had learnt what they knew from white men a long time ago. They also had the secret of a wonderful mine of “bright stones”.
H: So did you go and look for that place?
M: No, I didn’t. I laughed at this story at the time, but I didn’t forget it. Twenty years later I heard something more about it from a man passing through. When he left he said that if we would ever meet again he would be the richest man in the world. One evening, while sitting in front of my tent, I saw a figure, apparently that of a European, for it wore a coat, coming out of the desert. The figure crept along on its hands and knees, then it got up and walked a few yards on its legs, only to fall and crawl again. Who do you suppose it turned out to be?
H: That man, of course.
M: Yes, or rather his skeleton and a little skin.
“Water! please, water!”he begged.
I gave him water with a little milk in it, and then he fell asleep. He had a fever and in his dreams he talked about Suliman’s Mountains, the diamonds, and the desert. “There it is!”he cried, pointing with his long, thin arm, “But I shall never reach it, never. No one will ever reach it!”
Unit 3
Listening text
Part 1
(Woman, Australian accent)
Bush fire
An Australian woman is talking on a radio programme about her escape from the bushfires near Sydney in 1994.
The first thing I did when I woke up in the morning was to watch the TV news. I could see that the situation was bad, and they showed a map where the fires were. Outside in the garden I couldn’t see the sun, as the sky was full of smoke.
I decided I’d better prepare to leave. My daughters were staying in town and my husband was abroad, so it was up to me to decide what to do. I packed a suitcase of clothes and another case of useful things. It’s difficult in this kind of situation to know what to take with you. So, I took my passport and my bankbook and all the money I had. I took also my diary, my address book and my camera. Finally I took our wedding photographs, as I didn’t want to lose those.
Out in the garden the sky was getting blacker, and the wind which had been blowing hard for two days was getting stronger. I could now hear the sound of the fire which was only a mile or two away. I was expecting the police to drive by and warn people. Suddenly I noticed little pieces of burning wood falling out of the sky. They landed on the ground and started to burn the grass. I didn’t wait a moment longer. I got into my car and drove down the road. The smoke was thick and at times it was difficult to see the road. Animals were running across the road, trying to escape the fire. There were dogs, a few horses, and lots of kangaroos. Five miles down the road I came to a long bridge over the river. Once on the other side, I knew I was safe.
Part 2
(A = Radio announcer; male or female, Australian accent)
A: Good morning, listeners. Still hot and dry today and we would like to remind you that people in the following areas may need to leave their homes: Green Hill, Jonestown, and Wesley. The fire is still burning and we advise you to stay tuned for more information. You may have to leave the area if the winds change, so please take the following actions:
If you have a car, check that it is working properly and park it where you can easily get to it. Close all doors, roll up the windows, and leave the keys in the car. Put emergency supplies in the car. You will need water, some food, a first-aid kit, a radio and a flashlight. Put important documents, such as your bankbooks and passports, in a plastic bag.
Make sure that you are wearing good clothes. Put on heavy shoes, long pants, a long-sleeved shirt and gloves. Bring a towel that you can use to protect your face.
Call a friend or relative who lives in a safe area and ask if you can stay with them.
Close all windows and doors in your house and remove the curtains.
Turn off the gas.
Fill buckets, bathtubs, and other containers with water.
If you are asked to leave the house, you must do so immediately. Bring only what you need and tell someone when you leave and where you are going. Try to stay calm and listen to the radio for instructions. Choose a road that looks safe and keep an eye on the fire and the wind.
Unit 4
Listening text
G = Guide V = Visitor
V: Excuse me, can you tell us something about the history of Kew Gardens?
G: Botanical gardens have a long history in the UK, beginning with the foundation of the Oxford Botanical Garden in 1621. Kew Gardens was developed (built) in the 16th century. International importance came under the guidance of Sir Joseph Banks. He changed Kew from a royal collection of strange plants to a serious scientific research centre.
V: So what is the purpose of Kew Gardens today?
G: The motto forming the inspiration for Kew Gardens is simple but clear: “All life depends on plants.” The main purpose of Kew is to come to a better management of the earth’s environment. We try to do that by increasing knowledge and understanding of plants. After all, they form the basis of life on earth.
V: How can Kew Gardens reach this goal?
G: Kew wants to achieve this by:
developing a global collection of plants and show it to the public;
undertaking worldwide research into botany;
supporting the conservation of plants in the UK and overseas;
and informing and educating the wider public about Kew Gardens and their work.
V: If I may ask, what is there to see at Kew Gardens?
G: Kew has many plants in glasshouses and more than 20 different specialized gardens, such as the Rock Garden, Rose Garden, Woodland Garden and the Winter Garden.
V: I hear that they also have a Grass Garden. What can be interesting about that?
G: The Grass Garden shows a great number of different grasses. In economic sense, (Economically speaking) the grass family is one of the most important plant families. It provides most of our food, feeds our cattle and provides building materials such as bamboo and straw. Only three different bamboos are shown in the Grass Garden. More can be found in the Bamboo Garden. Over 120 species of bamboo planted there come from all over the world.
V: Well, I’m afraid that’s a bit boring for me. I think I’d have a look at the Rose Garden.
G: Of course, the Rose Garden attracts most visitors. It has 54 rose beds, each containing a different variety of rose. The roses are all arranged by the colour of their flowers. Shades of red are closest to the Palm House, while the lighter-coloured roses, such as the white and yellow ones, are planted near the edge of the garden.
Unit 5
Listening text
Part 1
Harry, Jenny, and Brian are discussing their advertisement plans for a new product.
H = Harry; J = Jenny; B = Brian
H: So, how much money have we got to spend?
B: Seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds. Jenny, what do you suggest?
J: I suggest that we use mainly TV, cinema, and print.
B: I see, magazines and newspapers. Can you give us your reasons?
J: Sure. First, our product looks good. So it would be a waste of money to use radio. Second, our product moves well, and it moves fast. So I want people to see it on the roads in our ads, going through the hills, that kind of thing.
B: What about advertising boards?
J: No. I prefer magazines and newspapers, and we haven’t got the money to do all three. So people will see the ad on TV and in the cinema. Then they’ll be able to read about it when they’re sitting down, reading their newspapers and magazines.
H: I get the idea. Then customers can read the detailed product information and check the prices.
J: Exactly.
H: So no advertising boards. When do you want the advertising to start, Brian?
B: May the 1st. That gives us three months to run to August 1st when most people like to buy their new cars.
J: I see. So we’re talking about three months. And have you thought of a headline?
H: What about this one: “The new Century 505 - the car you always promised yourself”?
Part 2
Four people in an advertising firm are discussing a future advertising programme.
B= Bob
A: OK. Our plan is to produce an advertisement for this computer which is made by one of China’s biggest computer producers, FFQ Computer Corporation. Any ideas?
B: I think it would be a good idea to have comments from people who are already using it. They can express their satisfaction with the product.
C: Well, maybe that’s not such a good idea. Do you think managers want to read what users think about a new piece of office equipment?
D: I agree with Bob. I think we should have a picture of the computer and give a description of the product.
B: I’m afraid I can’t agree with you. That’s a good way of giving information, but it’s not a good way of persuading people. For one thing, it’s boring, and people aren’t going to read an ad that looks boring. For another thing, one computer looks very like another. People aren’t going to remember the name of the product.
A: So what exactly are you suggesting?
B: I suggest that we ask users of this machine what they think about it. We can photograph them using it too. Then we can put their comments at the top of the advertisement in big print. We can bring in some humour too. People enjoy reading humorous ads.
D: The disadvantage with carrying out interviews is that it may take a long time. No problem, we can do some telephone and email interviews with our users.
C: How can we find out who are using these computers?
A: Easy. I’ll ask the company for a list of recent customers.
Unit 6
LISTENING TEXT
R = Reporter O = Mrs Ouyang
Mrs Ouyang runs a little restaurant in southern Yunnan. Five years ago she lost everything in an earthquake. Listen to her experiences and how the restaurant was rebuilt.
R: Mrs Ouyang, five years ago a heavy earthquake struck this area and destroyed almost all buildings in this village. The earthquake also hit your house badly. Can you tell us what happened?
O: In two weeks’ time it will be exactly five years ago that the earthquake destroyed our village. My husband and I had been running a restaurant for several years. Before that, he had worked as a taxi driver. All his savings had gone into the restaurant, and on that terrible day everything was destroyed. My husband was killed in the second shake. He shouldn’t have gone back into the restaurant. It was a stupid thing to do, but he thought he would have enough time to save a few important things.
R: What happened in the weeks after the quake and how did you get over it?
O: I moved to a nearby village with my sister. The death of my husband was of course the worst thing. I cried for many days. I wished I had died in his place. I lost all hope of a happy life.
R: What made you decide to reopen the restaurant?
O: There were two reasons. First of all, I had to make a living. But more important, I did it to honour my husband. The restaurant had been his great achievement. I felt there was no better way to remember him than by reopening the restaurant and continuing the business.
R: Was it easy to reopen the restaurant?
O: No, it wasn’t. My friends and relatives put some money together, a total of about 30,000 yuan. I received 8,000 yuan of financial aid from the local government and 25,000 from a foreign disaster relief organisation. I was also able to take out a loan of 50,000 from the bank. With the money and all the help I got, I opened the restaurant on the same location where our old one had been.
R: Do you often think about the disaster?
O: Yes, I do. I thought the earthquake was the day my life ended, even though I had not lost my life. But look here, I managed. I did not know I had the strength to pull through.
Unit 7
LISTENING TEXT
S = Cook O = Oliver B = Mr Bumble
Nine-year-old Oliver lives in a workhouse where the boys are given three meals of thin porridge a day, with an onion twice a week, and half a roll on Sundays. The workhouse is run by Mr Bumble, the headmaster. The room in which the boys are fed, is a large stone hall. The cook, assisted by one or two women, uses a big spoon to pour the porridge into the bowls. One spoonful, and no more -- except on holidays, when two spoonfuls and a piece of bread are given.
The bowls never need to be washed. The boys clean them with their spoons till they shine again, and when they have performed this operation, which never takes very long, the spoons being almost as large as the bowls, they sit staring at the cook. Boys usually have good appetites. Oliver Twist and his companions suffered this slow starvation for three months. At last they got so wild with hunger, that one boy, who was tall for his age, said to his companions, that unless he had another bowl of porridge per day, he was afraid he might some night eat the boy sleeping next to him. He had a wild, hungry eye; and they all believed him. The boys hold a meeting, casting lots who should walk up to the cook after supper that evening, and ask for more. The lot falls to Oliver Twist.
The evening arrived; the boys took their seats. The cook served the porridge, and the boys prayed. The porridge was eaten, and the boys whisper to each other, and nod at Oliver, while his next neighbours push him. Child as he is, he is desperate with hunger, and feels miserable. He rises from the table and advancing to the cook, bowl and spoon in hand, he says:
O: Please, sir, I want some more.
C: What!
O: Please, sir, I want some more.
The cook was a fat, healthy man; but he turned very pale. Amazed, he stares at Oliver before aiming a blow at his head with the large spoon and screaming for the headmaster.
C: Mr. Bumble, I beg your pardon, sir! Oliver Twist has asked for more!
B: For MORE! Calm down, sir, and answer me clearly. Do I understand that he asked for more, after he had eaten his supper?
C: He did, sir.
B: That boy will be hung. I know that boy will be hung. I was never more convinced of anything in my life, than that that boy will come to be hung.
Unit 8
Listening text
1 Part 1
(Female; since this is supposed to be a Chinese student, I suggest that we use a Chinese person who speaks English well.)
A: I am an International Business major at a Finance and Economics University. My major courses focus on international trade and finance, but English is also very important. Many of the textbooks we use are in English and some of our courses are taught in English, either by Chinese professors or visiting foreign teachers. At first, it was very difficult to understand what the teachers were saying. We take most of our courses here in China, but we also have the opportunity to study abroad for one year. Our university cooperates with universities in Europe, New Zealand, and the USA. I would like to study in Europe, perhaps in Germany or France, because I believe that the European Union will be an important business partner for China in the future. If I study in Germany or France, I can also learn a third language, which would be very useful.
The most difficult thing, in my opinion, is to understand all the technical terms. I was pretty good at English in middle school, but we only learned everyday English. Now I have to read long articles and textbook chapters that deal with difficult issues. Some of the words are only used in business, so most dictionaries don’t explain what they mean. I sometimes fell as if I had two majors-English and business. First I have to understand what the terms mean in Chinese, then learn the English words for them. Still, I like my major and I think that it will help me find a good job. My dream is to work in a Chinese import and export company and travel around the world.
2 Part 2
(Male; since this is supposed to be a Chinese student, I suggest that we use a Chinese person who speaks English well.)
B: Before I went to college, I thought that university life would be fun and easy. My friends told me that we would have lots of fun once we passed the entrance exam. If anyone ever says that to me again, I will let them know how wrong they are! Sure, it’s fun to be a university student, but it is also hard work. We have a lot of homework, and we have to write many papers and essays. I’m an English major, so most of my courses are about English. The first two years, the courses were similar to studying in middle school. We learnt more grammar and vocabulary, but we also had spoken English classes. In my junior year, I began studying other courses. I chose Linguistics because I am interested in languages, and I also took a few non-major courses. I like English best, but I know that I also need to learn more about other subjects.
Studying a language in college is different from studying other subjects. It is difficult to improve, so you have to spend a lot of time on reading, writing, and speaking. You almost have to “live in English,” that is, you have to use English all the time, not just in class. Our university offers a lot of help: there are many books, DVDs, and tapes that we can borrow, and there are different activities that help us practice our English, such as debate competitions, the university radio station, and conferences and meetings. I decided to become a teaching assistant for one of my foreign teachers. As a teaching assistant, I meet with a small group of freshman students every week. The meeting is their homework for their speaking class, and my job is to lead the discussion and help the students with their English. It is a wonderful way to practice my English-you learn a lot when you have to help others-and I enjoy making friends with students from other majors.
Unit 9
Listening text
Part 1
In 2004, the World Health Organisation, WHO, warned of a possible outbreak of another serious disease which may be even more deadly than SARS. The WHO believes that it is likely that bird flu will spread to human beings in the next few years. If it does, up to seven million (see note 1)people could die from the disease.
Diseases like bird flu are caused by viruses, that is, tiny things which change and become more dangerous over time. When a new type of a common virus changes, it may be able to get past the body’s immune system. If that happens, humans are in great danger until a cure or treatment becomes available.
There have always been viruses and people have always gotten sick, of course, but as we saw with (???What’s your question? As explained in the next sentence, SARS spread very quickly etc.) SARS, the situation is more difficult today. People travel more than ever before, which means that the diseases can spread quickly and across large areas - in fact the whole world.
Scientists are already working on drugs that will prevent or limit the effect of a new virus, but the process takes time. It is just as important to make sure that countries, especially poor countries, are prepared to deal with the disease. New diseases usually affect poor areas the most, so we must help develop health care in all countries.
One reason for the WHO warning is that big new diseases tend to happen regularly, usually every 20 to 30 years. In the 20th century, there have been three large outbreaks: the Spanish flu in 1918-19, which killed between 20 and 40 million people(note 2); the Asian flu of 1957, killing one million (note 4) people; and the 1968 Hong Kong flu, which killed about 750,000 people (note 3). It has been 36 years since the Hong Kong flu, so scientists and doctors think that the next deadly challenge is just around the corner.
Part 2
There are three kinds of viruses that cause flu: A, B, and C. Type A is the virus that causes bird flu. As the name suggests, the virus is usually found in birds. It can also infect humans, pigs, horses and other animals. There are several different kinds of the Type A virus. (Only Type A has several kinds? Yes. Only type A has “subtypes,” but both B and C are “groups” of viruses. If you think it is confusing, or unnecessary, you can delete the stc. Influenza Type B Unlike influenza A viruses, these viruses are not classified according to subtype. Influenza Type C These viruses are not classified according to subtype.) Type B viruses are usually found only in human beings. They have been responsible for some flu outbreaks, but they are not considered as dangerous as Type A viruses. Type C viruses are not considered very serious. They are found in humans, but do not cause serious illnesses.
The most dangerous thing about the flu viruses is that they change. When humans are infected with a virus, the body develops a defense for it. If viruses didn’t change, we would not have the worry about the viruses we know. Unfortunately, every new generation of virus is slightly different from the older ones. That means that our body doesn’t recognise the virus and can’t protect itself from it. This kind of change is not very fast and doctors and scientists can change the medicines we use to help prevent the virus from causing serious illness.
The other kind of change, however, happens very quickly and is more serious. If a virus changes in this way and becomes a new type of virus, the body is defenceless. The virus can spread easily from one person to another and reach far across the world. Fortunately, this kind of change doesn’t happen very often.
The WHO now believes that a new, dangerous virus will appear soon and that we must prepare the best we can. We must improve health care in all countries and cooperate with each other so that we can discover and prevent new viruses.
Unit 10
Listening text
G: Welcome to the Mark Twain House and Museum. Mark Twain is America’s most famous writer. Do you know any books written by Twain?
S1: Ehm, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and eh, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
G: Yes, very good. Twain wrote these books while he lived in this house. He loved the house because it reminded him of his youth, and from the window he could hear the sounds of his own children and their friends playing on the banks of the river.
M: Is the house still the way it was when Twain lived here?
G: Yes. The house has been restored to the way it was when Twain lived here, between 1881 and 1891.
M: How long will the tour take?
G: The tour takes about two hours, and the group must stay together. Please, don’t touch anything.
M: Oh, can you make it a bit shorter? I don’t think the kids will stay quiet for such a long time.
G: Fine. Entering the house from the south, we are now in the hall. Immediately on the right is the drawing room, a rather formal room, where Twain received guests. The door on the left leads to the guest bedroom. The two doors in front lead to the rooms on the north side of the house: the dining room through the door on the right, and the library through the door on the left. Let’s first take a look in the library.
S2: I think I don’t want to see the library.
M: Shut up, Dave.
G: As you can see, the room called the library does not very much look like a library as we know it. The library is one of the nicest rooms in the house. Here, Twain recited poetry or read aloud stories to his family and friends.
S1: Look, they’ve got greenhouse.
G: Yes. The small room on the west side, off the library was filled with large, green plants. Twain’s daughters called it The Jungle. From the library, we can pass on to the dining room. Twain and his family had most of their meals here. The kitchen is located off the dining room, to the north.
M: Can we have a look at the kitchen, please?
G: I’m afraid the kitchen is closed to the public until the summer of next year.
M: Oh, what a pity.
G: Let’s go and have a look upstairs.
M: I think the children are getting tired. What is there to be seen upstairs?
G: The second floor has three bedrooms, another guest room and the schoolroom. The third floor has a servants’ room, a guest room and the largest of the rooms, where Twain wrote his books.
M: Shall we go upstairs?
S1: I want to go to the bathroom.
G: You can have a look at the bathroom on the second floor.
S1: Can we use it?
G: I’m afraid not.
M: Shall, we just go and have a look at the school room then?
S2: No, thanks. I want to go home.
M: Well, OK then. Let’s visit the museum shop. Then you can go to the toilet, and we can eat an ice-cream before we go home.
Unit 11
LISTENING TEXT
Dialogue 1
T: Teacher J: Jeff
T: Take a seat, Jeff. What can I do for you?
J: Well, I’d like to have another talk with you about my career choices.
T: If I’m remembering well (not wrong), you are going to be a sales assistant, right?
J: Yeah, well. I’ve changed my mind again. I want to become a vet. I really like working with animals.
T: Oh, but that’s quite a big change from what we talked about last time. Are you sure about this?
J: Yes. I think working as a vet I can earn much better wages.
T: But Jeff, look here. You aren’t that good at maths, and last time you said going to college was not for you. How will you be able to do that? (The purple parts seem to be not closely related to becoming a vet?)
J: I will work very hard.
T: Listen, Jeff. This may be a disappointment, but I think this is not a good idea. I know it sounds good, but it requires many years of study to become a vet. I’m not sure whether you can manage that. Think it over, will you?
Dialogue 2
L: Lizzy M: Ma Lin
L: Hi, Helen. How are you doing? It’s only a few more months.
M: A few more months? What do you mean, Lizzy?
L: The exams, of course! Aren’t you getting nervous?
M: Nervous, why?
L: Well, don’t you think it’s all (they’re) important?
M: It’s ( They’re) important, but why should I worry? I think I’ve always been quite a good student, so I think (delete this?) I have nothing to fear.
L: Quite good is not good enough, you know. If you want to go to Peking University, you’ve got to come out first.
M: I don’t want to go to Peking University. I want to go to a local university, here in our own province.
L: How can you say that? You’ve got to try your best.
M: I will, but I’ve already made up my mind. I don’t want to live in a big city far from home. Even if I get a top score, I will stay here. You know, studying at a local university you’ll have less competition and better chances of graduating as the No 1. (more opportunities)
Unit 12
Listening text
Part 1
Conversation at a private education institute between Julian (J) and a female teacher (T)
J: Good morning, I saw your advertisement in the paper for Chinese courses and I dropped by to get some more information.
T: Great, which course are you interested in -General Chinese or Business Chinese?
J: Well, I’m not sure, what’s the difference between them?
T: The General Chinese course is for beginners. It covers everyday situations – you know, shopping, booking tickets, ordering food in a restaurant, things like that. It’s very popular with people intending to visit China for a holiday.
J: I see, so is it mainly Chinese conversation, or does it include learning to read and write as well?
T: It mainly deals with spoken Chinese for beginners, but students do learn to recognise about 300 characters – enough to read simple passages.
J: Mmm, and the Business Chinese course?
T: That’s a more intense course for people who need to use Chinese for business situations (delete “situations”?). Most of the students work for corporations who have projects in China. It teaches a specialised vocabulary that’s used in meetings, reports, letters and so on. There’s a lot of speaking practice in this course too, but it places more stress on developing reading and writing skills than the General Chinese course.
J: Is it suitable for beginners?
T: Well, some beginners do choose this course, but they find the workload quite tough. I suggest you take the General Chinese course first because most students find it helps them to have a basic knowledge of the language.
J: I see. And what about the cost? . . . [fade out]
Part 2
Professor Smith is giving an informal presentation to a group of students aged about 17 or 18.
Hello everyone, thanks for coming. Well, we all know that exams are stressful and cause anxiety. Today, I’m going to explain what happens to your body when you feel anxious, and then give you some advice that might be helpful to you.
To start with, it’s important to understand that anxiety is a normal, natural response to stress or fear, and in fact it’s quite useful. Anxiety causes physical changes which prepare your body and mind to face challenges. So feeling anxious about an exam is okay and actually helps you to perform well.
Anxiety becomes a problem, however, if you experience it too frequently or over a long period of time. In this situation, it becomes difficult to concentrate and you may find you get upset easily or lose confidence. It’s also common to suffer from extreme tiredness and to have difficulty sleeping.
Now, I recommend a 3-step approach to beat anxiety: Firstly, use breathing exercises to reduce your body’s physical stress. Secondly, use positive thinking methods to calm your mind and improve your concentration, and thirdly, plan your study schedule using the “Eating an Elephant” approach.
[titters and ‘eating an elephant?’ from audience]
What do I mean? Well, if I asked you to eat an elephant, you’d probably feel you couldn’t do it. You’d start to worry, feel stressed and experience anxiety. But if I gave you an elephant steak – say, about this size – could you eat it?
[murmers of agreement and ‘yes’ from audience]
Yes, so eating an elephant is easy if you cut it into smaller pieces and just eat one piece at a time. And when you study you should “cut up” your workload into small pieces and concentrate on one piece at a time, rather than the “whole elephant”.
Ok, let’s look at each of the 3 steps in more detail . . .[fade out]
Unit 13
Listening text
Dialogue 1 Two teenage girls
J: Julie L: Lucy
L: Hi Julie, Oh no! Aren’t you ready yet? You know, Colin will be offended if we’re not on time.
J: Sorry, but I can’t make up my mind what to wear. What do you think – this or the dress?
L: Well, the blue skirt and pink blouse are very pretty, but I think your red dress is better for a party, it’s more elegant.
J: Right, the red dress it is, have a seat, I’ll only be 5 minutes.(Can we say so?) Its quite common in informal speech
L: Ok, but be quick . . .Oh what a lovely necklace!
J: Thanks, my grandmother gave it to me, and before that it belonged to her mother. It’s over a hundred years old.
L: Really? But the way it shines it looks like new!
J: That’s because it’s a real diamond, don’t you know that diamonds last for ever, they never look old!
L: I didn’t know that th (???) … Look lets go, and you can tell me about it on the way, it’ll be embarrassing if we’re the last to arrive.
Dialogue 2 Two teenage boys
D: Hello Alan, what’s that you’re reading?
A: It’s called The Woman in White.
D: Oh, that’s a novel by Wilkie Collins isn’t it; we’ve been reading about the Moonstone in class. Is the Woman in White a detective story too?
A: Well sort of, but in this story the person who investigates is not a policeman like Sergeant Cuff, he’s an art teacher.
D: What is it about?
A: Well, I haven’t finished yet, but at the beginning of the book the art teacher meets a mysterious woman dressed in white while he is out walking one night. It turns out that the Woman in White looks very similar to his student – Laura - so he tries to find out more about her. He discovers that the man Laura has just married knows the Woman in White and is responsible for some terrible things that happened to her. It seems that Laura’s husband is a very wicked man.
D: Sounds exciting!
A: Yes, I hope the art teacher finds out the truth before Laura’s husband does anything bad to her.
D: Mmm, can I borrow it after you finish it?
A: Sure, it may take me a while though, because it is in English and I have to read slowly.
Unit 14
Listening text
Part 1
A bee-keeper talks about collecting honey from bees.
Once upon a time, bee-keepers killed their bees every autumn. Why? You may ask. Well, the answer is this. To get some honey, bee-keepers and farmers used to put out small wooden boxes in a corner of the farmyard. Bees would come and fill the box with honeycomb. However, there was no way of getting the honey out without killing the bees. So they used to burn a chemical close to the box in order to kill the bees and then take the honey.
Now, bee-keepers use beehives to collect honey. In the beehive there are a number of wooden squares with spaces between them which can be lifted out. In late summer, the squares, which are now full of honeycomb, are lifted out. The squares are put in a special machine and turned round and round very fast for several minutes. Turning the squares round and round like this forces out the honey. The honey is then collected and poured into jars. After that, the empty squares are returned to the hive for the bees to fill with honey the following year.
Bees need food to live through the winter. That’s why they make honey. Bee-keepers can do one of two things. Either they can leave some of the honey in the hive for the bees to eat during the winter. Or else they can remove all the honey and provide the bees with a mixture of sugar and water for the bees to eat instead.
Part 2
J : James, a birdwatcher, R: Reporter
(Forrest sounds and birdsong in the background)
R: Welcome to Poyang Lake in northeastern Jiangxi. We are here with a group of people who have come to look at the famous white cranes that nest here every year. Before we talk more about the cranes, we will ask James, one of the birdwatchers, to tell us about his hobby. Hello, James.
J: Hello. It’s a beautiful morning, isn’t it?
R: Yes, it is. James, you have been a birdwatcher for many years. What made you choose this hobby?
J: Well, I’ve always loved the outdoors. When I was a child, my mother would always tell me about the birds we saw. I wanted to learn about the birds, too. This hobby is a great way to combine travel, learning, and exercise.
R: Why are you here in Jiangxi today?
J: As you know, Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. There are some 116 species of birds that coming Poyang Lake in winter. After spending the winter here, they return home. It’s a paradise for birdwatchers!
R: Why do the birds choose this place?
J: Well, it’s warm here, and there’s lots of water and food.
R: So this must be a very important place for the birds?
J: Yes, it is. The government has made laws to protect the birds and to make sure that this remains a
safe place for birds in winter.
R: Many of us know that the famous white crane comes to Poyang Lake in winter. What can you tell us about the white crane?
J: It’s one of the fifteen species of crane in the world. China is home to eight or nine of the species, including some rare and very beautiful cranes like the white crane. It is one of the most endangered crane species, and we must do what we can to protect it. The white crane divides its time between Russia and China, and Poyang Lake is one of the most important places for them.
R: Thank you. Now let’s go look at the birds!
Unit 15
Listening text
X: Xiaoyi – young adult female radio presenter *
J: Jiawei – young adult male radio presenter *
C: Chen Yu – a male middle school student*
L: Liu Yue – a female middle school student*
Part 1
J: Hi, it’s Sunday, 20 past four and it’s time for 16:20, the weekly youth culture programme for young adults presented by young adults. I’m Jiawei . . .
X: And I’m Xiaoyi. Welcome to 16:20.
J: We hope you are having a good weekend. We’ve got a great programme for you today, so sit back for the next two hours and enjoy!
X: Yes, indeed. We’ll be reporting on spring fashions, including all the latest trends that appeared in the Shanghai Fashion Week. And then it’s Jiawei’s regular “Sports Round Up” when he’ll be bringing you all the news from the world of sport.
J: Yup, and this week I’ll be taking a special look at winter sports and talking to Wang Lei, China’s top snowboarder.
X: All right! You know, I really want to try snowboarding sometimes. Now, don’t forget that at 5:50 it’s “Sounding Off’, when you can phone in and tell us what you think about a current issue. Today we’ll be discussing the Internet and young people. There’s been a lot of talk recently about kids spending too much time on-line, and even becoming addicted to some games. We want to hear your views, so give us a call on 5628 3131.
J: Yeah, how can we solve this problem? Let’s hear your suggestions - the phone lines are open. That’s 5628 3131. But right now, let’s have some music. It’s time for “Listener’s Choice”.
Part 2
J: Listener’s Choice is your chance to hear the music you wanna listen to. So send us your requests.
X: First up is a request from two students at No 3 Middle School in Nanchang: Chen Yu and Liu Yue wrote to us saying . . .[reading] “ Please play something by the 12 Girls Band. We think the girls are great, and we really like the way they are mixing traditional sounds with pop music.” Thanks for your email guys, we totally agree with you.
J: We certainly do. For anyone listening who doesn’t know, the 12 Girls Band is a group of 12 young - and very beautiful - women who are using traditional musical instruments in a new way. Their music is a mixture of old and modern styles.
X: Isn’t it great that this is a type of music that all the family can enjoy together, from the very young to the elderly!
J: In fact Xiaoyi, it’s a type of music that people all over the world are enjoying together. The 12 Girls Band is so popular in Japan that all the tickets for 32 concerts were sold in just 10 minutes!
X: Wow, so what have you got for us to listen to?
J: Well, I’ve been listening to their album “Eastern Energy”. It’s a fantastic CD, with so many great tracks, but I finally decided on the 12 Girls Band’s cover version of a hit song by the British group “Coldplay”. It’s called “ Clocks”.
X: OK then. For Chen Yu and Liu Yue and everyone at No 3 Middle school in Nanchang. Here is “Clocks” from the 12 Girls Band’s album “Eastern Energy” . . .
[Musical extract from the start of track “Clocks”, Eastern Energy album, 12 Girls Band]
Unit 16
Listening text
Extracts from a presentation given by a female careers advisor.
Part 1
So, you’ve seen a job you want. You sent in your application and now you have been invited for an interview. What should you do and say to make your interview a success?
Well, first of all, consider the way you present yourself. When we meet someone for the first time, we get an instant impression about what type of person he / she is. This happens in the first five minutes, and once we have decided, we don’t usually change our opinion. So when an employer meets an applicant for a job, those first five minutes are vital.
To make a good impression, you need to pay attention to two things: the way you look and your body language.
Appearance is very important, so think carefully about what to wear. This will depend on the type of job you are applying for, but as a general rule, I’d recommend that men should wear a tie. I think it’s best to avoid jeans and casual trousers; they might make some employers think you also have a “casual” attitude towards work. Women, please don’t wear short skirts or anything too tight, and don’t choose anything that is too decorated – keep it simple.
Decide what you are going to wear a few days before the interview. This will give you time to check your clothes and make sure there are no stains on them or buttons missing.
Remember the “look” you are aiming for is neat, clean and tidy. And if you look good, you will feel confident.
Part 2
Now a few tips on body language.
Two very important things that will happen in the first five minutes of your interview are the handshake and eye contact. Both of these are important if you are to make a good impression.
You should look the employer straight in the eye as soon as you enter the room, give him or her a friendly smile and shake hands firmly. (Some people think a weak handshake shows a weak personality, so do give a nice firm grasp.)
Don’t sit down until invited, and then sit up straight and look interested. Leaning forward slightly when the interviewer is speaking is a good way of showing you are listening carefully, and don’t forget to keep as much eye contact as possible throughout the interview.
You will probably feel quite nervous about your interview – don’t worry, that’s completely natural. However, nervous tension can affect your body language. Please watch out for this. It is quite common that you move about in your chair and gesture with your hands a lot, so sit fairly still and hold your hands gently together in your lap if necessary.
One last hint: Our body language always shows when we aren’t telling the truth – our eyes and body move in different ways – and some interviewers are quite skilled in spotting this. A lot of us have a tendency to, er, expand the truth a bit when we want to get that great job, but believe me honesty really is the best policy!
★ 高三数学教学设计
★ unit 12 mainly revision(人教版高三英语教案教学设计)
★ 高三单元作文
