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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高一英语 Unit 1
Reading
1. In the movie Cast Away, Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. 在电影荒岛余生中，汤姆.汉克斯扮演了一个名叫查克.诺兰的男子。 1). play a part / role in…在中……扮演角色；在中起……作用；E.g. She played the part of the mother-in-law in the film. 他在影片中扮演岳母。John played an important part in the project. 约翰在这项工程中担任重要角色。 2). named Chuck Noland = who is named Chuck Noland. 过去分词做定语要后置，相当于谓语是被动语态的定语从句。E.g. The man standing by the window is our teacher. 站在窗户边的那个人是我们的老师。What is the language spoken in Canada? 在加拿大人们说什么语言？*** 须用后置定语的情况： a). 形容词修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything, 需要后置。E.g. Is there anything important in today’s newspaper? They said that they had something important to do that afternoon. b). 副词 Here , there, home, upstairs, downstairs, below, above, today 用来做定语修饰名词时，需要后置。E.g. The people here are friendly to us. On my way home, I met with a friend we hadn’t seen each other for 10 years. c). 各种短语，定语从句做定语时，需要后置。E.g. The girl with glasses is my Chinese teacher’s daughter. Mr. Wang has a son who studies at Qinghua University.
2. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. 查克是个商人，他总是很忙，没有时间和他的朋友们在一起。 so + adj. / adv. + that … E.g. There are so many books in the library that you can find any book you like. 图书馆里有那么多的书，你可以找到任何你所喜欢的。 He walks so fast that I can’t keep up with him. 他跑得太快我跟不上他。*** so …that 引导结果状语从句可以和such …that互换的情况：我们 首先来看下面的两个句子；She is so good a teacher that we all like her. She is such a good teacher that we all like her. 她是一个非常好的老师，我们都喜欢她。通过这两个句子的比较可以看出：so…that和such…that都可以用来引导结果状语从句。区别在于so常接形容词或副词，而such常接名词。但如果碰上单数可数名词同时又被形容词修饰，只需要调整形容词与不定冠词的前后位置就可以使so …that和such …that进行互换。E.g. She told us such an interesting story / so interesting a story that we all forgot the time. 她给我们讲了一个如此有趣的故事以至我们都忘了时间。It is such fine weather that we all want to go climbing. 这个句子中的such…that不能换成so… that，为什么？
3. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天，查克乘坐的航班在飞越太平洋时，突然坠毁。 1). on a flight 乘航班； E.g. I have booked you on a direct flight to Peking. 我已经为你预定了直飞北京的机票。2). crash n. 失事；撞车；vt./vi. 撞毁；坠毁；E.g. Last night he was so drunk that he crashed his car .昨天晚上，他喝得大醉，结果车子撞毁了。 A plane crashed near Urumchi last week, killing 105 passengers on board. 上周一架飞机在乌鲁木齐附近坠毁，105名乘客全部遇难。
4. Chuck survives the crash and lands on a deserted island. 查克在那次坠机事件中幸免于难，掉到了一个荒岛上了。survive vt. vi. 经历了灾难后还活着；经历了灾难后残留下来；E.g.
Only three persons survived that terrible plane crash. 在那次可怕的坠机事件中只有三人幸
免于难。Few houses in this district have survived after the storm. 大风暴过后，本地区残留
1.
下来的房屋寥寥无几。Those are the plants that survived frosts. 这些是经历了严霜而存活下来的植物。Both parents were killed the earthquake, but the children survived. 父母在地震中丧生了，但孩子们都幸免于难。 deserted .adj. 被遗弃的；E.g. a deserted house 空屋；a deserted wife 被丈夫遗弃的妻子；The street was deserted. 街上行人绝迹。He is so selfish that all his friends have deserted him. 他非常自私，使得所有的朋友都抛弃了他。Many people hurriedly deserted the city before the war broke out. 许多人在战争爆发之前就已匆匆逃离了那座城市。
5. On the island, Chuck has to learn to survive all alone. 在海岛上，查克不得不学会独自生存。alone与lonely的区别：alone adj. 独自的；单独的；(只做表语), adv. 独自一人；仅仅；E.g. I’m here alone in the USA. 我独自一人在美国。I have lived alone in the USA for four years.我已独自一人在美国生活了四年。 lonely adj. 孤独的；(用于人) 荒凉的；(用于地方) E.g. She felt even more lonely when she was walking alone among strangers. 当她和陌生人一块儿走着的时候，她感到更加孤独。The old couple live in a lonely village. 那对老年夫妇住在一个偏僻的村庄里。
6. In order to survive, Chuck develop a friendship with an unusual friend. 为了生存下来，查克和一名不寻常的朋友建立了友谊。 in order to 为了……； E.g. He hurried through his homework in order to play football with other boys. 为了和其他的男孩一起去踢足球，他匆匆忙忙地做完了作业。I agreed to her suggestion in order to please her. 为了让她高兴，我同意了她的建议。*** in order to = so as to, 在句中可互换，但是so as to不能用于句首。
7. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. 或许最困难的挑战是没有朋友怎样生存。 give a challenge 挑战；accept a challenge 接受挑战；challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事；challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事；E.g. When I said I was a good swimmer, she challenged me to a race. 当我说我游泳游得好时，她向我提出挑战一决高低。He challenged me to play table tennis. 他向我挑战打乒乓球。
8. Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important to have someone to care about. 查克了解到他需要朋友与他同甘共苦, 并且认识到照料别人是很重要的。 share sth. with sb. 与……分享/共同使用；share sth. between …and… 与…共同使用；share sth. among (persons) 与……共同使用；E.g. Why don’t we share the expenses among us? 让我们一起共同承担费用吧。He shared his money between his mother, his wife, his daughter and his sister. 他和他的妈妈，妻子，女儿，姐姐共用他的钱。Mother is sharing the cake among the children. 妈妈正在把蛋糕平均分给孩子们。
9. When he makes friends with Wilson, he understands that friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take. 当他和威尔斯交了朋友后，他明白了友谊是双向性的，我们付出的和我们应该得到的一样多。make friends with… E.g. I have made quite a few friends here. 我在这儿交了许多朋友。We made friends with him during the trip. 我们在旅途中和他结为朋友。
10. The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers. 我们从查克和那些拥有不寻常的朋友的人身上得到的启示是：朋友是老师。 learn one’s lesson 得到教训，启示； E.g. We learned his lesson that we wouldn’t drive too fast. 我们吸取了他开车太快的教训。teach sb. a lesson 给某人一个教训； E.g. That accident taught him a lesson. 那次事故给了他一个教训。
2.
<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高一英语 Unit 10
The world around us
1. Look at the causes and effects above．看看上面的原因和结果。 1). cause n.事业；原因；起因；E.g. the revolutionary cause 革命事业；She has made up her mind to fight for the cause of communism．她已下决心要为共产主义事业而奋斗终身。A cigarette end was the cause of fire．一个烟头是这场火灾的原因。Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter．热是膨胀的原因。What was the cause of the First World War? 第一次世界大战的起因是什么? vt. 引起；E.g. It is said that smoking causes cancers．据说吸烟可引起各种癌症。What caused the accident? 什么原因引起了这场事故？What caused the plants to die? 造成这些植物死亡的原因是什么？**** reason n. 原因；它指的是逻辑上推理出来的理由；而cause则指的是自然的客观存在的原因。E.g. We have reason to believe that he was murdered．我们有理由相信他是被谋杀的。What’s your reason for changing the plan? 你改变计划的理由是什么？ 2). effect n.结果；后果；E.g. The film had quite an effect on her．这部电影对她影响很大。I tried to persuade him，but with little effect．我尽力劝过他,但没起任何效果。
2. Steve Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered．史蒂夫琼斯是一位环境专家，他致力于保护动植物免遭濒危。 keep…from doing…. 阻止……干某事；E.g. The heavy rain kept us from going out．大雨阻止我们外出。We should keep people from cutting down too many trees．我们应当阻止人们砍伐太多的树木。People are kept from throwing waste in the park．应阻止人们在公园里乱扔废物。 Comparison：He kept me standing with my face to the wall for half an hour．他让我面朝墙壁站了半个小时。 Mr Wang has a strange way to keep his students from making noises in class．王老师有一种奇特的办法阻止他的学生在课堂上讲话。**** keep on doing….继续着做…….(有停顿)；keep doing…. 持续不停地干……；E.g. The baby kept crying all night．那个婴儿整夜哭闹。It kept raining for a week．雨持续下了一周。If you keep on trying, you will make greater progress．只要你们继续努力，你就能够取得更大的进步。
3. Many of the earth’s plants and animals have already died out, and several other species are endangered．好多地球上的动植物已经灭绝，一些别的物种正濒临着灭绝的危险。 1). die out 灭绝；绝迹；消失；熄灭；E.g. Many of the living things are dying out．很多生物正在绝迹。Many of our old traditions are dying out．我们的许多老传统正在逐渐消失。The forest fire died out．森林大火熄灭了。 2). species n.种类；E.g. a species of tiger 一种老虎；There are over 200 species of fish．有两百多个品种的鱼。Wheat is a species of grass．小麦是一种草本植物。 3). endanger vt. 危及……；给……造成危害；E.g. You will endanger your health if you work too hard．如果你过度劳累,你的健康就会受到损害。The
polluted air is badly endangering the health of the residents in that area．被污染的
1.
空气正严重地危及那个地区居民的健康。Drunk-driving can not only cause traffic accidents, but also endanger the lives of pedestrians．酒后驾车不仅会造成交通事故，而且会危及到行人的安全。
4. If we know more about what causes endangerment, we may be able to take measures before it is too late．如果我们能更多地了解致使生物濒危的原因，我们就可以及早采取补救措施。 take measures 采取措施；E.g. What measures will be taken to prevent fires? 要采取什么措施来防止火灾的发生? We must take necessary measures to solve these problems one by one．我们必须采取必要的措施，逐个地解决这些问题。The governments are taking measures to control the prices of all kinds of goods．各级政府正采取措施控制商品的价格。
5. When the habitat of a species is changed or destroyed, the animal or plant has to either adapt to the change or find a new home．当一个物种的栖息地被改变或遭到毁坏时，这种动物或植物就必须适应这种变化或者必须找到一个新的家园。 adapt to 适应……；E.g. Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life style? 你的思想能够适应新的生活方式吗？This TV plan was adapted from the novel of the same title．这部电视剧是根据同名小说改编的。We are going to have the material adapted for Senior One students．我们打算对这份材料进行改写以适合高一学生阅读。
6. A species may also died out if humans or other animals use too much of a plant or kill too many animals. 如果人类或别的动物从一个植物之中索取太多或杀掉太多的
<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高一英语 Unit 2
Reading
1. There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. 有四十二个以上的国家中的大多数人说英语。 Majority 多数；半数以上；E.g. The majority of students were indifferent to the political meeting. 大多数学生对政治集会不关心。The majority of people seem to perfer watching games. 大部分人似乎更喜欢看比赛。The minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。minority n. 少数；少数民族；
2. These people will perhaps speak the language of their own country at home with their family, 这些人也许在家中和家人说本国语言，of one’s own 自己的；E.g. Every country has customs of its own. 每个国家都有自己的习俗。Some of the students have computers of their own. 一些学生有他们自己的电脑。
3. However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million. 然而，把英语当成外语来学习的人数超过了七亿五千万。1). however conj. 尽管如此；然而；E.g. Certainly he apologized. However, I won’t forgive him. 他的确道歉了，然而我不会原谅他的。 We waited for her for a long time that day, she didn’t come, however. 那天我们等了她好长时间，然而她却没有来。2). the number of 与a number of 的区别：the number of 意为 “……的数目”；在句中做主语，谓语动词用单数。 a number of 意为 “许多”；用来修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数。试比较： The number of the students in our school is 1650. 我校学生的数目是1650人。 A number of the students have their own computers. 许多学生都有他们自己的电脑。 A number of well-qualified people have recently left the company. The number of people to the meeting is 128. 到会人数为128人。*** a number of 也可写成 numbers of, 意义和用法都一样。
4. In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world. 在仅仅五十年间，英语已发展成为了世界上使用得最广泛的一种语言。 develop into 发展成为；E.g. He developed the little store into a big department store. 他把那个小商店扩展成为了一个大型百货商店。The argument developed into a bitter quarrel. 这场辩论逐渐变成了激烈的争吵。The place has developed into a flourishing tourist center. 那个地方已经发展成为一个繁荣的旅游中心。
5. You can listen to English songs on the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet. 你可以通过收音机听英语歌曲或者通过因特网和世界各地的人进行交流。1). communicate with sb. 与某人交流； E.g. I often communicate with my friends by telephone. 我经常用电话与朋友们交谈。Young people sometimes can not be able to communicate with their parents. 年轻人有时无法同他们的父母取得沟通。 2). through （手段，媒介）依据……；经由……；E.g. I got the book through the post office. 我通过邮局得到了这本书。I learned of that event through Radio Beijing 我是通过北京广播电台得知此事的。
6. With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. 在有那么多的人天天用英语交流的情况下，熟练掌握英语会变得越来越重要。with型复合结构；with/without/like + 名词/代词
1.
宾格 + 现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/形容词/介词/副词及短语 E.g. She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her. 那么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。She said goodbye to her mother with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪跟她的母亲道别。Last night I left my office with all the lights on. 昨天晚上我没关灯就离开了办公室。With you standing here, I can’t work. 你站在这儿我无法干活。The thief was brought in with his both hands tied. 那个贼双手绑着给带了进来。A middle-aged man with his both hands in his pockets is coming towards us. 一个双手插在口袋里的中年人正朝我们走来。With so much work to do, I can’t go to the film with you today. 由于有许多工作要做，我今天不能陪你去看电影。
7. How did these differences come about? 这些差异是如何产生的呢？come about 发生；造成；E.g. He told me how the accident came about. 他告诉了我那件事故是怎样发生的。They didn’t know how the changes came about. 他们不知道这些变化是怎样产生的。
8. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 长期以来美国英语保持原样，而在英国英语变化了。stay the same 保持原样；stay vi. (link) E.g. He stayed single all his life. 他一辈子都没结婚。I stayed awake throughout the stormy night. 那个暴风雨之夜我一直醒着。The shop stays open until 10 p.m.这家商店一直营业到晚上十点。
9. At the same time, Britain English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words. 与此同时，英国英语和美国英语都开始借用外来语，结果导致了用词的差别。end up with E.g. He ended up his speech with a poem. 他最后以一首诗结束了他的讲话。We started with soup, and ended up with fruit. 我们开始时喝汤，最后吃水果。*** 反义词组 start / begin with。
10. Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English. 除了拼写上的一些差别外，书面语在英国英语和美国英语中大体相同。1). except 的用法：except 除之外；E.g. We go to work every day except Saturday and Sunday. 我们除星期六星期日之外，每天都上班。All of us have been here except one. 除了一人之外大家都来了。Nobody was late except me this morning. 今天早上除我之外无人迟到。 except + 从句 E.g. He goes to the library every day except when it rains. 除了下雨天，他每天都去图书馆。I know nothing about her except that she comes from Shanghai. 我只知道她是上海人，其他一无所知。I know nothing about the accident except what I read in the newspaper. 除了在报纸上所看到的情况外，我对这个事故一无所知。 except for 只是……. E.g. Your composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes. 你的作文写得很好，只是有些拼写错误。Your picture is very good except for some of the colors. 你的画儿画得很好，只是有些颜色不对。 2). more or less 多少；大体上；I have more or less finished reading this book. 我差不多已经把这本书看完了。Our work condition has more or less improved. 我们的工作条件多少有些改善了。
11. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other. 不过，英美两国人大多数时候都能毫不费力地听懂对方所说的话。 have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难/费劲； E.g. I have no difficulty in finding his home. 我毫不费劲就找到了他的家。 He has some difficulty in finishing the task. 他完成这个任务有很大的困难。There is much difficulty in finishing the task. 完成这个任务有很大的困难。
2.
<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高一英语 Unit 3
Reading
1. People also travel to meet new friends, to try new kinds of food, to experience life in other parts of the world or simply to get away from cold weather. 人们旅行还为了结交新朋友，品尝新食品，体验世界各地的生活，或者干脆为了避寒。1). experience vt. 经历；感受；E.g. I have experienced real hunger. 我体验过真正饥饿。Our country has experienced great changes in the last fifty years. 我们国家在过去的五十年中经历了巨大的变化。2). get away from 走开；离开； E.g. I’m too busy to get away from work at the moment. 此刻我工作太忙难以脱身。I can’t get away from the meeting. 对不起我来晚了。刚才我在开会，无法脱身。Please tell us how you got away from the enemy’s prison. 请告诉我们你是怎样从敌人监狱里逃出来的。You can’t get away from the fact. 你不可能回避这个事实。**** get away from 不用于进行时态。
2. Many of today’s travelers are looking for an unusual experience and adventure travel is becoming more and more popular. 当今许多旅行者在寻求一种非凡的经历，探险旅行越 来越受欢迎。experience (n.可数) 经历；(n.不可数) 经验；E.g. Please tell us about your experiences in Xingjiang. 请跟我们谈谈你在新疆的经历吧。 He is a good teacher with thirty years of experience. has much experience as a teacher. 他是一位有三十年教学经验的好老师。Jumping out of an airplane at three thousand meters is quite an exciting experience. 从三千米高空飞机上跳伞是令人兴奋的经历。
3. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking. 你有可能想去徒步旅行，而不愿坐公共汽车，不愿呆在旅馆里，不愿坐在沙滩上度假。1). instead of 代替；而不；E.g. The old woman goes to the park on Sundays instead of staying at home. 这位老太太星期天去公园而不是呆在家里。He went there on foot instead of by bus. 他是步行而不是坐车去那儿的。The boy went to the cinema instead of going to school that day. 那天这个男孩子没去上学相反他去了电影院。 2). try doing sth. 尝试做某事；E.g. He tried cleaning the spots with petrol. 他试着用汽油擦洗那些污点。 This morning I tried speaking English with our foreign teacher Dianna. 今天上午我试着与我们的外教老师黛安娜说了一会儿英语。*** try to sth. 试图做……; E.g. I tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but he wouldn’t listen. 我试图说服他戒烟，但他就是不听。
4. You will get close to nature and take exercise at the same time. 你既能接近自然同时又能锻炼身体。1). get close to E.g. The fire was so big that the firefighters couldn’t get close to the building. 火太大，消防队员们无法靠近大楼。*** 这个短语中的get也可以换成其他的一些动词如be / come / live / stay 等等。 E.g. She came close to him and whispered something into his ear. 她走近他对他低声说了点什么。Wu Peng lives close to the railway station. 吴鹏的家紧挨着火车站。2). take / get exercise 做运动；do exercises 做练习；He is doing an exercise in English grammar. 他正在做英语语法练习。We do morning exercise every day. 我们每天做早操。exercise 运动; (不可数) exercises 练习; (可数)
5. Here are some basic tips for successful hiking. 为了能使你成功地徒步旅行，下面提供一
1.
些基本技巧。tip n. 忠告；E.g. He gave me some tips on how to make friends. 他在如何交友方面给了我一些指点。I gave her some tips on how to learn English well. 我给她提了一些关于怎样学好英语的建议。顶端；小费；He burnt the tips of his fingers. 他烧伤了指头。 In western countries it is good manners to give the waiters some tips. 在西方国家给服务员小费是有礼貌的行为。
6. Watch out for dangers, such as spiders, snakes or poisonous plants. 注意躲避危险，比如蜘蛛，蛇咬或者有毒的植物。 watch out 当心；留神；注意； E.g. Watch out ! The man has a knife. 当心！那个人有刀子。Watch out for dangerous animals such as tigers and wolves while traveling in this forest. 在森林中旅行时要当心像老虎豺狼之类的危险动物。Watch out for that middle-aged man in a black hat. 注意那个戴黑帽子的中年人。The staff were asked to watch out for forged banknotes. 要求职员们留意假钞。
7. Wear a hat to protect your self from the sun. 戴顶帽子，以防阳光暴晒。protect … from / against … E.g. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴着墨镜来保护眼睛免受强烈的阳光照射。She wore a fur coat to protect her from the cold. 她穿着皮大衣来御寒。We must be protected against surprise attacks. 我们必须做好准备，免遭突然袭击。Take an umbrella to protect yourself from the rain. 带把雨伞以防雨淋。
8. If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks, 如果你想要进行一次普通的木筏旅行，你可以选择一条宽阔的，没有倒下的树木或岩石的小溪或河流。fallen trees 倒下的树木；过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词做定语，放在所修饰的名词前；过去分词短语做定语，放在所修饰的名词后。E.g. a polluted river 污染的河流；spoken English 英语口语；boiled eggs 煮鸡蛋；boiled water开水；a escaped prisoner 逃犯；a book written by Lu Xun 一本鲁迅写的书；a TV set made in Shanghai 上海产的电视机；buildings damaged in the earthquake 地震中毁坏的楼房。
9. You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a lift jacket. 如果你不会游泳，就不要做木筏漂流，而且漂流必须穿救生衣。unless 除非；如果不；E.g. I won’t go to the party unless I am invited. 除非被邀请，我是不会去参加那个聚会的。I will be back this evening unless it rains. 如果今晚不下雨，我就回来。Unless you run your way there you will be late for class. 如果你不跑步前进，你上课会迟到的。
10. Eco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning. 生态旅行是一种把普通旅行和学习结合在一起的旅游方式。1). combine 与……结合；与……合并；E.g. They combined their efforts to finish that hard task. 他们结合彼此的力量完成了那项艰苦的工作。We should combine our learning with pleasure. 我们应当把学习和娱乐结合起来。 Is it possible to combine our two schools? 我们两个学校有合并的可能吗？2). 前缀eco-表示与“生态”有关：E.g. ecology 生态学；eco-system 生态系统；eco-tourism 生态旅游；
11. Eco-tourists want to learn about the world so that they can make it better, or at least understand it better. 生态旅游者想了解这个世界，以便把它变得更好，至少可以更多地了解它。句中的so that引导的是目的状语从句，这类从句中通常有情态动词can, could, may, might。 E.g. He speaks in a loud voice so that everyone present can hear him. 他大声说，为的是在场的每一个人都能听到。I got up very early this morning so that I could get there ahead of time. 我今天起了个早，为的是提前赶到那儿。*** 注意下面的句子没有情态动词时的翻译：I got up very early this morning so that I got there ahead of time.
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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高一英语 Unit 9
1. Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers who live life “on the go” and use cellphones．跟许多中国青少年一样，王梅使用手机，享受“移动人生”，过着“忙碌”的生活。 1).teenager n. 青少年 （二十岁以下的少男少女）；E.g. There is a club for teenagers in our city．我们城市里有一个青少年俱乐部。 2). on the go 忙碌的；活跃的；E.g. She has been on the go all day．她终日忙忙碌碌。I have been on the go since 6 o’clock this morning．我从早上六点钟起一直忙碌到现在。**** go作名词可以构成下面的短语：all the go 时髦的；be full of go 精力充沛；have a go at sth. 尝试着做某事；E.g. Leather gloves were all the go last year．去年流行皮手套。He blew out all the candles on his birthday cake at one go．他一口气把生日蛋糕上的蜡烛都吹灭了。He is always full of go．他总是精力充沛。
2. Words and images are being sent throughout the world．1). image n. 形象；肖像；非常像的东西；E.g. His image is still fresh in my mind though he has passed away for ten years．他的形象仍然留在我的记忆之中, 尽管他已经去世十多年了。He is the very image of his father．他长得跟父亲一模一样。2). throughout prep. 遍及；到处；= all over E.g The news spread throughout the country．消息传遍了全国。It rained throughout the night. 雨下了整整一夜。
3. Modern cellphones are more than just phones-they are being used as cameras and radios, and to send e-mail or surf the Internet．现代手机不仅仅是电话-他们被用作照相机，收音机，还可以发送电子邮件或上网。1).more than不仅仅；不止是；E.g. Mr Chen is more than a teacher, most of his students regard him as their friend．陈老师不仅仅是位老师，很多学生都把他当着朋友。more than enough绰绰有余；more than happy 极其高兴；E.g. We were more than excited to hear of your success.听到你成功的消息，我们都极其兴奋。She said that she was more than surprised to see you．她说她见到你非常吃惊。 2). be used to do = be used for doing 被用来干某事；E.g. This tool is used to cut wire / for cutting wire．这个工具用于切割金属线。Bamboo can be used to build houses．竹子可以用来建造房子。
4. The latest cellphones have features such as games, music and an electronic calendar that will remind you about appointments and important dates．最新款式的手机拥有特别吸引人的东西，像游戏，音乐和电子日历，电子日历会提醒你别忘了约会和重要日期。remind vt. 提醒；remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事；E.g. Please remind me about it again tomorrow in case I forget．请你明天再提醒我一下免得我忘记。Please remind him to return the books to the library．请提醒我把这些书还给图书馆。She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers．她提醒我还没有浇花。remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事；E.g. The play reminds me of my childhood．这个戏剧使我想起了我的童年．This film reminded me of those years when I was in the countryside．这部电影使我回想起
1．
在农村的岁月。A student should always remind himself not to be late for class．
学生应当提醒自己上课不要迟到。You remind me of your father．你使我想起
你的父亲。
5. If a phone starts ringing in the classroom, teachers and students are disturbed and cannot work．如果手机在教室里响起，手机铃将会扰乱老师和同学们，使他们不能上课。disturb vi. vt. 扰乱；妨碍；使人心神不宁(常用于被动语态)；E.g. She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child．她静悄悄地开门以免惊扰睡着的孩子。He was disturbed by the news that you were ill．听到你生病的消息后他感到不安。
6. The students obey the rules and agree not to use their phones in the classroom．学生们遵守学校规章制度，同意不在教室里使用手机。1).obey the rules遵守规章制度；obey sb.服从某人；obey orders服从命令；E.g. As a soldier, you must obey orders．作为军人，你必须服从命令。The part should obey the whole．局部应当服从整体。2). agree to do sth.同意干某事；E.g. We all agreed to start at once. 我们都同意马上出发。Do you agree to this arrangement？你赞成这个安排吗？agree to sth. 同意某事；E.g. I agree to the plan /proposal. 我同意这个计划／提议。agree on sth. 对……取得一致意见；After discussion the two sides agreed on a ceasefire．经过协商，双方达成了停火协议。Finally they agreed on a plan of work．他们最后就今后的工作计划取得了一致的意见。agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见/看法)；(Sth) agree with sb. 与……一致；(食物/气候等)适合于某人；E.g. I agree with you / I agree with what you said．我赞同你的意见。Do you agree with him on that matter? 关于那件事情，你同意他的看法吗？As an honest man, his words must agree with his actions．作为一个诚实的人，他应当言行一致。The weather here didn’t agree with him．这儿炎热的气候不适合他。
7. I don’t dare to use the phone in school, because they will take it away from me．我不敢在学校使用手机，因为它会给没收的。dare vt. 敢；胆敢；dare to do sth. 敢于做某事；E.g. We should dare to think, dare to speak and dare to act．我们应当敢想，敢说，敢干。The girl dared to walk at night．那个女孩子敢走夜路。He didn’t dare to speak to her．他不敢和他讲话。Do you dare to fight him? 你敢和他打架吗？v. aux. 一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。E.g. I dare not climb the hill．我不敢爬山。Dare you tell her the truth? 你敢告诉她真相吗？How dare you say such a thing? 你竟敢说这种话呀？If the enemy dare come, they will never be able to get away．如果敌人胆敢来犯，管叫他们有来无回。If you dare break the rules, you will be punished．如果你敢违反纪律，你将会受到惩罚。
8. The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing．答案似乎是：无论我们在何处或正在做什么，我们都需要与朋友和家人不断取得联系。1).need n.需要；必要；需求；E.g. There is no need for you to wait here．你没有不要在这儿等了。in need of 需要；E.g.You look tired．You are in need of sleep．你看来很疲
2
倦，你需要睡眠。Are you in need of help? 你需要帮助吗？vt. 需要；有必要；
E.g. You don’t need to come if you feel sick．如果你不舒服，就不必来了。（如
果后面的宾语和其主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，要用动名词的主动形式或动词
不定式的被动形式。）E.g. These trees need watering / to be watered．这些树需
要浇水。2).stay in touch with = keep in touch with 保持联系；get in touch with
取得联系；lose touch with 失去联系；be out of touch with失去联系；E.g. We
stayed in touch with each other by letter in the past．我们过去靠写信保持联系。
Now we stay in touch with friends and family by phone．现在我们靠打电话同朋
友及家人保持着联系。3). no matter what / who / when / whether / whose / where
/ how 无论……；E.g. No matter where you are, you can always find time to study
无论你在哪里，你都可以挤出时间来学习。No matter who telephones, say I’m
out．不管是谁打电话过来，都说我不在。No matter what he may say, I’ll not
change my mind．无论他说什么我都不会改变主意。No matter how hard it is,
you must do your best．无论多么困难，你都要尽力去干。
9. Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer, since we can call for help in case of an emergency．有了手机也能使我们感到更安全，因为出了紧急情况，我们可以打电话求救。 1).call for 要求；大声呼叫；E.g. Frightened by the dog, he called for help．他被那只狗吓坏了，大声地求救。I’ll call for you at six o’clock．六点钟时我去接你。 Success calls for hard work．成功要靠勤奋。 2). in case of 万一；如果；E.g. In case of fire, ring 119．万一着火的话，请拨打119。In case of rain, the football match will be put off．如果下雨，足球比赛推迟举行。in case 在……的情况下；万一的话；以免；以防万一；E.g. In case anything important happens, please call me up．万一发生什么重要的事情，请打电话给我。Take a taxi in case you are late for class．打的去吧，免得开会迟到。I’ll leave some bread in case you are hungry．我将留一些面包给你，以免你挨饿。Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold．穿上暖和衣服以防天气变冷。 Ask the police for help in case of losing your way．万一你迷了路，请找警察。 In case of rain we will not come. 万一下雨我们就不来了。
10. Useful Expressions: 1). disagree 不同意；E.g. --Do you agree with me about the matter? --I disagree. --你同意我对这件事的看法吗？--我不同意。Finally he disagreed that I could do the work. 最后他们不同意我来做这项工作。 2). absolutely 当然了；E.g. --Can you agree a price? –Absolutely. --我们能不能商量一个价格？--当然可以。--Don’t you agree? --Oh, absolutely. --你同意吗？--当然同意。 3). That’s exactly what I was thinking. 这正是我在考虑的。 E.g. --I ask for a pay rise. --That’s exactly what I was thinking. --我要求涨工资。--这正是我在考虑的。 4). That’s just how I see it. 那正是我的看法。E.g. --I don’t think it is a good idea to climb mountains. --That’s just how I see it. --我认为去爬山不行。--那正是我的看法。I want to present my opinion, First…. Secondly…. Thirdly…. That’s just how I see it. 我想陈述一下我的观点：一……. 二……. 三……. 这就是我要说的。
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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高一英语 Unit 8
1. What do the five Olympic rings stand for? 奥林匹克的五环代表什么? stand for 代表/象征; 支持/主张(反义词为stand against); E.g. USA stands for the United States of America. USA代表美利坚合众国。The letters PLA stand for the People Liberation Army. 字母PLA代表中国人民解放军。We are always standing for a peaceful settlement of the border problems. 我们一贯主张和平解决边界问题。Which side do you stand for? 你支持哪一方?
2. Match the year and host city of the following Summer Games. 把下列夏季奥运会的主办城市和年代搭配起来. match vt. 和相匹配; 和相称; 比得上; E.g. The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat. 衬衫的颜色和上衣的颜色不相配。This pair of shoes does not match; one is large and the other is small. 这双鞋不相配; 一只大一只小。His deeds match well with his words. 他言行一致。No one can match him in English. 在英语上没有人能够比得上他。
3. Each question is worth one point. 每一个问题值一分. worth adj.值……的; (只能用来做表语)。E.g. This film is worth seeing twice. 这部电影值得看两遍。 That mobile phone is worth yuan. 那部手机值2000元。 I don’t think it is worth so much. 我认为它不值得那么多钱。The problem is worth notice. 这个问题值得注意。 **** worth与worthy adj.的用法对比: be worth doing = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done; Contrast: E.g. This book is worth reading. = This book is worthy of being read = This book is worthy to be read. 这本书值得一读。**** worth只能用well来修饰, 不能用very。
4. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. 每四年,世界各地的运动员们都要参加一次奥林匹克运动会. every + 基数词 + 复数名词 每……;每隔……; E.g. Take the medicine every four hours 每四个小时吃一次药。They usually go home every two weeks. 他们通常两星期回家一次。我们还可以用every + 序数词 + 单数名词来表达同样的意思。every five days = every fifth day 每五天/每隔四天; every other day. = every two days = every second day 隔天/每两天; We have Physics classes every other day; that is on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. 我们星期一, 星期三和星期五隔天上一节物理课。**** 不能说every a few days，应当说every few days。因为every已经包含了a / an的含义。
5. Women were not allowed to take part in the games. 妇女是不允许参加运动会的. allow vt. 允许; 许可; 句型: allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人干某事; allow doing sth. 允许干某事; E.g. Teachers usually don’t allow students to look up new words in the dictionary in the exam. 考试的时候老师不允许学生查阅字典。Are we allowed to smoke here? 我们可以在这里吸烟吗? We don’t allow smoking in our school. 我们学校不允许吸烟。
6. But they were not forgotten. 但是,奥林匹克运动会并没有被忘记. forget vt. 忘记；(后面可以接动词不定式，也可以接动名词，但意义不同)。forget to do
1.
sth. 忘记去做某事；forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事；Contrast: E.g. I went out in a hurry and forgot to close the window. 我急匆匆出门，忘了关窗户。Sorry, I forgot meeting you in Peking before. 对不起，我忘了在北京见到过你。Sorry, I forgot to bring my English book here today. 对不起，我今天忘了带英语书了。He forgot borrowing me 500 yuan three years ago. 他忘了他三年前曾经向我借过500元钱。.
7. They do their best to win the medals. 他们竭尽全力去夺取奖牌. 1). do one's best to do sth. 尽最大努力去做某事；也可以说try one's best to do sth.。 E.g. He did his best to run faster，but he failed. 他尽最大努力跑得更快了, 但还是失败了。I will do my best to help you. 我将竭尽全力帮助你。Doctors tried their best to save the child. 医生们尽全力来抢救这个小孩。2). win vt. 赢得; (宾语是a match / game; a race; a battle / war; a scholarship; a medal; success; friendship; reward等) E.g. Mary won the first place in the competition. 玛丽在竞赛中获得一等奖。She has a nature that quickly won her the friendship of her comrades wherever she goes. 她有一种天赋，这使她无论走到哪儿她总能很快赢得同事们的友谊。
8. The people of Beijing, and of the whole country, will be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and sports fans from all over the world. 北京和全国人民正在为点燃奥运圣火,迎接世界各地来的运动员和体育爱好者而努力准备着. prepare vt. vi. 准备；E.g. The teacher is preparing his lesson. 那位老师正在备课。 Mother was preparing supper when I got home from work. 我下班回家时妈妈正在做晚饭。prepare for… 为……做准备; E.g. Will you please help me prepare for the party? 你能不能帮助我为晚会做些准备？prepare to do sth. 准备做……; E.g. They are busy preparing to go on a vacation. 他们正忙着准备去度假。
9. Being the host of the Olympic Games will have good and bad efforts on the host city. 成为奥林匹克运动会的东道主, 对主办城市既有好的影响也有坏的影响. have an effort / efforts on 对……有影响; E.g. What the teacher said had great efforts on my son. 那位老师所说的话对我儿子影响极大。Cigarette and alcoholic drink have bad efforts on children’s health. 香烟和含酒精的饮料对儿童的身体健康有很坏的影响。
10. They will improve the environment in the city. 他们将改善市里的环境. improve vt. vi. 改善; 改进; E.g. The government should improve the living conditions of the people. 政府应当改善人民的生活水平。We should improve ourselves in English. 我们应当提高我们的英语水平。His health is improving. 他的健康状况正在改善。
11. When did he turn professional? 他是什么时候成为职业运动员的? turn vt. vi. link v. 变成 / 成为(可接名词或形容词做表语. 表语是名词时不用冠词); E.g. His hair has turned grey. 他的头发已经白了。He has turned teacher. = He has become a teacher. 他成为了一名教师。Both the sisters turned singer(s) at last. 这两姐妹最终都成了歌唱家。 **** 做联系动词时可以与become转换。
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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高一英语 U 7
1． Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方就有城市。where 是连接副词，引导地点状语从句。从句中用了there be 句型，where 含有条件意味。E.g. Where there are flowers there are bees. 哪里有鲜花，哪里就有蜜蜂。This factory will be built where I was born. 这座工厂将建在我出生的地方。I found the book where I had left it. 我在我原先放书的地方找到了那本书。地点状语从句有时可以改为定语从句，只要在其前面加上in / at the place短语即可。上面的两个从句可以改为：This factory will be built at the place where I was born. I found my book at the place where I had left it.
2． Peter the great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝就像他的国家一样，既强大又自傲。proud adj. 自豪的；骄傲的；be proud of = take pride in 以……为荣； E.g. Li Hua is very proud of his new car. = Li Hua takes pride in his new car. 李华为他拥有新车而感到自豪。be proud to do sth. 因做而感到光荣； E.g. I am very proud to call you my friend. 能够高攀您为朋友，我感到很自豪。 She is proud to be invited to attend the conference. 她对被邀请出席这次会议感到自豪。
3． St Petersburg has also been the center of many important events in history. 圣彼得堡还是历史上许多重大事件的中心。event n. 事件；大事；E.g. It was quite an event. 那的确是一件大事。affair, business, event 都可以表示“事情”的意思，但是各有侧重：affair 事务；要事；E.g. a very small affair 一件小事；affairs of state 国事；政务；business 事情；E.g. It’s none of your business. 这不关你的事。Mind your own business. 少管闲事.
4． In 1941, the Germans tried to destroy the city. 1941年，德国人试图彻底摧毁圣彼得堡。1). German 德国人；复数形式为Germans。注意下面的复数形式 American Americans； Russian Russians；2). try to do sth. 试图干某事；E.g. He tried to get the work done with little help. 他试图在没有帮助的情况下去完成工作。 try doing sth. 试着干某事；E.g. I’ll try doing the experiment in another way. 我将试着用另一种方法做这个试验。He tried cleaning the spots with petrol. 他试着用汽油擦洗那些污点。
5． It was under attack for 900 days, but the people of the city never gave in. 城市遭到攻击达900天，但是圣彼得堡人民从未屈服。1). under attack 遭到攻击；attack n. / vt. 攻击；袭击；E.g. make an attack on the enemy 攻击敌人；The PLA soldiers attacked the enemy under over of darkness. 解放军战士趁着黑夜袭击敌人。2). under prep. 在……的过程中； E.g. The matter is under discussion. 这件事情还在讨论之中。The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic. 正在修路，禁止机动车辆通行。3). give in vi.屈服；让步于；如要表示“向某人屈服”，要用give in to sb.； E.g. The murderer had to give in to the police in the end. 那个凶犯最后不得不向警察屈服。
6． St Petersburg was almost in ruins: fires burned everywhere. 圣彼得堡几乎成了废墟，大火到处燃烧。1). in ruins 废墟；遗迹；E.g. The houses across the street were in ruins. 街道对面的那些房屋成了一片废墟。Last Friday we had a visit to the ruins of ancient Room. 上周五我们参观了古罗马遗址。ruin n. vt. 毁灭；毁坏；使……毁坏； bring … to ruin 使毁坏；fall in / into ruin 灭亡； go / come to ruin 灭亡；E.g. The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了农作物。You will ruin your future. 你会毁掉你的前途的。2). fire n. 火；catch
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fire 着火；be on fire 燃烧着；set fire to 放火烧；put out fire 扑灭火； E.g. The house caught fire last night. 昨夜那栋房子着火了。Please be careful. The gas catches fire easily. 请小心，煤气很容易着火的。Look! The building is on fire. 你瞧，那边的房子着火了。 Who set fire to the building ? 是谁放火烧那栋房子的？With the help of the firefighters, they finally put out the fire. 在消防队员们的帮助下，他们终于把火扑灭了。When they got there, the fire had been out for five hours. 他们到达那儿时，火已经灭了五个小时了。
7． Buildings were destroyed, and painting and statues lay in pieces on the ground. 建筑物惨遭毁坏，油画和雕像的碎片满地都是。lie (lay；lain；lying) 躺；位于；呈……状态；E.g. The boy lay on the grass. 那个男孩子躺在草坪上。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。Her success lay in hard work. 她的成功在于努力。**** lie (lied；lied；lying) 说谎；E.g. Father got angry and shouted: “Don’t lie to me!” 父亲生气地吼道：“别跟我撒谎”。 **** lay (laid；laid；laying) 放；下蛋；产卵； E.g. An oil pipe is being laid between the two cities. 这两个城市之间正在铺设一条输油管道。The cook lied that the egg lying on the table had been laid by him 那只公鸡撒谎说桌子上的鸡蛋是他下的。
8． Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible, but the people of this great city would not give up. 重建城市，恢复文物似乎是不可能的，但这座伟大城市的人民不肯放弃。give up vt. 放弃；停止；E.g. His father was persuaded to give up smoking. 他父亲被劝服戒烟了。My teacher gave up teaching when he was 60. 我的老师60岁时退休的。
9． Painters and workers had to be very careful when they were trying to bring the city back to life. 画家和工匠们在努力使城市恢复生机时必须小心认真。bring … back to life 使……复活；使……苏醒；使……康复； E.g. When he came back to life again, he found himself in a hospital bed. 他醒来时发现自己躺在医院里。
10． With the help of old paintings and photographs, the people of St Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their culture and history. 圣彼得堡人借助旧画和旧照片，终于找回了他们的文化和历史之美。with the help of sb. = with sb’s help 在……的帮助下； E.g. With the teacher’s help we have made great progress in our studies. 在老师的帮助下我们在学习上已取得了很大的进步。
11． Old paintings, including a portrait of Peter the Great which was found in the snow outside St Petersburg, have been carefully recreated and the old palaces have been made as wonderful as in the past. 包括藏在城外雪地里的彼得大帝肖像的古画，都小心地进行了复制，这些宫殿变得如同过去一样壮丽。including prep. 包括；包含在内；E.g. I have to prepare lunch for ten people including me. 我得准备包括我在内十个人的午饭。Thirty persons were present at the meeting, including the headmaster. 包括校长在内一共三十人出席了这个会议。**** 如果名词或代词在前面，要用included来表达。上面的两个句子可改为：I have to prepare food for seven people, me included./ Thirty persons were present at the meeting, the headmaster included. 包括校长在内一共三十人出席了这个会议。
12． Like their hero Peter, the people of St Petersburg have shown that dreams can come true. 圣彼得堡人民就像他们的英雄彼得一样，证明了梦想能够实现。come true vi. 实现；E.g. We are very glad that all our dreams have come true. 我们很高兴, 我们所有的梦想都实现了。Many ideas that seem strange to you today may come true one day. 好多你现在看来不可思议的事情将来有可能实现。
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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高一英语 Unit 5
1． While still a student, she played roles in many plays. 当她还是一名学生时她就
在许多戏中扮演角色. play a role / roles 扮演角色；起作用；(在表示“起作用”时，只能用a role, 不能用复数roles)。play a role in… 在……扮演角色；起……作用；play the role of (sb.) 扮演(某人)角色；E.g. Zhao Wei played leading roles in many TV plays. 赵薇在许多电视剧中扮演主角。He played the role of an English teacher in that TV play. 他在那部电视剧在扮演一名英语教师的角色。Computers are playing a more and more important role in modern society. 计算机在现代社会中起着越来越重要的作用。He plays an important role in this company. 他在这个公司中发挥着重要的作用。
2． Meryl Streep got married in 1978 and has a son and three daughters. 梅丽尔 斯特里普于一九七八年结婚并生有一子三女. marry vi. vt. 结婚；与某人结婚；She married a middle-aged man with a lot of money. They married three years ago. 她与一位很有钱的中年人结了婚。是三年前结的婚。**** 不能说marry with sb.。也不能说They have married for three years. **** get married to sb.与某人结婚；E.g. Wei Hua got married to Wang Mei last year. 魏华与王玫是去年结婚的。be married to sb.与某人结婚；E.g Tom has been married to Kate for ten years. 汤姆与凯特结婚十年了。marry A to B 把A嫁给B / 让A娶B；E.g. The Smiths married their daughter to a doctor. 斯密斯夫妇把他们的女儿嫁给了一位医生。
3． Since then Keanu Reeves has acted in more than twelve films such as The Matrix
, Sweet November () and Hardball (2001). 从那时起，基诺里维斯拍摄的影片超过十二部，如<<骇客任务>>(1999)，<<甜蜜的十一月>>(2001)和<<临时教练>>(2001)等.1). such as 例如；诸如；(只能列举部分事物，不能全部列举) E.g. I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston. 我参观过几个城市，如纽约，芝加哥，波士顿等。Glass can be made into such things as bottles and cups. 玻璃可以用来制成像瓶子, 杯子之类的东西。2). more than 超过；不止；不只是；E.g. There were more than 100 people at the meeting. 一百多人参加了那次会议。They are more than schoolmates. They are close friends. 他们远不止是同学，他们是知心朋友。China Daily is more than a newspaper. <<中国日报>>不仅仅是一份报纸。
4． This was the moment when Spielberg’s career really took off. 斯皮尔伯格的事
业就是从这时起开始步入辉煌的. take off 开始有成就；脱掉；起飞；E.g. Meryl Streep took off in 1978 when she played a minor role in the film The Deer Hunter. 梅丽尔 斯特里普是一九七八年在影片<<猎鹿人>>中演配角时开始走红的。This is the book which made him take off. 这就是使他一举成名的那本书。It’s so hot, you’d better take off your coat.太热了，你最好脱掉外套。The plane is to take off at 10:00 a.m..飞机将于上午十点钟起飞。The six men got into the car and took off for the park. 这六个人上了车，匆忙离开去了公园。
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5． When the park is hit by a storm, things start going wrong. 当暴风雨袭击公园时
时，情况开始变得糟糕起来. 1). start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始做某事；
E.g. I usually start working / to work / at six o’clock in the morning. 我通常早晨六点钟开始干活。****下面几种情况习惯上用动词不定式：(1).当主语是
物时：E.g. It started to rain. 天开始下雨了。Trees start to turn yellow. 树叶开始变黄了。(2).当start后面是表示心理活动的动词如know, realize, understand等时：E.g. Now I started to realize I was wrong. 我开始意识到我错了。We start to see what he meant. 我们开始明白他的意思了。(3).当start本身用的进行时态时：E.g. He is just starting to study at Beijing University. 他刚刚开始在北京大学学习。Water is starting to boil. 水开始开了。2). go link v. 转变成；go wrong 变糟糕；不如意；走错路；E.g The machine went wrong. 这台机器出毛病了。Everything has gone wrong for her in the past few days. 在过去的几天中，她事事都不如意。Young people go wrong easily. 年轻人很容易误入歧途。**** go bad；go angry；go mad；go hungry；E.g. What can we do to make sure that no one in the world goes hungry? 为了确保世界上没有人挨饿，我们可以做些什么呢？She went pale at the news. 听到这个消息，她脸色苍白。When she heard her son was killed by a car, she went mad. 当她得知儿子被车压死时，她疯掉了。He went red with anger when he heard the news. 听到这个消息后，他气得脸都红了。
6． When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes
much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. 当有人问起斯蒂文. 斯皮尔伯格成功的秘诀时，他说在很大程度上他的成功和快乐应归功于他的妻子和孩子们. owe 欠钱；欠情；感激；owe sth. to sb. = owe sb. sth 把……归功于某人；欠某人……； E.g. “I owe all my success to the teachers who have taught me.” said Wang Shaohe. “我把我的成功归功于教过我的所有的老师.”王少鹤说。She owes her success to good luck. 她把她的成功归功于幸运。He owes his success to hard work and practice. 他的成功应归功于努力工作和实践的结果。Don’t forget you still owe me 500 yuan. 别忘了你还欠着我500元钱呢。I still owe that shop for the goods I bought last month. 我还欠着上个月在那家商店里买东西的钱呢。 We owe our duty to our country. 我们应该对国家尽义务。**** owing to … = because of … = thanks to … 因为；由于；E.g. Owing to the rain the match was put off. 由于下雨，比赛被推迟了。Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of time. 由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。
7． At first Minzhi doesn’t know what her students need to learn. 起初敏芝不清楚
学生需要学什么. need vt. 需要；有必要；后面接名词，动词不定式，动名词(主动形式代表被动内容, 这时可用动词不定式的被动态来替换)。E.g. This job needs skill and experience. 这项工作需要技能和经验。You don’t need to come here if you have no time. 如果你没有时间的话就不必来了。These plants need watering. = These plants need to be planted. 这些植物需要浇水。
8． She tries to keep the students in the classroom by locking them up in it and run-
2．
ning after those who escape. 为了试图使她的学生呆在教室里，她把学生锁在
里面，并且去追逃课的学生. escape vt. 逃离；逃脱；vi. 逃跑；逃走；(如果要表达从何处逃走要用介词from)。E.g. You were lucky to have escaped being punished. 你避免了受罚，真幸运。 The bird just escaped being shot. 那只鸟儿差一点儿被击中。How can we escape being seen? 我们怎样才能避免被看到呢？This mistake escape my notice. 这个错误我没有注意到。There is no way to escape doing the work. 没有办法逃避这项工作。Two of them have escaped. 他们中有两人逃走了。He escaped from the burning house. 他从着火的房子中逃了出来。Only a few people escaped from the danger. 只有几个人逃离了。**** escape 后面只能接动名词而不能接动词不定式做宾语。
9． Minzhi wants to go to town, but she can’t afford to buy a bus ticket. 敏芝想要
进城，但买不起车票. afford vt. (有足够的时间，金钱)做……；负担得起；
通常与can, could, be able to连用，后接名词，代词或动词不定式作宾语。E.g. I couldn’t afford a white and black TV set twenty years ago. 二十年前我连一台黑白电视机都买不起。Can you afford 100,000 yuan for a new car? 你花得起十万元钱买一辆新车吗？I can’t afford to waste time. 我浪费不起时间。I can’t the time talking with her. 我抽不出时间跟她谈话。
10. If you think highly of the film you may encourage other people to go and see it 如果你认为那部电影很好，你可以鼓励他人去看. think of 评价；这个短语可以用well, much, little, highly, badly等做状语来修饰。 E.g. I don’t think much of her as a teacher. 我觉得她作为一个老师不怎么样。They think little of the film. 他们对这部电影评价不高。We think highly of the work of our English. That is to say, what he did has been thought highly of .我们对英语老师的工作评价很高。也就是说，他所做的一切获得了很高的评价。
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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高一英语语法
The Attributive Clause定语从句
1． 语法术语及基本概念：
1. 先行词 à 被定语从句所修饰的那个词。
2. 关系代词/关系副词 à 用来引导定语从句的关联词。
3. 定语从句 à 一个句子用作某一名词或代词的定语时，我们称这个句子为定语从
句。被定语从句所修饰的那个词叫先行词。定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose,
that, which 以及关系副词when, where, why来引导，定语从句一般位于先行词之后。
2． 关系代词的用法：
1). 先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，用who或that来引导。 e.g. Do you know the man who / that is standing over there? The girl who / that took you to my place is my friend.
2). 先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，用whom或that来引导，但通常可以省略。先行词是人，关系代词在介词后面必须用whom，而且不能省略，也不能用that。The boy (whom / that) we saw yesterday is Mr. Wang’s son. The old man with whom I often go to the films is my grandfather.
3). 先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，用which或that来引导 e.g. The train which / that has just left is for Guangzhou. The earthquake which / that happened in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
4). 先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，用which或that来引导，但通常可以省略。e.g. The bird (which / that) we caught the other day flew away yesterday. The pen with which I am writing was bought in the Shopping Center.
3. 关系代词做介词宾语的情况：
1). 关系代词做介词宾语时，我们可以将介词置于定语从句的句首放在关系代词前, 这
时关系代词不能省略。我们也可以把介词仍放在定语从句的后部，当我们把介词放
在定语从句的后部时，关系代词可以省略；也可以使用关系代词that。e.g. Do you
know the man (whom / that) she was talking to? = Do you know the man to whom she
was talking ? The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what
it was going on inside the house.
2). 介词前置有这样几个要求：
a. 关系代词指人时，只能用“介词+ whom”，不能用“介词+ that”；省略关系代
词时，介词不能前置。比较下列句子并指出正误：
( ) 1. The boy (who / whom / that) you should write to is Tom.
( ) 2. The boy to whom you should write is Tom.
( ) 3. The boy to that you should write is Tom.
( ) 4. The boy to you should write is Tom.
b. 关系代词指物时，只能用“介词+which”，不能用“介词+ that”；省略关系代词
时，介词不能前置。比较下列句子并指出正误：
( ) 1. This is the hospital (which / that) my sister was born in.
1.
( ) 2. This is the hospital in which my sister was born .
( ) 3. This is the hospital in that my sister was born .
( ) 4. This is the hospital in my sister was born .
c. 固定短语动词不能拆散使用。即：不能把其中的介词或副词移至从句的句首。
比较下列句子并指出正误：
( ) 1. This is the child (whom / that) she takes care of.
( ) 2. This is the child of whom she takes care .
( ) 3. This is the pen (which / that) she is looking for.
( ) 4. This is the pen for which she is looking.
4． 关系代词whose的用法：
1). 关系代词whose 意思是“谁的”，“什么的”；它是who和which的所有格形式，
它可以用来引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中做定语，修饰从句的主语或宾语。e.g.
This is the house whose door / the door of which / of which the door faces east.
5． 关系代词which和as在引导定语从句时的区别：
1). 关系代词which和as都能用来引导非限制性的定语从句，代表整个主句的内容。有时候可以互换使用。e.g. She failed in the exam, which / as was natural. He is an honest boy, which / as anybody can see.
2). 定语从句放在句首时，只能用as来引导，不能使用which。as 引导的定语从句也可以放在句中。e.g. She comes from Africa, as can be seen from her skin. As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.
3). 当as在定语从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词常常用被动语态；如果从句的谓语是主动语态，则一般用which。e.g. As is well known to all, China is a developing country. She is from the south of China, which I know from her accent. This kind of computer, as is well known, is out of date.
4). 非限制性的定语从句如果是否定句，则常常用which来引导。e.g. Mr. Zhang usually criticizes Wang Jun in public, which he doesn’t like at all.
5). 非限制性的定语从句的谓语如果是复合结构，则常常用which来引导。e.g. Tom made great progress in Chinese, which made us delighted. The meeting room hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty. It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.
6). as常用于某些固定句型之中如: “as often happens”, “as was pointed out”, “as was said above”, “as I remember”, “as I understand”. e.g. As was said above, we should stop polluting the earth. As I understand, he won’t go out.
6． 只能使用关系代词that引导的定语从句：
1). 先行词是不定代词all, something, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one, little,
much等，只能使用关系代词that。e.g. Is there anything that I can do for you? Do
you mean the one that was bought yesterday? All we have to do is to press the button.
2). 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, just, very 等词修饰时，只能使用关系代词that。e.g. This is one of the presents that my boy friend gave me on my birthday.
3). 先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最高级所修饰时，只能使用关系代词that。
e.g. The most important thing that should be done recently is how to collect enough
2.
money for that poor student.
4). 先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时，只能使用关系代词that。e.g. This is the fifth book that he has ever written. When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes into mind is the West Lake.
5). 先行词中既有人又有物，用who或which都不合适时，只能使用关系代词that。 e.g. The car and the driver that killed an old woman were held up by the police. They talked about things and persons that they remembered at school. The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well-known.
6) 先行词为数词时，只能使用关系代词that。e.g. He brought three children yesterday,
Now I can see the three that are playing in the garden.
7) 复合句中含有两个修饰人的定语从句，其中一个已经用了who，另一个只能使用
关系代词that。e.g. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8). 主句是there be 结构，如果需要修饰的主语是物，只能使用关系代词that。e.g. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
9). 被修饰的成分为表语，或者关系代词本身在定语从句中做表语，只能使用关系代词that。e.g. That is a good book that will help you a lot. He is no longer the man that he was. My hometown is no longer the city that it used to be.
10). 当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who, which…which重叠，只能使用关系代词that。 e.g. Who is the man that is standing by the door? Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?
7． 只能使用关系代词which引导的定语从句：
1). 当先行词是物，非限制性定语从句只能使用关系代词which来引导。
2). 当先行词是物，介词放在关系代词前面时，这个关系代词只能是which。e.g. A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
3). 复合句中含有两个修饰物的定语从句，其中一个已经用了that，另一个只能使用关系代词which。e.g. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
4). 先行词是集合名词时，如果着眼于集体，关系代词只能是which。e.g. Our basketball team, which took the second place last year, play better this years.
8． 只能使用关系代词who引导的定语从句：
1). 当先行词是those, one, ones, anyone等时，关系代词只能是who。e.g. Those who want to see the film, please raise your hands. Anyone who plays with fire will get burnt.
2). 当先行词是用-body, 或-one构成的不定代词时，关系代词只能是who。e.g. Is there anybody else who should be invited?
3). 当先行词后面有较长的后置定语或者定语从句被分隔时，关系代词只能是who。e.g. A teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese.
4). 当先行词是集合名词时，如果着眼于个体，关系代词只能是who。 e.g. Our class, who are made up of the top students, will do our best in the coming mid-term exam.
5). 主句是there be 结构，如果需要修饰的主语是人，只能使用关系代词who。 e.g.
3.
There is a gentleman who wants to see you.
9． 关系副词when, where, why的用法：
1). 关系副词when引导的定语从句：when表示时间，在从句中做状语，用来修饰表示时间的名词如：(time, day, year, hour, week)等。它可以用相应的“介词 + 关系代词”来进行替换。e.g. I’ll never forget the day when / on which I saw Chairman Mao. We won’t forget the days when / during which we stayed with you.
2). 关系副词where引导的定语从句：where表示地点，在从句中做状语，用来修饰表示地点的名词如：(place, room, house, square, office)等。它可以用相应的“介词+ 关系代词”进行替换。e.g. This is the place where / in which he works. = This is the place (which) he works in. The house where / in which Lu Xun once lived has become a place of interest. = The house (which / that) Lu Xun once lived in has become a place of interest.
3). 关系副词 why引导的定语从句：why表示原因，在从句中做状语，用来修饰表示原因的名词如：(reason)等。它可以用相应的“介词+ 关系代词”来进行替换。e.g. I don’t know the reason why / for which he said that. = I don’t know the reason (which / that) he said that for. Can you tell me the reason for which / why you didn’t finish your homework? = Can you tell me the reason (which / that) you didn’t finish your homework for?
10．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
1)． 从形式上来看，非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开；限制性定语从句与主
句之间没有逗号隔开。e.g. This is the place where the Red Army made the crossing in
1934. Mr. Smith, who came to see us yesterday, is a relative of my wife.
2)． 从内容上来看，非限制性定语从句可以省略而意义保持完整；限制性定语从句不
可以省略。如果省略掉意义不能保持完整。e.g. Do you know the reason why I was
late? à Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. The dog which was lost has
been found. à The sun, which rises in the east, gives us heat and light.
3). 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句所表达的意义不一样。e.g. She has a uncle who
is a teacher. à She has a uncle, who is a teacher. In the class there are 12 students
who are good at English. à In the class there are 12 students, who are good at English.
4). 非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，只能用which来引导。
11. “one of the + 复数名词”后面的定语从句中 谓语动词的单数与复数用法：
首先比较下面的一组句子： a. He is one of the teachers that play basketball very well. –
à b. He is the only one of the teachers that is good at singing.
结论A. 先行词是“one of the + 复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词通常用复数形式。e.g. He is one of the few teachers who know Japanese well. She is one of the students who study very hard in Class I.
结论B．如果“one of the + 复数名词” 这一结构前面带有the only之类的限定词，后
面的定语从句中的谓语动词通常用单数形式。这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰the
only one，而不是那个复数名词。e.g. Mr. Chen is the only one of the teachers who has
published many English books in our school. He is the only one of the students who
studies very hard in Class III.
4
<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高三英语 Unit 8
Lesson 31
1. …but towards the end of our crossing a terrible storm came up and the ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain. 但是在横渡航程将要结束时出现了可怕的大风暴，要不是船长的努力，我们就会连船带人都沉没了。1). come up 出现；走上前；提出；发芽；e.g. I’ll let you know if anything comes up. 如果发生什么事，我会让你知道的。A beggar came up to us and asked for money while we were waiting for the train. 我们候车的时候，一位乞丐走过来要钱。The seeds I planted last week hasn’t come up. 我上周种的种子还没发芽。 2). but for 如果不是；e.g. I would not have succeeded but for your help. 要不是你帮忙的话，我是不会成功的。But for the snow we would have had a very pleasant journey. 要不是下雪的话，我们旅行会很愉快的。
2. But after pumping for one whole night, they were losing the battle against the rising water and were on the point of giving up. 但是在经过一整夜的抽水之后，他们没有能战胜不断上升的水，他们快要放弃努力了。on the point of doing 正要去做……; e.g. We were on the point of calling him up when he came. 我们刚准备去叫他这时他来了。I was on the point of leaving when it began to rain. 我正准备离开，这时天下起了雨。
3. The captain, as soon as he realized the situation, took charge . 船长一看到这种情况就采取了紧急措施。take charge 负责(人做主语); 不受控制(物做主语); e.g. Mr Jiang was sent to No 3 Middle School to take charge 蒋主任被派去负责三中的工作。The driving belt took charge and ran out. 传送带不受控制，脱了出来。Miss Liu takes charge of Class 1 Grade 3. 刘老师负责管理高三(1)班。
4. His strong will doubled their efforts. 他的坚强意志使他们加倍努力。
5. How the men pumped like crazy! 水手们拼命地抽着水。crazy adj. 疯狂的；狂热的；like crazy 拼命地; 疯狂地; e.g. You are crazy to do so. 你这么做简直是疯了。In order to finish his task on time, he works like crazy. 为了准时完成任务，他拼命地工作。be crazy on / about (dong) sth. 醉心于……；e.g. He is recently crazy on playing football. 他最近特别喜欢踢足球。
6. I asked him whether there was any hope of saving the ship. 我问他有没有希望拯救这艘船。there be … hope / chance of … 有……的希望/机遇；e.g. There is every hope of his getting well. 他肯定有希望好起来的。Is there any hope of getting there in time? 还有希望按时到达那儿吗？There is often a chance of the week defeating the strong. 弱者常常有可能战胜强者。
7. Neither I nor any of the sailors will leave the ship so long as it remains above the surface of the sea. 只要这艘船还在海面上，我以及我的水手都不会离开船一步。so long as 只要；e.g. We can surely overcome all the difficulties so long as we are closely united. 只要我们紧密地团结在一起，我们就一定能够克服一切困难。
1．
★ 开心的陈老师
★ 陈老师轶事散文
★ 感谢陈老师作文
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