下面是小编给各位读者分享的托福考试备考阅读理解（共含10篇），欢迎大家分享。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“馨震涛”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
【待插入句子】On the other hand, amphibians in very hot climates use secretions from the mucus glands to decrease their temperature through evaporative cooling on the skin.
【待插入段落】Physiological adaptations can assist amphibians in colonizinghabitatswhere extreme conditions prevail. The tolerance range in body temperature represents the range of temperatures within which a species can survive. One species of North American newt is still active when temperatures drop to -2°C while one South American frog feels comfortable even when temperatures measured to 41°C—the highest body temperature measured in a free-ranging amphibian. [■] Recently it has been shown that some North American frog and toad species can survive up to five days with a body temperature of -6°C with approximately one-third of their body fluids frozen. [■] The other tissues are protected because they contain the frost-protective agents glycerin or glucose. [■] Additionally, in many species the tolerance boundaries are flexible and can change as a result of acclimatization (long-term exposure to particular conditions).[■]
答案
1.首先公布答案：3rd square;
2.看到待插入句子中有one the other hand，这是个典型的两方面对比!给我们的是另一方面，那么前面一定要出现跟这部分内容对立的一方面。
——“反过来，在很热的气候下生活的两栖动物(amphibians)会用一些分泌物(secretions) (通过皮肤上蒸发性的冷却)去降低温度。
3.最后让我们来看一下待插入段落的各个句子：(括号中为修饰成分)
——1st: 生理的适应可以帮助amphibians去占领(极端情形prevail的)栖息地。2nd:(体温的)忍耐区间指的是(represent) 一个温度范围(在这个范围内物种才能生存)。 3rd: 一个物种在气温降到-2度还能活动;而南美?在41度(高温)还觉得舒适(41度是在所有两栖动物中测量到的最高温)。 4th: 最近发现有些南美?可以在-6度生存5天，(几乎1/3的体液被冻住)。5th: 其他的组织被保护起来，因为这些组织包含抗冻物质。 6th: 此外，在很多物种中，忍耐区间非常灵活，可以因为适应环境(acclimatization)而改变。
看完之后就很清楚了，给的句子讲的是amphibians如何应付高温，那前面suppose应该说的就是处理低温的情况，所以放在讲-6度还能生存的后面。放好之后发现正好跟后面的additionally说的耐受区间可以变动搭配起来，perfect.
看完解析大家有木有发现，小新老师这是在耍我们啊，这么单纯的一道题，怎么就做得这么复杂了呢! 还是前面说的，重点其实不在选对答案，而是在于读懂段落中句与句之间的关系。刚才看的这一段，这么多其实就说了一件事——物种的温度忍耐区间!而既然是温度区间大家马上就了解了，肯定是能够生存的最高温和最低温。所以这一段第一句结合全文主旨，说physiological adaptation帮助它们在极端环境生存;所以其实第一句话已经完全剧透了全段——不就是围绕extreme conditions来展开嘛。第二句解释什么是tolerance range。后面就全部说低温和高温如何生存下来的具体方法了。
语法积累：
1. on the other hand 注意，要有相反的意思在里面，很多同学写作文都喜欢用这个词组，但一定要有对比才能用。
2. through evaporative cooling; in colonizing habitats;介宾结构，through... 通过...达到...的目的;一般要放到修饰对象前面去理解。
词汇积累
habitat 栖息地
prevail 流行
represent 代表
range 范围
【待插入句子】 Indeed, at the height of Athenian democracy there was no government separate from its citizenry.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
【待插入段落】 During the fifth century B. C. the council of 500 was extremely influential in shaping policy. [■] In the next century, however, it was the mature assembly that took on decision-making responsibility. [■] By any measure other than that of the aristocrats, who had been upstaged by the supposedly inferior “people,” the Athenian democracy was a stunning success. Never before, or since, have so many people been involved in the serious business of self-governance. [■] It was precisely this opportunity to participate in public life that provided a stimulus for the brilliant unfolding of classical Greek culture.[■]
1.首先公布答案：3rd square;
2.然后我们来看一下待插入的句子：Indeed表示强调，翻译成“确实”;at the height of… 在...的巅峰;还有一个there was no… 用否定来表示强调：没有政府是跟全体市民分隔开的，言外之意就是说雅典的民主程度非常之高。 既然是强调，那前面一定要出现过相应的信息。
3.最后让我们来看一下这一段的各个句子：
1st: 议会(council)在制定(shape)政策上非常有影响力。 2nd: 但在下个世纪，成熟的立法机构(assemby)承担了做决定的职责。3rd: (以除了贵族之外的衡量标准看来，贵族被本应是下等人的人民抢去了风头)雅典的民主是一个巨大的成功. 4th: 空前绝后，从未有这么多人民参与到自我管理的严肃事业中来。 5th: 正是有了参与到公众生活的机会，才刺激了古典希腊文化的发展(unfolding,展开)。
看完之后就很清楚了，整个段落一句话总结——雅典民主很成功。1st承接上文;2nd～4th讲民主如何成功;5th讲民主带来的影响。 而我们要插入的地方在民主程度高的后面，所以是在self-governance后面。放进去之后跟后面也能搭配起来，perfect.
知识小补丁
语法积累：
it was… that… 强调句的固定搭配;
other than… 表示否定，除了... 不是...
decision-making n+ v-ing; 理解的时候就按照v+n来理解，making decision;做决策。
never before, or since 前无古人，后无来者。
【待插入句子】One example of such tropical abundance is found in Panama, which has 667 species of breeding birds一three times the number found in Alaska.
【待插入段落】 When we look at the way in which biodiversity (biological diversity) is distributed over the land surface of the planet, we find that it is far from even. The tropics contain many more species overall than an equivalent area at the higher latitudes. This seems to be true for many different groups of animals and plants. [■]
Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics? [■] Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area. [■] The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. [■] But an analysis of the data by biologist Klaus Rohde does not support this explanation. Although area may contribute to biodiversity, it is certainly not the whole story; otherwise, large landmasses would always be richer in species.
1.首先公布答案：1st square;
2.看到待插入句子中有one example…，这是个典型的论点+论据的结构! 给我们的是论据，那么前面一定要出现论点，这样才能和举例子对应起来。 之后，看看举的是什么样的例子——这样的热带多样性被发现在Panama，有667个鸟类物种，是Alaska的三倍。
3.最后让我们来看一下待插入段落的各个句子：
P1:1st:当我们来看生物多样性(biodiversity)在地表分布的方式时，我们会发现这种分布(it)不是(far from)均匀的(even)。2nd:热带(tropics)比同样(equivalent)面积的高纬度(higher latitudes)地区包含了更多地物种。 3rd:这种现象对许多不同种类的动植物都是正确的。
为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，小编给大家整理了托福考试备考阅读理解,下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
【待插入句子】One example of such tropical abundance is found in Panama, which has 667 species of breeding birds一three times the number found in Alaska.
【待插入段落】 When we look at the way in which biodiversity (biological diversity) is distributed over the land surface of the planet, we find that it is far from even. The tropics contain many more species overall than an equivalent area at the higher latitudes. This seems to be true for many different groups of animals and plants. [■]
Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics? [■] Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area. [■] The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. [■] But an analysis of the data by biologist Klaus Rohde does not support this explanation. Although area may contribute to biodiversity, it is certainly not the whole story; otherwise, large landmasses would always be richer in species.
1.首先公布答案：1st square;
2.看到待插入句子中有one example…，这是个典型的论点+论据的结构! 给我们的是论据，那么前面一定要出现论点，这样才能和举例子对应起来。 之后，看看举的是什么样的例子——这样的热带多样性被发现在Panama，有667个鸟类物种，是Alaska的三倍。
3.最后让我们来看一下待插入段落的各个句子：
P1:1st:当我们来看生物多样性(biodiversity)在地表分布的方式时，我们会发现这种分布(it)不是(far from)均匀的(even)。2nd:热带(tropics)比同样(equivalent)面积的高纬度(higher latitudes)地区包含了更多地物种。 3rd:这种现象对许多不同种类的动植物都是正确的。
P2: 1st: 为什么高纬度有(比热带)更低的多样性?
2nd: 可能只是陆地面积的缘故。(托福中经典的自问自答!)
3rd:热带(比高纬度区域)包含了更大的地表面积，有些生物地理学家把这种多样性的差异(differnece in diversity)当成是(regard...as)这种结果(this effect, 只带前半句的热带面积更大)的反射——面积的事实(a fact)在我们看地球曲面投影图的时候并不总是明显的，因为投影(this)会夸大(exaggerate)高纬度地区的陆地面积。(这一句也考到了句子简化题，注意”先大后小”的原则，破折号留到后面读)
4th: 但是KR的数据分析并不支持这个解释。
5th:尽管面积可能导致(contribute to…)生物多样性，它当然不是全部的理由(not the whole story);否则(otherwise),大的地表面积就应该总是有更丰富的物种。 (言外之意是 并非如此。——考察常识)
看完之后就很清楚了，第一个段落讲现象，第二个段落讲原因。而待插入的句子说的是现象，所以放在第一段关于生物多样性的论点后面，perfect。
语法积累
far from… 跟上次课讲过的other than…一样，表示否定。
more…than…;lower…than…; larger…than… 识别比较关系。
regard…as… 被认为...
not the whole story 字面理解为“不是全部的故事”;常用的承上启下转移话题的短语。
词汇积累
diversity 多样性
distribute 分布
even平均的
equivalent 等价的
reflection 反映，反射
contribute to… 导致
otherwise 否则
P2: 1st: 为什么高纬度有(比热带)更低的多样性?
2nd: 可能只是陆地面积的缘故。(托福中经典的自问自答!)
3rd:热带(比高纬度区域)包含了更大的地表面积，有些生物地理学家把这种多样性的差异(differnece in diversity)当成是(regard...as)这种结果(this effect, 只带前半句的热带面积更大)的反射——面积的事实(a fact)在我们看地球曲面投影图的时候并不总是明显的，因为投影(this)会夸大(exaggerate)高纬度地区的陆地面积。(这一句也考到了句子简化题，注意”先大后小”的原则，破折号留到后面读)
4th: 但是KR的数据分析并不支持这个解释。
5th:尽管面积可能导致(contribute to…)生物多样性，它当然不是全部的理由(not the whole story);否则(otherwise),大的地表面积就应该总是有更丰富的物种。 (言外之意是 并非如此。——考察常识)
看完之后就很清楚了，第一个段落讲现象，第二个段落讲原因。而待插入的句子说的是现象，所以放在第一段关于生物多样性的论点后面，perfect。
语法积累
far from… 跟上次课讲过的other than…一样，表示否定。
more…than…;lower…than…; larger…than… 识别比较关系。
regard…as… 被认为...
not the whole story 字面理解为“不是全部的故事”;常用的承上启下转移话题的短语。
词汇积累
diversity 多样性
distribute 分布
even平均的
equivalent 等价的
reflection 反映，反射
contribute to… 导致
otherwise 否则
题目：European Green Crab: Tough Survivor
大致内容
GreenCrab，原产地在欧洲西海岸，但通过shiptransportation的方式逐渐widespread the world。它能够生存是因为对环境有适应力，适应温度能力较强，食物来源广泛，繁殖能力很强，并且因为体型较小，人类不会进行捕杀。相对Asian crab and blue crab有较强竞争力。因为more robustbody。科学家通过实验发现green crab找到食物location的能力更强，并且有更强的食物争夺能力，虽然Asian crab is more aggressive
文章“欧洲绿色螃蟹：强悍的生存者”，主要介绍欧洲的绿色螃蟹为什么能够随人类到达北美和澳洲后，成为当地强悍的入侵者(因为它们拥有多种强悍的适应能力，各段分类介绍)。
European Green Crab: Tough Survivor重复.09.10上午(本年度新题)
考句：Certainly green crabs have many of the attributes that seem to be prerequisites for successful invasion, including the ability to rapidly produce large numbers of offspring (one female green crab can lay up to 185,000 eggs per clutch and can produce clutches twice a year) and the biological tools needed to survive the environmental differences from one region to the next.
解析：这是文章句子简化题所在句。句子的难点有三：一是词汇量大，如attributes，prerequisites;二是长难句经典难点之并列对象的寻找(and the biological tools究竟与前面哪个成分并列，进而影响句意);三是抽象语义，即翻译成中文也不太明白作者所指的表达，如句尾出现的“the biological tools needed…”，什么叫做“被需要能够忍受从一个地区到下一个地区的不同环境差异的生物工具”，真是翻译成中文也不明白作者在说什么(这时候需要向后文寻找抽象语义的具体对应)。结果下一句话又是一句长难句：These tools include an unusual tolerance for wide ranges of water temperature and salinity, a widely varied diet that includes mainly bivalves such as oysters, clams, and mussels but also other crabs, seaweed, aquatic worms, insects, and small fish, and an aptitude for learning new foraging techniques. (分了三个层级的多重并列和大量生词)
考题1
The phrase “this respect” in the passage refers to
A. enormous variations
B. being smaller
C. number of inhabitants
D. shared characteristics
解析：
难点一，很多考生误以为这是词汇题，而词汇题的通常问法是：The word/phrase “…” is closest in meaning to。这道题题干中的“refers to”表明这是代词指代题，需要读懂句子找清前后指代关系;
难点二，很多人不知道respect有名词用法，=aspect，表“方面”;
难点三，回到原文读考句，读不懂。该句为： One may call them towns because even though they varied enormously in numbers of inhabitants, and some were smaller than large villages in this respect, they shared certain characteristics that set them off from rural settlements. 表明从居民数量的方面来看，一些城镇比大村庄的居民数量还少，但它们仍然是城镇，共享着区别于村庄的某些特征。所以此题正确答案是C。
考
Because what distinguished towns from villages was not so much size as the density of economic and social activities, one writer has argued that an important criterion for town is the existence of traffic jams—the hustle and bustle of oxcarts, long lines of wagons bringing fruits and vegetables, raw materials, and finished goods to markets, and the parade of men and women coming to shop, visit, or attend meetings.
解析：
这是句子简化题所在考句，最大考点在于“not so much A…as B”句式真正意义的考查。在这里，否定A，而肯定B。即城镇区别于村庄的特征并不是其规模大小，而是其经济活动和社会活动的密集度。同样的句式表达还有less A than B。反过来，more A than B，就是肯定A而否定B了。这一考点在同一篇文章中又再次考到，看下题。
考题3
考句：In southern Europe there was more continuity from earlier settlement patterns. Growth came less from the creation of new towns than from the flow of immigrants to old settlements.
It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that urban growth in southern Europe was marked by
A. more people in a greater number of towns
B. more people in the same number of towns
C. development of new settlement patterns
D. movement of people into newly created towns
解析：
第一句话“In southern Europe there was more continuity from earlier settlement patterns.”属于抽象语言，对抽象语言的理解，一靠大量阅读的积淀，二靠向下文寻找具体对应。此句中的抽象概念“more continuity from earlier settlement patterns”，具体对应到下句的“the flow of immigrants to old settlements”。因为“less A than B”中，A是否定内容，B才是作者重点叙述的肯定内容。
所以综合两句信息来看，南欧地区城镇的增长是来自于移民涌入原有的老的定居点，而不是去建造新的定居点/新城镇。所以正确答案选B。
待插入句子】 This process of speciation and colonization could have been repeated over and over again, gradually involving all the islands in the chain.
【待插入段落】The species on the Galapagos Islands today, most of which occur nowhere else, descended from organisms that floated, flew, or were blown over the sea from the South American mainland. For instance, the Galapagos island chain has a total of thirteen species of closely related birds called Galapagos finches. These birds have many similarities but differ in their feeding habits and their beak type, which is correlated with what they eat. Accumulated evidence indicates that all thirteen finch species evolved from a single small population of ancestral birds that colonized one of the islands. Completely isolated on the island after migrating from the mainland, the founder population may have undergone significant changes in its gene pool and become a new species. [■] Later, a few individuals of this new species may have been blown by storms to a neighboring island. [■]Isolated on this second island, the second founder population could have evolved into a second new species, which could later recolonize the island from which its founding population emigrated.[■]Today each Galapagos island has multiple species of finches, with as many as ten on some islands.[■]
1.答案：3rd square;
2.待插入句子：这个分化和殖民的过程会被不断重复，逐渐地包含所有的岛屿。
3.待插入段落：1st, 在G群岛上的物种们(大部分在别处都不存在)，起源于一些生物(它们漂浮/飞或者被吹过来)2nd, 举个例子，G群岛共有13种关系紧密的鸟类(叫G flinches)。3rd, 这些鸟儿在饮食习性及嘴巴类型上有差异(这和它们的食物相匹配)。4th, 越来越多证据表明，13种鸟都来自一种古代鸟。5th, 完全隔绝在岛上，最初的群体经历了巨大的改变(在基因库)，并变成了新物种。
6th, 之后，(新物种的)一些个体被风暴吹到了临近的岛屿。
7th, 在这第二个岛上被隔离，第二个founder population进化出第二个新物种(它们后来重新占领了那个岛——它们的祖先就是从这里移居出去的)。
8th, 现在，每个G岛都有好多种类的flinches。
4.分析：待插入句子提到了this process，所以要有指代，而且说的是不断分化和殖民的过程，看起来是比较概括性的说法，前面应该对这个过程有具体阐述。
在段落中，前面第一句话是总起的Topic Sentence; 之后举具体的例子，开始描述G群岛上鸟类的分化过程，5th～7th具体讲了如何从最初的鸟分化到更多，所以正好放在7th后面，8th开始讲分化之后的结果，正好衔接起来。
词汇积累
descended from 起源于
differ in 有差异
correlated with 和...相符
founder 创建者
英语四级阅读理解备考
1.音读
很多人都有出声阅读的习惯。这种阅读方式的主要弊端就是使阅读速度和效率受到说速度的限制。因为正常默读速度几乎要比出声朗读的速度快两倍以上。此外，出声阅读往往以不同方式表现出来，有时是唇诵，有时是喉诵。读写活动都会影响眼睛的扫视速度。因此，要克服这种不良的阅读习惯，就要养成通过视觉器官直接感知文字符号的视读能力。
2.心读
心读是一种很难觉察到的阅读习惯。在阅读的过程之中，人体的任何部位，包嘴，头喉都不动。只是在心里自言自语，一字一句地读出每一个词。由于这只是一种内在的说话方式，因此要改掉比较困难。所以要强制自己在深入理解文章的同时，还要强制自己加快阅读速度，才可以逐渐改掉这种坏的习惯。
3.指读
指读就是用手指，钢笔或其他东西指着一个一个词进行阅读的习惯。这种单纯的机械运动不仅会严重影响阅读的速度，而且还会把注意力引向错误的方向。况且对英语考生的要求不是考其注意单词的位置，也不是让其在每个单词上都平均花费时间，而是让他们把注意力集中在作者要阐明的思想内容上。恰恰是这种指读的习惯妨碍了眼睛的运动，并限制了大脑快速活动的能力，
因此，必须克服这种不良的阅读习惯，逐渐养成用脑反映文字信息的能力。
4.复视
复视即回视，重读现象。阅读能力差的人往往过分依赖复视，以至于养成习惯。所以阅读大量难度适宜的读物，就不会因遇到生词或不懂的短语，句子和段落而回过头再来看，以至于养成复视的习惯。阅读时要尽量控制自己，尽量做到一眼读完就读懂。如果这样效果仍不明显，可选用遮盖训练法，即看一行遮一行，使眼睛不重看。这样反复联练习可见成效。
5.头的摆动
有的人在阅读文章时，头部会无意识地左右摆动。这也是一种不良的阅读习惯。在阅读的时候，他往往会使自己的鼻尖对准正在读的每一个字。这样一来，当他顺着一行字往下读的时候，就会轻微地摆动头部。而当他开始另一行时，就会很快地转回去，以便使鼻尖再次对准要读的部分。这种情况下头的摆动，自己往往自己意识不到。而正是这种不必要的动作，对阅读速度产生影响。因此，在阅读时要想办法检测并控制头的`移动，以便养成阅读时只移动视线的习惯。
6.查字典
我们在做题的时候，往往会遇到部分生词，有的人查字典寻词义，而忽略采用猜测或逻辑推理的办法加以解决。只是频繁地查字典。这看似勤奋。实则用手代替了脑的思考。阅读时，查生词的次数过多，不仅影响阅读理解，而且容易打断阅读的思路，不利于阅读的进行和阅读能力的培养。事实上，有很多词完全可以根据上下文线索以及构词法推测出来。比如上下文同义或反义现象，关联词，以及前缀和后缀等。
除了以上提到的各点之外，还有一些不良的阅读习惯也会在一定程度上影响阅读效果。比如说有人阅读时心不在焉，有的学生一边阅读一边转笔，不时地发出声响。有的人身体乱动，还有人过多地进行语法分析等现象。而这些现象频繁的出现就会变成不良的习惯，影响阅读的效果，应当予以纠正。
阅读是
不过话又说回来，字典也不是不能用，如果你认为有必要更准确的理解这篇文章，或者想知道某些重要词汇的具体意思，那么你可以查字典，不过最早要在第一遍阅读以后再用。
除了要善于猜单词外还要善于运用语法。尤其是遇到那些复杂的长句，找出主谓宾，去掉那些无关紧要的小品词，句子就变得容易理解了。另外，关系从句和形容词定语句往往是使句子变得复杂的主要原因，这两条语法掌握得好对阅读理解有很大的帮助。
当你阅读完一段内容以后，有必要花短短几秒种的时间简单的总结一下，回顾一下这一段主要讲了些什么，这对你进行下面的德语阅读理解备考及解题技巧都会有所帮助。
阅读不要一个字一个字的读，这样不利于理解，你应该一句话一句话或一个意群一个意群的读。当你遇到不懂的单词时，也不要就此停下来去猜这个单词，你至少要把这一句话全部看完了再去揣测，有时候你会发现，这个陌生单词的意思在这句话中根本就不重要。
阅读没有什么太多的方法，最关键的就是多读。如果你还处在初级阶段，那么你可以去找些
更多十万份免费分享，亲们可以进入：
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德语阅读理解备考及解题技巧
〕随文赠言：【受惠的人，必须把那恩惠常藏心底，但是施恩的人则不可记住它。――西塞罗】Passage Three
A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres. The two genres most popular with the children I interviewed were ‘Platformers’ and ‘Beat-them-ups.’ Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children’s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed.
Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children’s everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive ‘yells’ at the screen. It is not only the ‘Beat-them-up’ games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their ‘lives’ and ‘die’ just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination. When the player loses and the words ‘Game over’ appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming ‘addictive’: the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have ‘one last go’ in the hope of doing better next time.
Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.
1. What is the topic of this article?
[A] How does playing computer games affect the level of violence in children
[B] There is no difference between Platform games and ‘Beat-Them-Ups’.
[C] How to control anger while playing computer games
[D] How to make children spend less time on computer games
2. Which of the following games is supposed to contain violent content?
[A] Sonic
[B] Super Mario
[C] Platformer
[D] Beat-Them-Up
3. What does unscathed (Paragraph 1, Last line) probably mean?
[A] unsettled
[B] unbeaten
[C] unharmed
[D] unhappy
4. According to the second paragraph, how does violence relate to playing computer games?
[A] When losing computer games children tend to experience frustration and anger.
[B] Beat-Them-Ups are more popular with children therefore more likely to produce violent behavior.
[C] People who have good hand-eye-coordination tend to be more violent than others.
[D] The violent content in the games gets children addicted to the games.
5. According to the author, why do video games lead to violence more than TV or movies?
[A] Because children cannot tell fiction from reality.
[B] Because children like to act out the scenes in the games on the playground.
[C] Because computer games involve children more than TV or films.
[D] Because computer games can produce more anti-social behavior.
答案及解析
1. 答案是[A] How does playing computer games affect the level of violence in children
解析：文章的主题，可以从第一段中看出。作者开头就说，A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played(计算机游戏的内容遭到很多非议)。第二段开头，作者又用这样的话引出下文：Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children’s everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games.(计算机游戏引起争议，有部分原因是因为，小孩打游戏总是过了头，游戏已经渗透到他们生活中去。人们担心，孩子们因为打游戏时间过长，渐渐变的有暴力倾向。)第三段开头，作者说，Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality对计算机游戏的一些担心，来自于孩子无法辨别虚构世界和现实世界。可见，作者本文主要讨论的问题，是计算机游戏中的暴力给孩子们带来的影响。
2. 答案是[D] Beat-Them-Up
解析：该细节可以在文章第一段找到。文章第一段介绍了主要的两类电子游戏：Platformers和Beat-Them-Ups。前者包括Sonic和超级玛丽。后者是打游戏者作为游戏中的卡通人物的单人独斗类游戏，后者一般被认为有暴力内容。关键语句为Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content.
3. 答案是[C] unharmed
解析：可以根据上下文判断：文章第一段结尾，unscathed出现的语句为，In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children’s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed. (从很多方面来说，可以把电子游戏里的暴力和卡通片里的暴力比较：卡通片中的人物被击中脑袋，或者从悬崖上掉下去，也可以毫发无损地走开。)只有[C]正确。其他选项，[A] unsettled：紊乱的，无人居住的，东飘西荡的，不安定的。[B] unbeaten：未捣碎的，未被击败的;未被超越的;[D] unhappy：不快乐的，不幸福的，都是错误选项。
4. 答案是[A] When losing computer games children tend to experience frustration and anger.
解析：文章第二段介绍为什么沉迷于电子游戏中会使孩子们产生暴力倾向。作者先将本段内容在开头进行综述，小孩打游戏总是过了头，游戏已经渗透到他们生活中去。人们担心，孩子们因为打游戏时间过长，渐渐变的有暴力倾向。尤其是游戏即将失利的时候，玩家就会觉得沮丧，为自己曾经的失误气恼， 总想再来一次(have ‘one last go’)。作者说，Platforms和Beat-Them-Ups同样会使孩子们觉得失利后的沮丧，因此[B] 的说法，Beat-Them-Ups更受欢迎，因此更容易激发暴力行为，是错误的。[C] ，手眼协调出色的人更容易有暴力倾向，文章并没有相关内容。[D]，游戏中的暴力使得孩子们沉迷于游戏中，文章也没有这样的说法。作者认为，容易使孩子们沉迷于其中的，是他们自己玩游戏时候的失利，游戏结束时，看到GAME OVER，他们对自己在打那一局时所犯错误的懊恼。
5. 答案是[C] Because computer games involve children more than TV or films.
解析：问的是为什么电子游戏比电影和电视更容易激发孩子们的暴力行为。解题的关键语句是The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior.电子游戏比电影或电视都更容易让孩子们有身临其境的参与感，从而对他们的社会行为影响更大。容易错选成[A]，孩子们分不清虚构和现实世界，这虽然是文章原句，但这并不是作者想引出的游戏和影视的根本区别。[D]是打游戏的结果，并不是作者想探究的，为什么游戏比影视更容易让孩子产生暴力行为的原因。
注释 Notes
narrative n. (本文中作名词)叙述，故事
genre n. 类型，流派
obstacle n. 障碍物
animated adj. 动画的
cliff n. 悬崖
unscathed adj. 毫发无损的
controversy n. 争议
spill over into 深入到，渗透到
prolonged adj. 长时间的
frustration n. 挫折
coordination n. 协调，协调性
annoyance n. 烦恼，烦扰，恼怒，恼火
addictive adj. 让人上瘾的
implication n. 含义，内涵
stability n. 稳定性，稳定
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