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Tru64-FAQ-Misc Misc1--WhereelseisDigital UNIX discussed? Youcanjointhetru64-unix-managermailinglists.Sendwith: subscribetru64-unix-managers inthebodytoMajordomo@ornl.gov Archivesoftru64-unix-managersmailingsarekeptat: www.ornl.gov/cts/arch
Tru64-FAQ-Misc
Misc 1 -- Where else is DigitalUNIXdiscussed?
You can join the tru64-unix-manager mailing lists. Send with:
subscribe tru64-unix-managers
in the body to Majordomo@ornl.gov
Archives of tru64-unix-managers mailings are kept at:
www.ornl.gov/cts/archives/mailing-lists/
Check out the news group comp.unix.tru64
Misc 2 -- How do I add a new terminal definition?
Some applications on Digital UNIX use termcap; others use terminfo. tic(1) compiles a termcap definition for terminfo. It is best to add a new terminal definition both ways.
Misc 3 -- How do I boot to single-user mode?
>>> boot -fl s
-fl specifies the flags to the booted image.
Misc 4 -- I heard that OSF is dropping OSF/1. What does that mean for Digital UNIX?
[The following is a “position statement” on this subject from Digital]
As part of its reorganization in March of 1994, the Open Software Foundation announced transition plans for its existing technologies. It has been well understood since then that the June 1994 release of OSF/1, the OSF's operating system source code, would be the last. The possibility remains open that OSF sponsors may choose to fund additional work in the operating system area, but no projects are underway.
It is importantto understand what OSF/1 is and has always been. It is not a finished operating system but a set of operating system technology components, from which vendors can pick and choose pieces of technology that complement their product development strategies. Many UNIX system vendors use elements of OSF/1 code -- Hewlett-Packard in HP-UX, IBM in AIX, and many others, including Digital in Digital UNIX.
Digital uses components of OSF/1 technology, just as it integrates technology from other suppliers with its own internal development. By following this strategy of integrating needed components, Digital has been able to produce the best implementation of the UNIX operating system in the industry and to bring it to market quickly.
Since the initial releases, development of Digital's product has not been dependent on OSF code. Digital's plans for the future development of Digital UNIX are fully under Digital's control, and our plans for a fully SPEC 1170 compliant version, UNIX clusters, and other leading commercial enhancements are on course.
Misc 5 -- How can I read VMS BACKUP tapes on a UNIX machine?
There is a utility called vmsbackup to do this. Earlier URLs for this software are now invalid - the following is part of a set of FreeBSD ports - it may or may not work on other UNIX systems.
www.ee.freebsd.org/ports/emulators.html#vmsbackup-3.0
Vbackup is a commercial product which can read and write VMS-compatible BACKUP savesets.
www.bbc.com/vbackup.htm
Misc 6 -- How do I contact Digital Customer Relations?
If you are having a problem dealing with Digital that you cannot satisfactorily resolve through your local Digital office, please contact US Customer Relations at:
Internet:
response@mkots3.enet.dec.com
Phone: 800-DEC-INFO or 603-884-0915
FAX: 603-884-4692
Mail: US Customer Relations
Digital Equipment Corporation
Digital Drive, MKO2-2/D15
P.O. Box 9501
Merrimack, NH 03054-9501
Non-US customers may also use these contacts; information will be directed to the appropriate corporate office.
Please include your name, organization, address, phone number and Internet address in all correspondence.
Misc 7 -- How do I get an ESC (escape) character on a DEC keyboard?
1. Use F11 on the LK201 or LK401 (in most keyboard modes).
2. Use Ctrl-[ (left bracket)
3. Adjust the keyboard mapping in DECterm, if that's what you're using.
4. Use dxkeycaps to produce commands for xmodmap. See the manual pages for details.
5. Get an LK421-AA keyboard, a North American keyboard designed for UNIX systems. It has an ESC key, no caps lock, and the keypad has been removed so the keyboard is smaller.
Misc 8 -- Where can I read announcements from Digital?
biz.digital.announce is Digital Equipment Corporation's newsgroup for posting business information on products, services, significant contracts, organizational announcements, cooperative marketing agreements, alliances, seminars, promotions, etc.
The newsgroup will be organized so that you can use a “kill” file with your newsreader to skip over (or ignore) classes of announcements that are not of interest. All postings will be organized along the following lines:
Subject: Press/... Digital Press Releases
Subject: Fact Sheet/... - Supporting Fact Sheets
Subject: Backgrounder/... - Supporting Editorial Backgrounders
Subject: Partner/... Press Releases from Digital's Partners
Subject: Seminar/... Seminars offered by Digital
Subject: Promotion/... Sales Promotions offered by Digital
Subject: Show/... Digital Tradeshow Activities
Subject: Training/... Digital Education & Training
The new biz.digital hierarchy is:
biz.digital.announce News and Announcements
biz.digital.articles Newsletters, Catalog, and Journal Articles
Misc 9 -- Where can I get performance information about Tru64/Alpha products?
www.tru64unix.compaq.com/alphaserver
www.compaq.com/alphaserver
Misc 10 -- How do I report security problems to Compaq?
Security problems or questions should go to your normal Customer Support Center.
Misc 11 -- How do I deal with the swap file filling up?
Remove the file /sbin/swapdefaults and reboot.
Digital UNIX has two paging modes, lazy and conservative. Conservative means that paging space is allocated as memory is allocated, guaranteeing that there is always somewhere to page to. This limits VM to the size of the paging partitions, but makes for a very robust system. Lazy is more like what people are used to withUnix- paging space is allocated when needed for paging out, you can run more jobs, but you're in big trouble when everything fills up. By default, Digital UNIX comes up in the conservative mode. Removing the swapdefaults file changes the system to lazy mode.
Misc 12 -- How do I deal with login problems?
Versions of Digital UNIX earlier than V3.0 use the /upgrade file to allow aclearcase/“ target=”_blank“ >ccess to non-root users. Generally, on these versions, the inability of non-root users to log in is due to a problem with this file. Typically, this file gets deleted by somebody who doesn't understand its purpose. To recover from this problem, do one of the following:
1. cp -p /upgrade0 /upgrade
2. copy /upgrade from another pre-V3.0 Digitial UNIX system.
3. Obtain the O/S distribution media and extract the /upgrade0 file.
a. mount -r /dev/rzc /mnt
b. cat /mnt/ALPHA/BASE/OSFBASE200 | uncompress | tar xvf - ./upgrade0
c. cp upgrade0 /upgrade
NOTE: the 200 in OSFBASE200 varies based on the O/S version.
Digital UNIX V3.0 uses the OSF-BASE and OSF-USR PAKs to determine the amount of users allowed. A valid OSF-BASE PAK is required to activate the OSF-USR PAKs. By default, the OSF-BASE PAK alone provides 2 concurrent user support by activating an OSF-USR PAK which is automatically installed. If zero non-root users can login, then you probably have not installed your OSF-BASE PAK properly or it has expired. (Use the ”lmf list“ command to see the list of installed PAKs. A PAK is good if its status is ”active“.) Install a valid OSF-BASE PAK. If the problem still persists, then you likely do not have any OSF-USR PAK. Since one is automatically installed for you, this means that somebody inadvertantly deleted the PAK. You can recover this PAK by entering the following:
/sbin/it.d/bin/twouser
Two concurrent users should be allowed to login at at this time.
If your problem is that only two users are allowed to login at the same time, then you probably need a larger or additional OSF-USR PAKs. If you have installed an ”unlimited user“ OSF-USR PAK but are seeing a restriction on the number of users allowed to login, delete all OSF-USR PAKs other than the PAK which provides for unlimited users.
Misc 13 -- How do I figure out what version of Digital UNIX I have?
The following table correlates the output of the ”uname -a“ command to the ”marketing name“ for various Digital UNIX (DEC OSF/1) versions:
V2.0 240 V3.0 347
V3.0B 358.78 V3.2 214
V3.2A 17 V3.2B 214.61
V3.2C 148 V3.2D-1 41
V3.2D-2 41.64 V3.2F 69.73
V3.2G 62 V4.0 386
V4.0A 464 V4.0B 564
V4.0C 564.32 V4.0D 878
V4.0E 1091 V4.0F 1229
To determine the correct information for any version of Digital UNIX:
# strings /vmunix | grep '(Rev.' | cut -f1 -d';'
Or use (For DU v4.0 or higher):
# sizer -v | cut -f1 -d';'
Misc 14 -- Are there any Tru64 web sites?
www.unix.digital.com
www.tru64.org
Please let us know of other good sites. Send additions to admin@tru64.org
Misc 15 -- How do I free disk space for an update installation?
Some users have experienced problems recovering ample disk space after an update installation has aborted due to insufficient space. The following is an example of a typical problem encountered during an update:
1) The update installation exits and indicates that additional space is needed in a particular file system (root, /usr, and/or /var) to perform the update.
3) The user initiates another update attempt.
4) The update installation aborts again because of lack of space, even though the user believes that the space requested during the first attempt has been recovered.
There may be several reasons for this problem:
Some users are not following the proper method for removing system files to recover disk space, as described below.
Abughas been identified in the update installation disk space calculation for AdvFS file systems. See ”AdvFS Disk Space CalculationBug“ below.
Deletion of small files from an AdvFS file system may not immediately free additional space. See ”Additional AdvFS Considerations“ below.
The proper methods for freeing disk space are as follows:
1) Remove any non-critical optional subsets using 'setld -d'. Deleting or moving individual system files without using the 'setld' command will not yield the additional space needed to continue.
Refer to the appropriate appendix of the Installation Guide containing the subset size information that corresponds to the version of Digital UNIX that you have currently installed to help you decide which subsets to remove.
2) Remove any non-critical user-added files which are not part of the base or layered product inventory. Typical large space consumers are left over core files and kernels that are no longer required.
3) For those who have previously performed Digital UNIX update installations, left over obsolete system files, .PreUPD files, and .PreMRG files can use significant amounts of file system space. Use the 'updadmin' utility to first back-up then delete these files. Refer to the installation guide for more information on using updadmin.
4) For AdvFS filesystems, it is possible to save approximately 3MB in root by building a mandatory only kernel (the default) rather than an interactive kernel (i.e. do not specify the ”-i“ flag to installupdate). Note that you must specify the ”-i“ flag if there are optional kernel selections that your system depends upon that cannot be satisfied by a mandatory kernel. Section 5.20 of the Digital UNIX 4.0 installation guide gives descriptions of each kernel option.
AdvFS Disk Space Calculation Bug
--------------------------------
There is currently a known problem with the update spacecalculation procedure for AdvFS file systems. The bug may cause the update installation to report an amount of 'additional space needed' that is smaller than what is actually necessary. Therefore subsequent update attempts may still request additional space even after the amount originally requested has been freed. This bug will not corrupt your existing system or prevent you from performing an update, but it may cause you to have to free space and restart the update more than once.
This bug has been fixed for Digital UNIX 4.0B.
Additional AdvFS File System Considerations
-------------------------------------------
When removing small files (less than 8K) from an AdvFS file system, additional free space may not be made available to the file system immediately. After the total amount of space consumed by these deleted files reaches a threshold value, all of the space is made available in one large block. This explains why deletion of several small files may not increase the available block count (as shown by ”df“, for example). In this case the user must continue to delete non-system user-added files until there is an adequate increase in the available block count to allow the update installation to continue.
Misc 16 -- Why doesn't deleting individual system files free space for an update installation?
Deleting files which are part of installed base or layered product subsets will not produce additional free space because the update installation takes into account that these old files will be replaced by new versions. The disk space calculation determines how much additional space is needed to replace an old version of a file with its new version.
If the old version of a file is removed without removing the entire subset in which it resides, the update installation will still put the new version on the system. In this situation the full size of the new file will be allocated instead of the difference between the size of the original and new versions.
For example, if /genvmunixwas7MB and a new version of /genvmunix was 8MB, update would need to reserve 1MB of free space for the new version. If /genvmunix was deleted before the update, the disk space calculation would then reserve the full 8MB for the new file. So although 7MB was freed before the update, 7MB more would be reserved during the update, which would result in no difference in the amount of additional space needed to continue the update.
Misc 17 -- How do I tune my system for use as a web server?
Elaborate instructions are given on a Web page titled ”Digital UNIX Tuning Parameters for Web Servers", available at:
www.digital.com/info/internet/document/ias/tuning.html
This page is updated from time to time, as new information becomes available.
Misc 18 -- Why does dxaccounts tells me that the password and group files are locked?
If a dxaccounts process exits ungracefully (e.g. if a kill -9 is used) then it sometimes leaves a file in /etc called .AM_is_running. Deleting this file will solve the problem.
原文转自：www.ltesting.net
系统
系统xì tǒng[释义]①（名）基本义：同类事物按一定关系组成的整体。
②（形）有条理的`；有系统的。
[构成] 并列式：系＋统[例句] “星火计划”是一项～工程。（作定语）每个学科都自成～。（作宾语）[同义] 体系[反义] 零碎、个体网络上看到的 几句话，有点意思
ping mm：request timed out；
ping money：destination unreachable；
ping love：unkown host name；
ping future：reply from hell： bytes=32 time=99year ttl=1
原文转自：www.ltesting.net
一、总体结构设计
由于种种原因，企业的计算机应用软件系统不是固定的、静止的，而是处于动态变化过程之中，因此要求系统具有可修改性，系统总体结构设计的任务就是将整个应用软件系统合理地划分为各种功能模块，正确处理模块之间与模块内部的联系，使整个系统有良好的可用性、可读性、可修改性，易于调试和维护。
结构化设计是软件设计的一条重要原则，它通常与结构化分析方法及其它结构化方法相联系。1974年美国的 W.Stenens等首先提出了“结构化设计”的构想，以后逐步发展和完善，成为系统设计的基本思想。结构化设计采用一套使程序变得清晰且简单明了的设计原则和技术，因此缩短了编码、调试和维护的时间。结构化设计的最主要原则是将一个系统自顶向下按其层次关系进行设计，直到最低层的详细设计。即首先考虑系统或程序的主要功能模块，然后将主要功能模块分解为子功能模块，再继续分解，直到最低一层的功能模块。模块是结构化系统的基本元素，从逻辑上看，模块就是处理功能，给它一定的输入信息，它能对之进行加工处理，输出结果信息;从物理上看，它是一组程序。每个模块各自担负一定的局部功能，它们相互配合，共同完成整个系统的功能。
采用结构化系统分析与设计方法，主要考虑各子系统间数据的相对独立性和数据冗余问题，可将设备管理系统做如下划分：
二、子系统功能设计
设备管理子系统结构如图1所时，从图1可以看出，设备管理系统被划分为基础信息管理、设备维修管理、运行管理、故障管理、备件管理和系统维护六大模块。
图1
对于如图1所示的设备管理系统划分，采用自顶向下的方法，还可将子系统层层划分为第二层、第三层子系统或子模块，直到最低一级的功能模块，然后为最低一级的子系统设计其功能和输入输出，为应用程序的编制提供依据。例如，对于设备运行管理，就可以划分为如图2所示的功能结构。
图1中各子系统的详细功能如下。
1.设备基础信息管理
设备基础信息是关于企业设备固定资产的基本信息，记录设备的一般特性、状态、能力，是企业进行生产计划、工艺安排以及设备维护保养的基础，通过对企业设备固定资产信息的登记和维护，使管理部门能够随时掌握设备资源在全厂的配置情况，为设备购置项目的审批提供决策依据。设备基础信息管理模块由代码管理、原始数据、报表、折旧、汇总统计、资产清查 六个功能模块组成。具体功能如下：
(1)设备类别代码、设备折旧代码、单位代码等信息的定义;
(2)设备卡片的填写，根据设备卡片生成设备台账，形成设备基础信息;
(3)提供设备台账管理所需的各种报表，包括设备台账明细、报废设备明细、新增设备明细、完好设备明细、进口设备明细等各类报表;
(4)进行各台设备的折旧计算、统计出各单位应提折旧、各类设备应提折旧、并预测净值将为零的设备;
(5)按设备原值/净值计算设备新度，按单位、设备类别统计设备数量和价值，也可由用户自定义统计条件进行统计;
(6)资产清查的结果显示盘盈设备明细账、盘亏设备明细账、待报废设备明细账。
2.设备维修管理
维修计划的合理与否，不仅影响到维修资金的使用，而且可能影响企业的生产组织方式，因此，科学合理地编制设备维修计划，一方面要消除设备过分维修，另一方面应避免设备维修不足，以保证企业生产的正常进行。维修管理模块由维修信息、维修计划输出、维修计划完成情况、汇总统计、任意条件查询五个功能模块组成。具体功能包括：
(1)维修信息是有关设备维修的全部信息，包括设备维修计划和计划的实际执行情况等信息，该信息在整个维修过程中实时输入;
(2)维修计划输出可以输出大修计划、项修计划、小修计划、二保计划和改造计划;
(3)维修计划完成情况可以输出大修计划、项修计划、小修计划、二保计划和改造计划的实际执行情况;
(4)汇总统计包括：按设备类统计维修计划、按单位统计维修计划、设备大修项修汇总表以及由用户自定义条件进行维修汇总;
(5)由用户定义查询条件，查询用户所需的维修信息，
3.设备运行管理
设备运行管理是对设备完好状态、设备利用情况、设备效率和设备事故进行管理。是实时地对设备在运行过程中的状况进行信息的收集、并通过计算机汇总统计，将设备运行情况以统计表或统计图的形式直观地展现在管理人员面前，以辅助企业领导进行有关的决策。设备运行管理包括设备完好率、设备利用率、设备事故几部分，其具体功能如图2所示。
4.故障管理
设备故障管理模块由代码管理、故障原始凭证、故障查询、故障汇总统计四个功能模块构成，完成设备故障的管理工作。具体功能包括：
(1)定义设备故障部位、故障原因、故障现象、故障措施代码;
(2)故障凭证是有关设备故障的全部信息，包括发生时间、修理费用、故障设备编号、停机工时等信息;
(3)故障查询提供按使用单位、按故障部位、按故障原因、按故障现象、按故障措施查询故障信息的功能，并可由用户自定义查询条件查询所需的信息;
(4)按使用单位、设备类别、故障原因、故障现象、故障措施统计故障信息，提供停机次数最多的前n台设备、故障维修费用最高的前n台设备、停机时间最长的前n台设备、生产损失最大的前n台设备等统计信息，也可由用户自定义统计条件统计所需的信息。
图2
5.备件管理
备件管理由备件合同管理、备件计划管理、备件库存管理三个功能模块组成，完成备件管理的各项工作。
其中，备件合同管理备件采购合同的全面管理，包括如下内容：
(1)合同原始凭证信息编辑;
(2)备件合同明细、各供货地区备件合同明细、各计划员备件合同明细;
(3)按合同号、按应到货日期查询备件合同信息，提供延期到货合同明细;
(4)合同发票管理，包括应开发票合同明细、按发票日期查询合同信息、按发票号查询合同信息。
备件计划管理是根据设备维修计划，结合备件库存情况，制定备件需求计划。包括：
(1)备件需求明细编辑;
(2)年度备件需求计划汇总;
(3)备件计划明细;
(4)按任务编号输出备件计划;
(5)备件需求与当前库存比较表;
(6)按用户定义条件查询备件信息。
备件库存管理的主要目的是建立备件档案，进行备件的日常出入库业务和备件的报废等工作，在此基础上进行库存分析、统计汇总，产生各种库存报表，最后与备件合同和备件计划管理构成一个大系统，全面考虑备件的库存及库存管理，以达到提高维修供应水平、降低备件库存的目的。包括如下内容：
(1)备件档案编辑;
(2)备件入库管理;
(3)备件出库管理;
(4)备件报废管理;
(5)超储备件明细;
(6)短缺备件明细;
(7)备件综合查询。
6.系统管理
系统管理提供完善的系统维护功能，为用户熟练掌握并正确使用设备管理系统提供技术保障。系统维护包括设备管理系统操作环境设置、用户权限设置、打印设置、系统登录处理、在线帮助等功能。
所谓的绩效考核系统，就是管理组织和员工绩效的系统。绩效考核系统就如同为企业的各种管理系统搭建了一个管理平台，它是各种管理系统的纽带，透过它来验证各管理系统的运作效果。当前，中国企业面对诸多的机遇和挑战，许多企业都在探索改善企业整体绩效、提高企业竞争力的有效方法。
系统分析
如何建立科学有效的绩效考核系统，已成为人们普遍关注的热点问题。在引进和开发绩效考核系统的过程中，有些企业已经取得了一定的成功经验，但不同组织的发展状况、组织文化、组织气氛、组织结构和管理风格是不同的。在建立绩效考核系统时，不能想当然地认为适合其他组织的绩效考核系统也一定适合自己的组织。
系统概述
为了保证企业战略的有效实现，企业需要有效的保证战略执行的绩效考核软件。企业绩效考核是将集体和个人的努力与公司战略目标相连接，并通过计划、组织、指挥、协调与控制的手段使之实现的过程。绩效考核可以保证组织战略目标的实现、促进管理流程和业务流程优化、促进组织和个人绩效的提升。
公司的绩效考核系统符合平衡计分卡规则，帮助企业实现绩效考核，提高企业绩效考核的效率。绩效考核系统是一套软件和网络服务解决方案，可以方便衡量，控制和改善经营绩效。此外，系统运用平衡计分卡的概念也有助于提高企业的业绩，
系统意义
绩效考核系统是现代组织不可或缺的管理工具。它是一种周期性检讨与评估员工工作表现的管理系统，是指主管或相关人员对员工的工作做系统的评价。有效的绩效考核，不仅能确定每位员工对组织的贡献或不足，更可在整体上对人力资源的管理提供决定性的评估资料，从而可以改善组织的反馈机能，提高员工的工作绩效，更可激励士气，也可作为公平合理地酬赏员工的依据，对企业有着重要的意义： 1.用统一标准处理和提供信息，排除使用前后矛盾的不完整的数据;
2.完整及时地提供企业在管理中需要的数据;
3.利用指定的数据关系式分析数据，客观预测评估;
4.向各级管理机构提供不同详细程度的报告，缩短分析和解释的时间;
5.用最低的费用最短的时间提供尽可能精确、可靠的信息，以便决策者作出判定;
6.以最佳的实施方案，提高企业的管理工作效率。
系统功能
◆ 桌面：桌面菜单项要求将一些个人用户常用的功能放置在这里，如个人月度考核表录入、个人月度考核表管理、个人月度考核表查询等。
◆ 目标：目标菜单项要求根据用户权限的不同，查看单位及个人的年、月度目标。如单位年度目标、单位月度目标、个人年度目标、个人月度目标。
◆ 月评：要有个人月度业务目标录入与管理，个人月度考核表录入、管理、查询、审核，职能部门对个人加扣分查询、个人月度考核成绩查询等功能。个人月度业务目标录入，要求可以制定月度工作目标与考核标准，可以自由增加、删除工作目标。目标录入之后要提交到直接领导处审核，若领导还未审核则可以进行修改。
◆ 年考：要求可以录入个人年度业务目标，可以对目标进行管理及查询，还可以进行个人年度考核成绩查询。
◆ 班子成员评议：若当前登录用户为所在单位的班子成员，则根据权限对自己所分管的单位进行评议，进行加扣分操作并要求注明加扣分的原因。还可以对自己所有的评议进行查询。
◆ 通用操作：可实现密码的修改等功能。
◆ 管理员专区：若当前登录用户为该单位的管理员，则应该实现下述功能：
1. 单位管理包括设置新的单位、单位的名称、父单位名称、登录名称、登录密码，还可以根据单位承担的具体职能不同设置不同的若干个分组，还可以设置是否为【所属单位】，是否为【虚拟单位】，是否参加考核，是否属于职能部门等。还可以实现上述信息的自由修改。
2. 单位考核办管理可以添加新的考核办，并设置用户名与密码等。
3. 添加用户可以设置用户所在单位，职位类别、性别、姓名、身份证、登录名、登录密码、分管领导等。还可以设置该用户的序号(用于各种排名)，分管领导。还可以设置该用户是否属于班子成员、考核办、职能部门、单位管理员、是否可以发布公告。
4. 修改用户信息
5. 后台设置可以对录入月考核表日期进行设置、共性、业务目标分值进行设置、对个人、单位年度排名显示日期进行设置。
6. 分配班子成员评议单位
7. 分配职能部门监督单位可以设置职能部门对哪些单位进行监督。
8. 月度业务目标统计可以统计本单位所有人员的月度业务目标是否填写、是否调教、是否考核等。
9. 月度考核表统计可以统计本单位所有人员的月度考核表是否填写、是否提交、是否考核、排名是否确定、职能是否确定等。
10. 单位加扣分统计可以统计显示被扣分部门、进行加扣分的职能部门、加扣分的分值、加扣分的类型、目标类型、是否锁定等。
11. 单位业务目标统计可以统计本单位所有部门的业务目标是否填写、是否提交、是否审核、单位所在分组等。
12. 单位考核表统计可以统计本单位所有部门的考核表是否填写、是否提交、是否审核、单位iesuozai分组、排名是否锁定、评议否锁定等。
系统问题
在员工业绩考核体系的设计和实施过程中, 有可能出现以下这样一些问题, 从而损害业绩考核的效果.
第一, 只要求员工的直接上司对员工进行评价, 但是实际上经理人员与其直接下属的接触很少, 而且通常是在正式会议等场合, 对员工工作的情况了解的信息有限. 因此, 在实际评价过程中, 主管人员经常会把员工的工作知识的多寡作为评价的标准, 而不是根据员工任务的完成情况.
第二, 工作绩效评价的标准不稳定, 有的评价者非常严厉, 而有的评价者则非常宽松. 这样对员工是不公平的.
第三, 评价者个人的价值观和偏见影响工作评价标准的执行情况, 或者主管人员为了保持部门内部的一团和气, 结果使得工作出色的员工的成绩在评价中受到压制, 而工作平庸的员工却受到偏袒.
第四, 在工作绩效评价过程中, 有些主管人员处于高人一等的评判员的位置上, 结果降低了员工对业绩考核系统的接受和认同的程度, 也妨碍主管人员与下属的教--学关系的发展.
第五, 经理人员不重视对工作绩效评价信息的利用, 很少向员工提供绩效评价信息的反馈, 不利于员工工作业绩水平的提高.
[绩效考核系统]
★ IT系统承包合同
★ 系统自查报告
★ 计划系统
★ 农业系统工作总结
★ 企业系统新解
★ 印章系统承诺书
★ 系统不认硬盘
