下面是小编收集整理的人教版高中地理全套教案（共含13篇），仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“jingjingliang25”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
【课标要求】
1、结合实例，了解遥感在资源普查、环境和灾害监测中的应用。
2、举例说出全球定位系统在定位导航中的应用。
3、运用有关资料，了解地理信息系统在城市管理中的功能。
4、了解数字地球的含义。
【教材分析】
随着社会的发展，RS、GPS、GIS等地理信息技术的大众化应用已成为趋势，也给地理学科发展带来了一次好的机遇，同时也是高考的必考点，因此应该高度重视该节内容。
【教学目标】
知识与技能
1、了解遥感、全球定位系统、地理信息系统的原理，以及数字地球的含义。
2、举例说明遥感、全球定位系统、地理信息系统在区域地理环境研究中的应用。
过程与方法
1、运用资料分析问题和图表对比方法。
2、尝试小组合作进行资料、图像查找。
情感、态度与价值观
1、培养学生对地理信息技术进行探究的兴趣。
2、培养学生分析问题、解决实际问题的能力。
3、进行爱国主义思想教育，以增强学生的民族自豪感。
【教学重点】
1、遥感、全球定位系统、地理信息系统的原理，以及数字地球的含义。
2、遥感、全球定位系统、地理信息系统在区域地理环境研究中的应用。
【教学难点】
1、遥感、全球定位系统、地理信息系统的原理，以及数字地球的含义。
2、遥感、全球定位系统、地理信息系统在区域地理环境研究中的应用。
【教学方法】比较法、图示分析法、图示法等
【教具准备】多媒体课件
【课时安排】3课时
【第一课时】
(新课引入)在区域的研究中不仅有定性的研究方法，还有定量的研究方法，其中地理信息技术在区域发展的研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。今天我们就来学习有关地理信息技术的知识及其在区域地理环境研究中的应用。
【板书】一、地理信息技术
1.概念：指获取、管理、分析和应用地理空间信息的现代技术的总称。
2.主要包括：遥感(RS)、全球定位系统(GPS)和地理信息系统(GIS)
3.应用——广泛应用于区域地理环境研究
资源调查、环境监测、自然灾害防御监测、国土资源管理、国土开发规划
GPS汽车导航、空间信息网站、城市多媒体地理信息系统等。获取管理分析应用RSGPSGIS区域地理
自然灾害防御检测国土开发规划
【板书】二、遥感(RS)
1.概念：在航空器(如飞机、高空气球)或航天器(如人造卫星)上利用一定的技术装备，对地表物体进行远距离的感知。
2.遥感的关键装置——传感器
⑴作用：传感器在航空或航天器上接受地面物体反射或辐射的电磁波信息，并以图像胶片或数据磁带记录下来，传送到地面接收站。
⑵工作原理：地面物体的种类、性质、环境条件的不同，其反射和辐射的电磁波也各不相同。
3.遥感技术的主要环节和功能
4、特点(优点)：
①精度高、质量高、效率高，且节省人力、财力。
(讲解)在区域地理研究中，遥感已成为重要的手段和方法。传统的工作方法经常是从点、线实地观测入手，逐渐过渡到面上的分析研究。运用遥感技术，则可以首先从面上的区域分析研究入手，然后有重点地选择若干点、线进行野外验证和检查。这样，不仅可以提高研究工作的精度和质量，而且节省人力、财力，提高效率。
②遥感信息作为重要的信息源，为区域地理环境研究从定性到定量、从静态到动态、从过程到模式的转化和发展，提供了条件。
(讲解)区域地理环境研究的前提是获取地理信息。例如，将多次或逐月、逐年的遥感影像图叠加，就可反映城市的扩张、海岸的侵蚀、湖泊的消长，等等。
5、应用范围：资源调查、环境监测、自然灾害防御监测等领域。
(讲解)在区域地理环境研究中,遥感广泛应用于资源凋查、环境监测、自然灾害防御监测等领域。遥感技术的应用范围很广。
案例介绍：
洞庭湖及荆江地区飞机、卫星遥感影像对洪水监测
19夏秋，长江流域发生了罕见的大洪水，中科院遥感所等科研部门，利用飞机遥感监测和卫星遥感监测技术，对洞庭湖及荆江地区洪灾情况进行监测，在很短的时间内获得了较全面的资料，给抗洪决策提供了科学依据，为夺取抗洪斗争立了大功。
区域地理环境研究的前提是获取地理信息。例如，将多次或逐月、逐年的遥感影像图叠加，就可反映城市的扩张、海岸的侵蚀、湖泊的消长，等等。在区域地理环境研究中,遥感广泛应用于资源凋查、环境监测、自然灾害防御监测等领域。
遥感技术的应用范围很广。除了以上介绍的森林火灾、洪水监测外，还广泛应用于农业、地质、海洋研究、环境监测等许多方面。而且我国的遥感技术也已经在世界上具地位。
阅读遥感在农业方面的应用通过这个材料，使学生了解如下问题：
1.遥感在农业方面的应用主要包括上地资源调查、土地利用现状调查、病虫害和农业生态环境调查及监测，以及农作物长势监测和估产等方面。
2.遥感在土地资源与土壤调查中应用广泛。
3.作物估产是体现遥感在农业方面综合应用的例证。
思考
1.从监测的范围、速度，人力和财力的投入等方面看，遥感具有哪些特点?点拨：范围更广、速度更快、需要人力更少、财力投入少。
2.有人说：遥感是人的视力的延伸。
一、能源概述
1、概念:凡是能够提供某种形式能量的物质或物质的运动，统称为能源。
2、分类：
(1)按形成和来源分类：
①来自太阳辐射的能量:煤、石油、天然气、太阳能、生物能、水能、风能等。
②来自地球内部的能量:地热、核能。
③来自月球、太阳对地球的引力而形成的潮汐能。
(2)按利用的技术状况分类：
①常规能源:被人类利用多年，现在仍大规模使用的能源，如煤、石油、天然气、水能、生物能。
②近若干年才被利用的能源，如核能、地热、海洋能、太阳能、沼气;或过去利用过，现在又有新的利用方式的能源，如风能。
(3)按性质分类：
①可再生能源:使用后仍可更新或再生的能源，如太阳能、水能、生物能、风能等。
②非可再生能源:是经过地质作用在亿万年中形成的，开采以后，短期内无法恢复的能源，如煤、石油、天然气、核能等。
二、矿产资源利用中存在的问题及解决措施
1、存在的问题：滥采、滥用矿产资源，造成矿产资源的浪费甚至枯竭，废弃物处理不当，使环境受到污2、解决措施：合理开发和利用，加强勘探，跨区域调配，调整产业结构，提高资源的利用率，开展矿区土地复垦等。
三、世界能源问题
世界能源生产和消费存在地区差异。煤炭、石油、天然气等常规能源主要分布在北半球，以俄罗斯、中国、美国、加拿大和英国为代表。南半球常规能源丰富的国家主要有南非、澳大利亚等。从总体上来说，发展中国家能源的生产量大于消费量，而发达国家消费量大于生产量，存在着严重的不平衡性和不合理性。新能源的开发和利用目前主要集中在发达国家。以核能为例，美国发电总量，法国能源消费构成中，核能所占比例。我国核工业经过20多年的发展，取得了显著成绩，核电设计建设和运营水平明显提高，核电工业基础已初步形成。目前形成了浙江秦山、广东大亚湾和江苏田湾三个核电基地。
世界上能源完全自给的国家为数甚少，主要有俄罗斯、加拿大和英国。中东是世界的石油产区和出口区，主要出口到西欧、美国和日本，其中绕道好望角的海上航线被西方国家称为“海上生命线”。由于石油比煤炭更容易运输，更容易使用，发热量更高，而且基本是无灰燃料，所以世界能源消费构成中目前是以石油为主，将来还是以石油为主。中国现在是以煤炭为主，将来还是以煤炭为主，这是由中国的基本国情所决定的，因为中国煤炭资源分布广，储量大，开采和使用都比较方便。而石油储量有限，除了可作为燃料，更应作为化工原料。
无论是世界还是中国，目前能源消费构成中都是以常规能源为主。但对于中国来说，除了继续保持和发挥煤炭的优势以外，还应大力开发水力资源，因地制宜地开发新能源，以能源结构的多样化促进经济的快速、良性发展。
四、关注我国目前的能源问题
近几年我国经济发展很快，我国成为第二大石油进口国，能源问题成为我国经济发展的重要问题。我国目前不仅1/3以上的石油消费需要进口，而且由于生产发展对电力的需求过大，导致电力需求出现较大缺口，为弥补电力供给不足，缓解近两年的电荒，各地纷纷增加了发电机组和发电量，增加了对电煤的需求，从而使煤价不断上扬。因此，在新的历史条件下，开发能源、保护资源已成为我国经济建设过程中的当务之急。
缓解我国能源资源与经济社会发展的矛盾，必须立足国内，提高能源资源利用效率，一要坚决实行“开发和节约并举，把节约放在首位”的方针;二要抓紧制定专项规划;三要大力发展循环经济;四要加强矿产资源的开发管理;五要大力倡导节约能源资源的生产方式和消费方式，加快建设节约型社会。另外，还要积极开展“能源外交”，从多渠道拓展我国的能源供应。
【课标要求与分析】课标要求:
在新课标中，对《城市化》的第一个小知识点“城市化”有如下要求：运用有关资料，概括城市化的过程和特点。对于上述内容，课标还提出了活动建议：收集所在城市不同时期的地图、照片，或进行走访，讨论城市的变化，交流感想。
课标分析:
本次课程内容主要学习四个内容，根据上面课标的要求，本节课不仅要求学生对城市化有理性的概念及特点的认识，还要求学生在感性上去感知城市化。同时，课标说明了本节内容的教学方法，运用图片对比及学生参与活动来让学生对城市化形成更深的认识。
【教科书分析】
本次课包括四个内容：一是城市化的概念及其过程;二是衡量城市化的标志;三是推动城市化的的动力;四是城市化的影响。重点为城市化的概念及其过程;城市化的特点;推动城市化的的动力。难点是城市化特点的概括。对于“城市化的影响”这一内容，只要求简单了解。
【学情分析】
“城市化”研究是我们身边的地理现象，从学生的已有基础知识来看，他们对城市化有一定的了解，但这种了解往往是粗浅的、片面的，本节教学将以图片、讲解及分组讨论等形式引导学生更加理性、深入地了解城市化相关问题。
在前两节从静态的角度分析了城市化的空间结构与服务功能的特征之后，本节教材主要从动态的角度探讨城市化。
【设计理念与思路】
以“学生为主体，老师为主导”的学习。主要以讲解+小组讨论为主。
【教学目标】
知识与技能：
1、学生通过影像与教材的学习，能准确的说出城市化的定义及其衡量标志。2、学生通过小组讨论的方法学习推动城市化的动力。3、理解城市化的影响
过程与方法：
1、展示武汉的一些照片，让学生从感知上认识城市。2、展示课本图片，进一步引导学生学习城市化的定义。3、以城市化的概念入手，讲解衡量城市化的标志。
4、小组讨论推动城市化的动力。
5、展示城市化前后的建筑、交通、生活方式等的不同图片，让学生理解城市化的影响。
情感态度与价值观：
通过学习，让学生对城市化有更深刻的了解，并通过小组合作讨论，增强学生的合作意识。
【教学方法】
讲解法、演示法、小组讨论实验法
【教学媒体】黑板、多媒体
【教学过程】
1、学生观看有关武汉的一些照片，让学生从感知上对城市有个大概印象。2、课件展示伦敦18、1851年和1981年的城市扩展图提问：伦敦市的区域范围呈现一种什么趋势?3、课件展示长江三角洲地区的城市发展
先引导学生看图例，并提出问题“长江三角洲地区的城市等级及数量上有哪些变化?”，然后让学生观察图片并进行思考，在此期间，将我国城市等级分类标准补充到板书上，最后请一位学生进行回答，并对其回答进行判断和补充。4、由上面的环节归纳出城市化的概念。
5、由城市化的概念，引导学生分析、学习衡量城市化的标志。6、通过练习题目对刚才所学知识进行巩固题目一：城市化最主要的标志是：(C)A、城市人口数量增加B、城市规模扩大
C、城市人口占总人口的比重上升
D、城市数量增加
题目二：根据上述定义，下列对城市化的理解正确的是:(D)A.大批的农民迁移到城市，由农民变为市民B.农民进城的数量越多，就说明城市化率越高C.农民进城越多，这个地方的社会发展越先进D.农民生产方式的工业化、生活方式的城市化
7、由上面的题目二，提出“我国最近几年出现的大量农民工涌进城市与城市化的关系”这一问题，并进行解释，解释时说明这只代表老师个人观点。
8、进一步引导学生思考并提出问题“是什么原因推动向农民工等农村人涌向城市，推动城市化的动力有哪些?”，根据班级学生情况，组织学生进行小组讨论，分别分析使农业人口离开农村的原因有哪些，吸引农业人口进入城市的原因有哪些，并结合自己身边的事例进行说明分析。总结学生讨论结果，并不断进行解释、补充。
展示课本上的《农村人口向城市迁移的驱动示意图》，以比较形象的方式让学生对推动城市化的动力进行学习。
9、展示城市化前后的建筑、交通、生活方式等的不同图片，让学生理解城市化的影响。10、对本节课的教学内容进行总结回顾，并指出本节课的重难点。
课时安排：1课时
教学目标：辩证地看待旅游业的发展对社会、经济、文化、环境的作用和负面影响。
教学重点：
⑴旅游业促进经济发展的表现有哪些?经济过分依赖旅游业会产生哪些弊病?记忆并理解旅游业对经济发展的拉动作用，同时要一分为二地看待旅游业对经济的影响。
⑵旅游业促进社会文化繁荣的具体表现有哪些?旅游业的发展对接待地的社会文化环境又会产生哪些不利影响?理解旅游业的发展与社会文化繁荣的关系。
⑶旅游业对区域环境产生了哪些有利、不利的影响?理解旅游对区域环境保护和破坏的关系。
教具准备：自制图表、图片、地图册等
教学方法：导思——点拨、启发式教学
教学过程：
一、拉动经济发展
旅游业被称为“朝阳产业”。从世界范围来看，旅游业已经成为世界重要的产业之一
，并成为许多国家和地区重要的经济支柱之一。
表1.1部分国家国际旅游收入及其与国内生产总值、出口总额之比
通过学习表1.1，了解以下知识：
①国际旅游收入与国内生产总值之比，的国家是泰国，达6.2%;
②国际旅游收入与出口总额之比，的国家是埃及，达80%;
③国际旅游业已经成为一些国家重要的经济支柱。
(1)发展国际旅游，能够增加国家外汇收入。
说明：
①国际旅游是指跨越国家或地区的旅游活动。发展国际旅游可利用旅游资源和旅游设施，通过旅游服务而获取外汇。
②世界上许多国家，如西班牙、瑞士、奥地利、泰国等，都将旅游创汇作为外汇收入的主要来源。
③我国旅游外汇收入呈逐年上升趋势。
通过读图，了解以下知识：
改革开放后，我国入境旅游蓬勃发展，旅游的发展给国家带来大量的外汇收入。我国旅游外汇收入呈逐年上升趋势。
(2)发展国内旅游业是回笼货币、稳定市场的一个重要途径
国内旅游作为一项消费活动，可以把居民手中的部分消费资金(货币)回笼到国家手中，既能减轻商品市场的压力，又能刺激旅游者新的需要，促进生产的发展。
“十一黄金周”青岛海滨人潮涌动的情况，旅游已不再是少数人的特权和奢侈品，而成为拉动我国经济发展的重要途径。
(3)带动相关产业的发展。
说明：旅游业的发展是建立在物质资料生产和发展的基础之上。同时，旅游业的发展又为相关行业提供了广阔的市场需求，能直接或间接带动交通运输、商业服务、建筑、邮电、金融、房地产、外贸、轻纺、旅游纪念品等产业的发展。因此，旅游业是“一业依百业…一业带百业”的行业。
思考举例说明旅游业与其他行业之间“一业依百业…一业带百业”的关系。
点拨：旅游业是综合性和关联性很强的产业。首先，旅游业的发展需要依靠其他行业的发展，例如没有完善的交通运输网就不能有蓬勃发展的旅游业;其次，旅游业的发展也促进了其他行业的发展，例如旅游业带动了交通运输业、餐饮等服务业、商业的发展，宾馆饭店的修建等。
(4)促进区域经济的发展。
说明：特别是一些经济落后、发展工业难度大但旅游资源丰富、具备发展旅游业条件的地区，就可以大力发展旅游业，发挥旅游业的关联带动作用，来促进区域经济的发展。
阅读
了解以下知识：
旅游扶贫是我国国家扶贫开发战略的重要组成部分。对具有丰富旅游资源的贫困地区进行旅游开发，是使这些地区人民群众脱贫致富的有效途径，对促进这些经济落后区域的发展具有重要作用。
活动
活动提示：
①根据学生各自的兴趣爱好和性格，自由组合分组。
②各组在中西部范围内确定自己感兴趣的旅游目的地，通过新闻媒介、网络、书籍等，分头收集有关旅游地与当地经济发展的相关信息。
③小组信息汇总，进行组内讨论。
④小组在全班进行汇报交流。
注意：由于旅游需求受到各种因素的影响，而其中有些因素不是本国本地区所能够控制的。因此，过分依赖旅游业会给国民经济带来不稳定因素。
探究活动：旅游业的不稳定，在一定程度上影响了区域经济的稳定。旅游业对外界的影响相当敏感，想一想那些因素会直接影响旅游人数和旅游收入。
提示：疫情爆发、政治风云的变幻、自然灾害的突发，以及社会治安、经济形式、交通条件等因素都直接影响着旅游人数和旅游收入。
二、促进社会文化繁荣
(1)促进国民素质和生活质量的提高
说明：通过旅游，能够增长见识、陶冶情操。通过旅游，旅游者可提高身体素质和文化素质，并进一步对工作和生活产生积极影响。
(2)提供大量就业机会
说明：旅游业是劳动密集型的产业，还是综合性和关联性很强的产业。旅游业的发展可以提供许多直接和间接的就业机会。我国目前的就业压力较大，发展旅游业是缓解此压力的有效途径之一。
(3)促进文化交流
现代旅游的发展，使不同国家和地区、不同民族和文化的交流日益增多，从而消除了一些社会、民族偏见，促进了相互了解。
北京的“胡同游”使无数外国旅游者体验了京城平民百姓的生活，了解了胡同文化。通过交流，既促进了民族文化精华的提炼，使民族文化更具有特色和吸引力，也促进了民族文化与外来文化的融合。
案例②云南的文化特色旅游
通过案例学习，让我们认识到：发展旅游应提炼民族文化的精华，使民族文化更具吸引力，也使民族文化与外来文化逐渐整合。发展文化特色旅游可以说是云南省旅游的重中之重。
云南的部分文化特色旅游项目，这些文化特色旅游项目已经突破了国别、种族和传统的界限，民族文化与外来文化逐渐整合。特色文化是一种旅游资源，一个国家或地区发展旅游业必须要发掘本地区、本民族具有特色的文化，促进民族文化的振兴和广大。
思考
1.云南省发展文化特色旅游的最有利的条件是什么?
点拨：云南省生活着26个民族，各民族人民在历史发展长河中，创造了各自特色鲜明、多姿多彩的民族文化，这正是云南省发展文化特色旅游的最有利的条件。
2.你在旅游中感受到哪些不同的文化?举例说明。
提示：让学生结合自身的实践，从个人感受出发，充分讨论。文化的概念比较抽象，建议教师从文化的物质形式和物质载体等方面引导学生深入思考，旅游中能感受到的世界各地不同的建筑风格、服饰饮食、歌舞绘画、节日庆典、风俗习惯等都是文化差异所造成的。
探究活动：旅游业的发展对旅游接待地的社会文化环境有没有不利的影响?如果有，请举例说明。
提示：旅游者的大量涌人，致使交通、商店、公共娱乐场所变得拥挤不堪，给当地居民的工作和生活带来不便。一些当地的民俗、节庆、宗教活动作为吸引游客的项目来开发，在很大程度上失去了其本身的传统文化价值。
三、影响区域环境
说明：环境是旅游业的基础，旅游对环境保护具有促进作用。世界上很多国家在发展旅游业的同时，都很重视对旅游资源和环境的保护，以实现旅游业的可持续发展。旅游业的发展对环境也有消极作用，如果旅游与环境的关系不处理好，环境也会朝着恶化的方向发展。
古建筑修复前后景观的变化，说明旅游业的发展有利于文物古迹和古建筑的保护。
讨论：
1.列举旅游业发展有利于环境的措施。
提示：建立各种自然保护区、申报历史文物保护单位等措施都有利于保护旅游环境。
2.举例说明旅游对环境的消极作用。
提示：旅游对环境的消极作用主要表现在：由于对旅游资源开发建设不当或失误，使生态环境恶化;由于大量游客的涌入，排放的各类废弃物超过了环境自净能力而造成环境污染;由于大量游客的接触或不文明行为引起的对风景、文物的破坏等。
板书设计
1.2现代旅游对区域发展的意义
一、拉动经济发展
1.发展国际旅游，能够增加国家外汇收入
2.发展国内旅游业是回笼货币、稳定市场的一个重要途径
3.带动相关产业的发展
4.促进区域经济的发展
二、促进社会文化繁荣
1.促进国民素质和生活质量的提高。
2.提供大量就业机会。
3.促进文化交流。
三、影响区域环境
人教版高中地理教案
【教学内容】
熟读全文，整体感知，把握大意。认识张衡的品格及文学才能。
【教学过程】
一、新课导入
从中国历史博物馆里陈列的候风地动仪模型和郭沫若在张衡基碑上的题词说起。在中国历史博物馆里陈列着候风地动仪的模型。早在18前，张衡发明制造了世界上第一个候风地动仪。这个仪器早已毁于西晋战乱之中，现在陈列的候风地动仪模型，是现代科学家王振铎等人根据《张衡传》中对候风地动仪的介绍说明用木料制成的。
1959年党和政府重修张衡墓时，郭沫若在墓碑上题词道：“如此全面发展之人物，在世界上亦罕见。”
二、解题
1、“传”：传记.记述的内容是一个人的生平事迹。传记要突出传主的特点。
范晔(398-445)南朝宋顺阳(在今河南浙川东)人。他根据前人撰述的几十种有关后汉的历史著作编写成的《后汉书》，起于刘秀起兵__王莽，终于汉献帝禅位于曹丕，详载了东汉195年的历史，与司马迁的《史记》、班固的《汉书》、陈寿的《三国志》合称“四史”，盛行于世。对我国的文学、史学有很大影响。
2、范晔(398-445)南朝宋顺阳(在今河南浙川东)人。他根据前人撰述的几十种有关后汉的历史著作编写成的《后汉书》，起于刘秀起兵__王莽，终于汉献帝禅位于曹丕，详载了东汉195年的历史，与司马迁的《史记》、班固的《汉书》、陈寿的《三国志》合称“四史”，盛行于世。对我国的文学、史学有很大影响。
3、文史专名
(1)五经：《诗》、《书》、《易》、《礼》、《春秋》
(2)六艺：
①礼、乐、射、御、书、数。(学问和技能)
②《诗》《书》《礼》《义》《乐》《春秋》(说经的经文和传文)
(3)四书：《论语》、《孟子》、《大学》、《中庸》。
(4)经、舒心：“经”批儒家的经典著作;“传”指注释、解说儒家经典著作的文字。
(5)四史：《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》《三国志》。
(6)史汉：《史记》、《汉书》。
(7)《汉书》：纪传体、断代史。
(8)纪传体：编年体;国别体。(例如：《史记》;《资治通鉴》;《战国策》)
(9)通史;断代史。(例如：《史记》;《汉书》)
(10)《两都赋》和《二京赋》：《两都赋》的作者是班固，《二京赋》的作者是范都城，西汉的都城长安和东汉的都城洛阳。
三、诵读课文
1、自读
要求：读准字音、句读、圈画诵读疑难点。
2、范读
正音：善属文(zhǔ)连辟公府(bì)邓骘(zhì)璇玑(xuán)算罔论(wǎng)
傍行(páng)河间相(jiān)乞骸骨(hái)
四、问题设置
1、郭沫若曾评价张衡：“如此全面发展的人物，在世界上亦所罕见”，为什么说他是“全面发展的”?
讨论明确：(1)品格(2)文学(3)科学(4)政治
2、理清提纲：
明确：
第一部分(1节)：介绍张衡品格和文学才能。
第二部分(2-4节)：介绍张衡的科学成就。
第三部分(5、6节)：介绍张衡的政治才干。
3、学生结合注释梳理文句(第一段)
4、质疑、点拨
实词：属、贯、辟、奇、就
虚词：乃衡乃拟班固《两都》作《二京赋》
精思傅会，十年乃成。
句式：永元中，举孝廉不行，连辟公府不就
衡少善属文，游于三辅
5、分析评价
结合语句，分析张衡有那些品格和才能?
明确：虽才高于世，而无矫尚之情。
从容淡静，不好交接俗人
五、深入探讨
认识了张衡的品格和文学成就，这对你有哪些启示?
(1)、广泛学习
(2)、不要骄傲自满
(3)、从容淡静
(答案多元，学生言之成理即可。)
六、课堂小结
这节课我们熟读了这篇传记，对文章内容做了整体感知，初步认识到张衡的“全面发展”，重点研读了第一段，充分认识张衡的品格和才能，并从中获得了很多启示。
七、作业
以“人性与才华”为题写一段议论性文字
八、板书设计
张衡传
一、品格、文学(1节)
二、科学成就(2-4节)
三、政治才干(5、6节)
第二课时
【教学内容】
积累重点文言词句，认识张衡在科学技术上的辉煌成就和杰出的政治才干。
【教学过程】
一、新课导入
上节课我们理清了课文结构，了解了张衡的品格和文学才能，这节课我们继续了解张衡在科学上的成就和政治才干。
二、问题设置
1、张衡在科学上有哪些成就?
讨论明确：
(1)作浑天仪。
(2)著《灵宪》《算罔论》。
(3)铸造地动仪。
2、默读课文3-5段，思考作者介绍张衡的科学成就时，写作方法有何不同?
(1)质疑、点拨：
实词：雅、征、再、迁、员、尊、发、制、方面、怪、征
虚词：以以精铜铸成，员径八尺，
句式：①.饰以篆文山龟鸟兽之形。
②.验之以事，合契若神。
③.自书典所记，未之有也。
④.后数日驿至，果地震陇西。
(2)明确：第二段写张衡善机巧，拜郎中，迁太史令，作浑天仪，著《灵宪》、《算罔论》，以记叙为主。
第四段从时间、名称、质地、大小、形状、功用、验证等方面介绍候风地动仪，以说明为主，辅以记叙。
这样详略得当的安排，使文章重点突出，人物特点鲜明。
3、默读课文6、7段，疏通文句，思考文中通过哪两件事表现张衡的政治才干的?
(1)质疑、点拨
实词：损、疾、目、出、不轨、下车、乞骸骨
虚词：为阉竖恐终为其患，遂共谗之。
又多豪右，共为不轨。
句式：帝引在帷幄，讽议左右。
(2)明确：
一是《思玄赋》的由来——“政事渐损，上疏陈事，讽议左右，阉竖谗之，衡常思图身之事，以为吉凶倚仗，幽微难明”，表现了张衡忧国忧民、小心谨慎的形象。
二是出任河间相时与奸党作斗争一事。“治威严，整法度”表现其治理严厉，“阴知奸党名姓，一时收禽”表现其政治智慧，“上下肃然，称为政理”表现其卓然政绩。
4、选择恰当的词语对张衡的品格、文学才能、科学成就和政治才干给予评价。
明确：(板书)
(可贵的)品格(辉煌的)科学成就(卓越的)文学才能(杰出的)政治才干
三、深入探讨
写了张衡的品格、文学才能、科学成就和政治才干四个方面的内容，它们之间有何联系?这对我们有何启示?
1、首先，“才高于世”方能“举孝廉”“连辟公府”，“作《二京赋》”方能“邓骘奇其才，累召”，“善机巧”“善术学”方能“拜郎中，迁为太史令”方能“作浑天仪”“造候风地动仪”，其特长与其官职二者互为因果。
另外，其科学发明、理论著作也与其“无骄尚之情”“从容淡静，不好交接俗人”的性情密不可分，这种性情利于潜心科研。
又如：“才高于世”方能“致思于天文阴阳历算”，“著《灵宪》、《算罔论》”方能将从政的感触“宣寄”而作《思玄赋》。
2、从全面发展的，提高综合素质的角度谈，言之成理即可。
四、课堂小结
用锤炼的语言，从品格、文学才能、科学成就和政治才干四个方面介绍了张衡，重点突出他科技方面的成就与贡献，层次清晰，从中让我们充分认识全面发展，提高综合素质的重要性。
我们学大专家为大家准备的这份张衡传教案，希望大家能多加的复习一下，相信大家对张衡传这篇文言文会理解的更加透彻。
(一)文化与文化景观
1.文化与地理
(1)文化的概念
广义：指人类社会发展过程中创造出来的物质财富和精神财富之和
狭义：指社会意识形态
(2)文化与自然环境
关系：并不能截然分开。任何物质文化事物都在一定程度上反映着精神文化的某些方面，许多精神文化事物也具有一定的物质形式。位于下层的物质文化与自然环境的关系比较密切，位于上层的精神文化与自然环境的关系相对疏远。物质文化是精神文化的基础，它们当中属于生产力的文化事物是社会发展的活跃因素，变化节奏较快;而上层的文化事物相对变化较慢，具有一定的稳定性和保守性
(3)文化与地理
研究主题：文化源地、文化生态、文化景观、文化扩散和文化区
2.文化景观及其特性
(l)文化景观
概念：人们为了某种需要，利用自然物质加以创造，并附加在自然景观上的人类活动形态
(2)文化景观的基本特性
空间性：(空间大小、形态差异很大如美国拉什莫尔山雕塑和常见雕塑)具有稳定性和固定性
功能性：目的性和功能意义(城市雕塑美学观赏、烽火台军事信息传递、寺庙宗教信仰功能)
时代性：具有创造它的那个时代特征，随时代变迁其功能可能消失和转化(长城、烽火台等)
(3)文化景观的指示意义
文化景观是自然环境的指示物，但不是任何文化景观都能直接反映自然环境状况，与人类生产生活密切相关的文化景观指示性较好，所以其指示作用也是有限的，文化景观是文化系统的折射物。
3.文化景观与自然
(1)文化与自然
(2)自然对文化景观的影响
自然对文化景观的影响是多方面的，主要反映在文化景观的功能和形态上
物质文化景观(其中与生产和生活相关)受自然的影响最为突出
精神文化景观受自然的影响较小
自然对文化景观的影响不是绝对的，文化景观的指示作用也有一定局限性
随着生产力水平的提高，自然对文化景观的影响程度也必然减少
(3)文化景观对自然的改变
4.文化源地与文化区
(l)文化源地
狭义文化区的概念：指某种文化体系的覆盖范围，某些特定的文化事物的组合，构成了文化综合体，若干个有一定联系的文化综合体就组成了文化体系。如中国汉文化综合体与其他少数民族文化的综合体构成的中华文化体系，或者说中原文化综合体与其他地方文化综合体构成的中华文化体系，它们所分布的地区就是中华文化区，这种文化区是历史范畴，不同时代分布范围不同
5.文化空间扩散和扩散类型
(l)文化扩散及其类型
概念：某种文化事物或现象通过各种形式从一地传往另一地的过程，与文化传承一起构成文化传播
(2)文化扩散的实例分析
17世纪末彼得一世的改革：学习西欧先进技术，建立扩大海军，提高西欧生活方式，属传染扩散
阿拉伯帝国的发展：阿拉伯商人将中国的罗盘、造纸术和火药传到欧洲，将阿拉伯的天文、医学、伊斯兰教带到中国、欧洲人到阿拉伯学习，将所学知识带回国家，属迁移扩散
文化扩散的意义：是文化扩散的反映，扩大或新产生了文化区
现代文化扩散的形式日趋多元化：广播、电视、通信卫星、光纤、网络等
6.宗教与地理
(l)宗教种类及分布
宗教：一种复杂的文化现象，属于精神文化事物，更多的受社会发展的影响
发展过程：原始宗教(自然崇拜为主)→部落宗教(抽象思维发展，图腾崇拜、灵魂崇拜、祖先崇拜)→民族宗教(自然神——人格化的民族神，多神崇拜——一神崇拜)→世界性宗教
(2)世界主要宗教的发源地、扩散过程及分布
宗教发源地扩散过程分布
教天主教
东正教
新教或清教1世纪初的巴勒斯坦地区先在地中海地区扩散、后向欧洲西部扩散(传染扩散)、又向美洲扩散。狭义的教就是指新教欧洲和美洲
伊斯兰教6世纪到7世纪的阿拉伯半岛随国家的扩张而扩散，以迁移扩散为主，扩展扩散为辅中东、北非、南亚、东南亚地区，教徒称作穆斯林
佛教公元前6世纪到公元前5世纪的古印度北传佛教早期几乎都是迁移扩散，分为北传和南传两大分支，即大乘(北传)佛教和小乘(南传)两个教派南亚、东南亚、东亚地区
(3)宗教文化景观
主要是宗教建筑：佛寺、庵院、道观、教堂、清真寺等
其它宗教文化景观：中国三大佛教石窟、少林寺塔林、耶路撒冷的哭墙
7.身边的文化和地理
(1)我们生活的文化区
主要观察其语言、宗教、艺术形式、经济类型、生活习俗等
(2)无处不在的文化扩散
扩散的形式多种多样。文化扩散有利于文化的发展和繁荣，文化是在不断的趋同和趋异中发展的没有文化扩散就没有文化发展。
人教版高中地理选修6教案
【课标要求】
1、以某区域为例，分析该地区农业生产的条件、布局特点和问题，了解农业可持续发展的方法和途径。
2、以某农业区域为例，分析该区域的发展过程，以及在此过程中产生的主要问题，了解解决这些问题的对策措施。
【教材分析】
在一定的社会经济条件下，地理条件是区域经济发展的重要基础，以致影响到区域经济的特点、布局和发展方向。本章教材紧紧围绕区域经济发展这一中心，从农业、工业和城市的角度做出了阐述。本节以我国东北地区为例，首先从气候、地形、土壤条件和社会经济条件方向介绍了东北地区农业发展的地理条件，然后从因地制宜发展农业的角度指出了该区农业的布局特点，着重介绍了商品粮基地农业生产的突出特点，最后从水土流失、黑土退化、土地沙化、盐碱化和草场退化、自然灾害频繁和环境污染等方面揭示了农业发展存在的问题，并从生态效益和经济效益的角度指出了该区域农业发展的方向。
其中，区域农业发展条件及发展方向是本节的重点和难点，学习本节内容应抓住：区域自然和社会经济条件→决定区域发展特点→区域发展方向这一主线。
【教学目标】
知识与技能
1.初步了解，实现区域农业的可持续发展应该综合考虑哪些因素。
2.通过阅读地形和气温、降水分布图，了解东北地区农业发展的利弊因素。
3.通过对比和分析，了解东北地区农业布局特点，并深入探讨东北地区大规模专业化生产和商品粮基地建设的特色。
4.结合具体发展模式，分析东北不同区域农业发展的方向。
过程与方法
1、能够通过网络、报刊、杂志等各种媒体收集地理信息及从现实生活中获取地理信息，如结合本地的农业、发展条件，尝试运用所学的地理理论和方法对本地区的农业地理信息进行梳理、分析、解释，得出本地区的农业发展特点、发展中存在问题，及今后发展的方向。
2、关注中央的农业政策和经济发展的策略调整，了解全国农业发展的主要方向。
情感、态度与价值观
1、激发学生探究地理问题的兴趣和动机，养成求真、求实的科学态度，提高地理审美情趣。
2、增强对资源、环境的保护意识和法制意识，形成可持续发展观念，增强关心和爱护
环境的社会责任感，养成良好的行为习惯。
【教学重点】
1.东北地区农业发展的利弊因素
2.东北地区农业布局特点，深入探讨东北地区大规模专业化生产和商品粮基地建设的特色。
3.分析东北不同区域农业发展的方向。
【教学难点】
1.实现区域农业的可持续发展应该综合考虑哪些因素。
2.东北地区农业发展的利弊因素
【教学方法】比较法、案例分析法、图示法等
【教具准备】多媒体课件
【课时安排】3课时
一、发展区域农业的一般步骤
1.综合考虑自然、社会经济、区位、市场等各种因素——确定区域农业的大方向
不同的区域有不同的自然条件，适合发展不同的农业。同一区域的自然条件往往适合发展多种农业，所以还要根据区位条件、社会经济条件，以及市场需求，发展本区域有生产优势的农业。
2.根据区域内部差异，合理布局小区域农业。
一个区域在确定农业发展方向的前提下，再根据区域内部的地理分异特点，因地制宜调整农业结构，合理安排农业生产布局，使区域的农业发展与区域内特定的自然条件、社会经济条件有机地结合起来，形成具有特色的生态与经济良性循环系统，实现区域内经济、社会和生态效益的统一。如：我国重要的商品农业生产基地——东北地区。
该区自然地域完整，农业生态类型多样，生产部门齐全
二、地理条件
1.范围：黑龙江、吉林、辽宁三省和内蒙古自治区东部。
2.地位：我国重要的商品粮基地、林业生产基地和畜牧业生产基地。
3.地理条件分析
⑴气候条件——农业生产中最难以改造的自然条件。
①气候条件制约着一个区域农业的生产品种、耕作制度和生产季节等。
②东北大部分地区属于温带湿润、半湿润季风气候区。雨热同季。热量和水分条件基本上可满足一年一熟作物的需求，但是农作物生长容易受到低温冷害的影响。
思考：1.东北大米因质量优而广受市场欢迎，这与气候条件有什么关系?
点拨东北地区光照充足，昼夜温差大，作物生长期长，因此品质上乘，再加之气候寒冷，农作物病虫害少，几乎不需要施用农药，天然具有绿色大米优势。
2.东北地区农业生产季节性强的特点，为农村的综合发展提供了什么有利条件?
点拨有利于农忙季节时，集中人力物力投入农业生产;在农闲时，发展副业，增加农业收入，还进行农田基本建设和水利建设等。
3.与我国主要农业地区相比，热量条件是东北地区的劣势，但是也可以认为热量条件是东北地区的优势。试分别举例说明。由此，你得到什么启示?
点拨劣势主要表现为许多对热量要求较高的作物品种不能种植，仅能种植一些热量要求不高的如春小麦、甜菜、大豆等作物，并且只能做到一年一熟;长冬无法放牧，还要解决
好牲畜的防寒问题，但冬季长有利于土壤有机质的积累，故东北的土壤较肥沃;同时冬季的积雪在春季融化，缓解春旱现象，还可以改善土壤墒情。
⑵地形、土壤条件
①地形条件往往影响区域农业生产的类型。
②一般来说，平原地区适宜发展种植业，而山地丘陵地区适宜发展林牧业。
ⅰ西部高原地势平坦，降水较多，是优质草原牧场
ⅱ中部和东北部平原广阔，面积占全国平原总面积的1/3
ⅲ周围山地环绕，森林资源丰富，木材蓄积量占全国总量的31%。
③土壤肥沃——广泛分布黑土、黑钙土，土层深厚，有机质含量高。
⑶社会、经济条件
①工业特别是以农产品为原料的工业，如亚麻纺织、毛纺织、乳品加工等对原料的需求，有利于农业产业化的发展
②东北地区交通发达，对外联系方便;农产品、农业种植技术等方面具有明显的优势;东北亚地区经济合作为拉动本区发展外向型农业提供了重要机遇。
③人口密度小，人均耕地多。利于农业经营规模化，且利于绿色农业和大农业的发展。
活动：搜集相关资料，分析下列地区(任选一两个)发展特色农业的地理条件。
1、珠江三角洲大力发展出口创汇农业
点拨：珠江三角洲大力发展出口创汇农业的有利条件有：临近港、澳、台地区，港口、铁路和航空等交通发达，自然条件优越，农业生产技术水平高。
2、x疆南部(南疆)已建设成为我国的棉花生产基地
点拨：南疆光照充足，土地资源广阔，山麓地带有高山冰雪融水可供灌溉，当地种植长绒棉历史悠久，市场对长绒棉需求大。
3、海南岛成为我国热带经济作物生产基地
点拨：海南岛地处热带，热量和降水条件可满足热带经济作物的生长，市场尤其是国内市场对橡胶等热带作物的需求量大。
4、云南省昆明附近重点发展花卉种植业农业布局特点
点拨：昆明四季如春，气候条件适宜发展多种花卉品种，昆明等国内市场对花卉的需求量大。
二、发展区域农业的一般步骤：综合考虑区域自然和社会经济条件→确定区域农业发展方向→根据区域内部差异，合理布局农业部门。
1.综合考虑自然和社会经济因素——确定区域农业的大方向
不同的区域有不同的自然条件，适合发展不同的农业。同一区域的自然条件往往适合发展多种农业，所以还要根据区位条件、社会经济条件，以及市场需求，发展本区域有生产优势的农业。
2.根据区域内部差异，合理布局小区域农业。
一个区域在确定农业发展方向的前提下，再根据区域内部的地理分异特点，因地制宜调整农业结构，合理安排农业生产布局，使区域的农业发展与区域内特定的自然条件、社会经济条件有机地结合起来，形成具有特色的生态与经济良性循环系统，实现区域内经济、社会和生态效益的统一。
使用说明及学法指导：
1、用约20分钟时间对本节内容进行预习，掌握课本基本知识，并能够建构基本知识体系。
2、完成本节的教材助读中的问题,并用红笔标记出自己不会的问题。
3、预习中要重视对知识的理解、分析、归纳，并注意联系实际。
学习目标：
1、知道自然资源的含义及类别。
2、知道水资源问题的基本情况及产生的原因。
3、知道土地资源的主要特征，以及耕地减少的主要原因。
4、知道我国矿产资源问题的主要特征。
教材助读：
1、自然资源是指存在于，在一定的时间条件下，能够产生以提高人类当前和未来福利的和的总称。
2、按照自然资源能否再生或恢复的特性，将自然资源分为和两大类。
3、的迅速增加和的加速增长是导致水资源危机的基本因素。水资源在和上的分布不均，是水资源危机的客观因素。
4、、和等，是对水资源及其再生功能造成破坏的主要因素。
5、土地资源问题突出表现在和两方面。、、和等问题，已成为制约中国农业发展的主要因素。、、
、以及等，使土地资源严重退化，农业生产空间趋于萎缩。
预习自测：
1.下列有关自然资源的叙述，正确的是
A.海洋资源都属于可再生资源B.生物资源都属于可再生资源
C.非能源资源都属于非可再生资源D.地下资源都属于非可再生资源
2.下列选项中属于可再生资源的是()
A.天然气B.稻谷C.土地D.液化气
我的疑惑：
探究案
探究活动
探究活动：
1、结合课本P20页文字，完成课本P21页活动第1题。
2、我国水资源短缺的主要原因是什么?如何解决水资源短缺问题?并思考课本P22页活动1—2题。
3、我国土地资源主要存在哪些问题?怎样保护土地资源?
4、预计到，,我国20种主要矿产有半数以上不能满足建设需求，特别是一些基础性矿产和大宗支柱型矿产，如石油、、铁、铜等，缺口大，供需矛盾突出，对国民经济和社会发展将产生明显的制约作用。
想一想：我们生活中在哪些方面利用了石油、铁、铜等矿产资源，一旦这些资源枯竭，将影响到你生活的哪些方面?
当堂检测：
我国秦岭淮河以北缺水的原因是()
A.北方江河径流量年际变化不大
B.北方地区受夏季风影响大，降水少
C.北方地区年降水量较少，属于半湿润地区
D.北方地区耕地多，水资源少，加剧了缺水现象
人教版高中地理必修一教案
高二（上）教案
Unit 1
A brief of Stephen Hawking
Stephen Hawking ; born , 1942 Oxford,England.
High School: St Albans School
College: Oxford University
Cambridge University: Do research
Incurable Disease; motorneuron (肌萎缩性侧索硬化症) wheelchair; a computer system made great contributions in physics
Scanning
Why did Stephen Hawking need a PhD?
When did Hawking become famous ?
When did Hawking visit Beijing ?
True or false statements:
1.Hawking was told that he had an incurable disease when he was just 21 years old. T
2.Finally Hawking had to give up PhD and his research
3.He and Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang and black holes. T
4.“A Brief History of Time” is too difficult for people to understand.
5.Science is about true facts that never change.
6.When Hawking gives lectures, he always speaks through a computer.
Choice
1. Which of the following best express the main idea of the passage? ______ d
A. Hawking is famous for his new discoveries.
B. People should come to terms with their fate.
C. A scientific theory is always wrong.
D. Anyone with great determination will achieve his success.
2. Hawking became famous in the early 1970s because _____. D
A. he was disabled B. he was a PhD
C. he was sitting in a famous chair D. he made new discoveries about universe
3. According to the passage, what does “an American accent” mean? ______ C
A. Hawking’s accent. B. Hawking’s voice.
C. Sounds translated by computer. D. Accent of some British people.
4. From the passage, we can infer that _____. D
A. Hawking got married to Jane Wilde before he fell ill B. science is always true
C. Hawking is an American D. great scientists always want to know more
Questions
1. What did Steven Hawking do when he was told that he had an incurable disease?
2. How would most people feel when they were told that they had incurable diseases and may not live long?
3. What did Hawking do when visiting China?
4. What did Hawking write in 1988? And what did he explain in the book?
5. According to Professor Hawking, how do people misunderstand science?
6. What is that Hawking does not like about his speech computer?
7. What are the basic steps of the scientific method?
Discussion
How can we grow rice where there is little water?(using the scientific method )
Integrating skills
What’s the characteristic of Galileo Galilei?
Curious creative
Why could Stephen Hawking make contributions to science work? Want to know more
What can be described as the ability to use knowledge? Creativity
Read for the information to complete the table:
Scientists How they make a difference Characteristics
Stephen Hawking Always want to know more;
Never satisfied with a simple answer… Curious
Galileo Galilei Used a microscope and telescope… Curious Believe in what you do
the earth moves around the sun
Zhang Heng Built a model…show how the
position of the stars changed…. Creative..imagination,believe in what you do
Invented seismograph
Unit 2
Step1 Lead in
Do you know what they are?
And do you know how they are made?
Step 2 Pre-reading
The text below is about reporters and newspapers. Look at the title and the pictures. Try to guess which of the following questions the text will answer.
_____ How does a reporter decide what to write?
_____ How much does a newspaper cost?
_____ Why do people read newspapers?
_____ How do newspapers report what happens?
_____ Where do people read newspapers?
_____ How do newspapers help us understand the world?
Topic sentence :Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens
How do you decide what you are going to write?
Zhu lin: Before …, discuss … editor…listens, suggests… ( long ＆ important ) …tell…develop Editor’s job----keep …balanced ＆ interesting
Chen ying: …done…before starting; begin by contacting…questions interviewing, how ---ask, get…to talk…After…present….,make sure----reflects…
Which of the articles that you have written do you like best?
Chen Ying: About the efforts Contact museums ＆ interview experts Because …news ＆ story
Zhu Lin : …about an ordinary young woman who…adapt to…life because …with real passion; realize…unique
Topic sentence: The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.
Step 3 Careful reading
Now please read the text carefully and try to find out the answers to the following questions.
1.Who were asked to be interviewed?
2.Whom does a reporter have to discuss with before he/she decides what to write? And what is the person’s job?
3.Is interviewing someone difficult? What must a reporter know?
4.Which of the articles that they have written do they like best? Why?
5.What could they write about if they could write any article? Why?
6.What is the basic task for a reporter?
7.What result can TV programmes and printed articles bring to us?
Post reading
1.Which of the Pre-reading questions are answered in the text?
2. If you were a reporter, what would you like to write about?
3. It is important to be a critical reader. How would you “read” the following media messages?
True or false
1.Newspaper and other media just record what happens.
2.The reporter has to discuss with the editor before he/she decides what to write. T
3.Much has been done before the reporter starts writing. T
4.Chen Ying’s favourite story is about an ordinary young woman.
5.The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed. T
Discussion:
Do you believe these media ?
Unit 3
Scanning
1.When was Modernism invented?
2.Who invented Modernism?
A group of architects who wanted to change society with building that went against people’s feeling of beauty
3.Why did they invent Modernism?
Modernism … in the 1920s by …who …
that went against people’s feeling of beauty. They wanted their buildings…to look natural.
Skimming
Sum up the main idea of the text:
Paragraph 1 Architecture looks at the man-made living environment.
Paragraph 2 Modernism
Paragraph 3 Modern architecture
Paragraph 4 Though modern buildings impress us, they seem hard and unfriendly.
Paragraph 5 Ancient architecture shows us many beautiful buildings.
Paragraph 6 Antonio Gaudi was an architect inspired by nature.
Paragraph 7 There are other modern architecture inspired from nature
Paragraph 8 The new Olympic Stadium.
Part 1(1 para.) Architecture looks at the man-made living environment.
Part 2(2-4 para.) Modernism and modern buildings
Part 3(5 para.) Ancient architecture
Part 4(6-8 para.) Some modern architecture takes examples from nature.
Part 1: Every great culture in the past had its own ideas expressed in art and architecture.
Part 2 How and when modernism came into being?
Part 3: The difference between traditional and modern…, and why ancient architecture…
Part 4: Examples of famous architects and great buildings that take examples from nature.
Answer the following questions
1.Who is Antonio Gaudi?
He is a modern architect. His Building are full of fantastic Colors and shapes and he likes to use some natural materials.
2.Who is Lloyd Wright ?
He is a modern architect, and build an art museum in New York. He was inspired by Japanese seashells.
3. What the materials of modern architecture and the ancient architecture?
Careful reading
1. Every great culture has the same styles for buildings, streets, squares and parks
2. Modernism wants the buildings constructed in a way to look natural.
3. Earth, stone, brick and wood are used in modern architecture.
4. Compared with ancient architecture, modern architecture stands much closer to nature.
5. Both the works of Antonio Gaudi and Frank Lloyd Wright take examples from nature. T
6. The Olympic Stadium in Beijing looks warm and friendly . T
Compare ancient architecture with modern architecture
Shape material feeling example
ancient architecture Nature does not earth,stone, beautiful Taihe Dian
have any straight lines. brick,wood natural the Temple of heaven
Cathedral
modern.. Huge,like boxes with flat steel, glass,
roofs,sharp corners and concrete, hard and Most of modern buildings
glass walls unfriendly look the same
Post reading
Answer the questions on Page20: What do the words in bold refer to?
You do not feel invited to enter them modern buildings
Antonio Gaudi, a Spanish architect, was the first to understand that.
Nature doesn’t have any straight lines.
He only wanted natural materials, such as stone, brick and wood to be used and many parts of his building. Antonio Gaudi’s
Scan the text and find two architects whose work was inspired by nature. What inspired them.
Antonio Gaudi: eyes, bones, fish and a dragon
Frank Lloyd Wright: Japanese seashells
Answer the following question
1.Which two architects were inspired by nature when they designed?
Antonio Gaudi and Frank Lloyd
2. Into which two groups can we divide those materials mentioned in the text?
Traditional materials and modern materials.
Discussion
What’s your feeling about the design of the 2008 Olympic Stadium in Beijing?
Share your design for the 2008 Olympics!!
Unit 4
Scanning
Scan the text and answer the questions.
1.Whose poetry reminds us of Su Dongpo?
John Donne reminds readers of Su Dongpo.
2.Whose poetry reminds Chinese readers of Du Fu or Li Bai?
Wordsworth, Byron, and Keats remind readers of Du Fu and Li Bai.
3.Can you name some famous Chinese poets?
Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi etc.
4.Write down 5 key words that you would expect to find in a text about poetry.
Poem, poet, rhyme, style, image (literature, language, form, line)
Fast-reading
Questions
1. What are the differences between poetry and other forms of literature?
2. Whose poetry reminds Chinese readers of Du Fu or Li Bai? Whose of Su Dongpo?
William Wordsworth
George Gordon Byron John Donne
John Keats
Careful-Reading
Para. 1 The characters of poetry.
Para. 2 Chinese ancient poets and poetry.
Para. 3 Early English poets.
Para. 4 English poets of the 19th century.
Para. 5 Why modern poets have special attraction?
Para. 6 The introduction of English poetry to China.
Para. 7 Why more people are interested in English poetry.
Divide the text into 4 parts
Part 1 Para 1 Brief introduction to poetry
Part 2 Para 2 Chinese poetry and poets
Part 3 Para3,4.5 History of English poetry
Part 4 Para 6,7 Poems can be bridges between the east and the west
Choose the best answer
1.Modern English came into being from about the middle of the ____ century. A
A.16th B. 17th C. 18th D. 19th
2. The poetry of Marvell reminds Chinese readers of the poems by ____. C
A.Du Fu B. Li Bai C. Su Dongpo D. Gou Moruo
3. Byron’s “Isles of Greece” is an example of _____. B
A. a sonnet B. romantic poetry C. nature poetry D. modern poetry
4. The wider public in Cina discovered English poetry at the beginning of the _____ century. D
A.17th B. 18th C. 19th. D. 20th
5. The advantage of reading English poetry in Chinese translation is ____. D
A.that you have more advice B. that something of the spirit is lost
C. that you understand it better D. that you learn how to express yourself in new ways
True or False
1.The wider public in China discovered English poetry at the beginning of the 19th century. F
2. Modern English came into being from about the end of the 17th century.
3. The advantage of reading English poetry in Chinese translation is that you understand it better.
Further-understanding
1. When did modern English start ?
Modern English started around the Time of William Shakespeare,towards the end of the sixteenth century .
2. Why do modern poets have their special attraction?
Because they stand closest to us both in the language and images they use .
3. When did Chinese readers start reading more foreign poetry?
Towards the end of the nineteenth century Chinese readers started reading more foreign poetry .
4. What are the differences between poetry and other forms of literature?
① Poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar
② Poetry is difficult to write,but interesting to read
③ Poetry calls up all the colors, feelings,experiences and curious images of a dream world.
there are some words in bold; can you tell what do they refer to?
Para. 1 That makes poetry difficult to write, but very interesting to read.
------Poetry plays with sounds,words and grammar.
Para. 3 Despite its short history,there is a lot of good poetry around.
------English poetry’s
Para. 4 The style and atmosphere in their poems has often…
------William Wordsworth,Byron,John Keats
Para. 5 Finally, modern poets have their special …in the language and images they use.
------modern poets
Para. 7 They can help us to understand each other better,…------poems and literature
Discussion
Are poems good for our life? What can we get from poems?
1. Poems bring passion (激情) to our life.
2. Poems help us to understand life, virtues, beauty and romance…
3. Poems make us know, we are here,we can make our life and the world more colorful!
Unit 5
Lead-in
1.What places are they?
River Thames Oxford university British Museum Thames and Big Ben London Bridge
Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
1.How countries is the Great Britain made up of?
Three,England,Scotland and Wales.
2.Is there much rain in the Britain Isles?
Yes,there is much rain
3.When did England and Wales make up the Union? 1536.
4.What is the warmest months in the British Isles? July and August
Skimming:
Skim the text and find out the top sentences for each paragraph.
Para. 1: The idea that England stands for Fish&Chips, the Speakers’ corner and the Tower of London is past. (Idea)
Para 2: The British Isles is a group of islands that lies off the west coast of Europe. (Geography)
Para 3: The climate of the British Isles is mild with a lot of rain. (Climate)
Para 4: The culture of the people in the British Isles has received many influences from the European mainland. (Culture)
Para 5: In 1066, all of Great Britain and Ireland was run over by the French. (French influence)
Para 6: The United Kingdom has a long history. (History)
Para 7: In modern times, people throughout the British Isles speak English. (Language)
Read the passage carefully and decide whether the following sentences are true or false:
( )1.Many people around the world study English, and they know a lot about British culture.
( ) 2.Great Britain is made up of four countries.
( T ) 3.The island of Britain is separated from France by the English Channel.
( ) 4.Scotland is colder throughout the year, but receives less rain.
( T ) 5.People from different parts of northern Europe settled in England, so the culture of the people of the British Isles was influenced by them.
( T ) 6.The southern part of Ireland is now an independent republic.
( ) 7. In modern time, people throughout the British Isles only speak English.
Scanning:
Read for details and fill in the form:
Headings Details
Idea Fact unknown: Made up of three kingdoms
Cultural diversity: Different country, common language
Geography Position of Britain: Off the west coast
England: In the east
Scotland: In the north
Wales: In the west
Position of Ireland: West of Britain
Position of the Isle of Man: In the Irish Sea/ between Britain and Ireland
Position of the Channel Islands Southeast of Britain
Climate The British Isles: mild
The Channel Isles: Warmer and sunnier
Scotland: cold
England and Wales: Rains a lot
Culture Influenced by the European mainland
French Influence The reason why many English words end up with French words: ruled by French in 1066
History 1536: England and Wales formed the Union
1707: Scotland joined the union
Ireland used to be: Part of the UK
And now is: An independent republic
Northern Ireland: Part of UK
The Isle of Man and Channel Islands: Ruled by the King of England
Language English, Welsh, Scottish, Gaelic and Irish
Scan the text and answer the following questions
1.What are the most important facts about the United Kingdom?
The United Kingdom is made up of four parts. They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2.Which countries make up the British Isles?
Great Britain, Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man.
3.What are the most important facts about Ireland?
Ireland is a large island in Europe. Northern Ireland is part of the UK. while the rest makes up the Republic of Ireland.
Questions
1. What is the UK?
The UK is really a nation of different countries held together by a common language and culture.
2.What’s the weather in the British Isles like?
The climate of the British Isles is mild with a lot of rain. Scotland is colder throughout the year. It also has plenty of rain.
3. From where did the culture of the people in the British Isles receive many influence?
The European mainland
4. Who ran over the Great Britain in1066? What’s the result of French influence?
The French. The result was that there were many French words in the English language.
5. Which are the first two countries that joined in the UK?
England and Wales.
6. What do people throughout the British Isles speak now? English
Unit 6
What are mentioned in the article?
Travel online shopping Smart credit cards education health medical science sports
Pre-reading
Scan the text to find out in which paragraph you can find answers to the questions.
1.How will people shop in the future? Para 3
2.How will people travel in the future? Para 2
3.What will schools be like in the future? Para 5
4.What will the future be like in generals? Para 1、6
Transportation
1.Compared with the past, what is the most important thing in future transportation?
No pollution is the most important thing.
2.Why will the maglev train be popular in the future?
Maglev train Environmentally friendly
energy –saving
Amazing speed---430 km/h
Controlled by an advanced computer system.
Health and medicine
What makes it possible for people to enjoy a longer life?
People will pay attention to ….
People are careful about….
Advances in medical science allow us….
New discoveries in …and … may lead to….
Education and knowledge
1.How will the schools of the future be different from what they are today?
There may be more “schools on the air” and “e-schools”.
2.How will the way we view learning and knowledge change?
We will become lifelong learners
Conlusion
What should we do to make sure we will have a bright future?
If we learn to accept and appreciate what is new and different. We will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.
Main idea of each paragraph
Para.1 . Computers are already being used in agriculture and industry.
Para. 2. People will also use computers more and more in their personal lives.
Para. 3. It’s possible that people will work at home.
Para.4.Computers will be used more and more in transport.
Para. 5.Space travel will become much cheaper
Para. 6.In the fields of education, health and research,computers will continue to play an important part.
Main idea of two parts
Part 1: The prediction of the life in the future.
Part2: Future transportation/ education/business/ health and medicine
True or false
1. Public transportation is already well developed in most areas of China.
2. Scientists are developing new fuels and engines that are environmentally friendly. T
3. People can combine shopping with fun in the future. T
4. E-commerce will not be so popular as it is not very safe.
5.We will still prefer using cash instead of cards in the future.
6. In the future distance education will play an important part. T
1.What is one way to catch a glimpse of the future ?
One way to catch a glimpse of the future is to examine some of the major trends in contemporary society.
2.What’s the advantage of on-line shopping?
For companies, the internet makes it easier to keep in touch with customers and companies in other countries.
For people , shopping is no longer a necessity but a form of entertainment combining shopping with fun .
3.What kinds of schools will be there in the future?Why are they useful？
They are “schools on the air” and “e-schools”.
Because people can study whenever they have time and wherever they may be and , what’s more, they will become lifelong learners.
Post-reading
Advantages disadvantages
future transportation clean, fast, safe, without pollution high cost, expensive
online shopping convenient saving time no insurance of quality
future life longer and healthier
e-schools Interesting, convenient, saving time no face-to-face coach
Summary
Fields What will be used? Results
Transportation New technology ;new fuels and engines Cleaner, faster and safer.
Business E-commerce;mall; smart cards. Convenient, fun.
Health and medicine Healthy diet ; exercising regularly; Enjoy a longer and healthier life;
advances in medical science. remain active
Education and E-schools; distance education Can study at home; lifelong learners.
Knowledge
Note-making
AREA USE
Farms control the growing conditions of plants
Banks change money ;pay bills
Houses central computer to control heating and hot water recognize some’s voice
Transport work out the best distance between trains operate trains
Education Store texts
Unit 7
Step1 : Leading-in
They are all living with HIV
Step 2: Skimming
1.In what ways does AIDS spread?
AIDS, which is caused by HIV, can be transmitted via unprotected sex, infected blood transfusion or through birth.
2.How many children were infected in the world in ?
As a result, 3.2 million children were infected in 2002.
Step 3 Intensive Reading
Find out the main points of each part
Para.1 Xiaohua is a person living with AIDS
Para2 what is AIDS.
Para.3 How do people get AIDS
Para.4 Many children become infected with AIDS.
Para.5 Since there is little hope for Xiaohua, she decides to use the limited time to do something to help others.
Para.6 &7 xiaohua helps AIDS patients and tries to change people’s attitude to them.
Part1 Para.1
Part 2 Para.2
Part 3 para.3
Part 4 Para.4
Part 5 Para.5,6,7 How does a person live with Aids and how do others deal with a person living with AIDS?
Main idea:
This passage mainly tells us what we should do toward AIDS and Aids patients
Step 4 Scanning
Please read the text carefully again and add more questions to your list.
1.What kind of disease is AIDS?
AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illness.
2.Where is the disease spreading faster?And why?
In Africa and parts of Asia,Mainly because of a lack of proper health care,prevention and education
3.Which kind of people suffers the most? The young.
4.What did Xiao Hua decide to do after she know she got AIDS?
She decided to use the limited time she has left to do something to help others.
5.Is the disease the only thing that AIDS patients have to suffer from?
No,they also have to deal with people’s fear of the disease
6.What is the best way to show you care about AIDS patients?
Giving an AIDS patients a hug.
Step 5: Listening and reading
1.People will die immediately after they get AIDS.
2. Xiao Hua has hardly any hope to survive. T
3. In 2002, 3.2 million children in the world were infected with HIV. T
4. We should avoid any contact with AIDS patients.
5. Xiaohua’s life won’t be as long as her classmates’ so she is unhappy.
6. Giving an AIDS patient a hug is the best way to show that you care him / her. T
Step 6 Post-reading
1.Find out the difference between AIDS and HIV.
HIV is the virus that caused AIDS. AIDS is a kind of incurable disease. People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV virus.
2. How should we act towards people who have HIV / AIDS? What can we do to help them?
We should be helpful ,friendly and understanding .We can help them by learning more about the disease and by treating them as normal people.
Uni 8
Step 1 Lead-in
1.What should you do if you find a person whose leg is bleeding? Why?
2.What would you do if a person has drunk poison by mistake? Why?
Step 2 Skim the text and complete the table
Letter Represent Meaning
D Danger The accident scene is no longer dangerous
R Response To know that he/she is conscious and can breathe.
A Airway To make sure a person’s airway is open and it is easy to breathe.
B Breathing To start the person who is not breathing at once, using mouth-to-mouth method.
C Circulating Make sure the person’s blood is circulating by looking for color, coughing and eye movement.
Step 3 Fast- reading
What’s the topic of the paragraphs ?
Para. 1. First aid is very important
Para. 2 The most important is to stay calm.
Para. 3-4 When we have to think fast,we must remember DR ABC to give first aid
Para. 5-6 When we have checked the DR ABC we should give the first aid that is needed and call an ambulance.
Step 4 Scanning
1). Is it vital to learn some knowledge about first aid? Why?
Yes, because seconds count in an emergency, and knowing what to do can mean the difference and death.
2). What is the most important thing to bear in mind when you are confronted with an emergency? And for what reason?
We must stay calm, for only in this way will we be able to consider what to do and make better decisions.
3). What is a correct way of placing a body so that the airway is clear and it is easy to breathe?
(Answers on Page 60.)
a…
b…
c…
Step 5 Listen to the tape and answer the question.
Para. 1 First aid is very important
Why is first aid important in our daily life ?
Para. 2 What is the most important thing to remember when dealing with an emergency ?
Para. 3-4 What do the hospitals recommend ?
What do the letters DR ABC stand for ?
What are three important things?
1.Check that the person can breathe.
2.If the person is not breathing, you must try to start his breathing at once.
3.If the person is bleeding badly, you must try to stop the bleeding.
Para. 5 What should we do when we have checked the DR ABC ?
Para. 6 Can we do first aid correctly after reading this passage?
Step 6 Comprehension
1. By saying “ Seconds count in an emergency, ” the writer means ________.
A time is very important B you can count numbers by the second
C time is life D to be calm down, in an emergency, just say numbers by the second
2. What should you do if you want to do first aid correctly ?
A.Learn with a teacher. B Remember the letters DR ABC
C Stay calm D All of the above
3. According to the passage, people in the accident_______.
A. can be helped by anyone who’d like to do so
B. Should be waken up as soon as possible
C. should be put in the recovery position when having been given first aid
D. can be given first aid even without checking the DR ABC
4. Which of the following sentences best expresses
the main idea of the passage?
A. DR ABC should be remembered
B. Remembering the letters DR ABC is enough forfirst aid
C. Why first aid is important and what the letters DR ABC stand for in an emergency
D. What the letters DR ABC mean
5. In the passage., the author seems to be _________.
A.explaining the meaning of the letters DR ABC B. telling us the importance of the first aid
C. giving some basic information about first aid D. showing the importance of DR ABC
Step 7 True or false
1. We can do nothing but call an ambulance or the police when someone is hurt.
2. If you don’t know about first aid, never try to revive the wounded person. T
3. We can check blood circulating only by looking for eye movement.
4. If the person is not breathing , we must start her breathing in ten minutes.
5. If a person is bleeding, make sure that the airway is clear and it is easy to breathe.
6. When the accident happens, go to save the wounded people immediately.
Step 8 Post-reading
Look at the pictures on Page60. Use what you have learnt from the text to explain what the people are
doing in the pictures.
Picture 1
The man is gently tipping the person’s head back to make sure that his airway is open and it is easy to breathe.
Picture 2
If a person is not breathing, we can use the mouth-to-mouth way to start his/her breathing. And this must be done within five minutes.
Picture 3
If a person is bleeding, we should cover the wound with a clean piece of cloth and press on the wound to stop the bleeding.
Step 9 Retelling
Retell something about DR ABC according to the table in pairs.
Step 10 Group discussion
What are some of the most important things to do at the scene of an accident?
Firstly, we should keep calm, make better decisions and call an ambulance or the police.
Secondly, we should check the DR ABC and then give first aid if we know how to do it.
Thirdly, we should put the person in the recovery position and make sure that the airway is clear and it is easy to breathe.
Finally, we should cover the person with a blanket or a jacket to help him or her stay calm, stay with him or her and wait for the ambulance.
Unit 9
skimming
When and where was the first Earth Summit held? What did they do then?
It was first held in Stockholm in 1972.Representatives discussed some of the most important problems facing our planet. Much progress has been made.
step1. Fast reading
Try to find the main idea of each Para.Match them.
Para.1 A brief introduction to 1972,2002 Earth Summits.
Para2 The big three and the results caused by them
Para.3 The responsibilities of the richer countries
Para.4 How to save the earth
Para.5 Small changes make big difference
Para.6 Sts’ better understanding of he environment and their willingness to act are important
Para.7 One of the solutions to the problems---education
Listening
1. Listen to Para 1 and find one of the main themes of the summit.
Sustainable development
2. Listen to Para 2& 3 and find what topics are talked about by the speakers.
1)What are “The Big Three”?
Contaminated drinking water
Poor sanitation Air pollution
2) Poverty, War, Violence
What’s the present problem with the global development?
Richer people get richer while the poor get poorer.
3.What should rich counties do to solve this problem?
Rich countries have a responsibility towards poor countries and must do whatever they can to help others.
Scan the text and see which of the following best express the main idea of the passage? C
A．Different countries have different opinions about development.
B．Equality and fairness are badly needed in the today’s world.
C．The Earth Summit, a way to save the earth.
D．Sustainable development, the future for the world.
1.“Sustainable development ” was brought forth _______. B
A. at the Stockholm Summit B. at the Johannesburg Earth Summit
C. by the World Health Organization D. by China's former Premier Zhu Rongji
2. Which of the following is the main cause of millions of deaths in rural areas ? C
A. Lack of drinking water B. Poor sanitation
C. Air pollution D. Freezing cold
3. Which is the best way to make developing countries prosper ? D
A. Holding conferences like the Earth Summit
B. Richer countries offer much help
C. A better understanding of the environment
D. International cooperation
4. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage ? C
A. Different countries have different opinions about development
B. Equality and fairness are badly needed in the today's world
C. The Earth Summit , a way to save the earth
D. Sustainable development , the future for the world
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage ? D
A.The Earth Summit was once of great help to China
B. The Earth Summit is the best way to solve all kinds of problems
C. Without poverty , war or violence we can develop the world successfully
D. Our willingness to take action is necessary for the protection of our environment
Compare with your partner and decide what you think each part of the text will be about
Introduction (para 1) Introduction of the Earth Summit
Body (para 2-6) Major problems facing the world
Conclusion (para 7) What we can do to solve the problem
Introduction (Para 1)
Fill in the form
The Earth Summit
Time Place Theme
1972 Stockholm The Human Environment
2002 Johannesburg Sustainable Development
Step2.Read the text carefully.
Para.1 Read it quickly,and answer the questions.
In 2002, the Earth Summit was held in Johannesburg in
South Africa. One of the main themes of the summit was Sustainable development
What does “sustainable development” mean? D
A.Developing the nature. B.Developing economy.
C.Taking better care of the earth. D.Developing the world without damaging the environment
Para2. Listen to the tape .
What does the “big three” refer to?
Contaminated drinking water, poor sanitation, air pollution.
Try to find these sentences true or false.
The three big killers in the world are poverty, war, and violence.
Air pollution is a big problem only in rural areas,especially in developing countries.
20% of the people on earth have no clean drinking water.
Read Para.4---Para.6. Do the following exercises.
1.What one of the visitors said shows that____. C
A.There exist serious problems at present.
B.It is difficult to save the earth.
C.The earth summits make people understand the environment.
D.All of us have realized the importance of protecting the environment.
2.What’s the earth summit? C
A.It’s a place to find problems.
B. It’s a place to discuss how to develop economy.
C.It’s a place to find solutions to how to develop without damaging the environment
1.Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? B
A. Farmers are increasing the numbers of their cattle.
B. Farmers are limiting the numbers of their cattle.
C. Heavy rains and strong winds are destroying the valuable soil.
D.Fewer trees are left to hold the soil in place on the hillside.
2.Air pollution doesn't cause _______. D
A. the destroying of forests B. the killing of fish in lakes
C. illnesses and injuries to people D. the spreading of clouds of radiation
3.What is the possible reason why the Mediterranean can’t clean itself? D
A.One quarter of the shores are polluted. B. A lot of diseases are present in the water.
C. It lies between Europe and Africa. D. It has only one narrow entrance to the ocean.
4. The 1st part of the passage is mainly about ________. A
A. the reasons why the area of desert is growing
B. the numbers of cattle farmers should keep
C. the valuable soil strong winds blow away
D. the damage rains and winds bring about
5. If people change their habits, pollution _______. B
A. can be completely stopped B. will become less and less
C. can do less damage to people D.will do no harm to people
6. According to the text _________ are the worst enemy of nature. B
A. cattle B. humans C. deserts D. chemicals
Now, please read the passage carefully. You should pay attention to some detailed information in the passage . After that .Please answer these questions.
1 .What are the “big three”?
The “big three” refers to contaminated drinking water, poor sanitation and air pollution.
2 . Why are conferences like the Earth Summit important?
Because they help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there’s still time to take action. They can tell us what we can do to help, too.
3 .What issues are discussed at the Earth Summit?
Contaminated drinking water, poor sanitation, air pollution, poverty, wars and violence.
4．What is the key to the problem according to the text? Why?
Education 1. To build a better society and put an end to the death and suffering caused by the big three
2. To wipe out much of the poverty.
3. To see less violence and fewer wars.
summary
Accidents I. Time : 1986
Place : at a nuclear power station in Russia
Results : 125,000 die
Accidents II Time : 1984
Place : at a factory in the town of Bhopal in India
Results : 2500 be killed; many lose sight
Fact causes results
Earth desert grow every year cattle ; trees be cut down have less farm land
Air be polluted; chemical rain smoke from; accidents forests be destroyed; fish be killed ;
do harm to people
water be polluted; diseases waste from ; accidents living things be killed ; have less
drinking water ; nowhere to swim
Discussion
If you are one of the representatives at the Earth Summit, What proposal will you offer to solve the problems on the earth?
Unit 10
Step 1 Lead in
1.What’s the weather like today?
2.Do you often care about the weather?
3.How do you hear about it?
4.Have you ever heard of typhoon?
5.What words can you think of to describe the typhoon weather?
heavy wind (blow hard) storm roaring thunder
Also roaring forties: part of the Atlantic Ocean, often very stormy, between latitudes of 40 and 50 degrees south.
6. What will you feel in such kind of weather?
frightened, scared, terrible, happy (why?)
7. What about the hurricane? Have you everheard about it?
8. What about volcano?
9. Look at the picture. Find out as much as you can to describe it.
Eruption lava
10. How is a volcano formed?
The rocks under the earth becomes hotter and hotter and erupted from the mountain.
11. Where is the most possible place that a volcano may erupt? Near the oceans
12. Do you know how a volcano works,if you do, describe it?
Gas vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulphur, etc.
Solid bits of rock and volcanic ash, etc.
Liquid lava
Step 2 Pre reading
the town of Pompeii (relics) two thousand years ago 18 hours
Skimming
Main idea of each part:
Para.1 General introduction to the letter.
Para.2 When and where the volcano erupted?
Para.3-6 What Pliny did when the volcano erupted?
Para.7 Conclusion to the letter.
Decide whether the following sentences are true or false.
1.A volcano erupted on the 24th of August in 79 BC in southern Italy.
2.My uncle planned to save his friend’s wife Rectina.
3.My uncle went to rescue Pompy after saving Rectina. T
4.The flames came from the homes of farmers who had left in a panic with the kitchen fires still on.
5.They decided to try the open air instead of staying in the house. T
6.It was night when the volcano erupted
Divide the text into several parts and tell the main idea of each part.
Step 3 While reading
Scan the text and answer the following questions.
1.What did Tacitus ask the author to do?
Ask him to write him sth about the death of his uncle Pliny.
2.From whom was the letter which the author’s uncle brought?
From his friend’s wife Rectina.
3.Where was Rectina’s house?
At the foot of Vesuvius.
4 What did the captain urge the author’s uncle to do?
He urged the author’s uncle to turn back.
5 Why did the author’s uncle ask to be taken to the baths?
Because he wanted to help the other to calm down.
6 When was the author’s uncle’s body found?
When daylight came again two days after he died.
7.What is described in the following passage?
The eruption of the volcano called Mount Vesuvius.
8.When and where did it happen?
On the 24th of August in 79 AD in southern Italy.
9.Who is the writer of the letter?
Pliny, the younger.( The author of the letter is Pliny’s nephew.)
Read the text carefully & fill in the following form.
Date: On the 24th of August in 79 AD in southern Italy.
What happened: The eruption of the volcano called Mount Vesuvius.
First A cloud of unusual size & shape rising from a mountain drew my uncle’s attention and he wanted to see it from closer at hand.
Next After receiving a letter from his friend’s wife Rectina, he changed his mind to save her.
Then In spite of the danger, he turned back to rescue his friend Pompy and help calm down the other people
Finally My uncle wanted to get out of the danger but failed. He was dead.
Arrange the following statements according to the right order.
1.He decided to rescue his friend Pompy.
2.Some people watched an unusual cloud rising from a mountain.
3.Rectina begged him to save her.
4.He ordered a boat made ready.
5.Two slaves helped him stand up and immediately he fell down dead.
6.He bathed and had dinner.
7.A rain of rocks was coming down.
2 4 3 1 6 7 5
Read the text again and explain what the words in bold refer to.
it: a cloud of unusual size and shape rising from a mountain
the one: the wind
the other: my uncle’s friend Pompy
their: flames
They: scared people
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius
Time What happened
on the 24th of Aug. in 79AD, between 2 & 3p.m. a cloud rose from the mountain
afterwards some of the cloud was white and dark
after dinner broad sheets of flame were lighting up many parts of Vesuvius
the next day shower of rock, darkness
This passage mainly tells us________. C
A To tell sth about Volcano happening in 79AD
B To tell sth about the death of Uncle Pliny
C To help Tacitus to recall what happened to Uncle Pliny
D To be in memory of Uncle Pliny
Unit 5 Getting the message
Reading:
Look at the pictures on page37 and fill in the chart
Items
Ad 1
Ad 2
Ad 3
The products they persuade you to buy
Advanced electronic roducts
Shampoo
Soft drinks
How to persuade
By using abstract design, slogan and pictures
By using wonderful pictures ,slogan and realistic products
By using wonderful pictures, slogan and products
The message each ad gives
High quality,
Help customers to succeed
Create beauty,bring happiness and love to customers
Help athletes to refresh themselves.
How is the information conveyed
Pictures, slogan, spokesman
Products,slogan, pictures
Pictures,slogan, products
Words related to advertising
advertise, advertisement advertiser, brand, post, spokesman, spokeswoman, designer, entertain, promote, customer, slogan, text, writer mislead, humorous, persuasive, broadcast, annoy, appeal to
Pre-reading
Collect advantages and disadvantages of advertisements from the students
Advantages Disadvantages
Provide information Mislead customers
Increase sales Give false or incorrect information
Make the public aware of social problem Raise the price of products
…
1.the first form of advertising : in Greece and Egypt around 1500 B.C.
2.the first printed advertisement: in London 1477
3.the first commercials on radio: about 1920
4.the first commercial on TV: after World War 2
Reading Find out the main idea for each paragraph
Pa1: Ads are found almost everywhere
Pa2: People react to advertisements in different ways.
Pa3: The basic principle of advertisements is to influence customers’ choices.
Pa4: Ads help companies and customers n a variety of ways.
Pa5: the most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
Pa6: Governments and other organizations use ads to make people aware of government policies and social problems.
Pa7: Customers should be careful of illegal ads.
Pa8: Customers should learn to protect themselves from false ads and make smart choices.
Answer the following questions
Fast reading
1.What is people’s reaction to ads.? P2
2.What is the basic principle of advertising? P3
3.What is the most important function of ads? P5
4.what’s the advantage of good ads? P8
Careful reading
1.Why is advertising popular?
2.How does advertising help consumers and companies?
3.What is the basic principle behind advertisements?
4.Why do advertisers often have to work hard to attract people’s attention?
5.What is a “bait-and-switch” a?
6.How can we protect ourselves from misleading ads?
Choose the best answers:
1.The word “advertising” means to make a product known to . D
A managers through broadcast B leaders by radios
C firms by printed notices D people in various ways.
2.One advantage of advertising is that it helps . A
A increase product sales B make a product more expensive
C increase production D reduce the costs of a product
3.Advertising is a highly developed . B
A information B industry C trade D science
4.The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has with the development of advertising. B
A followed up B gone hand in hand C gone behind D taken place
5. The best chance to reach customers is to . C
A sell them the product B sell them what money can not buy: love, happiness and success.
C appeal to their emotions D reduce the price of the products.
6．The development of media has gone hand hand the development of advertising. C
A. by; by B. by; with C. in; with D. in; by
8.People react to advertisements in different ways.Because . 答案：A
A. ads are useful and entertaining to some people while annoying to others
B. ads are useful and entertaining C. ads are annoying
D.ads are not only useful and entertaining but annoying
9.When we buy an expensive product, can help us make the right decision. 答案：B
A. sellers B. ads C. our friends D. defenders
10.“Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits” means . 答案：D
A. all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
B. few ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
C. no ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
D. all ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
11.In order not to become easy target for ad makers, we must . 答案：A
A. distinguish between fiction and facts B. watch TV more often
C. believe all the ads D. never believe any ads
12.The best chance to reach customers for the advertisers is to . 答案：A
A. appeal to their emotions B. make interesting pictures
C. give customers proper prices D. send messages to customers
13.Paragraph 4 is mainly about . 答案：C
A. ads must increase the production B. ads must reduce the price of the production
C. ads must help companies and customers D. ads must make a product more expensive
14.Which sentence tells us the main idea of Paragraph 5? 答案：C
A. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the prices of the products.
B. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the types of the products.
C. The most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
D. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the company where the products come from.
15.Why is advertising popular? 答案：C
A. Because ads are found in newspapers. B. Because ads are found on the Internet.
C. Because ads are found on TV. D. Because ads are found everywhere.
16.We can infer from the last sentence of the text that . 答案：C
A. we must learn to believe ads B. we must learn to accept ads
C. we must learn to analyse ads D. we must learn to accuse ads
T or F
1.People react to advertisements in different ways.( )
2.The basic principle of advertising is fairly difficult.( )
3.Since an increase in sales means an increase in production, the price may be increased, too. ( )
4.Truthful ads provide good information that helps customers to decide whether they want or need the advertised product.( )
5.Perhaps the most important function of advertising is to increase a company’s profits. ( )
6.By using the techniques developed by the advertising industry, governments and other non-profit organizations can spread knowledge, change attitudes and improve society.( )
7.All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.( )
Difficult sentences
1.The development of radio ,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development.
2.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.
3.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.
4.First of all ,we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”.
Integrating skills
Fill in the blanks for the revision
Advertising is a highly developed industry. It has gone hand in hand with radio, television and other media.
People react to ads in different ways. Some think ads are useful and help consumers
make informed choices while others accuse companies of using ads to mislead us. Companies can influence customers’ choices by introducing a brand name and by associating products with customers’ needs. There are so many ads for customers that advertisers must try to get their message across by appealing to their emotions.
Ads help companies and customers in all kinds of ways. They can help companies increase sales . At the same time , they help customers choose among all the available products. In fact, truthful ads provide good information,and help customers compare feathers, functions and costs. Some governments name a famous person as their spokesman or spokeswoman to make people aware
of their social problems and policies.
Customers should protect themselves by keeping an eye out for bad ads, telling false information from real facts and making good choices.
II Lead-in
1 what product do they persuade you to buy?
2 what information about product can you get?
3 How is the information conveyed?
4 What are the skills of making good ads?
III Reading
1 How do the ad-makers create a positive image of the product they are promoting?
2 How do ad-makers choose a name for the product?
3 What kind of slogans should be used to make the consumers to form a positive image? Can you give an example?
4 How are the ads presented ?
How to create a positive image of the product
Choose the words and brand names --- tell the consumer about the advantages of the product ---choose a funny name（use a well-known word--- choose names from old stories--- invent a new word ）
A good slogan（ should be catchy --- easy to remember --- convey a message）
Ads are started with a puzzle or question And presented in a humorous way
1.in order to 为的是;目的在于
2.take …into consideration 考虑某事物
3.compare…with… 把……与……比较(对比)
4.complain about 对某人与某物抱怨
5.in charge of… 负责;处于控制或支配的地位
6.hand in hand 手拉手;密切关联的
7.with the develop of 随着……发展
8.on the other hand 另一方面
9.get… across 传播或为人理解
10.instead of 代替(后面接名词代词动名词或介词短语)
11.appeal to 呼吁;上诉;投合(兴趣或心愿)
12.armed with用…… 做准备;备有
13.make sb. aware of 使人明白;觉察;意识到
14.keep an eye out for 留心或注意到某人或某事物
15.protect…from… 防护而不受
16.at the right time 在恰当的时候
17.point out to (向某人)指出;使注意
18.make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通
19.accuse…of… 指责;控告
20.attach to 系;贴;固定;附着
21 differ from 不同于
22 attach to/connect with 附着/联想
23 attach importance to 给予重视
24 start with 以 开始
25 with the purpose of 以 为目的
26 point out 指出
27 refer to 指/参考
28 think twice 慎重考虑
Unit 6
Reading
Read the text then answer some questions.
1 When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10
2 How long did the journey last? About a year
3 What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas
4 Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?
Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.
Listening
Listen to the tape carefully then do these exercises.
Post-reading
Exercise1. True or False
1 We traveled alone. (F with many other families)
6 When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn’t agree.)
( )7 When the animals smelt the water, they all ran.
Exercise 2
Choose the best answers
1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C
A. California was in desert B. California was far away
C. California was a wonderful land described in a book
D. California was the largest state in the USA
2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A
A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert
3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B
A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.
4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：D
A Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.
C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.
5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. B
A.2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45
6.Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? A
A. Because that meant he/she would die.
B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.
C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.
D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.
7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C
A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.
C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.
8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A
A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.
C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.
9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：D
A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long
B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California
C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end
D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California
10.The best title of the text is . 答案：B
A.A Journey To California B. Long Drive
C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life
Questions:
1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport? You can find your answers in paragraph 3.
2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “long drive”?
We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard.
3 What can you learn from this reading passage? What impresses you most?
1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.
2)The courage of the people impresses me most.
1.believe in 信任;信耐
2.stand for 代表;代替
3.adapt to 适宜
4.lose heart 灰心;泄气
5.be cast away (被)抛弃
6.give up 放弃
7.less than 少于;不足
8.set off for 开始(旅程;赛跑);出发
9.move on 继续前进
10.take the way 出发;首途
11.lose one’s way 迷路
12.hang out 伸出
13.in desperate need of 在极度需要的(时候)
14.on our feet=on foot 步行
15.be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被动语态)习惯于
16.suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦
17.hurry on to (with) 赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事
18.stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
19.start doing sth. 开始做某事
20.go on all fours 用四肢
21.(at)the edge of of (在)……边缘
22.stare at 瞪视; 凝视
23.come to an end 结束;终止
24.a race against time 与时间赛跑
25.save…from 挽救……免于
26.take up to 占用(时间;空间)
27.at stake 在危险中;关系重大
28.risk one’s life to 冒险去做某事
29.apply…to… 运用;应用
30.add up (两个或两个以上的数量或量)加起来
31.take it easy 别紧张;放松点
32.keep up 维持;保持;使某事处于高水平
33.common sense 常识;情理
34.leave behind 忘带;留下
35. live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存
36.tie up 系;拴;捆
37.go for 为……去;努力获取
Unit 7
Step one . Answer the following questions.
1.When does the story happen ?
2.Who is Ebenezer Scrooge ? Which word is he always to comment everything ?
3.Who is Bob Cratchit ? What does he want to do ?
4.What does the gentleman want to do ? Has he Promised ? What happened to Scrooge ?
Step2.Judge the following sentences True or false
1.It was cold in scrooge’s office and Bob had to warm himself over the candles. T
2. Scrooge was willing to let Bob have a day off because it would be Christmas the next day. F
3. Scrooge was invited by his niece and he accepted happily. F
4. A gentleman arrived at Scrooge’s office because he wanted to collected money for the poor. T
5. Scrooge didn’t want to give the poor any money because he was poor himself. F
6. According to the dialogue, in Scrooge’s dream he met his old friend ------Jacob Marley. F
Step three : Fill in the blanks according the passage
It was the day before Christmas and the weather was terrible . Bob wanted to have a day off in order to have a good Christmas dinner but his boss , Scrooge, who was cold , mean and only interested in making money didn’t allow him to do so at first. Scrooge’s nephew--- Fred wanted to invite Scrooge to attend their Christmas dinner but he was refused . A gentleman who wanted bo connect some money for the poor was also turned down by Scrooge. At last when all the others left Scrooge had a dream , in which he Santa Claus
Integrating Skills
Divide the play into 3 parts. Try to find out what caused Scrooge to turn over a new leaf.
Find out something about the firs scene
Place:_ The place where Scrooge live once lived
The time when Scrooge was young.
Time: Young scrooge and his girlfriend
The girl wanted to be separated from Scrooge
Characters: Scrooge cared nothing except money
Event: He felt very uneasy.
In the second scene, Scrooge saw the Christmas party held in Bob Cratchit’s houses. Judge the following sentences True of False .
1.In the dream it was Christmas Eve and the Cratchits were having a Christmas dinner. 2. In the dream Tiny was ill but his father couldn’t afford the medicine for him.
3. These things really happened to the Cratchits. F
4. On seeing the scene Scrooge wanted to change his life.
5. Scrooge ordered a big Christmas tree for the cratchits’. F
Scene 3
From here we say the Scrooge turned over a new leaf. How did Bob Cratchit feel when he saw Scrooge and his turkey ? D
A. Satisfied B. Interested C. Angry D. Surprised
He hadn’t expected that Scrooge would be so generous
Choose the best answers
1.Christmas is traditionally celebrated on . 答案：B
A. December 24 B. December 25 C. December 30 D. December 31
2.Which of the following is not true according to the dialogue? 答案：A
A. The business is now owned by Scrooge and his partner, Marley.
B. Marley died on December 24th.
C. The gentleman tried to persuade Mr Scrooge to do something good for the poor.
D .Many thousands of people don’t have enough money to keep themselves warm.
3.Ebenezer Scrooge is . 答案：D
A. a warm-hearted boss B. a lazy kind boss
C. a hospitable boss D. a greedy ungenerous boss
4.According to the dialogue,which of the following sentences is right? 答案：C
A. Nothing happened when the clock struck one.
B. Scrooge’s eyes were wet because he had a cold.
C. The girl who used to love Scrooge has married another man.
D. Scrooge,a kind old man is always commenting on everything by saying “Humbug”.
5.In the sentence,“He is cold, mean and selfish old man ”,“mean” is . 答案：D
A.有技巧的 B.心情不好的 C.普通的 D.吝啬的
6.From the dialogue, we can infer . 答案：C
A. Fred helps Scrooge become a helpful man
B. everyone does wish Ebenzer Scrooge a merry Christmas
C. Ebenzer scrooge corrects his mistakes and makes a fresh start
D. Scrooge’s partner, Marley died at Christmas
7.The main factor that makes Mr Scrooge change his mind is that . 答案：A
A. he feels afraid the bad thing will happen to him in the future
B. he regrets what he did in the past
C. he is moved by what Santa Claus says
D. he loses his fortune and becomes a poor man himself
8.What can’t be concluded from the passage? 答案：D
A. People usually have turkey for Christmas.
B. The place they live in is cold in winter.
C. Bob is quite astonished Scrooge’s generousness.
D. All the poor people can enjoy a merry Christmas now.
9.According to Fred,Christmas is the day of the year when people . 答案：D
A. think of the past and look forward to the future
B. put valuable things in their pockets
C. have dinner together
D. show kindness to people and help others
10.Mr Scrooge is reluctant to open his heart to the poor because . 答案：D
A. there are plenty of prisons in the world B. he is poor himself
C. the union work houses can help the poor
D. he only cares about his own business and never shows kindness to others
Phrases
1.care for 喜爱；照顾
2.in the race to do sth. 在做某事的竞赛中
3.put on 穿上
4.so far 至此
5.in want of 需要
6.at this festive season of the year 在一年中喜庆的季节
7.close up （尤指暂时）关闭；使靠近
8.leave alone 不管；随…去
9.toast to 干杯
10.date back to 追溯到（过去的某个时间）
11.on the contrary 相反
12.have an eye for 关注；能判断；能欣赏
Unit 8
Fast reading
1 What is the most puzzling question in learning our mother tongue?
2 If we develop our study skills and way of learning, is learning foreign language twice as hard or as easy?
Careful reading
Tell the sentences true or false
1 Although experts don’t agree each other, they all share a common opinion :Life is a very successful language school. T
2 We study our mother tongue all day long for about 5 years before we master it. But we only spend a few hours a week and in a few years’ time we can speak a foreign language. T
3.Successful language learners usually step away from the academic challenges. F
4The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the worse their language acquisition.F
Choose the best answers
1.Most children have mastered their mother tongue . 答案：C
A. at the age of five B. by the age of eight C. before they are five D. since they were five
2.Successful language learners do share the following characteristics except . 答案：A
A. the ability to memorize the words B. an interest in understanding their own thinking
C. willingness to take chances D. confidence in their ability
3.The best option for the exchange students is . 答案：A
A. living with local people B. living in the dormitory
C. choosing exchange programmes at various academic levels at a reasonable cost
D. making friends with the other students
4.The disadvantage of studying abroad is . 答案：B
A. language and culture B. cost and safety C. custom and culture D. exchange programme
5.Visiting students do the following things except . 答案：C
A. staying in the host family’s house B. eating in the host family’s house
C. becoming a member of the family D. keeping in touch with the host family afterwards
6.Before going out to study in a foreign country,you should not . 答案：C
A. care much about the money that may cost you B. collect as much information as possible
C. plan a long course to study D. discuss every detail with your family
7.The sentence “Life is a very successful language school” means . 答案：B
A. we are equipped with a special ability to learn language
B. the key to learn the language well is to communicate with the people around us
C. parents can give children language lessons
D. people can learn the language by themselves
8.What makes it easier to study abroad nowadays? 答案：D
A. The cost has become reasonable. B. There are programmes for all levels.
C. Students can find “home-stay” service and live with the host family.
D. All the above.
9.The greatest value of an exchange student studying abroad is . 答案：C
A. to learn the language B. to widen one’s views and understand the culture of other country
C. to get better idea of yourself and your own culture D. to learn to be independent of oneself
10.What’s the purpose of writing this article? 答案：C
A. Learning a foreign language is twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
B. Learning a foreign language is more important than learning our mother tongue.
C. Learning a foreign language is twice as easy if we develop our study skills.
D. In fact,the number of people learning a foreign language has increased with years.
Decide which language ( mother tongue or foreign language) each of the sentences below
A We learn quite fast.
B We are not taught but learn anyway. M
C Some people think that we are born with an ability to learn this. M
D We can learn faster if we develop study skills.
E Most people have mastered this by the age of five. M
F We learn this in a special place where we can get help.
G It takes longer to learn this. M
H We Learn this by communicating with others. M
Main idea of each paragragh .
1. The environmental factor of learning mother tongue.
2. Different opinions of language experts.
3. The difference between learning mother and learning a foreign language.
4. The characteristics of successful language learners.
5.Different learning ways of successful language learners
6. The importance of the purpose of learning.
The purpose of writing the passage to tell us that learning a foreign language does not have to be twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
Integrating Skills
What is the best way to learn a language ? Why ?
I think the best way to do this is to go to a country where the language is spoken.
We can use the language at any places at any time . It’s good for language learning.
2. Is it possible for you to study abroad ? Yes, it is.
3. What should you do before you go abroad?
We should find out as much as possible about different programmes, including the cost and length of our stay.
4. Can you list the advantages and the disadvantages of studying abroad ?
Advantages of studying abroad
1). become fluent in the new language
2). make friends with people from different background.
3). Understand another culture
4). broaden your horizons and improve your understanding of the world
5). learn about yourself and what your culture is really like
6). learn to depend on yourself
Disadvantages of studying abroad
1). Some of them may fall behind in their studies when studying abroad.
2).They may not be able to take classes at the same level as at home.
3). Parents worry about the safety of their children and may also be concerned about the cost.
Choose the main idea of each paragraph
Para. 1 It is possible for a student of any level to study a foreign language in a country where the language is spoken.
Para. 2 Advantages of studying abroad.
Para. 3 disadvantages of studying abroad.
Para.4 What should you do in order studying abroad ?
Phrases
1.make progress 前进；进步
2.make sense of 弄懂…的意思
3.in other words 换句话说；换言之
4.take risks/a risk 冒险
5.experiment with 进行试验；进行实验
6.piles of 一大堆；一大批；一大团
7.knock down 击倒；撞倒
8.that is to say 也就是说
9.fall behind 落后
10.be different from 与…不同
11.communicate with 与…联系；与…交流
12.distinguish…from… 把与区别开来
13.adjust to 调整；调节；使适合；使便于使用
14.in the process 在进行；经过；在…过程中
15.in common （团体）共同的；公有的
16.make mistakes 犯错误
17.make friends with 与…交朋友
18.take (an active ) part in （积极）参加
19.take patience to 有耐心去做….
教学目标：
知识目标
知道什么是旅游资源
能够正确的给不同的旅游资源分类
掌握旅游资源的特性
能力目标
通过看图，抓住事物的特征，增强学生的读图能力
通过对旅游资源特性的学习，培养学生对优美自然资源的认识，并进一步提升学生的文化内涵。
情感目标
通过对旅游资源的分类和特性的理解，让学生进一步树立热爱、爱护和合理开发自然资源的观点。
培养学生发现自然美、欣赏自然美的情趣，激发他们对自然科学和个人美的追求志向。
通过学习，培养学生热爱大自然，热爱祖国，热爱家乡的情感。
教学重难点：
重点：旅游资源的定义、分类、特性。
难点：旅游资源的特性。
教学方法：启发式教学与讨论相结合。
教学用具：多媒体课件
课时安排：1课时
教学过程：
导课
观看PPT
老师：同学们，看了这些图片之后你会有一些什么发现呢?这些图片都是我国的一些比较著名的景点，有的是自然景色，有的是古代建筑，有的是一些民族节日。这些都是旅游资源。能给我们带来美的感受，同时也可以为国家经济发展做出贡献。那今天我们就来学习什么是旅游资源，以及这些旅游资源都有些什么特性，再给这些旅游资源分一个类。
上课
老师：首先，我们来学习一下什么是旅游资源，大家先说一说你觉得，什么是旅游资源。
(同学回答)
老师：同学们说的很好
板书：一、旅游资源的内涵
1.旅游资源的概念：
老师：自然界和人类社会中，凡能对旅游者产生吸引力，可以为旅游业开发利用，并产生经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的各种事物和因素，都可视为旅游资源。那旅游资源的形成需要哪些必备的条件呢?
板书：2.旅游资源的形成必须具备的条件：
老师：一是对旅游者具有一定的吸引力，能使旅游者得到一定的物质享受和精神满足;二是具有一定的经济、社会、文化价值，能给旅游业带来一定的经济效益和社会效益。只有同时具备两个条件的事物才能被称为旅游资源。
下面同学们讨论一下，你认为旅游资源的形成，最重要的原因是什么?(2分钟)
(同学回答)
板书：3.旅游资源形成的核心：对旅游者的吸引力。
老师：旅游者之所以愿意去某地旅游，是因为那里的环境对他们具有吸引力。这种吸引力可能是自然因素，也可能是文化因素、社会因素或其他任何因素，也可能是上述多种因素兼而有之。现在，我们来分组讨论下面的题。
活动1.有人认为旅游资源就是“旅游者参观游览的地方”，或者更具体地说，是“自然风光加上文化古迹”;还有人认为，旅游资源是指“凡能达到娱乐目的的一切自然资源和文化资源”。这些说法是否全面?为什么?
点拨：这些说法都不够全面。能吸引游客来观光、游览、休闲、度假、健身、体育、疗养、宗教、商务公务洽谈、会展、购物、修学、探险、探秘以及其他各种活动，并且具备旅游开发利用条件的事物和现象，都成为旅游资源。
老师：下面同学们根据旅游资源的涵义，完成下表。
自然、人类社会中的事物和因素 是否是旅游资源 判断理由 海市蜃楼 是 自然景观 景德镇陶瓷 是 旅游商品 古民居 是 古建筑 龙舟竞渡 是 人文活动 黄山迎客松 是 生物景观 重要的体育盛会 是 人文活动 大型商贸会 是 人文活动 渔民出海捕鱼 是 人文活动 点拨：表中所列项目均可作为旅游资源加以开发
老师：上课的时候，给大家看了一组图片，我们会发现这些旅游景观都各有不同，有的景区以山为俊，有的以水为美，有的以其独特的建筑风格而闻名，我们就来给这些旅游资源分类。
板书：二、旅游资源的类型。
老师：根据旅游资源的本质属性，划分为自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源两种类型。看下图。图1. 旅游资源的分类
通过读图，我们应掌握以下知识：
①自然旅游资源，又称自然景观，主要有地貌、水文、气候、生物等要素组成，其中地貌要素处于相对重要的位置，大多数自然风景区都离不开地貌构景的作用。
作用：对探险猎奇、游乐、疗养等方面的旅游有重要意义。
②人文旅游资源，又称人文景观，主要包括古人类遗址、古建筑、宗教文物、民俗风貌等，其中建筑景观是人文风景区构成的重要标志。
作用：更多地表现在教育性(知识的、文化的)旅游方面的意义。
老师：下面同学们分组讨论，并每组给出不同类的旅游资源的例子至少一个
(小组代表发言)
点拨：自然景观的地文景观，如路南石林，水域风光，如杭州西湖，生物景观如黄山迎客松，天象与气候景观，如黄山云海。
人文景观的遗址遗迹，如北京故宫，建筑与设施，如苏州园林，旅游商品，如景德镇陶瓷，人文活动，如傣族泼水节。
老师：很多旅游资源是自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源的综合体。杭州西湖就是自然景观与人文景观的结合典型。
我们发现许多旅游资源都是自然和人文因素综合体。 旅游资源与地理环境有着密切的关系，地理环境烘托和造就了旅游资源。在自然景观中，为便于游人观赏，要修建交通、住宿、餐饮、观赏等建筑;前人的游览也会留下文化术景观(碑刻、字画等)。而人文景观无不与当地的自然环境有着不可分割的联系，并且很多人文景观所处的自然环境本身就具有游览价值。例如，我国的泰山就是人文景观丰富的自然风景区。
活动2：
“活动”的目的：使学生能区别自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源。有利于加深前面所学的旅游资源内涵和类型的认识。
列出当地有哪些自然旅游资源，哪些人文旅游资源?
(学生发言)
点拨：就山东荣成而言，自然旅游资源有成山头、花斑彩石、海驴岛、槎山等，人文旅游资源有圣水观、法华寺、天后宫、西霞口野生动物园等。
谈谈自然旅游资源与人文旅游资源有哪些区别和联系?
(学生发言)
点拨：自然旅游资源是天然形成的自然事物和现象。自然旅游资源的形成历史，往往可以追溯到地质历史时期，以千百万年计算，一经形成，相对比较稳定，变化比较缓慢。自然旅游资源的体量一般较大，往往以构景地貌(如花岗岩构景地貌、喀斯斯特构景地貌、丹霞构景地貌等)作为构架，一般分布在野外。自然旅游资源的开发利用功能主要集中在观光生态、探险、度假、体育等旅游领域。人文旅游资源是人类文化创造的人文事物和现象。人文旅游资源的形成历史相对自然资源较短，容易发生变化，也容易遭受天灾人祸的破坏，因此应重视濒危人文旅游资源的抢救和保护。人文旅游资源体量一般较小，要延长游客滞留时间比较困难，多集中在城市和其他居民点。人文旅游资源的开发利用主要集中在游览、生态、探秘、修学、休闲、度假、商务、会展等旅游领域。
【学习目标】
1. 了解旅游资源的分类。
2. 理解旅游资源的内涵及其形成所必须具备的条件。
3.掌握自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源的区别。
4.理解旅游资源的特性。
5.掌握旅游资源多样性的表现。
6.形成健康、科学的审美观。
【重点难点】
比较两类旅游资源
【学法指导】
案例分析与探究讨论相结合
【知识链接】
知识点一 旅游资源 的内涵
1.定义：自然界和人类社会中，凡能对旅游者产生①__________，可以为旅游业②________________，并产生经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的各种③________________。
2.形成条件
3.核心：⑩____________________。
知识点二 旅游资源的类型
属性划分
对比项目 自然旅游资源 人文旅游资源 形成 在自然界中通过?________过程而形成 在人类社会中通过?________过程而形成 组成 由?________、水文、?________、生物等自然要素组成;其中?________要素相对重要 古人类遗址、?______、宗教文物、?____ ____等;其中?________是人文风景区构成的重要标志 分类 地文景观、?________、生物景观、?__________景观 ____________、建筑与设施、
____________、人文活动 旅游价值 ________、游乐、疗养等 ________性 知识点三 旅游资源的特性
【学习过程】
一、旅游资源的内涵和类型
1.旅游资源形成的条件
旅游资源的形成必须具备以下两个条件：
(1)对旅游者具有一定的吸引力，能使旅游者得到一定的物质享受和精神满足。
(2)具有一定的经济、社会、文化价值，能给旅游业带来一定的经济效益和社会效益。
上述两个条件必须同时具备，才能被称为旅游资源，其中对旅游者的吸引力是旅游资源的核心。
2.旅游资源的类型
根据旅游资源的本质属性，一般将旅游资源划分为自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源两种类型。
种类 举例 旅游价值 核心 表现形式 形成过程 自然旅游资源 地文景观 路南石林 对于探险者猎奇、游乐、疗养等性质的旅游具有重要意义 地貌景观 具体形式 自然过程 水域风光 杭州西湖 生物景观 黄山迎客松 天象与气候景观 黄山云海 人文旅游资源 遗址遗迹 北京故宫 表现在教育性(知识的、文化的)旅游方面的+意义 建筑景观 具体形式和精神文化形式 历史过程及当代人类活动 建筑与设施 苏州 园林 旅游商品 景德镇瓷器 人文活动 傣族泼水节 典例剖析1 阅读下列材料，根据材料提供的相关信息，思考并回答相关问题。
材料 巴厘岛是印度尼西亚的旅游胜地，有着丰富多彩的旅游资源，其中已经规划开发并产生经济效益的就有以下旅游资源：热带沙滩、浅海水域、阳光、火山、珊瑚、森林、独特的动植物资源、民间舞蹈、手工艺品、传统音乐、婆罗浮屠佛塔、普兰班南神庙等。
请将材料中所罗列的各种自然旅游资源进行分类。
分类 具体分类 所对应具体自然旅游资源 自然旅
游资源 答案
分类 具体 分类 所对应具体自然旅游资源 自然旅
游资源 天象与气候景观类 阳光 地文景观类 热带沙滩、火山、珊瑚礁 水域风光类 浅海水域 生物景观类 森林、独特的动植物资源 思路剖析 自然旅游资源又可以分为地文景观、水域风光、生物景观、天象与气候景观四大类，据此可以将材料中罗列的各类旅游资源进行更加详细的分类。
二、结合实例分析旅游资源的特性
旅游资源与其他资源相比具有自身的特性，利用下表可以加深对其特性的认识。
特性 含义 实例 多样性 旅游资源内容上极其多样;空间分布上广泛存在 中国南方地区、北方地区、西北地区、青藏高原地区风景各异，人文风情也各不相同 非凡性 旅游资源是在同类中具 有非凡特点的事物或者现象。非凡性越突出，吸引力越大，吸引范围越广，开发价值越高 青藏高原独特的雪域风光和藏族风情、独一无二的长城等 可创造性 人文景观是人们根据不同的目的建设和创造的 太空游、乡村游、海底探险游，应人类需求而生 永续性 旅游资源具有长久的生命力，并且使用是无消耗的(与其他资源相比最突出的特点)，但是只有在适度开发和保护的条件下才能实现 故宫的游览价值有增无减，承德避暑山庄的作用常年发挥
[思维拓展] 旅游资源的其他特性
非凡性、多样性、永续性是自然景观和人文景观都具有的特点。除此之外，人文景观还具有可创造性、可变异性的特点，自然景观还具有季节性、地域性的特点。
【典例剖析2】读下列一组景观图，分别是①南京中山陵、②布达拉宫、③庐山三叠泉瀑布、④广西漓江。读图，完成下列问题。
(1)旅游资源通常被划分为自然旅游资源和__________________________两大类，上述四处景观属于自然旅游资源的是__________(填代码)。
(2)人文旅游资源与其他旅游资源相比，其旅游方面的意义更多地表现在( )
A.探险、猎奇 B.游乐 C.疗养 D.教育性
(3)图中旅游景观的丰富多彩，说明旅游资源具有________性，漓江独特的山水地貌和号称“庐山第一奇观”的三叠泉瀑布，是其他旅游景区所不具备的，这体现了旅游资源的
________性，其中________(代码)旅游景观的可创造性，也充分体现了它们所具有的历史文化价值，这些旅游景区每年都吸引大批中外旅游者，这主要体现旅游资源的______性，但旅游资源的________性，意味着旅游景观的欣赏不会破坏旅游资源本身，只要正确利用和保护旅游资源，旅游资源就会 长久存在。
【答案】(1)人文旅游资源 ③④ (2)D
(3)多样 非凡 ①② 非凡 永续
【思路剖析】本题主要考查了旅游资源的分类、意义及特性。旅游资源按属性分为自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源两大类。旅游资源具有多样性、非凡性、可创造性、永续性等特点。
【基础达标】
1.下列关于旅游资源内涵的叙述，正确的是( )
A.旅游资源是指具有一定吸引力，能使旅游者得到物质享受和精神满足的各种事物和因素
B.具有一定的经济、社会和文化价值，给旅游业带来一定经济效益和社会效益的各种因素都是旅游资源
C.凡能达到观光、猎奇、探险、疗养等旅游目的的一 切自然资源和文化资源都是旅游资源
D.旅游资源是指对旅游者产生吸引力，可以为旅游业开发利用，并产生经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的各种事物和因素
2.下列事物和因素属于旅游资源的是( )
①“神六”宇宙飞船发射基地 ②磁悬浮列车
③木星美丽光环 ④爱斯基摩人的雪屋
A.①② B.②③
C.①④ D.③④
3.下列有关旅游资源中的自然景观的叙述，正确的是( )
A.自然景观多具有教育意义
B.气象气候景观是自然景观的核心
C.自然景观多具有可创造性
D.自然景观具有季节性和地域性
4.旅游资源的本质特性是( )
A .多样性 B.可创造性
C.非凡性 D.永续性
5.中国南北地理分界线标志园项目在江苏淮安正式启动建设，该标志园位于淮安北路东侧的古淮河两岸。整个标志园由整体纪念广场、城市旅游接待地、大众休闲区、文化教育基地四个部分组成。中国南北地理分界线标志园的建设将带动旅游业的发展，这表明旅游景观具有( )
A.非凡性 B.永续性
C.可创造性 D.美学价值
6.下列一组景观分别是：A.南京中山陵，B.布达拉宫，C.庐山三叠泉瀑布，D.广西漓江。读图，完成下列问题。
(1)旅游资源通常被划分为自然旅游资源和______________两大类，上述四处景观属于自然旅游资源的是__________(填字母)。
(2)人文旅游资源与其他旅游资源相比，更多地表现出____________旅游方面的意义。
(3)图中旅游景观的丰富多彩，说明旅游资源具有_____ ___性。漓江独特的山水地貌和号称“庐山第一奇观”的三叠泉瀑布，是其他旅游景区所不具备的，这体现了旅游资源的__________性。其中____________(填字母)旅游景观的可创造性，也充分体现了它们所具有的历史文化价值。旅游资源的____________性，意味着旅游景观的欣赏不会破坏旅游资源本身，只要正确利用和保护旅游资源，旅游资源就会长久存在。
【拓展提升】
学习目标 理解大气热力环流的基本原理及风的成因。
一、热力环流
1.概念：热力环流是由地面①__________引起的大气运动，它是大气运动的②________的形式。
2.过程
(1)a地受热，空气上升，形成③______;d处空气密度增大，形成④______;
(2)b、c地冷却，空气下沉，形成⑤______;f、e处空气密度减小，形成⑥______;
(3)同一水平面上，气流由⑦______流向⑧______。
二、大气的水平运动
类
型
影响大气运动的力
风向及图示(北半球)
高低气压分布(北半球)
名称
方向
高空风
⑨______________
垂直于⑩____，由?____压指向?____压
风向与等压线平行
左?______右?______
地转偏向力
与风向?______
近
地
面
风
水平气压梯度力
同上
风向与等压线?__________
?______低压，?______高压
地转偏向力
?________
与风向?______
基础达标练
考查点1 热力环流
读下图，回答1～2题。
1.若此图为热力环流侧视图，则下列说法正确的是( )
a.温度：a>b>c>d
b.气压：d>a>b>c
c.引起该环流形成的原因是地面冷热不均
d.热力环流是大气运动的最复杂的形式
2.若此图是城郊环流侧视图，③处为绿地，则通过此环流对城市空气起到的作用是( )
a.净化、增温 b、净化、增湿
c.增温、增湿 d.减湿、减温
考查点2 大气的水平运动——风
3.如下图所示，一架飞机在北半球自东向西飞行，飞机左侧是高压，可判断( )
a.顺风飞行 b.逆风飞行
c.飞机在信风带中飞行 d.风从北侧吹来
4.下列四幅图能正确反映北半球近地面风向的是( )
方法技巧练
方法一 等压面图的判读方法
1.下面的等压面分布图中，正确的是( )
a.①② b.①③ c.①④ d.②④
方法技巧
(1)等压面凹凸与气压类型
等压面向上凸起的地方是高压区，等压面下凹的地方是低压区(可简化为“上凸高压，下凹低压”)，因近地面与高空气压类型相反，故同一地区近地面与高空的等压面凹凸方向相反;在同一高度上，气流是从等压面上凸的地方水平流向下凹的地方。
(2)等压面的分布
①在垂直方向上，高度越高，气压越低。
②若地面海拔相同、冷热均匀，等压面与等高线重合且与地面平行。
③若地面冷热不均，等压面发生弯曲，等压面向上凸的地方为高压区，向下凹的地方为低压区。
④近地面的气压与高空气压值高低相反。
方法二 风向和风力大小的判断方法
2.读“近地面风形成示意图”，回答下列问题。
(1)产生大气水平运动的原动力是________(填字母)。
(2)图中箭头v表示a点空气匀速运动方向，此图是______(南、北)半球气压分布图，判断理由是________________________________。
(3)从图中可见，近地面风向与等压线的关系是________。
(4)f1、f2、f3对风速有明显影响的是____________(填字母)，只影响风向的是________(填字母)。a、c两处相比，风力较大的是________，原因是__________________________。
(5)画出b、c两点风向。
方法技巧
图示
作用力
特征
意义
f1
水平气压梯度力
大小与气压梯度有关，方向始终垂直于等压线
形成风的直接原因，既影响风速也影响风向
f2
地转偏向力
北半球右偏，南半球左偏，方向始终与风向垂直
只影响风向，不影响风速
f3
摩擦力
方向与风向相反，大小与地面状况有关
既影响风向，也影响风速
教材p35 读图
空气具有热胀冷缩的性质，近地面温度高，空气受热膨胀上升，气压低。近地面温度低，空气受冷收缩下沉，近地面气压高。
参考答案
知识清单
①冷热不均 ②最简单 ③低压 ④高压 ⑤高压 ⑥低压 ⑦高压 ⑧低压 ⑨水平气压梯度力 ⑩等压线 ?高 ?低 ?垂直 ?低压 ?高压 ?摩擦力?相反 ?成一夹角 ?左前 ?右后
基础达标练
1.c [若为热力环流，则a处气压高、气温低，b处气压低、气温高，d、c气温、气压都小于a、b气温、气压，且d>c。热力环流是由于地面冷热不均形成的，是大气运动的最简单的形式。]
2.b [若为城郊环流，则a为郊区，b为城市，城市形成“热岛效应”，从郊区绿地吹来的风对城市空气有净化、增湿、降温的作用。]
3.b [由图示可知，水平气压梯度力由下方指向上方，在北半球水平运动的物体受地转偏向力的影响向右偏，即风向由西向东吹，故为逆风飞行。]
4.d [近地面的风受到水平气压梯度力、摩擦力和地转偏向力的影响，风向与等压线斜交，且北半球风向右偏，因此符合要求的只有d选项。]
方法技巧练
1.d [根据等压面的凸向可判断气压的高低。地表受热，空气上升，近地面形成低压，等压面向下凹，高空相反;地表冷却，空气下沉，近地面形成高压，等压面向上凸，高空相反。]
2.(1)f1
(2)南 在地转偏向力影响下，风向左偏 (3)斜交
(4)f1、f3 f2 c c处等压线密集，水平气压梯度力大
(5)略。
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