下面是小编帮大家整理的青岛市中考地理备考试卷真题（共含12篇），希望对大家有所帮助。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“阿殍”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
(下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个是最符合题意要求的。每题1分，共35分)
读图1四幅景观图，完成1—2题。
1.四景观中属于自然风光的是
A.① B.② C.③ D.④
2.四景观所在国属于发展中国家的是
A.① B.② C.③ D.④
读图2经纬网图，完成3—5题。
3.图中①地所在的地理坐标是
A.70°N，170°E B.70°N，170°W
C.70°S，170°E D.70°S，170°W
4. 图中②地位于③地的
A.西南方向 B.东北方向
C.正南方向 D.正北方向
5.下列关于①②③④四地叙述错误的是
A.①地位于南寒带 B.②地位于中、高纬度分界线
C.③地位于南半球 D.④地位于西半球
第31届夏季奥林匹克运动会将于8月5日—21日在巴西里约热内卢举行。结合图3太阳直射点在南北回归线周年往返路径示意图、图4光照图，完成6—7题。
6.奥运会期间，青岛昼夜长短情况叙述正确的是
A.昼变长夜变短，昼长于夜 B.昼变短夜变长，昼长于夜
C.昼变长夜变短，昼短于夜 D.昼变短夜变长，昼短于夜
7.图4阴影表示黑夜，箭头表示地球自转方向，此时太阳直射点位于图3中的
A.①点 B.②点 C.③点 D.④点
读图5安第斯山脉南段图及A、B两地的气候资料图，完成8—9题。
8.图中A地的气候类型是
A.地中海气候 B.亚热带季风气候 C.温带季风气候 D.温带海洋性气候
9.造成A、B两地降水不同的主要因素是
A.纬度因素 B.地形因素 C.海陆分布 D.太阳辐射
读图6南亚地区农作物分布图，完成10—11题。
10.据图可知，有关南亚农作物分布叙述正确的是
A.棉花分布在东北部地区
B.小麦分布在恒河三角洲
C.水稻分布在东北部和西部沿海
D.黄麻分布在印度河平原
11.图中四城市中，最适合发展棉纺织工业的是
A.① B.②
C.③ D.④
当你徜徉在亚洲甲地古城的街头巷尾，吸引目光的是浓郁的宗教文化。读图7亚洲部分地区图，完成12—14题。
12.甲地位于
A.东南亚地区 B.南亚地区
C.西亚地区 D.中亚地区
13.甲地所属国家主要的出口产品是
A.茶叶 B.锡矿
C.石油 D.咖啡
14.甲地居民主要信奉的宗教是
A.____ B.伊斯兰教
C.佛教 D.天主教
读图8南极洲简图，完成15—16题。
15.北京时间(东八区)202月7日22时，某工程师在长城站(西四区)参加了央视春晚微信抢红包活动，该工程师微信抢红包的当地时间是
A.2月7日22时 B.2月6日22时
C.2月7日10时 D.2月8日10时
16.下列关于南极地区的叙述，正确的是
A.甲处大洋为太平洋
B.该地区储存着大量的固体淡水资源
C.我国四个科考站都有极昼极夜现象
D.每年6—8月是南极科考的最佳时期
读图9俄罗斯主要交通运输方式及其运输周转量图，完成17—18题。
17.据图推断俄罗斯货物运输的主要方式是
A.航空、铁路 B.公路、海运
C.管道、铁路 D.铁路、公路
18.俄罗斯内河航运不发达的主要原因是
①河流含沙量大 ②纬度高，河流结冰期长
③河流南北流向对东西向运输没有大的帮助
④河流流速快
A.①② B.②③
C.③④ D.①④
读图10我国7月等温线分布图，完成19—20题。
19.我国夏季气温分布的主要特点是
A.南北气温都较高
B.南北气温差异大
C.气温最低区域在北方
D.东高西低，气温差异大
20.据图可知，拉萨的气温在
A.24—28℃之间 B.16—24℃之间
C.8—16℃之间 D.8℃以下
沪昆高速铁路是我国“四纵四横”的快速客运通道之一，预计于年全线通车。读图11沪昆高铁客运专线图，完成21—23题。
21.图中A省区的简称、B省区的行政中心分别是
A.黔、南昌 B.赣、长沙
C.湘、贵阳 D.湘、南昌
22.沪昆高铁修建过程中不可能遇到的障碍是
A.喀斯特地貌，地形崎岖
B.雪峰山脉，坡度大
C.多滑坡、泥石流等自然灾害
D.冰川广布，冻土深厚
23.下列著名旅游景点位于沪昆高铁沿线的是
A.杭州西湖 B.长江三峡 C.桂林山水 D.安徽黄山
读图12我国西电东送路线示意图，完成24—26题。
24.西电东送工程北线输送到的地区是
A.辽中南工业区
B.京津唐工业区
C.沪宁杭工业区
D.珠江三角洲工业区
25.西电东送工程南线输送的电力类型是
A.火电 B.水电
C.风力发电 D.核电
26.西电东送减轻了珠江三角洲地区日益严重的环保压力，主要原因是
A.煤炭在能源消耗中所占比重减少 B.绿化面积增加
C.用电量减少 D.使用环保电器者增多
读图13我国某地区气象灾害成因示意图，完成27—28题。
27.图中所示的某气象灾害是
A.寒潮
B.沙尘暴
C.春旱
D.洪涝
28.该气象灾害最易发生的地区是
A.四川盆地 B.东北平原
C.长江三角洲 D.华北平原
读图14中国人均资源占有量与世界平均水平的比较图，完成29—30题。
29.下列资源中，人均占有量最接近世界平均水平的是
A.石油 B.水
C.耕地 D.煤炭
30.图14反映我国资源的基本国情是
A.总量丰富
B.人均占有量少
C.总量缺乏
D.人均占有量多
读图15长江沿江地带示意图，完成31—32题。
31.与上海相比攀枝花发展钢铁工业的突出优势是
A.资金、技术 B.劳动力、信息 C.原料、能源 D.交通、市场
32.图中城市分布的共同特点是
A.沿海分布 B.沿矿产分布 C.沿江分布 D.沿湖泊分布
读图16青岛地形图、图17青岛某山地植被分布图，完成33—35题。
33.由图16可知，青岛的主要地形类型是
A.平原、高原 B.平原、丘陵 C.山地、盆地 D.平原、盆地
34.图17中，山麓植被类型主要是
A.温带落叶阔叶林 B.亚热带常绿阔叶林 C.温带常绿阔叶林 D.亚寒带针叶林
35.导致山体南北两侧植被分布高度差异的主要自然条件是
A.水热 B.气压 C.土壤 D.坡度
36.读图18贵州某区域等高线地形图和“之”字状公路景观图，完成下列问题。(7分)
(1)图中①②③处海拔最高的是__________处。(1分)
(2)在山区公路建设中，陡坡段增加“之”字状弯曲，原因是_________(1分)
A.尽可能连接居民点 B.尽可能减缓坡度
C.尽可能避免跨越河流 D.尽可能缩短距离
(3)甲处山体部位的名称是____________。试分析公路从该部位通过的原因。(2分)
(4)描述图中河流干流的大致流向。(1分)
(5)本地区土层较薄，由于不合理的垦殖活动，破坏了原有植被，造成严重的水土流失，导致出现______________现象。为了减轻此现象造成的危害，贵州可实施哪些生态环境恢复措施?(2分，至少写出两种)
37.读日本和青岛相关图文资料，完成下列问题。(8分)
(1)日本是东亚岛国，领土中面积最大的岛屿是_________________，主要的地形类型是 __________________。(2分)
(2)日本海沿岸年平均降雪量在400毫米以上，在日本被称为“特别豪雪地带”。试分析日本海沿岸冬季降雪“特别豪”的原因。(2分)
(3)将日本工业分布特点的主要原因填写完整。(2分)
(4)青钢由李沧区北部搬迁至青岛西海岸董家口临港产
业区。厂区紧邻40万吨级矿石码头，并建了青钢专用矿石泊
位和钢材发运泊位，降低了运输成本。结合以上信息和图20
分析青钢搬迁到董家口港区的优势。(2分)
38. 读图21欧洲西部和北美地区气候类型分布图，完成下列问题。(7分)
(1)欧洲西部和北美地区均北临的大洋是____________，两地区都主要位于五带中的 ___________。(2分)
(2)与欧洲西部相比，北美地区的温带海洋性气候在地区分布上有什么特点?其主要的影响因素是什么?(2分)
(3)分别说明两地区发展乳畜业的气候条件。(2分)
(4)从社会经济方面分析两地区乳畜业发达的共同主要原因。(1分)
39.读图22三江平原、三江源和三江并流地区分布图，完成下列问题。(8分)
(1)河流A是_______________，读图23
该江某水文站多年平均径流量图，可知M、N
两汛期出现的季节分别是________和_______，
并解释M汛期形成的原因。(4分)
(2)三江源地区是黄河、长江和______________(河流)的发源地，其源头水源补给形式主要是____________________________________。(2分)
(3)三江并流位于我国横断山区，是世界上罕见的高山深谷地貌代表地区，试分析此地水能资源丰富的原因。(2分)
40.读人口相关资料，完成下列问题。(7分)
材料一：现阶段我国人口再生产类型实现了由高出生、低死亡、高增长的传统型向低出生、低死亡、低增长的现代型历史性转变。
材料二：当一个国家或地区65岁及
以上人口占人口总数的7%，即意味着这
个国家或地区进入到老龄化社会。图24
为—我国65岁及以上人口
占人口总数变化趋势图。
(1)现阶段我国人口再生产类型实现了历史性转变，使得“世界70亿人口日”的到来推迟了5年。这一转变得益于我国把______________________作为一项基本国策。(1分)
(2)由材料二可知，我国大致从___________年开始进入老龄化社会，此后人口老龄化的发展趋势是__________________________。说出人口老龄化对我国社会发展带来的负面影响。(3分)
(3)我国决定自2016年1月1日起实施全面二孩政策，该政策对青岛市人口数量和老龄化现象有何影响?(2分)
(4)据统计20末，青岛市常驻人口超过900万，其中登记流动人口超过200万，居全省首位。流动人口给青岛市带来哪些有利的影响?(1分)
41.长绒棉以其纤维长、色泽好、品质高而受到国内外用户的青睐。某中学地理兴趣小组拟探究“影响长绒棉分布的主要自然条件”，请你与该小组一起完成下面的探究过程。(8分)
探究主题：影响长绒棉分布的主要自然条件
探究材料：图25x疆长绒棉分布图和埃及长绒棉分布图
尝试探究：
(1)地形与长绒棉分布
据x疆长绒棉分布图可知，x疆长绒棉主要分布在山麓和盆地边缘的____________地带，地形平坦;据埃及长绒棉分布图可知，埃及长绒棉主要分布在______________谷地和三角洲地区，土壤肥沃。(2分)
(2)气候与长绒棉分布
x疆地属温带大陆性气候区，埃及主要位于热带沙漠气候区，两地有利于长绒棉生长的共同气候条件是昼夜温差大，降水少，晴天多，____________。(1分)
(3)水源与长绒棉分布
x疆的山麓和盆地边缘地带有较丰富的高山冰雪融水和地下水;埃及的尼罗河为长绒棉生长提供了丰富的灌溉水源。
归纳总结：长绒棉的分布主要与地形、________和_______等自然条件有着密切的联系。(2分)
迁移应用：
深居亚欧大陆内部的中亚地区，也是世界上长绒棉的主要产区。结合图26，分析中亚长绒棉种植的有利自然条件。(3分)
(1)___________________________________________________________________。
(2)___________________________________________________________________。
(3)___________________________________________________________________。
中考英语试卷真题
Ⅰ. Phonetics (10 points)
Directions:
In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1.A. club B. tomb C. comb D. climb
2.A. food B. cool C. school D. flood
3.A. town B. how C. down D. snow
4.A. each B. peach C. break D. deal
5.A. hear B. fear C. dear D. wear
6.A. receive B. friend C. field D. piece
7.A. question B. notion C. exception D. vocation
8.A. exhaust B. exercise C. exam D. exact
9.A. where B. what C. whose D. white
10.A. switch B. hatch C. character D. match
Ⅱ. Vocabulary and Structure (40 points)
Directions:
There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
11. Today is Jenny’s wedding day. She _______ to Thomas.
A. just has got married B. has just married
C. was just married D. has just got married
12. Every officer and every soldier _______ obey the rules.
A. had to B. have to C. has to D. must have to
13. Rarely _______ so difficult a problem.
A. she could have faced with B. could have she faced with
C. she could have been faced with D. could she have been faced with
14. ______ a dog on the road, the car stopped.
A. Having seen B. On seeing C. The driver seeing D. Seeing
15. I asked my teacher _______.
A. what courses should I take B. should I take what courses
C. I should take what courses D. what courses I should take
16. Comrade Li promised to help us and he said he would come ______.
A. right away B. all at once C. all of a sudden D. all right
17. There aren’t many pandas ________ in the world today.
A. alive B. living C. lively D. lived
18. Such electron tubes ________ in a radio set are also found in a TV set.
A. that we use B. as we use C. as we use them D. that we use them
19. It _______ to me that he was jealous.
A. happened B. took C. occurred D. felt
20. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.
A. were heated B. must be heated C. is heated D. be heated
21. Please ______ me at the station on time.
A. meeting B. to meet C. meet D. met
22. _______ “hello”, he reached out his hand.
A. Said B. Saying C. To say D. Say
23. People are more _______ to spend money on goods with an attractive look than those without.
A. attracted B. tempted C. persuaded D. tended
24. It was ______ he saw the doctor coming out of the emergeney room with an expression as grave as a judge _______ he realized the seriousness of his wife’s illness.
A. not until…that B. after…when C. until…then D. before…that
25. Please telephone me half an hour _______.
A. in charge B. in advance C. in time D. in front
26. Both Mary and Ellen, as well as Jan, _______ studying Chinese History.
A. are B. is C. are being D. is being
27. I’d like to _______ him to you for the job. He is a very clever and industrious boy.
A. refer B. suggest C. recommend D. propose
28. It ______ that 200 people died and over 5,000 lost their shelters after the flood.
A. reported B. reports C. has been reported D. has reported
29. He was asked to speak louder ______ all the other students in the classroom could hear him.
A. as B. so as to C. so that D. so as
30. His report on the space exploration was really ________.
A. exciting B. excited C. excitement D. excitedly
31. Your chair needs _______.
A. to repair B. repairing C. to repairing D. being repair
32. I hate to see papers _______ in pencil.
A. writing B. to write C. written D. write
33. The job made her dependent _______ her husband.
A. on B. from C. of D. to
34. This is the second time she ______ improvement on that equipment.
A. had made B. made C. is making D. has made
35. He spoke so quickly that I did not ______ what he said.
A. catch B. accept C. take D. listen
36. _______determines a good meal varies from country to country.
A. What B. That C. It D. Which
37. As the journey was a long one, he took a friend with him for ________.
A. pleasure B. entertainment C. company D. defence
38. I suggest _______ for an outgoing this Sunday.
A. us going B. we are going C. to go D. our going
39. We’ve ______ sugar. Ask him to lend us some.
A. run away with B. run down C. run off D. run out of
40. It was in 1930 _______ he became a university student.
A. when B. that C. which D. and
41. I am very _______ to you for your help.
A. grateful B. agreeable C. pleased D. thanks
42. You _______ go now. It’s very late.
A. had rather B. prefer to C. had better D. would rather
43. If I were you, I would take it easy, _______ is no need to be nervous.
A. it B. this C. there D. which
44. Why not _______ me earlier?
A. to tell B. tell C. telling D. told
45. Joe’s handwriting is ________ Mary’s.
A. more better B. as well as C. much better than D. more better than
46. The experiment _______ the discovery of a cure for cancer.
A. happened to B. led up C. resulted in D. set up
47. To produce one pound of honey, a colony of bees must fly a distance _______ to twice around the world.
A. similar B. equal C. compared D. corresponding
48. I did not mean ____ anything, but those apples looked so good I couldn’t resist ___one.
A. to eat…trying B. to eat…to trying C. eating…to try D. eating…to trying
49. I had hardly sat down _______ he stepped in.
A. when B. that C. until D. after
50. In his time he enjoyed a reputation _______.
A. as great as Mozart, if not greater than B. as great as, if not greater than, Mozart
C. as great, if not greater, as Mozart D. greater, if not as great as Mozart
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中考英语试卷练习题
一、语音知识(共5小题;每题1.5分，共7.5分。)
在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。找出这个词，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边括号里。
( )1.A.straight B.prefer C.enough D.fall
( )2.A.low B.though C.knowledge D.sold
( )3.A.calm B.hall C.talk D.ball
( )4.A.already B.each C.league D.weak
( )5.A.produce B.true C.computer D.news
二、词汇与语法知识(共25小题;每题1.5分，共37.5分。)
从每小题的四个选择项中，选出最佳的一项，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边的括号里。
( )6.Are you sure you don‘t have _______ advice to give me?I really need _______.
A.any;any
B.some;any
C.any;some
D.any;some
( )7.When we saw his face， we knew _______ was bad.
A.the news
B.some news
C.a news
D.news
( )8.The number of students in our school ________.
A.increased
B.is increased
C.has increased
D.are increased
( )9.________ your step，or you might fall into the water.
A.See
B.Watch
C.Miss
D.Look at
( )10.The meeting _______.
A.is to put off
B.is going to put off
C.is to be put off
D.will put off
( )11.Since the road is wet this morning，last night _______.
A.it must be raining
B.it must rain
C.it must have rained
D.it must have been rained
( )12.Nothing could stop _______.
A.him come
B.that the came
C.him from coming
D.him to come
( )13.The noise of desks _______ could be heard out in the street.
A.opened and closed
B.to be opened and closed
C.being opened and closed
D.having been opened and closed
( )14.The medicine will ______ you good.
A.do
B.save
C.give
D.help
( )15.A few years later，I found my hometown completely _______.
A.changed
B.changing
C.to be changed
D.to change
( )16.This novel is worthy of_______.
A.reading
B.read
C.having read
D.being read
( )17.It is very kind ______ see me.
A.from you to
B.as
C.as if
D.like that
( )18.It looks _______ it‘s going to rain.
A.that
B.as
C.as if
D.like that
( )19.The stone was so heavy that it was difficult for the old man to ______ it.
A.lift
B.reach
C.rise
D.touch
( )20.They lives ______ the other side of the road.
A.in
B.on
C.for
D.by
( )21.She can speak Japanese better than ________else.
A.the one
B.no one
C.anyone
D.another
( )22.This lesson is _______ than the last one.
A.more easier
B.more easy
C.very easier
D.much easier
( )23.Today‘s weather isn’t as cold as it was yesterday， ________?
A.wasn‘t
B.is it
C.was it
D.isn‘t it
( )24.This book is for students ______ native language is not English.
A.of whom
B.that
C.which
D.whose
( )25.You may not go out _______ your work is done.
A.before
B.until
C.where
D.as
( )26.Look what Father_______ me when he came from work.
A.brought
B.took
C.carried
D.fetched
( )27.Nobody knew _______ there.
A.how long time I had been
B.how long had I been
C.how long time had I been
D.how long I had been
( )28.The harder he studies，_______.
A.he‘ll make great progress
B.the greater progress he‘ll make
C.he‘ll make greater progress
D.the greater he‘ll make progress
( )29.________，I would have gone to see him.
A.Have I had time
B.Had I time
C.Had I had time
D.would I have had
( )30. He didn‘t go to France，the doctor suggested that he _______there.
A.won‘t go
B.not go
C.not to go
D.didn‘t go
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中考英语试卷模拟题
Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one thatis different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corres-ponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1根据读音，选择出划线部分读音不同的选项。( )
A.windB.kindC.findD.mind
参考答案：A
参考解析：
A项划线部分发[i]，而B、C、D三项划线部分发[ai]，因此选A项。
2根据读音，选择出划线部分读音不同的选项。( )
A.broughtB.thoughtC.foughtD.doubt
参考答案：D
参考解析：
A、B、c三项划线部分的发音为[3z]，而D项划线部分的发音是[au]，因此选D项。
3根据读音，选择出划线部分读音不同的选项。( )
A.wasteB.pasteC.voyageD.snake
参考答案：C
参考解析：
A、B、D三项划线部分发[ei]，而C项划线部分发[i]，因此选C项。
4根据读音，选择出划线部分读音不同的选项。( )
A.calmB.hallC.talkD.ball参考答案：A
参考解析：
A项划线部分发[0：]，而B、C、D三项划线部分发[0：]，故选A项。第4000
5根据读音，选择出划线部分读音不同的选项。( )
A.saysB.playsC.staysD.Days
参考答案：A
参考解析：
A项划线部分发[e]，而B\C D三项划线部分发[ei]，因此选A项。
II. Vocabulary and Structure( 15 points)
Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
6When Jane fell off the bike，the other children__________.
A.were not able to help laughterB.could not help but laughingC.could not help laughingD.could not help to laugh
参考答案：C
参考解析：
earl’t(couldn't)help doing sth.是一个常用的搭配，意为“忍不住做某事”。
7We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are __________our environment with dangerous chemicals.
A.protectingB.savingC.pollutingD.fighting
参考答案：C
参考解析：
考查动词辨析。句意为：“我们将很快耗尽自然资源，同时也正用有害化学物质污染我们的环境。”pollute“污染”符合句意。protect“保护”;save“拯救”;fight“战斗”。
8It is a__________fide from his home to the shopping center.
A.ninety-milesB.ninety-mile'sC.ninety milesD.ninety-mile
参考答案：D
参考解析：
复数概念作定语且用连字符连接数词与可数名词时相当于形容词，可数名词用单数形式。
9A freely falling body has an acceleration of 32 feet a second during each second__________ it falls.
A.thatB.whyC.whichD.as
参考答案：A
参考解析：
当先行词被all，every，each等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that。
10I don't believe him. He __________ be serious.
A.needn'tB.can'tC.may notD.mustn't
参考答案：B
参考解析：
表示对现在发生的事情的否定推测，即“一定不会……”用can’t或couldn’t。
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(下列各题只有一个符合题意的选项，选出符合题意的选项并将其代号填涂在答题卡上的相应处.每小题4分，共40分.)
湖南卫视2月25日新闻报导：2月24日19时48分16秒，桃江县境内发生里氏3.2级地震，震中位于桃江县境内(北纬28.56度，东经112.04度)，震源深度7公里.据地震专家介绍，里氏3.2级地震属有感地震，人们能够感觉到，一般情况下不会对地面建筑物造成破坏.据此回答1～2题.
1.家住长沙市的小明想知道桃江县在哪，需查阅( )
A.中国气候分布图 B.世界政区图
C.湖南省政区图 D.长沙市交通图
【考点】电子地图和影像地图.
【分析】地图是学习地理必不可少的工具.人们从地图上可以直接获得大量有用的地理信息.我们要掌握使用地图的方法，在日常生活中养成经常读图、用图和收集地图的好习惯.
【解答】解：在庞大的地图家族中，有自然地图和社会经济地图.自然地图包括地形图、气候图、水文图、植被图等，社会经济地图包括工业图、农业图、商业图、交通图、人口分布图等.日常生活中，我们应根据实际需要选择合适的地图.所以家住长沙市的小明想知道桃江县在哪，需查阅湖南省政区图.
故选：C.
2.据桃江县县志记载：有史以来，桃江县境内没有发生过里氏5级以上的地震.其原因可能是由于桃江县( )
A.位于环太平洋地带 B.位于板块的内部
C.位于板块的交界处 D.位于地中海﹣喜马拉雅地带
【考点】主要地震带的分布.
【分析】各大板块处于不停的运动中.一般来说，板块内部地壳比较稳定;板块与板块的交界地带，地壳比较活跃.世界上的火山地震，也集中分布在板块交界的地带.世界上两大火山地震带是环太平洋火山地震带和地中海﹣喜马拉雅山地震带.
【解答】解：板块运动学说认为，由岩石组成的地球表面并不是一块整体，而是由板块拼合而成的.全球大致划分为亚欧板块、太平洋板块、非洲板块、美洲板块、印度洋板块和南极洲板块六大板块，各大板块处于不停的运动中.一般来说，板块内部地壳比较稳定;板块与板块的交界地带，地壳比较活跃.世界上的火山地震，也集中分布在板块交界的地带.世界上两大火山地震带是环太平洋火山地震带和地中海﹣喜马拉雅山地震带，桃江县位于位于环太平洋地带.
故选：A.
3.如图为某地各月降水柱状和气温曲线图，该地的气候特征是( )
A.全年温和湿润
B.夏季炎热干燥，冬季温和多雨
C.全年高温，降水稀少
D.夏季高温多雨，冬季温和少雨
【考点】气温的变化及其变化曲线图;降水量柱状图及其应用.
【分析】观察气候资料图时，可以先看横坐标轴，它表示月份，再看右侧纵坐标轴表示气温，最后根据气温曲线上的点估出各月气温值.降水柱状图的判读和气温曲线图的判读一样，只不过降水是估算各月长方形柱状的数值.
【解答】解：读图可知，图示显示的气候特点为夏季高温干燥，冬季温和多雨，为地中海气候;故选项B符合题意.
故选：B.
4.下列组织最不能体现“南南合作”的是( )
A.东盟(东南亚国家联盟的简称)
B.上海合作组织(中国、俄罗斯、以及中亚四国)
C.欧盟(欧洲主要国家联盟的简称)
D.金砖国家(俄罗斯、中国、巴西、印度和南非之间的合作)
【考点】发展中国家与发达国家的地区分布特点.
【分析】发达国家主要分布在北半球，发展中国家主要分布在南半球和北半球的南部，针对发展中国家与发达国家分布的南北差异，国际上把这种差别说成是南北差距.发展中国家与发达国家之间的商谈称为南北对话，发展中国家之间的互助合作称为南南合作.
【解答】解：东南亚国家都属于发展中国家，因此东盟之间的合作属于南南合作，故A不符合题意;
中国、俄罗斯、以及中亚四国都属于发展中国家，因此上海合作组织成员国之间的合作属于南南合作，故B不符合题意;
欧盟成员国大多为发达国家，因此欧盟国家之间的合作不属于南南合作，故C符合题意;
金砖国家(俄罗斯、中国、巴西、印度和南非)都属于发展中国家，因此金砖国家之间的合作属于南南合作，故D不符合题意.
故选：C.
5.有关日本和澳大利亚的说法，正确的是( )
A.都是岛国，且多火山地震 B.都位于东半球、北半球
C.都属热带国家 D.都濒临世界最大的海洋
【考点】世界上的国家和地区概况.
【分析】(1)日本位于亚洲东部，太平洋西北部，领土由北海道、本州、四国和九州四个大岛及其附近的3 900多个岛屿组成，首都东京.日本的居民主要是大和族，通用日语.海岸线长约3万千米，沿岸多岛屿、半岛、海湾和天然良港.
(2)澳大利亚是大洋洲面积最大的国家，也是世界上唯一独占一块大陆的国家.它位于太平洋和印度洋之间，由澳大利亚大陆和塔斯马尼亚岛等岛屿组成.面积774.1万平方千米，居世界第6位.
【解答】解：A、澳大利亚是大洋洲面积最大的国家，也是世界上唯一独占一块大陆的国家.故A不符合题意;
B、澳大利亚位于南半球.故B不符合题意;
C、日本日本主要属温带季风气候和亚热带季风气候.四季分明，降水较多，冬季较为温暖，夏季较为凉爽，气候的海洋性特征明显.故C不符合题意;
D、日本位于亚洲东部，太平洋西北部.澳大利亚位于太平洋和印度洋之间，由澳大利亚大陆和塔斯马尼亚岛等岛屿组成.所以两国都濒临世界最大的海洋﹣﹣太平洋.故D符合题意.
故选：D.
6.有关亚洲的叙述，正确的是( )
A.跨东西距离最长，跨经度最广的大洲
B.气候类型复杂多样，季风气候分布最广
C.地势中部高四周低，河流呈向心状流向
D.北、东、南三面环绕着北冰洋、太平洋和印度洋
【考点】亚洲的地理位置.
【分析】亚洲面积约4400万千米2，是世界第一大洲.从半球位置来看，亚洲主要位于东半球和北半球.从纬度位置来看，亚洲北部深入北极圈内，南部延伸到赤道以南.从海陆位置来看，亚洲东、北、南三面分别濒临太平洋、北冰洋和印度洋，西与欧洲相连，西南与非洲为邻，东北隔白令海峡与北美洲相望.
【解答】解：亚洲是跨东西距离最长，跨纬度最广的大洲，跨经度最广的大洲是南极洲，故A错误;
亚洲气候类型复杂多样，大陆性气候分布最广，故B错误;
亚洲地势中部高、四周低，河流呈辐射状流向四周，故C错误;
亚洲北、东、南三面分别濒临北冰洋、太平洋和印度洋，故D正确;依据题意.
故选：D.
7.如图中①②③④代表的地形类型分别是( )
A.平原、山地、平原、高原 B.平原、平原、高原、山地
C.山地、高原、平原、平原 D.高原、平原、平原、山地
【考点】五种基本地形类型及其比较.
【分析】俄罗斯幅员辽阔，面积1709.8万千米2，是世界上面积最大的国家，也是唯一地跨亚、欧两大洲和东、西两半球的国家.
【解答】解：俄罗斯地势东高西低，地形以平原和高原为主，其中平原约占全国总面积的70%.主要山脉有乌拉尔山、大高加索山等，西伯利亚东部和南部多山地.乌拉尔山脉以西①为东欧平原，向东依次为②西西伯利亚平原、③中西伯利亚高原和④东西伯利亚山地等;故选项B符合题意.
故选：B.
8.有关撒哈拉以南非洲的叙述，不正确的是( )
A.以黑色人种为主，有“黑种人的故乡”之称
B.地形以高原为主
C.金刚石、黄金的储量和产量均居世界首位
D.许多国家的经济发展缓慢，以出口工业制成品为主
【考点】撒哈拉以南非洲的自然地理特征.
【分析】非洲位于东半球的西部，地跨赤道南北.它东濒印度洋，西临大西洋，北隔地中海及直布罗陀海峡与欧洲相望，东北与亚洲之间隔着狭长的红海，并以苏伊士运河为陆上分界.非洲是世界古人类和古文明的发祥地之一，拥有悠久的历史和灿烂的文化.
【解答】解：长期的殖民统治，使非洲成为世界上经济发展水平最低的一洲.非洲国家在政治上取得独立以后，民族经济取得不同程度的发展，但大多数国家的工业基础仍很薄弱，片面发展一种或几种面向出口的农矿初级产品，进口工业制成口，成为发达国家的原料供应地和工业品市场，在经济发展中利于不利的地位.非洲实现经济独立并加速社会经济发展的任务仍十分艰巨.
故选：D.
9.有关两极地区的说法，正确的是( )
A.南极中心是海洋，北极中心是陆地
B.南极地区降水多，北极地区降水少
C.南极的“主人”是企鹅，北极的“主人”是北极熊
D.南极地区矿产资源丰富，北极地区矿产资源贫乏
【考点】极地地区的自然环境和自然资源.
【分析】北极地区指北极圈以北的区域，包括北冰洋、亚欧大陆和北美大陆的北部及一些岛屿.北极圈以内的陆地面积约800万平方千米，北冰洋面积约1310万平方千米.南极地区包括南极大陆及其沿海岛屿和陆缘冰，还包括南太平洋、南印度洋、南大西洋的一部分.南极大陆孤独地位于地球的最南端，南极大陆95%以上的面积为厚度极高的冰雪所覆盖，素有“白色大陆”之称.
【解答】解：南极中心是陆地，北极中心是海洋，故A错误;
南极地区是世界上降水最少的地区，故B错误;
南极的“主人”是企鹅，北极的“主人”是北极熊，故C正确;
南极地区和北极地区都有丰富的矿产资源，故D错误.
故选：C.
10.贝贝在欧洲西部旅游时拍摄了许多旅游景点图片(如图所示)，他在网上发送给玲玲时，有张图片标注错了，请你帮忙找出来( )
A.
法国白金汉宫 B.
荷兰风车
C.
意大利古斗兽场 D.
挪威峡湾风光
【考点】世界上的国家和地区概况.
【分析】欧洲西部的自然和人文旅游资源异常丰富.挪威陡峻幽深的峡湾、瑞士冰雪皑皑的山峰、西班牙阳光灿烂的海滩、法国景色如画的田园，风光旖旎;千年古都罗马、音乐之都维也纳、艺术之都巴黎，精湛典雅;古老的城堡、庄严的教堂、为数众多的博物馆，风格各异;西班牙的斗牛场、意大利的狂欢日、慕尼黑的啤酒节，气氛热烈.
【解答】解：英国的白金汉宫、荷兰的风车、意大利的古斗兽场、挪威的峡湾风光都是欧洲西部著名的旅游景点.
故选：A.
11.10月，中国共产党十八届五中全会决定：完善人口发展战略，全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策.国家实施这一政策是为了积极应对( )
A.我国人口老龄化的问题
B.我国人口性别比例失调的问题
C.我国人口过少的问题
D.我国人口增长过快的问题
【考点】人口政策.
【分析】中华人民共和国成立后，由于人民生活水平的提高和医疗卫生条件的改善，人口死亡率大幅度下降，中国人口快速增长.根据全国第六次人口普查结果，中国总人口为13.7亿，约占世界人口总数的1/5，是世界上人口最多的国家.
【解答】解：月，中国共产党十八届五中全会决定：完善人口发展战略，全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策.我国坚持计划生育的基本国策，以应对预计2025年后出现的人口老龄化、劳动力渐不足及社会负担加重等问题，启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策，逐步调整完善现行的生育政策，促进人口长期均衡发展.
故选：A.
12.当自然灾害来临时，采取适当的方法，可以有效避灾，下列避灾方法错误的是( )
A.当地震发生时，应及时、有序撤到安全的空旷地带
B.当地震发生时，如果不能及时撤离，可以暂时躲在小开间的墙角
C.当发生泥石流时，应马上向泥石流流动的方向跑到空旷的平地
D.当发生泥石流时，应向垂直于泥石流流动方向的山坡上跑
【考点】各类地形对经济和生活的主要影响.
【分析】“自然灾害”是人类依赖的自然界中所发生的异常现象，且对人类社会造成了的危害的现象和事件.它们之中既有地震、火山爆发、泥石流、海啸、台风、龙卷风、洪水等突发性灾害;也有地面沉降、土地沙漠化、干旱、海岸线变化等在较长时间中才能逐渐显现的渐变性灾害.
【解答】解：在楼上的教室上课时发生地震，不要惊慌，要就近躲在课桌下面，并用书包护住头部，千万不要恐惧，更不能从窗户跳下.如身处一楼或者平房，要赶快跑到开阔的地方，远离建筑物.地震中不应乘车逃命，远离交通工具.发生地震时应远离建筑物、危险品，就近采取防护措施，更不能躲进防空洞.而当遇到泥石流或者山洪时，应该向垂直于泥石流流动方向的山坡上跑，这样逃生的机会更大;故选项C符合题意.
故选：C.
13.《中华人民共和国水法》中明确提出建设节水型社会，要求在生产和生活中节约用水，防治水污染.下列做法不符合这一要求的是( )
A.种植耐旱、耗水量少的农作物
B.工业污水处理，达标排放
C.生活用水一水多用
D.大量使用洗涤剂和清洁剂
【考点】我国水资源的分布特点.
【分析】节约保护水资源可从节约用水和防治水污染两个方面考虑.随着人口的增长、城市化的推进、工农业的发展，我国水资源的供需矛盾仍然十分严重.我国有半数以上的城市缺水，而水资源污染会使这一问题更加突出.南方湿润地区的一些城市，由于水资源污染也成为缺水城市.因此，节约用水，科学用水，保护水资源，防治水污染，是解决缺水问题的有效途径.
【解答】解：建设节水型社会，要求在生产和生活中节约用水，防治水污染，如种植耐旱、耗水量少的农作物;工业污水处理，达标排放;生活用水一水多用等;少用洗涤剂和清洁剂.
故选：D.
14.中国国家主席习近平提出的“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”成为当前的热点话题.读“一带一路”图，中国通过“一带一路”与其他国家和地区进行大批商品贸易，最适宜的运输方式是( )
A.航空和铁路 B.铁路和水运 C.水运和管道 D.公路和航空
【考点】各种主要运输方式的特点.
【分析】货运要根据货物的性质、数量、运输距离、价格、时效等情况，选择运输方式.一般来说，贵重或急需的货物而数量又不大的，多由航空运送;容易死亡、变质的活物或鲜货，短程可由公路运送，远程而又数量大的可用铁路上的专用车.
【解答】解：货运要根据货物的性质、数量、运输距离、价格、时效等情况，选择运输方式.一般来说，货物数量大的大宗笨重的货物远程，多铁路和水运运送.因此，中国通过“一带一路”与其他国家和地区进行大批商品贸易，最适宜的运输方式，铁路和水运.
故选：B.
15.关于我国气候的叙述，正确的是( )
A.气候复杂多样 B.冬季南北温差小
C.降水的空间分布均匀 D.热带气候分布广
【考点】气候复杂多样和主要气候类型.
【分析】我国是世界上气候类型最多的国家之一.我国东半部有大范围的季风气候，自南而北有热带季风气候、亚热带季风气候、温带季风气候.西北地区大多为温带大陆性气候.青藏高原区是独特的高原气候.西部高山地区则表现出明显的垂直气候特征.
【解答】解：A、我国地域辽阔，地跨众多的温度带和干湿地区，加上我国地形复杂，地势高低悬殊，更增加了我国气候的复杂多样性.故A符合题意;
B、我国冬季南北气温差异大，南方温暖，而越往北气温就越低.夏季南北普遍高温.故B不符合题意;
C、季风的影响是导致降水时空分配不均的主要原因.受夏季风的影响，我国降水自东南沿海向西北内陆逐渐减少，且全年降水量集中在夏季，冬季降水一般不足全年的10%.故C不符合题意;
D、我国大部分地区位于北温带，少部分位于热带，没有寒带.故D不符合题意.
故选：A.
16.203月16日，第十二届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在北京人民大会堂闭幕，大会批准了政府工作报告等.这体现了北京的城市职能是( )
A.全国政治中心 B.国际交往中心 C.全国旅游中心 D.全国文化中心
【考点】首都北京的地理概况.
【分析】北京市位于太行山、燕山和华北平原的结合部，是中华人民共和国的首都，全国的政治、经济、文化、交通、科研、教育中心，也是世界上著名的历史文化名城和国际化大都市.
【解答】解：对于未来的发展北京做出了长远规划，北京市未来的建设发展目标定位于：国家首都(政治中心)、世界城市(国际交往中心)、文化名城(文化中心)，并首次提出“宜居城市”概念.年3月16日，第十二届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在北京人民大会堂闭幕，大会批准了政府工作报告等.这是北京政治中心职能的体现.
故选：A.
17.黄土高原是世界上水土流失最严重的地区之一，造成黄土高原水土流失的人为原因是( )
①黄土土质疏松，许多物质易溶于水
②过垦过牧导致生态环境恶化
③夏季降水集中且多暴雨
④修路、采矿等活动破坏地表.
A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.①②③④
【考点】黄土高原水土流失的治理.
【分析】黄土高原，介于太行山、祁连山、长城和秦岭之间，面积约50万平方千米.这里是世界上黄土分布面积最广的区域.长期的水土流失，形成了高原“沟壑纵横”的地表形态.
【解答】解：黄土高原每年流失大量土壤.引起水土流失的原因，既有自然原因，也有人为原因.自然原因﹣﹣地势较高，起伏较大;降水集中，多暴雨;植被覆盖较差;黄土结构疏松，多裂隙，易溶于水：人为原因﹣﹣人类不合理利用土地资源，导致植被破坏.如过度开垦、过度放牧、过度樵采、不合理开矿等.
故选：C.
18.港澳地区与祖国内地的经济合作中，港澳具有的优势条件是( )
A.丰富的自然资源 B.众多的劳动力资源
C.先进的管理经验 D.广大的消费市场
【考点】香港的地理位置及地域组成;澳门的地理位置及地域组成.
【分析】长期以来，港澳与祖国内地一直保持着密切的经济联系，其中以香港表现得最为明显.祖国内地自然资源、劳动力资源丰富且低廉，而香港则拥有丰富的资金、技术、人才和管理经验.香港和祖国内地的经济合作，优势互补、互惠互利.
【解答】解：港澳地区的经济发展与祖国内地联系密切.港澳地区经济发达，技术先进，管理科学;而内地有丰富的自然资源和劳动力资源，可与内地产业结构形成互补，促进彼此经济发展.所以，港澳地区与祖国内地的经济合作中，港澳地区的优势是人才技术、管理经验丰富.依据题意.
故选：C.
读台湾海峡海底通道三方案示意图，台湾海峡海底隧道工程线路有北线、中线、南线3个方案.据此完成19～20题.
19.图中台湾海峡三条海底隧道所处的海域属于( )
A.渤海 B.黄海 C.东海 D.南海
【考点】中国的主要半岛、岛屿和海峡的分布.
【分析】我国是世界上重要的海洋大国，大陆海岸线长达1.8万多千米，从北到南，濒临的海洋依次是渤海、黄海、东海和南海，它们都是太平洋的边缘部分，台湾岛东海岸直接面临太平洋，渤海和琼州海峡是我国的内海.
【解答】解：读图分析可知，图中三条海底隧道位于台湾海峡，台湾海峡位于台湾省与福建省之间，该海峡属于东海.依据题意.
故选：C.
20.台湾的城市大多位于西部，其主要原因是( )
A.西部降水最丰富，有利于发展农业
B.西部地形平坦，更有利于发展经济
C.西部和大陆近，更利于与祖国大陆往来
D.西部风景优美，更利于发展旅游业
【考点】台湾省的地理位置和地域组成.
【分析】台湾省位于我国东南海域，主体是台湾岛，此外，还有周围的澎湖列岛、钓鱼岛等200多个岛屿，其中台湾岛是我国最大的岛屿;台湾西隔台湾海峡与福建省相望，临东海和南海，而且台湾岛东海岸直接面向太平洋;台湾岛多山，高山和丘陵面积占全部面积的三分之二以上，台湾省西部地区以平原为主.
【解答】解：台湾岛多山，高山和丘陵面积占全部面积的三分之二以上，台湾省西部地区以平原为主，人口、城市主要位于西部.依据题意.
故选：B.
(把答案填在答题卡上的相应处，每小题2分，共10分.)
21.在卫星云图上，白色表示 云雨区 .天气符号 表示的天气状况是 晴转多云 .
【考点】常用天气符号与天气图.
【分析】在天气预报图上，我们可以看到一些符号，这些符号是用来表示天气状况的，它们都有特定的含义.在卫星云图上有白色、绿色和蓝色三种基本颜色，它们分别表示不同含义：白色表示云雨区，白色程度越浓，表示云层越厚;绿色代表陆地，有绿色的地区，说明该地区天气晴朗;蓝色代表的是海洋.
【解答】解：在卫星云图上，白色、绿色和蓝色分别表示不同含义，白色表示云雨区，白色程度越浓，表示云层越厚，雨可能越大; 表示晴转多云.
故答案为：云雨区;晴转多云.
22.在15平方千米的小岛上，底住有400人，年共死亡5人，新生婴儿并存活25个.那么2015年该岛的人口自然增长率为 5 %.到2015年底该岛的人口密度为 28 人/平方千米.
【考点】世界人口的增长和人口问题.
【分析】(1)人口的自然增长主要是由出生率和死亡率决定的，出生率是指一年内一定地区的出生人口与总人口之比;死亡率是指一年内一定地区的死亡人口与总人口之比;自然增长率是指一年内一定地区的自然增长人口(出生人数减死亡人数)与总人口之比.
(2)人口密度反映人口地理分布的疏密程度，用人/平方千米来表示.
【解答】解：人口自然增长率=出生率﹣死亡率= ×100%﹣ ×100%=5%.人口密度= =420÷15=28人/平方千米.
故答案为：5;28.
23.印度粮食生产很不稳定的原因是 西南 季风很不稳定，水旱灾害频繁.目前，印度的 电脑软件 产业发展迅速，成为了本国的支柱产业.
【考点】南亚热带季风气候的特征.
【分析】印度大部分处于北纬10°～30°的低纬度地区，北回归线横贯中部，北有高山阻挡亚洲中部的冷空气侵入，南有印度洋暖湿气流的影响，大部分地区属热带季风气候.
【解答】解：印度热带季风气候对农业有非常重要的影响.每年西南季风带来的丰沛雨水，是印度农业生产的主要水源.但由于西南季风到来的时间和强弱程度不一，因而降水的年际变率大，容易发生旱涝灾害，给农业生产造成不同程度的损害，所以印度粮食生产很不稳定.印度独立后，在原来利用煤、铁资源发展重工业的基础上，电子、汽车制造、原子能、航空航天等新兴工业逐渐崛起.近年来，印度的电脑软件产业发展迅速，成为了本国的支柱产业.
故答案为：西南;电脑软件.
24.我国的内海包括渤海和 琼州海峡 .我国人口最多的少数民族是 壮 族.
【考点】我国的邻国和濒临的海洋.
【分析】我国是世界上重要的海洋大国，大陆海岸线长达1.8万多千米，从北到南，濒临的海洋依次是渤海、黄海、东海和南海，台湾岛东海岸直接面临太平洋，渤海和琼州海峡是我国的内海.我国有56个民族，其中人数最多的是汉族，约占全国总人口的92%，其余55个民族为少数民族，少数民族中人数最多的是壮族.
【解答】解：我国是世界上重要的海洋大国，从北到南，濒临的海洋依次是渤海、黄海、东海和南海，渤海和琼州海峡是我国的内海.在我国56个民族中，人数最多的是汉族;少数民族中人数最多的是壮族，主要分布在广西壮族自治区.依据题意.
故答案为：琼州海峡;壮.
25.我国西气东输一线工程西起x疆的 塔里木 盆地，该盆地生产的瓜果特别甜的原因是 日照充足，昼夜温差大 .
【考点】农牧业的现状及发展.
【分析】“西气东输”工程是我国距离最长、口径最大的输气管道，西起塔里木盆地的轮南，东至上海，全线采用自动化控制，供气范围覆盖中原、华东、长江三角洲地区，这一项目的实施，为西部大开发、将西部地区的资源优势变为经济优势创造了条件，对推动和加快x疆及西部地区的经济发展具有重大的战略意义.x疆太阳辐射强烈，太阳能资源在全国名列前茅.由于日照时数多，昼夜温差大，有利于长绒棉、甜菜、小麦等农作物的生长，杏、桃、梨、葡萄、哈密瓜等水果蜚声中外.
【解答】解：“西气东输”工程是我国距离最长、口径最大的输气管道，西起塔里木盆地的轮南，东至上海.因为在x疆沙漠绿洲里，白天日照充足，热量丰富，植物光合作用效率很高;到了夜晚，骤然降温，昼夜温差大，大气和土壤中的热量迅速散失，植物进入“休眠”状态，自身呼吸作用大幅度减弱，白天借助于光合作用所形成的养分得以有效积累，从而使瓜果特别甜.
故答案为：塔里木;日照充足，昼夜温差大.
(把答案填在答题卡上的相应处，6个小题，共50分.)
26.读经纬网图(图甲)和地球公转运动的二分二至图(图乙)，回答问题.
(1)甲图A点的经度是 180° ，图中A、B、C、D四点中，位于E点西南方向的是 C 点.
(2)甲图中，当A地为一年中的7月时，D地为 7 月，A、D两地同一时期季节相反，是由于地球的 公 转运动造成的
(3)在乙图的公转轨道上，标出地球公转运动的方向.
(4)图乙①②③④四个位置中，太阳直射南纬23.5°的是 ③ (填序号)，此时，益阳市的昼夜长短情况是 昼短夜长 .
(5)当太阳直射点在图甲C点所在的纬线上，并且向北移动时，则地球处在图乙公转轨道上的 ④ 处附近(填序号).
【考点】用经纬网确定方向和任意地点的位置;昼夜长短变化和四季形成的基本原理.
【分析】由经线和纬线相互交织所构成的网络叫做经纬网，利用经纬网可以确定地球表面任何一个地点的位置.地球围绕太阳公转时，地轴与公转轨道的平面成66.5°的固定夹角，这就使得一年内太阳光线的直射点有规律地在南北回归线之间移动.当太阳光线直射赤道时是北半球的春分日(日期是3月21日前后)或秋分日(日期是9月23日前后);当太阳光线直射北回归线时是北半球的夏至日(日期是6月22日前后);当太阳光线直射南回归线时是北半球的冬至日(日期是12月22日前后).
【解答】解：读图分析可知：
(1)依据经纬度的判读，甲图A点的经纬度是180°;在经纬网地图上，用经纬网定方向，纬线指示东西方向，经线指示南北方向.可判定，图中A、B、C、D四点中，位于E点西南方向的是C点.
(2)甲图中，当A地为一年中的7月时，D地为7月，由于地球的公转运动造成A、D两地同一时期季节相反.
(3)地球公转运动的方向是自西向东.
(4)图乙①、②、③、④四个位置中，太阳直射南纬23.5°的③，此时为北半球的冬季，益阳市的昼夜长短情况是昼短夜长.
(5)从图中可以看出，当太阳直射点在图甲C点所在的纬线上(赤道)，并且向北移动时，地球处在图乙公转轨道上的④处(春分日)附近.
故答案为：(1)180°;C;(2)7;公;(3)如图： (4)③;昼短夜长;(5)④.
27.阅读下列图文资料，回答问题.
材料一：相约奥运，狂欢里约.第31届夏季奥林匹克运动会，将于8月5日～21日在巴西的里约热内卢举行.
材料二：第26～31届奥运会举办地分布图(图中字母代表主办城市)
(1)图中A、B、C、D、E、F六个奥运会举办城市中，位于印度洋板块的是 B (填字母)，A城市所在大洲与D城市所在大洲的分界线是 白令海峡 .
(2)从国家经济总量来看，最大的发展中国家是 D 城市所在的国家(填字母).
(3)C城市所在的大洲主要以 白 种人为主，E城市所在的国家主要信仰 基督 教.
(4)在今年巴西里约热内卢奥运会开幕式上，你将会看到最具本国特色的舞蹈是 桑巴舞 ，除了使用本国语言外，一定还会使用 英 语.
(5)巴西北部的亚马孙平原，人口分布稀少的原因是 气候湿热 .
【考点】世界上的国家和地区概况.
【分析】地球是人类唯一的家园.目前，全世界人口已超过70亿，分别居住在220多个国家和地区.
【解答】解：(1)B悉尼位于澳大利亚，属于印度洋板块.A城市所在大洲北美洲与D城市所在大洲亚洲的分界线是白令海峡.
(2)从国家经济总量来看，中国是最大的发展中国家，首都D北京.
(3)C城市雅典是希腊的首都，E城市伦敦是英国的首都，两地位于欧洲西部，当地以白色人种为主，主要信仰
____(4)从16世纪时起，起源于非洲西海岸的桑巴舞随黑人奴隶传到巴西，它吸收了葡萄牙人和印第安人舞蹈和音乐艺术的风格，演变成巴西的桑巴舞.这种舞蹈紧张、欢快、热烈恬泼，舞蹈者的每一块肌肉都在抖动，因而不同于一般的轻歌曼舞.受殖民主义的影响，巴西以葡萄牙语为主，但英国作为世界性语言，奥运会期间一定还会使用.
(5)亚马孙平原气候终年高温多雨，为植物生长提供了得天独厚的条件，形成了世界上最大的热带雨林区.这里森林茂密，动植物种类繁多，有“世界动植物王国”之称.林中幽暗潮湿，人烟稀少，通行困难.
故答案为：(1)B;白令海峡;(2)D;(3)白;基督;(4)桑巴舞;英;(5)气候湿热.
28.读世界两大区域图，回答问题.
(1)图甲所示地区最丰富的能源资源是 石油 ，主要分布在 波斯 湾及其沿岸地区.
(2)从气候来讲，A半岛上少有河流的原因是 大部分属于热带沙漠气候，降水少，气候干旱 .
(3)图乙中B半岛的地形特点是 山河相间，纵列分布 ，绝大部分属于 热带季风 气候(填气候类型).
(4)图乙所示地区是世界上重要的热带经济作物生产基地，其中泰国是世界最大的 天然橡胶 生产国.
(5)分别简述甲乙两图所示地区地理位置的重要性：
甲地区 地处三洲五海之地，沟通印度洋和大西洋的枢纽地位，是东西方交通要道 ;
乙地区 处在亚洲与大洋洲、印度洋与太平洋的“十字路口”，是世界海洋运输和航空运输的重要枢纽 .
【考点】西亚的主要海洋、海湾、海峡和湖泊;西亚的自然地理特征及农业生产.
【分析】西亚地处“五海三洲”之地，其五海是指地中海、黑海、里海、阿拉伯海、红海，其中里海是世界上最大的湖泊，是亚、非、欧三大洲的汇合点和交通枢纽，由此向东可通往印度洋和南亚、东南亚各国，向西进入地中海，向西南可达非洲各国.东南亚位于亚洲的东南部，包括中南半岛和马来群岛的大部分.东南亚处在亚洲与大洋洲、印度洋与太平洋的“十字路口”，是世界海洋运输和航空运输的重要枢纽.
【解答】解：(1)读图可知，图甲所示地区为中东地区，该区最丰富的能源资源是石油，主要分布在波斯湾及其沿岸地区.
(2)读图可知，A半岛为阿拉伯半岛，从气候来讲，阿拉伯半岛上少有河流的原因是大部分属于热带沙漠气候，降水少，气候干旱.
(3)图乙中B半岛为中南半岛，该半岛的地形特点是山河相间，纵列分布，绝大部分属于热带季风气候.
(4)图乙所示地区是世界上重要的热带经济作物生产基地，其中泰国是世界最大的天然橡胶生产国.
(5)中东地区地处三洲五海之地，沟通印度洋和大西洋的枢纽地位，是东西方交通要道;东南亚处在亚洲与大洋洲、印度洋与太平洋的“十字路口”，是世界海洋运输和航空运输的重要枢纽.
故答案为：
(1)石油;波斯;(2)大部分属于热带沙漠气候，降水少，气候干旱;(3)山河相间，纵列分布;热带季风;(4)天然橡胶;(5)地处三洲五海之地，沟通印度洋和大西洋的枢纽地位，是东西方交通要道;处在亚洲与大洋洲、印度洋与太平洋的“十字路口”，是世界海洋运输和航空运输的重要枢纽.
29.读下列图文资料，回答问题.
材料一：长江发展论坛暨长江流域园区与产业合作对接会于10月11日上午在上海国际展览中心举行.本次对接会主题为“共建长江经济带，共享发展新机遇”.
材料二：长江流域图
(1)写出图中字母代表的地理事物名称：
长江支流A 汉江 ，水利枢纽B 三峡 ，城市C 重庆 ，工业基地D 沪宁杭 ，运河E 京杭运河 .
(2)经过长江干流中、下游分界点附近的南北向铁路干线是 京九线 .
(3)根据材料和所学知识，简析长江流域发展经济的有利条件：(至少写出两点) 农业和工业基础雄厚 ， 水陆交通便利 .
【考点】长江干流长度和主要支流、流经的省区;重要的铁路干线、高铁.
【分析】长江发源于青藏高原上的唐古拉山脉，干流先后流经青海、x藏等11个省级行政区，最终注入东海，干流全长6300多千米，流域总面积180余万平方千米，年平均入海水量约9600余亿立方米.
【解答】解：读图分析可知：
(1)依据位置，图中字母代表的地理事物名称为：支流A为汉江，是长江最大的支流;水利枢纽B为三峡，是世界最大的水利枢纽工程;城市C为重庆，是中国最年轻的直辖市;工业基地D为沪宁杭，是中国最大的综合性工业基地;运河E为京杭运河.
(2)从图中可以看出，经过长江干流中、下游分界点湖口附近的南北向铁路干线是京九线.
(3)长江流域发展经济的有利条件是农业和工业基础雄厚，多条铁路穿越长江，水陆交通便利等.
故答案为：(1)汉江;三峡;重庆;沪宁杭;京杭运河;(2)京九线;(3)农业和工业基础雄厚;水陆交通便利.
30.读图(图中A、B、C、D表示我国四大地理区域)，回答问题.
(1)我国东西走向的山脉主要有北、中、南三列，其中间一列是 昆仑山 和秦岭.
(2)A地区中甲所在地是 华北平原，从干湿状况来分，属于 半湿润 地区，按土地利用类型来分，属于农业用地中的 旱地 .
(3)B地区主要的糖料作物是 甘蔗 ，C地区的农业生产部门主要以 畜牧业 为主.
(4)D地区的自然特征是 高寒 ，如果你家人去这里旅游，在生活上你有哪些好的建议或提醒： 需要带防晒霜、吸氧用具等 .
【考点】我国主要山脉的走向和分布;主要粮食作物和经济作物的分布.
【分析】读图可得，A是北方地区，B是南方地区，C是西北地区，D是青藏地区，甲是华北平原.
【解答】解：(1)我国东西走向的山脉主要有三列：最北一列是天山﹣阴山，中间一列是昆仑山﹣秦岭，最南一列是南岭;
(2)甲所在地是华北平原，从干湿状况来分，属于半湿润地区，按土地利用类型来分，属于农业用地中的旱地.
(3)南方地区主要的糖料作物是甘蔗，西北地区的农业生产部门主要以畜牧业为主.
(4)青藏地区地势高，气候寒冷，最显著的自然环境特征是高寒.同时海拔高，云层薄，太阳辐射强，空气稀薄，遮阳伞、羊毛衫、防晒霜、吸氧用具等是必备品.
故答案为：(1)昆仑山;(2)华北;半湿润;旱地;(3)甘蔗;畜牧业;(4)高寒;需要带防晒霜、吸氧用具等.
31.读下列图文资料，回答问题.
材料一：益阳市地势西南高、东北低.西南部山高坡陡、中部丘岗起伏、东北部平坦开阔.整个地势自西南向东北递降，依次形成山地、丘岗、平原三级阶梯.
材料二：“十三五”时期，益阳市将全面进入大益阳城市圈建设，我市计划规划形成“一核两心三片区”的空间发展格局，即以益阳市城区为核心，沅江市城区、桃江县城为副中心，大力推进东接东进的东部两型发展片区、北联北通的北部发展片区和西连西拓的西部发展片区建设.
材料三：湖南省和益阳市地图.
(1)据图可知，益阳市位于湖南省的 北 部，与甲省相邻，该邻省的简称是 鄂 .
(2)益阳市的中部地形以 丘陵 为主.南县、沅江市所在地形区是 洞庭湖平原的一部分.
(3)流经益阳市的主要河流是 资水 ，其流向为 自西南流向东北 .
(4)益阳市六个县(市、区)中，面积最大的是 安化县 ，其盛产的 黑茶 (芦笋、南洲大曲、黑茶、竹织品)闻名中外.
(5)据材料二可知，大益阳城市圈除益阳中心城区外，还包括附近的县级城市 沅江市 和 桃江县 .
【考点】湖南省.
【分析】益阳，别名“银城”、“丽都”，“羽毛球之乡”，为湖南省地级市，位于长江中下游平原南岸的洞庭湖南岸，地处湖南省北部，是环洞庭湖生态经济圈核心城市之一，也是长株潭3+5城市群之一.
【解答】解：读图分析可知：
(1)从图中可以看出，益阳市位于湖南省的北部，与甲湖北省相邻，湖北省的简称是鄂.
(2)益阳市地势西南高、东北低.西南部山高坡陡、中部丘岗起伏、东北部平坦.南县、沅江市所在地形区是洞庭湖平原的一部分.
(3)从图中可以看出，流经益阳市的主要河流是资水，其流向为自西南流向东北.
(4)从图中可以看出，益阳市六个县(市、区)中，面积最大的是安化县，其盛产的黑茶闻名中外.
(5)据材料二可知，大益阳城市圈除益阳中心城区外，还包括附近的沅江市城区、桃江县城.
故答案为：(1)北;鄂;(2)丘陵;洞庭湖;(3)资水;自西南流向东北;(4)安化县;黑茶;(5)沅江市;桃江县.
中考模拟真题试卷及答案
一、积累和运用（共6小题，计17分）
1. 下列各组词语中，加点字的读音全部正确的一组是（ ）（2分）
A.俯瞰(kàn) 混沌（hùn） 胚胎（ pēi） 影影绰绰（chuò）
B.唱和（hè） 遒劲（jìn） 灯盏（zhǎn ） 苦心孤诣（zhǐ）
C恣情（zī） 苋菜（xiàn） 屏气（bǐng ） 不卑不亢（háng）
D.追溯（shuō） 薄暮（bó） 浸润（qīn） 自力更生（gēng）
2. 下列各组词语中，汉字书写全部正确的一组是（ ）（2分）
A. 合拢 能奈 如火如荼 重峦叠障
B. 嘹亮 温训 司空见贯 郑重其是
C. 隽永 号淘 开天辟地 昂首挺立
D. 调剂 辐射 一泻千里 融会贯通
3. 请从所给的三个词语中，选出一个最符合语境的填写在横线上。（2分）
（1）校训根植于传统文化，是学校精神的凝练表达。校训中传递的价值观念， （结合 契合 融合）着中华民族优秀传统文化和时代精神。
（2）陕西作为古丝绸之路起点和丝绸之路经济带新起点，在“一带一路”建设中的文化优势明显，文化先行 （不言而喻 无懈可击 责无旁贷），必须抢抓机遇、积极作为。
4.经典诗文默写〔在第（1）～（7）题中，任选五；在第（8）-（10）题中任选一题〕6分）
（1）树木丛生， 。（曹操《观沧海》
（2）兴，百姓苦； 。（张养浩《山坡羊 潼关怀古》）
（3）其真无马耶？ 。（韩愈《马说》）
（4） ，浑欲不胜簪。（杜甫《春望》）
（5） ，衡阳雁去无留意。（范仲淹《渔家傲》）
（6） ，行道之人弗受。（《鱼我所欲也》）
（7）客路青山外， 。（王湾《次北固山下》）
( 8) 望长城内外， 。（毛泽东《沁园春 雪》）
（9） ，是跳舞，是音乐，是诗！（郭沫若《雷电颂》）
（10） ，我的泪很快地流下来了。（朱自清《背影》）
5.阅读语段，按要求完成下面的题目。（3分）
①接受帮助是成长的便捷之路。②玉不琢，不成器。③ 是金子， 要经过开采、筛洗、熔炼、提纯，才能闪闪发光。④少年儿童的成长过程，就好像 、的过程。⑤想成长得好，就要接受老师、家长、同伴的帮助。⑥哪些帮助你的人就想好的玉石工匠，用他们的智慧呵护你的成长之路。
(1) 请提取第①句的主干，并写在下面的横线上。（1分）
(2) 请给第③句补上一组恰当的关联词语，并写在下面的横线上。（1分）
（3）请将下面的语句分别填写在第④句的横线上。（只填序号）（1分）
A陋石变美玉 B金子发出光芒
6.阅读下面的文字，完成后面的题目。（2分）
“嘿，你在说什么，格里高里伊凡诺维奇？让我跳舞？不是开玩笑吧？”外婆笑了起来，往众人身后躲着，大家都附和着。突然，她站了起来，收拾一下衣裙，挺直身子，高高地仰起脑袋，像年轻的姑娘一样迈着轻盈的步子走了过去，笑着说：
“让大家开开心，来吧！雅科夫，换支曲子！”
上段的文字选自《 》（作品名称）。从文段可以看出外婆的性格特点是：。
二、综合性学习（7分）
7.请你参加以“文明着装 传承美德“为主题的综合性学习活动。（7分）
〔活动一：知“服之美” 〕请将下面的句子正确、规范、工整地抄写在田字格里。（1分）
礼仪之大，谓之夏；章服之美，谓之华。
〔活动二：明“服之仪” 〕仔细阅读下面的表格，回答下面的问题。（2分）
对中学生着装取向的认可度的调查统计表
调查结果 调查对象
调查内容 学生 老师
对“整洁”取向的认可度 39％ 96％
对“朴素”取向的认可度 13％ 85％
对“个性”取向的认可度 94％ 16％
对“品牌”取向的认可度 82％ 37％
在对“中学生着装取向的认可度”方面，学生与老师有什么不同？请简要概括。
〔活动三：话“服之礼” 〕下面是学校领导在“关于学生着装问题座谈会”上的讲话。作为参会代表，请你将讲话要点转述给你们班同学。要求：①转述前须有开场白；②完整准确；③要点突出。（2分）
讲话内容
最近，有些学生穿着有涂鸦的衣服或“乞丐服”来上学，这种做法是不妥的。作为一名中学生，着装应符合《中学生日程行为规范》的要求。首先，要讲求文明礼仪。服装是无声的语言。一个人的着装体现着他的态度、修养、品格和气质。其次，要展示良好的校风校貌。个人着装是校园文化的名片，是学校形象的展现，是学校精神的载体。最后，要注意身份和场合。学校是你们学习文化知识，丰富和成就自我的地方。着装文明得体更有助于你们健康快乐的成长。
〔活动四：传“服之道”〕请在下面横线上，写一个含有“整洁”一词的句子，完成下面的宣传语。要求：根据已有句子特点及句末用韵特点补写。（2分）
自尊自爱重仪表， 。
朴素自然是本色，端庄大方树风标。
女子淑雅有修养，男儿飒爽展英豪。
青春飞扬添活力，品格精神最重要。
二、阅读（共15小题，计46分）
〔现代文阅读〕（共9小题，计30分）
（一） 阅读下面的文字，完成8～11题。（12分）
游戏的功用
①人生真正的活动是从游戏开始的。有学者认为，个体的成长过程其实就是在重复人类的演化过程。游戏是生物遗传的结果，是一种复演祖先进化的过程。
②游戏是孩子的`天性。孩子在玩的过程中，能体验到愉悦。这种愉悦情绪，能激发和调动他们大脑神经的高度活动能力。心理学家认为，游戏是孩子对于未来生活的预演，是学习未来生活技能的必要途径，使他们今后生活、工作的必修课。游戏有助于提高他们的探索力、观察力和创造力。
③美国密歇根大学的研究人员将491名小孩分成几个组，对他们进行了一种名为“托伦斯测试”的创造性和想象力检测。这种测试的基本原理是借助一些列根据图形进行的拓展绘画来判断创造力程度高低。孩子们被要求以某个特定图形为基础进行自由创作，然后给自己的作品命名并描述出故事背景。测试结果显示，有游戏经验的孩子的思维更发散也更灵活，比不玩游戏的孩子能发挥出更高的创造力。
④部分孩子因为玩游戏影响了学习。一些教育专家认为，其根本原因并不在于游戏本身，而是这些孩子的现实生活出了问题。来自国外的一些研究表明，适量地玩计算机游戏对孩子并没有什么不好的影响；反之，对培养孩子各方面的能力能力还有一定的积极作用。来自美国的另一项研究表明，喜欢玩计算机游戏的孩子更“聪明、有活力和易于成功”。
⑤年轻人往往喜欢一些高难度游戏，以获得新异的刺激和求真的乐趣。在玩精彩的游戏时，也即在克服障碍时，年轻人主动让自己朝着情感的积极一端前进。他们紧张的投入其中，而这恰恰是产生各类积极情绪和体验的正确心态和身体状况，这是因为人在能力极限下进行工作时所达到的投入状态，是没有什么能够比得上的，这种态度就是游戏设计师和心理学家所谓的“心流”。一旦进入了心流状态，人们就想长久地停留在那里，不管是放弃还是获胜，两种结果都是无法让你心满意足。如果游戏的目标真正具有吸引力、反馈又足以激励人心，年轻人会在相当长的时间满怀热情不断挑战游戏设置的重重障碍。在游戏中，他们积极乐观地做着一件自己擅长并享受的事情，这给他们带来自我满足和自我肯定。
⑥当今，本应是年轻人喜爱的一些游戏也成为银发老人的“宠儿”。他们不仅可以为老人晚年的生活增添乐趣，还可以训练他们的反应能力和思考能力。同时游戏还有减轻老人精神压力的功用，可以使老人有一个健康的心态。通过调查，研究人员发现“边玩电子游戏边活动身体的参试者的大脑功能变得活跃，同等运动量下，他们的收获也更多。定期通过游戏机来进行体育锻炼，可能有助于预防老年痴呆症”。
（根据有关材料改写）
8.游戏具有哪些功用？请分条概括。（3分）
9.仔细阅读第⑤段，为“心流”下一个定义。（2分）
10.下列句子中加点的词语体现了说明文语言的准确性。请分别简要分析。（4分）
定期通过游戏机来进行体育锻炼，可能有助于预防老年痴呆症”
11.下列对原文有关内容的概括与分析，正确的一项是（ ）（3分）
A.孩子之所以喜欢游戏，是因为游戏是孩子对于未来生活的预演，是学习未来生活技能的必要途径。
B.借助一些列根据图形进行的拓展来判断创造力程度高低，是“托伦斯测试”的基本原理。
C.要想让孩子聪明、有活力，就应鼓励孩子多玩游戏，因为游戏对培养孩子各方面的能力有积极作用。
D.年轻人喜欢玩一些高难度游戏，并在克服重重障碍中，获得刺激和乐趣，这就是在重复人类的演化过程。
（二）阅读下面的文字，完成12～16题（18分）
父亲二十年前的叮嘱
徐德新
①天刚蒙蒙亮，父亲就挑着柴火和我上路了。那时我刚到县城里上初中，父亲的负担因此更重了。隆冬将近，父亲经常抽空上山砍柴，然后卖到县城，由此给我凑生活费以及学杂费。每个周末。我都会回家帮助父亲砍柴，然后周一凌晨再走二十里的山路到学校去。这一次，因为我额外需要五元钱的竞赛费，所以父亲晚上又摸黑砍了一担柴，等到第二天早晨到县城卖掉后再把钱给我。
②“最近钱是越来越紧张了。”父亲挑着担，边走边嘀咕。自从到县城上学，这句话听了已经不下百遍了。一阵阵轻微的冷风袭来，天渐渐亮了，山脊的轮廓越来越清晰。有柔软的东西从空中飘下来，落在父亲的身上，疏忽就不见了。忽然又有两片落到我的鼻尖上，用手一摸也没了，鼻尖只留下一点冰凉的酸。抬头远望，雪花正从天而降，有些大一点的树叶上已经挂白了。除了扁担的颤悠和我们轻重不一的脚步，山路静谧而空蒙。
③不知不觉间，县城到了。
④街上大部分的人家 还没有开门。父亲挑着担，带着我挨家挨户找买主。由于担心耽误我上学，又怕柴火打湿了没人要，父亲走得很快，我能听到他的喘气声越来越大。最后终于在一条弄堂里遇到了买柴人。父亲卸下柴火，从那人手里接过一沓毛票，仔细地数了数，一共四元。父亲说：“同志，我这担柴要五块钱哩。”“什么？昨天不还是四块吗？”那人瞟了一眼父亲。“昨天是昨天，您没看我这担柴，比别人的要后重得多吗？”父亲小心翼翼地说。“那我不管，都是四块钱，我又没让你搞这么厚重。”那人没有丝毫加钱的意思。“今天下雪了，您看我多不容易，就加一块吧！”父亲几乎是哀求的口吻了。
⑤我从门缝看见那人在裤兜里掏来掏去，终于摸出一张皱巴巴的五元纸钞，然后把沓毛票从我父亲手里抓过去，又把那张纸钞从门缝 往外一扔，丢下一句话：“拿去吧！”
⑥风裹挟着雪吹过来，纸钞落到门槛前父亲的脚下。父亲怔怔地站着，不知是因为冷还是累，他的鼻息变得忽粗忽细。等我走过去刚要把地上的钱捡起来，父亲忽然把我拉到一边，然后低下头，弯下腰，缓缓地把那张纸抄拾了起来，揣在怀里。父亲弯腰去捡钱的时候，我发现他的身体几乎弯成了一个零度角，头几乎触到了地上。父亲站起身来，对那人说：“多谢了！”然后转身拉着我默默离开。
⑦“爹，你冷不冷？”等走远了，我问父亲。因为要挑担，父亲出门的时候穿的有点少。“你可得给我好好读书，”父亲顿了顿说，“没有别的出路，只有读书才能进城。”
⑧雪下得越来越大，整个县城变成了一片银白色。父亲没有急着回家，他要一直把我送到学校去。“爹，本来我不想花那么多钱去参加那个什么竞赛的。可是老师说了，要是获得好名次，将来能保送上北京的大学。”眼看快到学校了，我终于忍不住说出了心里话。我有点想哭了，眼睛湿湿的。“竞赛好啊，爹和娘支持你。要是能保送上大学，那正要感谢老祖宗了。”父亲摸着我的头说，“我当年也想上大学呢！看来这个愿望你能帮我实现了。”
⑨到了学校门口，父亲从怀里把那五元钱掏出来，塞到我的书包里，好像生怕它会飘走似的，使劲地把书包捏了又捏。“孩子。爹还有一句话，：父亲望着我，精神与以往大不一样，“等你将来有钱了，假使也遇到了像我这样的人，你最好不要让他……”
⑩“什么，爹？”
⑾“在你面前低头弯腰。”……
（选文有改动）
12.文中多次写到“风雪”，请说说设置这样的自然环境有何作用。（3分）
13.结合上下文，说说第②段画线句子中“冰凉的酸”的深意。（2分）
忽然又有两片落到我的鼻尖上，用手一摸也没了，鼻尖只留下一点冰凉的酸。
14.体会下面句子中加点词语的表达效果。（4分）
我从门缝看见那人在裤兜里掏来掏去，终于摸出一张皱巴巴的五元纸钞，然后把沓毛票从我父亲手里抓过去，又把那张纸钞从门缝往外一扔，丢下一句话：“拿去吧！”
15.父亲是一个怎样的人？请结合全文简要分析。（6分）
16.请用自己的话，说说父亲的最后一次“叮嘱”的含意。（3分）
〔古诗文阅读〕（共6小题，计16分）
（三）阅读下面的文字，完成17～20题（12分）
知之难乎哉！夫人之所以谓知者，非知其姓与名也，亦非知其声容之与笑貌也；读其书，知其言，知其所以为言而已矣。读其书者，天下比比矣；知其言者，千不得百焉；知其所以为言者，百不得一焉。然而天下皆曰：“我能读其书，知其所以为言矣。”此知之难也。人知《离骚》为辞赋之祖矣，司马迁读之，而知悲其志，是贤人之知贤人也。夫不具司马迁之志，而欲知屈原之志，则几乎罔矣。
（选文有改动）
〔注〕本文节选自章学诫的《知难》。知难，即知音难，是说古代贤人在后世少有知音。
17.解释下列句子中加点词的含义。（4分）
（ 1）非知其姓与名也 （ ）
（2）千不得百焉 （ ）
（3）夫不具司马迁之志 （ ）
（4）则几乎罔矣 （ ）
18.下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法全都相同的一组是（ ）（2分）
A. 知之难乎哉 醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也
B. 读其书者，天下比比矣 其如土石何？
C. 人知《离骚》为辞赋之祖 矣 中峨冠而多髯者为东坡
D. 而欲知屈原之志 温故而知新
19.请将文中画横线的句子翻译成现代文。（4分）。
读其书，知其言，知其所 以为言而已矣
20.问什么，司马迁能真正“知其所以为言”成为屈原的知音？（2分）
（四）阅读下面的诗歌，完成21～22题。（4分）
小儿垂钓
〔唐〕胡令能
蓬头稚子学垂纶①，侧坐莓苔②草映身。
路人借问遥招手，怕得鱼惊不应人。
〔注〕①纶，钓丝，“垂纶”即垂钓。②莓苔：泛指贴着地面生长在阴湿地方的低等植物。这里是写小儿选取了一个僻静、利于垂钓的地方。
21.结合全诗，说说第二句写小二“侧坐莓苔”有何作用。（2分）
22.诗中“遥招手”这是谁？为何“遥招手”？ （2分）
三、作文（50分）
23.按要求作文。（50分）
题目：我的老师
要求：①文体自 选；②不少于600字；③不要套作，不得抄袭；④不得透露真实的地名、校名、人名等相关信息。
【特别提示】
①文中如需涉及所在区（县）名，一律用“秦岭区（县）”代替；
②文中如需涉及学校名称，一律用“陕西三秦中学”代替；
③文中如需老师姓名，一律用“姓+老师”代替，如“王老师”。
初中毕业学业考试语文试卷答案
一、1.A 2.D 3.（1）契合；（2）责无旁贷
4.（1）百草丰茂；（2） 亡，百姓苦；（3）其真不知马也；（4）白头搔更短；
（5）塞下秋来风景异；（6）呼尔而与之；（7）行舟绿水前；（8）惟余莽莽；
（9）那是自由；（10）这时我看见他的背影
5.（1）接受帮助是便捷之路。或接受帮助是路。（2）即使（或即便、就算、哪怕）
（3）A.陋石变美玉 B.金子发出光芒
6.童年 乐观开朗
二、7.活动一：略 ；
活动二：〔示例〕学生对“个性”“品牌”两项着装取向的认可度高，老师则较低；老师对“整洁”“朴素”两项着装取向的认可度高，学生则较低。
活动三：〔示例〕同学们，我代表我们（咱们）班参加了学校的座谈会，校领导就同学们（大家）在学校着装问题提出了以下几点要求：一要讲求文明礼仪，二要展示良好的校风校貌，三要注意身份和场合。
活动四：〔示例一〕着装整洁堪称道 〔示例二〕整洁美观显风貌
三、（一）8.（1）游戏有助于提高孩子的探索力、观察力和创造力。（2）游戏可以给年轻人带来自我满足和自我肯定。（3）游戏可以增添老年人的生活乐趣，还具有训练他们的反应能力、思考能力和减轻他们精神压力的功用。（每点一分，共3分。）
9. “心流”是人在能力极限下进行工作时所达到的投入状态。
10.（1）“定期”表示限定，说明老年人通过游戏来进行体育锻炼是有一定周期的。
（2）“可能” 表示不确定，说明玩游戏有助于预防老年痴呆症只是一种推测。
11.B
（二）12.（1）对故事情节的展开起到了一定的推动作用。（2）为父子二人的活动提供了特定背景。（3）多所塑造的父亲这个人物形象间接地起到了烘托作用。（4）营造出清冷、凝重的氛围，增强了文章的感染力。
13.透过雪花落在鼻尖上融化后的感觉，含蓄地写出了“我”看到父亲如此减薪后的酸楚和感愧。
14.运用“掏”“摸”“抓”“扔”这几个动词，准确传神地写出了买柴任给父亲钱时的不耐烦及对父亲的不满、冷漠和鄙薄，生动地刻画了一个小气、无礼的小市民形象。
15.（1）父亲是一个吃苦耐劳的人。他靠砍柴、卖柴给孩子赚生活费和学杂费，不辞辛苦。（2）父亲是一个坚忍的人。他为给孩子挣竞赛费，恳求买柴人；面对鄙薄，仍弯腰捡起扔在地上的钱，能委曲求全。（3）父亲是一个教子有方的人。他懂得保护孩子的自尊，鼓励孩子好好读书，教育孩子尊重他人，重言传身教。
16.父亲告诉孩子，以后有能力了，要尊重像他那样勤劳、坚忍，渴望被尊重的人。
（三）17.（1）知道 （2）一千（人） （3）具有，具备 （4）迷惑无 所得 18.C
19.读他的书，(能)理解他的言论（或：学说），而且能懂得他有这样言论（或：学说）的愿因罢了。
20.司马迁“知悲其志”。或：司马迁具有与屈原同样的心志。
（四）21.写出了小儿很会选取钓鱼的地点，同时也为后面写“怕得鱼惊不应人”做铺垫。
22.第一问：垂钓儿童 或：小儿 第二问：他怕答话声把鱼惊走。
四、作文略
英语六级考试真题试卷
art I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) Stop worrying about him.
B) Keep away from the statue.
C) Take a picture of him.
D) Pat on a smile for the photo.
2. A) Gaining great fame on the Internet.
B) Publishing a collection of his photos.
C) Collecting the best photos in the world.
D) Becoming a professional photographer.
3. A) Surfing various websites and collecting photos.
B) Editing his pictures and posting them online.
C) Following similar accounts to compare notes.
D) Studying the pictures in popular social media.
4. A) They are far from satisfactory.
B) They are mostly taken by her mom.
C) They make an impressive album.
D) They record her fond memories.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) A journal reporting the latest progress in physics.
B) An introductory course of modem physics.
C) An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.
D) A series of interviews with outstanding physicists.
6. A) The future of the physical world.
B) The origin of the universe.
C) Sources of radiation.
D) Particle theory.
7. A) How matter collides with anti-matter.
B) Whether the universe will turn barren.
C) Why there exists anti-matter.
D) Why there is a universe at all
8. A) Matter and anti-matter are opposites of each other.
B) Anti-matter allowed humans to come into existence.
C) The universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.
D) Anti-matter exists in very high-temperature environments.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) She found herself speaking a foreign language.
B) She woke up speaking with a different accent.
C) She found some symptoms of her illness gone.
D) She woke up finding herself in another country.
10. A) It is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury.
B) It has not yet found any effective treatment.
C) It leaves the patient with a distorted memory.
D) It often happens to people with speech defects.
11. A) British.
B) Irish.
C) Russian.
D) Australian.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) Water sports.
B) Racing in rivers.
C) Stories about women swimmers.
D) Books about swimming.
13. A) She succeeded in swimming across the English Channel.
B) She published a guide to London's best swimming spots.
C) She told her story of adventures to some young swimmers.
D) She wrote a book about the history of swimwear in the UK.
14. A) They loved vacationing on the seashore.
B) They had a unique notion of modesty.
C) They were prohibited from swimming.
D) They were fully dressed when swimming.
15. A) She designed lots of appropriate swimwear for women.
B) She once successfully competed against men in swimming.
C) She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.
D) She was an advocate of women's right to swim in public pools.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) Build a machine that can detect lies.
B) Develop a magnetic brain scanner.
C) Test the credibility of court evidence.
D) Win people's complete trust in them.
17. A) They are optimistic about its potential.
B) They are sceptical of its reliability.
C) They think it is but business promotion.
D) They celebrate it with great enthusiasm.
18. A) It is not to be trusted at all.
B) It does not sound economical.
C) It may intrude into people's privacy.
D) It may lead to overuse in court trials.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) Most of its residents speak several languages.
B) Some of its indigenous languages are dying out.
C) Each village there speaks a totally different language.
D) Its languages have interested researchers the world over.
20. A) They are spread randomly across the world.
B) Some are more difficult to learn than others.
C) More are found in tropical regions than in the mild zones.
D) They enrich and impact each other in more ways than one. ?
21. A) They used different methods to collect and analyze data.
B) They identified distinct patterns of language distribution.
C) Their conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses.
D) There is no conclusive account for the cause of language diversity.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22. A) Its middle-class is disappearing.
B) Its wealth is rationally distributed.
C) Its population is rapidly growing.
D) Its cherished dream is coming true.
23. A) Success was but a dream without conscientious effort.
B) They could realize their dreams through hard work.
C) A few dollars could go a long way.
D) Wealth was shared by all citizens.
24. A) Better working conditions.
B) Better-paying jobs.
C) High social status.
D) Full employment.
25. A) Reduce the administrative costs.
B) Adopt effective business models.
C) Hire part-time employees only.
D) Make use of the latest technology.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator；it also hurts students who're already struggling to __26__ the material. A new study from Michigan State University, though, argues that all students—including high achievers—see a decline in performance when they browse the Internet during class for non-academic purposes.
To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researchers __27__ 500 students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State University. Researchers used ACT scores as a measure of intellectual __28__ Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at __29__ out distractions, researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a __30__ decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worse on their exams regardless of their ACT scores, suggesting that even the academically smartest students are harmed when they're distracted in class.
College professors are increasingly __31__ alarm bells about the effects smartphones, laptops, and tablets have on academic performance. One study of college students found that 80% of students use their phones or laptops during class, with the average student checking their digital device 11 times in a __32__ class. A quarter of students report that their use of digital devices during class causes their grades to __33__.
Professors sometimes implement policies designed to __34__ students' use of digital devices, and world where people are increasingly some instructors even confiscate (没收）tablets and phones. In dependent on their phones, though, such strategies often fail. One international study found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Until students are able to __35__ the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing the web, they may continue to straggle in their classes.
A) aptitude B) eradication C) evaluated D) evaporated E) filtering F) grasp G) legacy H) minimize I) obscure J) obsess K) raising L) resist M) significant N) suffer O) typical
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges after 300 Years
A) Maria Sibylla Merian, like many European women of the 17th century, stayed busy managing a household and rearing children. But on top of that, Merian, a German-born woman who lived in the Netherlands, also managed a successful career as an artist, botanist, naturalist and entomologist (昆虫学家).
B) “She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time talking about,” said Kay Etheridge, a biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania who has been studying the scientific history of Merian's work. “She didn't do as much to change biology as Charles Darwin, but she was significant. ”
C) At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian discovered facts about plants and insects that were not previously known. Her observations helped dismiss the popular belief that insects spontaneously emerged from mud. The knowledge she collected over decades didn't just satisfy those curious about nature, but also provided valuable insights into medicine and science. She was the first to bring together insects and their habitats, including food they ate, into a single ecological composition.
D) After years of pleasing a fascinated audience across Europe with books of detailed descriptions and life-size paintings of familiar insects, in 1699 she sailed with her daughter nearly 5, 000 miles from the Netherlands to South America to study insects in the jungles of what is now known as Suriname. She was 52 years old. The result was her masterpiece, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium.
E) In her work, she revealed a side of nature so exotic, dramatic and valuable to Europeans of the time that she received much acclaim. But a century later, her findings came under scientific criticism. Shoddy（粗糙的）reproductions of her work along with setbacks to women's roles in 18th- and 19th- century Europe resulted in her efforts being largely forgotten. “It was kind of stunning when she sort of dropped off into oblivion（遗忘）,” said Dr. Etheridge. “Victorians started putting women in a box, and they're still trying to crawl out of it.”
F) Today, the pioneering woman of the sciences has re-emerged. In recent years, feminists，historians and artists have all praised Merian's tenacity（坚韧）, talent and inspirational artistic compositions. And now biologists like Dr. Etheridge are digging into the scientific texts that accompanied her art. Three hundred years after her death, Merian will be celebrated at an international symposium in Amsterdam this June.
G) And last month, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium was republished. It contains 60 plates (插图）and original descriptions, along with stories about Merian's life and updated scientific descriptions. Before writing Metamorphosis, Merian spent decades documenting European plants and insects that she published in a series of books. She began in her 20s, making textless, decorative paintings of flowers with insects. “Then she got really serious,” Dr. Etheridge said. Merian started raising insects at home, mostly butterflies and caterpillars. “She would sit up all night until they came out of the pupa (桶）so she could draw them,” she said.
H) The results of her decades' worth of careful observations were detailed paintings and descriptions of European insects, followed by unconventional visuals and stories of insects and animals from a land that most at the time could only imagine. It's possible Merian used a magnifying glass to capture the detail of the split tongues of sphinx moths (斯芬克斯飞蛾）depicted in the painting. She wrote that the two tongues combine to form one tube for drinking nectar (花蜜）. Some criticized this detail later, saying there was just one tongue, but Merian wasn't wrong. She may have observed the adult moth just as it emerged from its pupa. For a brief moment during that stage of its life cycle, the tongue consists of two tiny half-tubes before merging into one.
I) It may not have been ladylike to depict a giant spider devouring a hummingbird, but when Merian did it at the turn of the 18th century, surprisingly, nobody objected. Dr. Etheridge called it revolutionary. The image, which also contained novel descriptions of ants, fascinated a European audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before them than the gender of the person who painted it.
J) “All of these things shook up their nice, neat little view,” Dr. Etheridge said. But later, people of the Victorian era thought differently. Her work had been reproduced, sometimes incorrectly. A few observations were deemed impossible. “She'd been called a silly woman for saying that a spider could eat a bird,” Dr. Etheridge said. But Henry Walter Bates, a friend of Charles Darwin, observed it and put it in book in 1863, proving Merian was correct.
K) In the same plate, Merian depicted and described leaf-cutter ants for the first time. “In America there are large ants which can eat whole trees bare as a broom handle in a single night, she wrote in the description. Merian noted how the ants took the leaves below ground to their young. And she wouldn't have known this at the time, but the ants use the leaves to farm fungi (菌类）underground to feed their developing babies.
L) Merian was correct about the giant bird-eating spiders, ants building bridges with their bodies and other details. But in the same drawing, she incorrectly lumped together army and leaf-cutter ants. And instead of showing just the typical pair of eggs in a hummingbird nest, she painted four. She made other mistakes in Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium as well: not every caterpillar and butterfly matched.
M) Perhaps one explanation for her mistakes is that she cut short her Suriname trip after getting sick, and completed the book at home in Amsterdam. And errors are common among some of history's most- celebrated scientific minds, too. ”These errors no more invalidate Ms. Merian's work than do well- known misconceptions published by Charles Darwin or Isaac Newton, “ Dr. Etheridge wrote in a paper that argued that too many have wrongly focused on the mistakes of her work.
N) Merian's paintings inspired artists and ecologists. In an 1801 drawing from his book, General Zoology Amphibia, George Shaw, an English botanist and zoologist, credited Merian for describing a frog in the account of her South American expedition, and named the young tree frog after her in his portrayal of it. It wouldn't be fair to give Merian all the credit. She received assistance naming plants, making sketches and referencing the work of others. Her daughters helped her color her drawings.
O) Merian also made note of the help she received from the natives of Suriname, as well as slaves or servants that assisted her. In some instances she wrote moving passages that included her helpers in descriptions. As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower, ”The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves. The black slaves from Guinea and Angola have demanded to be well treated, threatening to refuse to have children. In fact, they sometimes take their own lives because they are treated so badly, and because they believe they will be born again, free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves. “
P) Londa Schiebinger, a professor of the history of science at Stanford University, called this passage rather astonishing. It's particularly striking centuries later when these issues are still prominent in public discussions about social justice and women's rights. ”She was ahead of her time,“ Dr. Etheridge said.
36. Merian was the first scientist to study a type of American ant.
37. The European audience was more interested in Merian's drawings than her gender.
38. Merian's masterpiece came under attack a century after its publication.
39. Merian's mistakes in her drawings may be attributed to her shortened stay in South America.
40. Merian often sat up the whole night through to observe and draw insects.
41. Merian acknowledged the help she got from natives of South America.
42. Merian contributed greatly to people's better understanding of medicine and science.
43. Merian occasionally made mistakes in her drawings of insects and birds.
44. Now, Merian's role as a female forerunner in sciences has been re-established.
45. Merian made a long voyage to South America to study jungle insects over three centuries ago.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of complexity, many of us who aren't mathematicians at heart (or engineers by trade) may struggle to remember the last time we used calculus (微积分）.
It's a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating how math can better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taught in schools, or eliminate some courses entirely?
Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advanced algebra and other higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness, like statistics.
”We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics, and the Chinese are running rings around us,“ Hacker says. ”I'm suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to too many people. . . not everybody has to know calculus. If you're going to become an aeronautical (航空的）engineer, fine. But most of us aren't.“
Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queens College： Numeracy 101. There, his students of ”citizen statistics“ learn to analyze public information like the federal budget and corporate reports. Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price of, say, a carpet by area.
Hacker's argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what's needed is to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching them less math altogether.
Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to 5-year-olds. For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and what it could use in American classrooms is an injection of childlike wonder.
”Make mathematics more available,“ Droujkova says. ”Redesign it so it's more accessible to more kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had bad experiences. “
Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, has a similar perspective. Harris says that American education is suffering from an epidemic of ”fake math“一an emphasis on rote memorization (死记硬背）of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of how math can influence the ways we see the world.
Andrew Hacker, for the record, remains skeptical.
”I'm going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways to make their subject interesting and exciting so students want to take it,“ Hacker says. ”All that I ask is that alternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus. “
46. What does the author say about ordinary Americans?
A) They struggle to solve math problems.
B) They think math is a complex subject.
C) They find high-level math of little use.
D) They work hard to learn high-level math.
47. What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker?
A) America is not doing as well as China.
B) Math professors are not doing a good job.
C) It doesn't help students develop their literacy.
D) There has hardly been any innovation for years.
48. What does Andrew Hacker's Numeracy 101 aim to do?
A) Allow students to learn high-level math step by step.
B) Enable students to make practical use of basic math.
C) Lay a solid foundation for advanced math studies.
D) Help students to develop their analytical abilities.
49. What does Maria Droujkova suggest math teachers do in class?
A) Make complex concepts easy to understand.
B) Start teaching children math at an early age.
C) Help children work wonders with calculus.
D) Try to arouse students' curiosity in math.
50. What does Pamela Harris think should be the goal of math education?
A) To enable learners to understand the world better.
B) To help learners to tell fake math from real math.
C) To broaden Americans' perspectives on math.
D) To exert influence on world development.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.
So what's the solution? Robots.
Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ' face' would be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A study found that users had a ”consistently positive attitude“ about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.
A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ‘Robear', can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.
On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month- long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and ”only three or four said they didn't like having it around.“
It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.
51. What does the author say about Japan?
A) It delivers the best medications for the elderly.
B) It takes the lead in providing robotic care.
C) It provides retraining for registered nurses.
D) It sets the trend in future robotics technology.
52. What do we learn about the robot Terapio?
A) It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.
B) It provides specific individualized care to patients.
C) It does not have much direct contact with patients.
D) It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.
53. What are telepresence robots designed to do?
A) Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.
B) Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.
C) Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.
D) Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.
54. What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?
A) It interacts with patients just like a human companion.
B) It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.
C) It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.
D) It uses body language even more effectively than words.
55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A) Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.
B) The robotics industry will soon take off.
C) Robots will not make nurses redundant.
D) Collaboration will not replace competition.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自助服务系统，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。
12月六级部分真题参考答案(完整版)
Part Ⅰ Writing
How to Balance Job Responsibilities and Personal Interests
In today's highly competitive environment, the heavy workload makes people out of breath and leaves them no time for their hobbies. Therefore, learning to balance job responsibilities and personal interests is of great significance for modern people. Here are some suggestions which can help us achieve the balance. In the first place, we should be aware that although work duties are our first priority, it doesn't mean that we cannot explore personal interests. Secondly, it's important to realize that beneficial activities off work help us get relaxed. We can transfer our focus from busy work by reading an interesting book or listening to music, thereby getting our intense nerves calm down. What's more, find enough time to develop our hobbies by finishing the task on time. We should arrange our time reasonably and complete our daily work efficiently, which will give us more freedom to allocate time to pursue personal interests.
In sum, it is absolutely do-able to strike a balance between full-time work and personal hobbies as long as we realize the benefit of cultivating interests and the importance of reasonable time arrangement.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. A
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. D
15. C
16. A
17. B
18. A
19. C
20. C
21. D
22. A
23. B
24. D
25. C
Part III Reading Comprehension
26-35: FCAEM KONHL
36-45: KIEMG OCLFD
46-55: CABAC BCDAC
Part IV Translation
China attaches increasing importance to public libraries and encourages people to make full use of them. The newly released statistics indicate that the number of public libraries in China is on an increase year by year. Many libraries have created a quieter and more comfortable environment for readers through renovation and expansion. Not only do large-scale public libraries provide a wide range of reference materials，but they also regularly hold lectures, exhibitions and other activities. In recent years, there have also been many digital libraries, saving the space needed to store books. In addition, some libraries have introduced self-service systems, which make it more convenient for readers to borrow and return books, and further meet the needs of readers.
第四部分阅读理解(30分)
阅读短文，根据短文内容从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(每小题2分，共20分)
A
Bob is six years old.He is old enough to go to school. On the first day，his teacher taughthim three words，“I，you，he”.Then the teacher said，“I am your teacher.You are mystudent.He is your student. He is your classmate.”When school was over，Bob went home. Hismother asked him，“What has your teacher taught you today?”Bob said with asmile，“Listen，Mum and Dad，I am your teacher.You are my student.He is yourclassmate.”His mother said，“No，dear.You’re wrong.”Then she said，“I am yourmother.You’re my son.He’s your father.”The next day，Bob’s teacher asked Bob to makesentences with“I，you and he”.
Bob stood up and said，“I’m your mother.You’re my son.He is your father.”All the studentsin Bob’s class laughed.
41.Who taught Bob new words in the school?
A.Bob’s teacher B.Bob’s friends
C.Bob’s father D.Bob’s mother
42、How many words did the teacher teach?
A.Two. B.One.
C.Four. D.Three.
43.Did Bob understand what his teacher taught him?
A.Yes，he did. B.No，he didn’t.
C.No，but he understood what his mother said. D.The writer doesn’t tell.
44.What do you think of the boy?
A.He is not clever. B.He is helpful.
C.He is polite. D.He is kind.
45.Who laughed in the class the next day?
A.Bob’s mother. B.Bob’s classmates.
C.Bob’s teacher. D.Bob’s father.
B
Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆).They can happen any time of a day，at any pointduring the year.But don’t worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only afew big ones hurt people. However，it’s important to know what to do when an earthquake ishappening.
Do NOT go outside.You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings.If you areoutside，stay away from buildings and power lines (输电线).
Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture.Hold on to it.Or stay in a corner of thebuilding.Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel orclothing.Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.
Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anythingelse that could fall and hurt you.Most people get injured by falling things during anearthquake，not by the shaking itself.
Also keep away from a fire.You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.
If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it’s safe.Stay inside your caruntil the earthquake stops，and don’t drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines ortrees.These could fall and hurt you.
46.Most earthquakes are too to hurt people.
A.strong B.weak
C.dangerous D.heavy
47、From the passage，when an earthquake is happening，we should .
A.stay under a big building B.stay under a strong furniture
C.stand by windows D.drive near a big bridge
48.It isn’t safe for you to while the earthquake is happening.
A.run out of the building B.stay in a corner of the building
C.cover your head with your arms D.cover your mouth with a towel
49.This passage tells us .
A.how dangerous the earthquake is.
B.how to be safe in an earthquake.
C.we shouldn’t be afraid of the earthquake.
D.how the earthquake comes into being.
50.The best title for this passage should be“ ”.
A.How Earthquakes Happen B.How to Drive a Car
C.What We Should Do in Earthquakes D.Why Earthquakes Happen
Ⅱ.阅读短文， 判断短文后各题所给句子是否与短文内容相符，相符的请在答题卡相应题号后的选项中将A涂黑，不相符的则将B涂黑。(每小题2分，共10分)
C
Robots have been designed to do many things-play music，work in hospitals，but run arestaurant? There are two robot receptionists(接待员) and six robot waitresses and waiters inthe Dalu Robot Restaurant in Jinan，Shandong.One hundred customers can eat in therestaurant at a time.Two of the robots serve drinks，while the other four serve the food. Notall the work in the restaurant is done by them.There are also people working there，especiallyin the kitchen.The cooks are humans because the robots don’t have the skills to cook.
51.Robots can play music.
52.Six robots work in the Dalu Robot Restaurant.
53.No people work in the kitchen.
54.Only a few customers can eat in the restaurant at a time.
55.The robots can’t cook delicious food.
卷 Ⅱ
第五部分任务型阅读(10分)
阅读短文，按短文后的要求答题，请把答案写在答题卡相应的位置。(每小题2分，共10分)
It was a dark and cold night.The taxi driver didn’t have even one passenger all day.When hewent by the railway station，he saw a young man coming out with two bags in his hands.Sohe quickly opened the door of the car and asked，“Where do you want to go，sir?”
“To Star Hotel，”the young man answered.When the taxi driver heard this，he didn’t feelhappy any more.He knew the young man could give him only three dollars because the hotelwas not far from the railway station.But suddenly，he had an idea.He took the passengerthrough many streets of the big city.
After a long time，the car arrived at the hotel at last.“You should pay me fifteen dollars，”thedriver said to the young man.“What? Fifteen dollars! Do you think I’m a fool? Only last week, Itook a taxi from the railway station to this same hotel and I only gave the driver thirteendollars.I know how much I have to pay for the trip.I won’t pay you one dollar more than Ipaid to the other taxi driver last week.”
任务一：回答问题
56.How did the taxi driver feel when he knew where the young man wanted to go?
57.Who cheated(欺骗) the young man，the first taxi driver or the second one?
58.How much did the young man want to pay?
59.What do you think of the two taxi drivers?
任务二：翻译
60.将文中划线部分的句子翻译成汉语。
第六部分词汇(10分)
根据句意和首字母或汉语提示写出句中所缺单词，每空一词，请把单词完整地写在答题卡相应的位置。(每小题1分，共10分)
61.Zhijin Cave is known as the most beautiful underground (宫殿) in the world.
62.Susan usually has some pieces of b and a bottle of milk for breakfast.
63.In English the first name is the g name.
64.Spring is the best time for p trees.
65.― Excuse me.Are you f now?
― Sorry，I’m very busy.
66.It’s ten (分钟) walk.
67.He (使用) a lift to go up and down every day.
68.Food must be (保存) in cool places in summer.
69.We often listen to our teacher (认真) in class.
70.With the d of computer science，more and more work will be done by computer.
第七部分 情景交际(10分)
根据对话内容，在每小题的空白处填上合适的句子，使对话意思完整、通顺。请把句子写在答题卡相应的位置。(每小题2分，共10分)
Bob： Hi! How are you doing?
Tom： 71. .
Bob： I heard you went somewhere for vacation.72. ?
Tom： well, I went to Hainan Island.
Bob： 73. ?
Tom： Yes，I went there with my parents.
Bob： 74. ?
Tom： By plane.
Bob： 75. ?
Tom： We stayed there for five days.There are many exciting things there，especially diving inthe real sea!
Bob： That sounds great! I hope I can go there some day.
第八部分 短文改错(10分)
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误，对标有题号的每一行作出判断：
如无错误，在该行右边横线上画“√”，如有错误(每行只有一个)，则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并划上斜线( \ )。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加上一个漏字符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词;在错的词下面划一条横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正的词。
请在答题卡相应的位置答题。(每小题1分，共10分)
Do you like pop music? Most people does. 76.
One of the best bands are the New Ocean Waves. 77.
In the last twelve month，they’ve had three major 78.
Concerts.They’re going to appear on CCTV the next 79.
month.And then they going to go on a world 80.
tour in which they will perform in ten different 81.
cities.Be sure not miss them if they come to a 82.
city near you.They’re real nice people.Did you 83.
Know that they give half of the money they made 84.
to a charity for homeless childs? 85.
第九部分 书面表达(30分)
A.学校定于6月28日14点30分在学校操场召开全校学生大会，大会内容为远离毒品(drug)，珍爱生命，要求按时参加。请你于6月27日以学生会(the Student Union)名义用英语写一则通知，词数不少于20个，请把答案写在答题卡相应的位置。(共10分)
B.助人为乐是中华民族类传统美德(virtue)。作为一名中学生，我们应该在学习和生活中学会帮助别人，关心他人……请你以“Helping Others”为题，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文谈谈你的想法。请把答案写在答题卡相应的位置。(共20分)
杭州市中考英语试卷
Ⅰ听力部分A.听短对话，回答问题(共5小题，计5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is Alice now?
A. At home B.At the s upermarket C.At school
2. Who has got longer hair?
A.Sam B.Tom C.Tina
3. How is the weather today?
A.Windy B.Rai ny C.Sunny
4. What would the woman like to eat?[来源:学科网]
A.The beef noodle B.the vegetable noodles C.The tomato noodles
5. When did the woman become an art teacher?
A.In B. In C. In
B.听较长对话，回答问题(共6小题，计12分)[来源:Zxxk.Com]
听下面一段对话，回答第6至8三个小题。现在，你有15秒的时间阅读这三个小题。
6.How many hours does the woman probably spend on the Internet a week?
A.About 2 or 3hours B. About 3 or 4 hours C. About 3 or 5 hours
7.What does the woman like to do ?
A.To surf the Internet B.To read e-mail C.To write letters in ink
8. What do we know about the woman?
A.She’s too busy to send any e-mail B.She gets some information on the Internet.
C. She is looking through books in the library
[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]
听下面一段对话，回答第9至11三个小题。现在，你有15秒的时间阅读这三个小题。
9. What does the woman want to buy ?
A.A brown skirt B. A V-neck T-shirt C. A T-shirt with pockets.
10.What size does the woman wear?
A.32 B.33 C.34
11.What does the woman think of the yellow T-shirt?
A.The color doesn’t match B.The size is too large. C.The price is reasonable.
C.听独白，回答问题(共4小题，计5分)
听下面一段独白。听独白前，你有20秒钟的时间阅读有关材料和4个小题。听完独白后，你有20秒钟的时间来选择有关选项。独白连读两遍。
12.Where can the listerners find grammar books?
A.At A B. At B C. At C
13.Which of the following is allowed to do in the library?
A.Drink water. B.Use the CDs C.Borrow dictionaries
14.What does the sperker suggest to the listeners at the end?
AThey can turn to hi m for help.
B.They can study English at home.
C. They can take the magazines out.
15.Who is the speaker talking to ?
A. Teaches B. Parents C. Students
Ⅱ笔试部分
D.单项选择
13.( )The phonetic transcription for the word “breakfast” is ________.
A. /'brekf:st/ B. /'breikfst/ C. /'brekfst/ D. /'breikf:st/
14.( )I think it’s really _________ hard work for me to finish the job in twenty minutes.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
15.( )Hangzhou is _________ to hundreds of foreign friends who are working and studying here.
A. home B. house C. family D. room
16.( )It’s much _________ to have a small lovely room than a big cold one.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
17.( )I think he’s been drinking, _________ I’m not completely sure.
A. if B. though C. until D. as
18.( )This morning I _________ some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.
A. picked up B. looked up C. cleaned up D. gave up
19.( )Sally took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games.
A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing
20.( )--Pauline has lost her phone. CNo. It’s in her bag. I _________ hear it.
A. must B. can C. may D. shall
21.( )She’s not strong enough _________ walking up mountains.
A. to go B. going C . go D. went
22.( )Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine.
A. who B. what C. that D. whom
23.( )There has never been such a beautiful village _________ in the world.
A. anywhere B. everywhere C. somewhere D. nowhere
24.( )I don’t understand _________ that everything’s fine when it’s not.
A. how can he say B. can he say how
C. he can say how D. how he can say
25.( )I think I should be allowed to make decisions _________ myself.
A. with B. to C. for D. against
26.( )They are able to talk openly to one another whenever _________ of them feels hurt.
A. either B. both C. some D. all
27.( )--I’ve run out of money to buy a new bike. COh, _________. You have to walk.
A. that’s right B. that’s too bad C. go ahead D. excuse me[来源:学科网ZXXK]
五、完形填空
Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, a distance of about 80 miles. It was late, I was late, and I was driving 31_________.
At one point along an open highway, I came to a crossroads with a traffic light. I was 32_________ on the road by now, but as I came near the light, it turned 33_________, and I braked to a stop. I looked left, right, and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of headlights, 34_________ there I sat, waiting for the light to 35_________, the only human being, for at least a mile in any 36_________.
I started wondering why I 37_________ to run the light. I was not afraid of being caught, because there was 38_________ no policeman anywhere around and there certainly would have been no 39_________ in going through it.
Much later that 40_________, after I’d met with a group in Lewisburg and had climbed into bed near midnight, the question of why I’d stopped for that light 41_________ me. I think I stopped 42_________ it’s part of a contract(契约) we all have with each other. It’ s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust each other to follow 43_________: we don’t go through red lights.
We do 44_________ we say we’ll do. We show up when we say we’ll show up.
I was so 45_________ of myself for stopping for that red light. And as no one would ever have known what a good person I was on the road from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, I had to tell s someone.
28.( )A. fast B. slowly C. carefully D. hard
29.( )A. late B. alone C. worried D. afraid
30.( )A. green B. yellow C. red D. dark
31.( )A. and B. or C. so D. but
32.( )A. return B. change C. start D. continue
33.( )A. attention B. background C. direction D. information
34.( )A. refused B. decided C. prepared D. forgot
35.( )A. hardly B. luckily C. usually D. clearly
36.( )A. danger B. excuse C. space D. energy
37.( )A. moment B. night C. afternoon D. morning
38.( )A. depended on B. looked forward to C. stayed away from D. came back to
39.( )A. though B. unless C. because D. until
40.( )A. me B. it C. him D. us
41.( )A. what B. how C. why D. that
42.( )A. tired B. ready C. proud D. sorry
六 、阅读理解
1.：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
A
SUMMER SKIN CARE
―RIGHT OR WRONG? In summer everybody needs to be careful with the sun. Do you know how to spend time in the sun without burning or damaging your skin? Read the ten rules below. Some of them are RIGHT and the others are WRONG.Always wear a baseball cap. It protects you from the sun and looks cool, too.
WRONGYou need to wear a hat ,but choose your hat carefully. Baseball caps protect your eyes, but they don’t protect your ears or your neck. Use a proper sun hat.Use sun cream. You need to put it on at least twenty minutes before you go out.
RIGHTSun cream starts to work twenty minutes after you put it on.Put sun cream around your eyes and on your eyelids to protect them from the sun.
WRONGSun cream hurts the eyes. Wear sunglasses instead.You only need a little sun cream. Too much sun cream is bad for your skin.
WRONGYou need to use a lot of sun cream .The sun dries out your skin. Sun cream moisturizes(滋润) and protects it.You need to use sun cream even on a cloudy day in summer
RIGHT The sun can damage your skin even on a cloudy dayOn a hot sunny day, wear light -colored clothes -white or yellow are best.
WRONGLight -colored clothes don’t protect you from the sun .The best solution is to wear dark-colored clothes.You need to spend time in the sun for healthy skin.
RIGHTYou need to spend time in the sun to get enough vitamin D for healthy skin and bones(骨头),but don’t forget to use sun cream. Without sun cream you have a bigger risk of skin cancer.You need to spend a lot of money to get a good sun cream.
WRONGThere are many different kinds of sun cream. Find the one that is best for you .Expensive ones are not always better than cheap ones. Use a sun cream labeled(标明)SPF30+ and it should give you the same protection as one that is more expensive. ① ② ③ ④ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑤In summer, people with dark skin can also get burnt.
RIGHTPeople with fair skin and blonde or red hair need to be extra careful and use a high factor sun cream .People with fair skin, but they do need to protect their skin from the sun, too.Put more sun cream on every two hours.
RIGHTYou need to put sun cream on often, especially when you’re swimming. 43.( )What are the right clothes to protect your skin from the sun ?
(1)A baseball hat and light-colored clothes.
(2)A baseball hat and dark-colored clothes.
(3)A sun hat and light-colored clothes.
(4)A sun hat and dark-colored clothes.
44.( )Where shouldn’t you put sun cream on your body?
A. On your ears and neck. B. Around your eyes and eyelids.
C. On dry skin. D. On darker skin.
45.( )What is the right way to use sun cream ?
A. Use a little and often B. Use a lot, two or three times a day.
C. Use a lot every two hours. D. Use a little every two hours.
46.( )Why is it important to spend time in the sun?
A. You can drink more water.
B. It improves dry skin.
C. It’s a chance to wear cool sunglasses.
D. It helps keep your skin and bones healthy.
47.( )According to the text which of the following is true about sun cream?
A. Sun cream is usually very expensive.
B. Black people don’t need sun cream.
C. Sun cream reduces the risk of skin cancer.
D. Sun cream starts to work immediately.
B
In the 1920s and 30s the airlines were just beginning. It was unusual for people to travel by air because it was expensive and dangerous. In those days, there were no flight attendants to look after the passengers. Young men ,or “stewards” helped the passengers onto the airplane and carried the passengers’ luggage(行李)but they did not provide food and drinks. But then in 1930,a woman called Ellen Church invented the “stewardess”.
Ellen Church was born in 1904 on a farm in Iowa. She was a different child. She didn’t want to work on a farm or marry a farmer ―she wanted a more adventurous(冒险的)life. Ellen studie d to be a nurse at the University of Minnesota and then got a job in a hospital. For the next few years she stayed at the hospital but also took flying lessons and got her pilot’s license.
Ellen was twenty-five years old when she first got in touch with Boeing Air Transport. She loved flying but she understood that airlines were a man’s world. Although women like Emelia Earheart were becoming famous, she realized it was impossible for a woman to have a career as a pilot .But she had another idea. Most people were frightened of flying because. flying was still an unr eliable(不可靠的) way to travel. There were often delays(延误),many crashes and the bad weathers made many passengers sick. Ellen thought nurses could take care of passengers during flights and B.A.T. agreed.
The young woman from Iowa and seven other nurses became the first air stewardesses.
At first pilots were unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes, but passengers loved the stewardesses. In 1940 there were around 1000 of them working for different airlines. The early “stewardesses” had to be under twenty-five-year-old, single and slim. When a woman joined an airline, she had to promise not to get married or have children. It was hard job and not well paid. They worked long hours and earned $1 an hour.
In the 1970s, stewardesses were unhappy in their job and airlines had to make some changes. Since the 1970s, “stewardesses” have been called flight attendants. They are well paid and work fewer hours than in the past.
48.( )The last sentence of the first paragraph suggests that _________.
A. the word “stewardess” was ma de up by Ellen Church
B. Ellen Church was the first woman who flew a plane
C. Ellen Church was the first woman who worked on a plane
D. Ellen Church was the first woman passenger on a plane
49.( )From the second paragraph, we learn that ________.
A. Ellen did not behave in the same way as most as other girls
B. Ellen’s family was not rich enough to support her education
C. Ellen was fond of working as a nurse in the hospital
D. Ellen has an unhappy childhood that changed her completely
50.( )The main reason for Boeing Air Transport offering Ellen the job was ________.
A. her flying experience B. her univer sity education
C. her nursing experience D. her life attitudes
51.( )According to the passage, in the 1940s a woman had to ________ if she wanted to be a stewardess.
A. be a nurse B. be married C. be a mother D. be young
52.( )The passage mainly talks about _______.
A. the background of early flying pilots B. the experience of flying passengers
C. the history of early flight attendants D. the development of airplanes
第二节 任务型阅读(阅读下面短文，从A-F六副图中找出与第56-60各题号后内容相匹配的图，其中一幅为多余选项)
Royal Mail Special Delivery
At the Post Office you can send letters and parcels(包裹) in different ways. First-class post takes one to two working days. Second-class post takes two or three working days. And Special Delivery is for important things.
When you send something by Special Delivery, 56_______ first you write the person’s address on the front of the parcel and you address on the back. 57_______ Then you take it to the Post Office. Tell the assistant that you want to use Special Delivery. 58_______ Next show her the address, 59________ and then put the parcel on the scales(称) so she can weigh it. 60________ Then give the parcel to the assistant, and say how much it is worth. She will check you have put your address on the parcel. Then she will give you a receipt for your parcel. Special Delivery gets there before lunch the next working day.
七、词语填空
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)
time horse by also enough however few ready send hold To: Christin foo@hotmail.com
Date: 23rd March
Subject: The Riding for the Disabled Association
Hi Christine,
Sorry I haven’t emailed lately ―I’ve been very busy since becoming a volunteer for the Riding for the Disabled Associat ion.
Every Saturday, I help to get the horses 61___________ for the disabled(残疾) riders. Many more disabled people want to ride 62___________ than you’d imagine. It’s a disadvantage that I don’t know how to ride ―I’d love to got on long rides with the riders― but I’ll learn soon 63___________. Right now, I’m just happy to be able to lead the horses around for the disabled riders.
I’m 64___________ helping to organize a sale, which will be 65___________ next month. It’s a lot more work than helping the disabled. I need to collect second-hand things to sell at the sale. There are 66___________ things available(获得的) than I thought, but I’m sure we’ll have enough 67___________ next month.
I hope the sale raises more money than last month’s walk. It was rainy, so too few people took part in the event. Last week, we held an auction(拍卖). The auction took much less 68___________ to organize than the walk. 69___________, for some reason, people offered too little money for the things, so we didn’t raise enough money.
I’m 70___________ you some pictures in the letter, as well as a speech I gave last week. Robin
[来源:Zxxk.Com]
八、单词拼写
(2)We are having fish for d___________ tonight.
(3)He was born in Shanghai, but he considers Hangzhou his home t___________ since he has lived here most of his life.
(4)There are t___________ days in April as well as in June and in September.
(5)The dentist says we should b___________ our teeth at least twice a day.
(6)Without any help, his father managed to repair the car all by h___________.
(7)If the sun s___________ brightly, the weather is usually warm.
(8)No. 2 Middle School is a p___________ school, not a private(私立的) one.
(9)The thief s___________ food from the supermarket and was caught by the policemen.
(10)I came to the city two years ago. I’ve worked here for n___________ two years.
(11)According to a r___________ in the newspaper, the basketball star was seriou sly injured.
九、书面表达
请以“My dream”为题写一篇英语作文，供英语课上交流。
Dream I want to Reasons be interested in
… Ways to achieves my dream work hard at school
find out how successful people did it
… 注意：1、短文必须包括三部分内容，需要陈述理由(2条)和方式(3条)
2、表中右栏信息仅供参考，也可自由发挥;
词数80个左右
一.读我国四个地区的简图，据此回答1～2题。
1.下列有关图中四地气候特征的描述，不正确的是
A.甲地冬季漫长 B.乙地气温年较差大，年降水量变率大
C.丙地降水集中于夏秋，冬春寒冷干旱 D.丁地雨季长，降水丰富
2.下列有关图中四地农业发展着眼点的叙述，正确的是
A.甲地改良沼泽地，扩大农耕用地 B.乙地开发宜农荒地，提高粮食产量
C.丙地发展立体农业利于改善环境 D.丁地因洼制洼发展基塘生产
下图表示某区域的三个发展阶段。读图，回答3～4题。
3.由甲至丙，导致城市周边地区农业地域类型发生变化的主要因素有
①自然条件 ②市场需求 ③农业技术 ④地价高低
A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④
4.下列关于该区域从甲到丙地理环境变化的说法，正确的是
A.城区下游河段流量季节变化减小 B.河网密度变大
C.城区年平均气温升高 D.环境污染减轻
精确农业是由信息技术支持的、根据空间变异定位、定时、定量地实施一整套现代化农事操作技术与管理的系统，是实现农业低消耗、高效、优质、安全的重要途径。读“精确农业系统工作示意图”，回答5～7题。
5.精确农业决策支持系统所 采用的地理信息技术是
A.GPS B.GIS C.RS D.数字地球
6.为了制作农田的产量电子图，需要获取田间作物生长情况和产量的空间分布信息，所采用的地理信息技术是
A.GPS B.GIS C.RS D.数字地球
9.该治理开发模式的优势是
①延长了生产链 ②增加了农民收入 ③保持水土 ④改善局部气候
A.①② B.③④ C.①②③ D.②③④
读我国西部各省区土地及草地退化状况比较图，回答10～11题。
10.下列叙述正确的是
A.甘肃省沙漠化占土地总面积比例
B.内蒙古水土流失的面积与宁夏一样多
C.西北各省区沙漠化的自然原因主要是干旱
D.云南、贵州两省水土流失严重的人为原因主要是过度放牧
11.保护和恢复西部的生态环境，可采取的措施有
①把生态建设放在首位 ②提高沿途城镇的天然气使用率，减少对林草的开发 ③生态重点地区实行严格退耕还林还草 ④从根本上减少对自然资源的开发以保护生态环境
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②④
生物承载力是指一个国家或地区具有提供可再生资源和吸收 二氧化碳能力的土地面积的总和。据下图并结合所学知识，回答12～13题。
12.相对于我国，巴西的生物承载力较高的主要原因是
①国土面积大 ②水热充足 ③生物资源丰富，森林面积广阔 ④土壤肥沃
A.①② B.③④
C.②③ D.①④
13.近几年的统计数据表明，巴西的生物承载力有下降的趋势，其原因是
A.气候变暖 B.降水减少 C.国土面积 减小 D.植被破坏
月6日开始，来自刚果(布)、赤道几内亚、中非共和国、加蓬和喀麦隆5国的森林部长在为期3天的会议期间讨论了如何加强刚果河流域热带雨林保护的问题。读图，回答14～15题。
14.刚果河流域雨林大面积 被毁的根本原因是
A.历史遗留的迁移农业
B.发达国家需要大量木材
C.人口快速增长和生活贫困
D.热带雨林的土壤贫瘠
15.与会国家为保护这一片原始森林采取的措施，正确的是
①加强雨林管理和保护，建立自然保护区 ②森林选择性采伐与更新造林相结合 ③加强环境教育，提高公民环保意识 ④为摆脱贫困，只砍伐名贵木材 ⑤加强法律法规建设，严禁砍伐树木
A.②③⑤ B.②③④ C.①②⑤ D.①②③
某研究机构利用水池(4m×2m×1m)、土壤、芦苇、水管等材料设计了一个人工湿地系统(如下图所示)。读图，回答16～17题。
16.该设计主要模拟的湿地功能有
①防风固沙 ②净化水质 ③涵养水源 ④塑造地貌
A.①③ B.②③ C.①④ D.②④
17.若用无植物的相同模拟系统实验，则检测到
A.出水口的排水量减少 B.出水口流速明显减慢
C.出水口的含沙量增加 D.土壤有机质含量增加
18.下列关于a—自然资源、b—能源、c—矿产资源三者之间的关系图解，正确的是
读山西省工业增加值结构图，回答19～20题。
19.改革开放初期，山西省经济的核心部门是
A.原料工业 B.加工工业 C.采掘业 D.冶金业
20.下列叙述正确的是
A.加 工工业一直呈下降趋势
B.原料工业比1995年增加了10%
C.采掘业逐渐取代加工工业占到了主体地位
D.冶金、化学、建材等部门属于加工工业
21.右图是“河北、甘肃、四川、黑龙江四省能源生产结构图”。下列与四省能源生产结构相关的叙述，正确的是
A.以可再生能源为主
B.清洁能源比重大
C.不利于减排温室气体
D.有利于降低酸雨危害
美国田纳西河流域是国际上小流域综合开发与治理的成功典范，读“美国田纳西河流域图”，回答22～23题。
22.田纳西河流域
A.地形以平原为主
B.水能资源丰富
C.气候炎热干燥
D.矿产资源贫乏
23.田纳西河流域综合开发的核心是
A.梯级开发 B.防洪发电
C.提高水质 D.环境建设“我的家在东北松花江上，那里有森林煤矿 ，还有那满山遍野的大豆高梁”。一曲《松花江上》，唱出了东北资源的丰富。根据材料和右图，联系所学知识，回答24～26题。
24.东北地区发展农业的主要制约因素是
A.水源不足 B.地表崎岖
C.热量不足 D.土壤贫瘠
25.东北是我国重要的
①林业基地 ②能源基地 ③商品粮基地 ④重工业基地
A.①②③④ B.①②④
C.③④ D.①②③
26.东北地区是我国重要的商品粮基地，最主要原因是
A.耕地面积广大，适宜大规模机械化耕作
B.宜农荒地 多
C.土壤肥沃
D.人少地多，粮食的商品率高
20世纪80年代以来，欧美服装经销商多从我国订购服装成品，但从21世纪初开始将订单转移到一些东南亚国家。目前，我国已经成为东盟地区的高档面料和纺织机械供应国。读珠江三角 洲经济区工业专业镇分布图，回答27～29题。
27.珠江三角洲经济区工业专业镇分布密集且经济发达，下列不是其发展的区位因素的是
A.平坦的地势
B.丰富的矿产资源
C.优越的地理位置
D.丰富的劳动力资源
28.读该地区主要工业品年内产值百分比图， 分析该地区间发生的变化是
A.纺织品产值降低 B.总人口减少
C.廉价劳动力流入 D.产业结构升级
29.下列关于珠江三角洲地区生态环境问题的叙述，正确的是
A.在工业化和城市化的推进过程中，重视对环境污染的治理，不存在环境污染问题
B.水污染严重，“水质性”缺水问题突出
C.工业化促进了农业现代化，农业生产集约化程度提高，耕地面积增加
D.气候温暖湿润，利于植被生长，没有水土流失现象
31.由于工程沿线可用清洁燃料取代部分生产、生活用煤，从而将有效降低城市环 境中的
A.水污染 B.大气污染
C.白色污染 D.重金属污染
读“我国正在实施的资源跨区域调配工程示意图”，回答32～33题。
32.①和③的运输方式中具有共性的是
A.管道运输 B.高压输电
C.水陆联运 D.利用地势的自然落差自行输送
33.图中②工程对我国中西部地区环境的重要意义表现为
A.有利于缓解电荒，为工业生产提供足够的能源
B.利用丰富的能源，推动耗能工业扩大生产规模
C.改变农村以煤炭为主的能源结构，提高清洁能源使用比例
D.促使地方能源结构气化，缓解因植被破坏带来的环境压力
阅读下列材料，完成34～35题。
材料一：“腾笼换鸟”。
长三角地区目前正处在两种产业转移并行的关键阶段。一是国际间的产业，主要包括航天、生物、信息、医药等产业，向长三角区域内的沿海、沿高速公路、沿江等交通优势明显、基础产业雄厚的地区转移;而在长三角内部，相对发达的上海、浙东、苏南将部分产业向苏中、苏北转移。这样的转移，既是市场调节的结果，也是政府调控的结晶;既为接收地增加了发展动力，也为转出地产业升级腾出了空间，是苏南地区与苏北地区的双赢共振。
材料二：目前苏南某市与苏北某市投资要素对比。
34.随着经济发展，原先经济发达地区开始“腾笼换 鸟”。有关被“逼走”的产业所具有的特点，下列说法正确的是
A.劳动力需求量大 B.生产规模大
C.技术含量高 D.环境污染较轻
35.“腾笼换鸟”对苏北某市产生的有利影响
①增加就业机会，促进市场繁荣 ②促进地方经济发展，带动环境质量提高 ③促进产业升级，加快工业化进程 ④土地利用多样化，耕地面积扩大
A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②④
第Ⅱ卷
36.阅读下列伏尔加河的有关材料，并根据材料回答问题。(10分)
伏尔加河是欧洲第一长河，多流经平原地区。流域内矿产资源丰富，经济发达，其水运量占俄罗斯水运量的70%。伏尔加河的大规模开发主要以修筑大型水利枢纽、进行梯级开发为重点，通过开通运河等工程措施沟通了波罗的海、白海、黑海、亚速海、里海，实现了“五海”通航。通过对流域进行综合开发治理，实现了发电、航运等综合效益。但是，伏尔加河的综合开发也存在一些问题：一是水利工程影响了鱼群洄游产卵;二是下游没有修建大型水库，水旱灾害频繁发生;三是河水污染严重。
(1)把下面的字母填入图中方框内，完成伏尔加河综合开发示意图。(4分)
A.梯级开发 B.发电 C.灌溉、供水 D.航运
(2)分析伏尔加河的综合开发为流域内工业发展所提供的有利条件。(2分)
(3)分析伏尔加河航运运量大的主要原因。(3分)
(4)伏尔加河开发过程中出现的问题，给我国江河治理提供的借鉴有 (多选)。(1分)
A.我国河流开发应注意流域生态环境的保护，如建立生态保护区等
B.通过流域内污染企业的整治，改善河湖水质
C.有汛期的河流都应当建设水坝蓄洪，才能减少流域洪涝灾害
D.只有实现流域综合开发，才更有利于河流的合理利用
37.读图1和图2，完成下列问题。(10分)
(1)判断图1中M地的地形类型，并说明判断理由。(3分)
(2)指出M所在省区成为世界水稻种植纬度地区的有利自然条件。(2分)
(3)简述M地形区生产的稻米品质上乘的主要原因。(3分)
近年来， M地形区采用了如图2所示的农业生产模式，以实现可持续发展。
(4)概括M地形区实现农业可持续发展的主要途径。(2分)
38.图甲是中国、日本、韩国三国经济要素互补性图，图乙是日本与韩国企业在我国城市投资办厂示意图，图丙是韩国、沈阳位置示意图，读图，完成下列问题。(10分)
(1)写出图甲中的国家名称。(3分)
A ，B ，C 。
(2)比较说明图乙两家工厂的原料地、加工地和产品市场的异同点。(2分)
(3)简要说明青岛、大连、上海等地吸引日本、韩国等国家企业来华办厂共同具有的区位优势条件。(3分)
(4)9月13日下午，第8届沈阳韩国周在沈阳开幕，其主题是“友谊、交流、合作、发展”。活动由经贸交流、文化交流两大板块七项重要活动组成，此活动不仅搭建了中韩经贸和文化交流的平台，而且也成为沈阳对外开放的品牌。 如图丙，中韩交流活动中，伴随着箭头①而流动的是 ( )(2分)
A.资金、技术、信息 B.劳动力、市场、土地
C.原料、能源、政策 D.原料、水源、劳动力
答案
一、选择题(70分)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
C D C C B C A B D
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
C A C D C D B C B
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
C B C B A C A D B
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
D B C B B D A C
二、综合题(30分)
36.答案：(10分)
37.答案：(10分)
(1)平原(1分), 海拔200米以下，等高线稀疏，地势低平(2分)。
(2)地处温带季风气候区，夏季高温多雨，雨热同期(2分)，
(3)该地区夏季光照充足，作物生长期长;(冬半年)气候寒冷，农作物病虫害少，很少施用农药;使用有机肥，减少了化肥的使用，因此品质上乘。(3分)
(4)(因地制宜)调整农业生产结构(或发展多种经营);实行物质综合循环利用(2分)。
38.答案：(10分)
(1)日本 韩国 中国(3分)
(2)相同点：原料地都在各自国家，加工地都在中国。
不同点：纺织厂的产品市场在日本，汽车厂的产品市场在中国。(2分)
(3)均位于中国东南沿海地区，水陆交通便利;有大量廉价的劳动力;市场广阔;工业基础好，技术力量雄厚。(3分)
(4)A(2分)
试卷试题
一、选择题：每题只有一个备选项正确。(每题2分，共40分)
1、世界上面积的大洲是()
A、大洋洲B、亚洲C、北美洲D、南极洲
2、世界上面积的大洋是()
A、大西洋B、印度洋C、北冰洋D、太平洋
3、亚洲与北美洲的分界线是()
A、苏伊士运河B、巴拿马运河
C、白令海峡D、京杭运河
4、地球上，海陆变迁的主要原因是()
A、人类活动对地表的改造B、气候的变化对地表的影响
C、人类的主观世界在客观世界的反映D、地壳运动
5、下列大洲中被三大洋包围的是()
A、南美洲B、欧洲C、南极洲D、大洋洲
6、世界气温变化的一般规律是( )
A、从低纬度向两极逐渐降低
B、从中纬度向低纬度和高纬度降低
C、从两极向低纬度降低
D、从高纬度向低纬度和中纬度降低
7、峨眉山山脚海拔500m，气温28℃，山顶海拔3100m，则山顶的气温为()
A、28℃B、12.4℃C、26.5℃D、43.6℃
8、“夏季炎热干燥，冬季温和多雨”具有这样特征的气候类型是()
A、热带雨林气候B、热带季风气候
C、亚热带季风气候D、地中海气候
9、海南岛终年如夏，降水较多，黑龙江省北部冬季漫长，多冰雹，影响他们气候的
主要因素是()
A、纬度因素B、海陆因素
C、地形因素D、洋流因素
10、世界上的热带雨林气候区分布在()
A、东南亚的岛屿B、亚马逊河流域
C、刚果河流域D、几内亚湾沿岸
11、黄种人主要分布在()
A、欧洲和北美洲B、南美洲和非洲
C、亚洲、北美洲和南美洲D、大洋洲和欧洲
12、世界上使用人数最多的语言是()
A、西班牙语B、英语C、俄语D、汉语
13、世界上信仰人数最多的宗教是( )
A、伊斯兰教B、犹太教
C、佛教D、-
14、有关聚落的说法正确的是()
A、先有城市聚落，后有乡村聚落B、先有乡村聚落，后有城市聚落
C、乡村、城市同时发展起来D、最早的城市建于河流上游
15、关于世界人种、宗教、语言的正确叙述是()
A、阿拉伯人属于黄种人B、泰国、印度都把佛教定为国教
C、英语是世界上使用人数最多的语言
D、-、伊斯兰教、佛教都发源于亚洲
16、陆地面积居世界前三位的国家是()
A、俄罗斯、美国、中国B、俄罗斯、巴西、中国
C、俄罗斯、加拿大、美国D、俄罗斯、加拿大、中国
17、关于发达国家和发展中国家的叙述，正确的是()
A、发达国家有20多个，主要分布在亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲
B、发展中国家有150多个，主要分布在欧美
C、美国和巴西都是发达国家
D、中国是发展中国家，加拿大是发达国家
18、“南北对话”是指()
A、南半球和北半球之间的政治、经济商谈
B、南方国家和北方国家之间政治、经济商谈
C、发展中国家和发达国家之间的政治、经济商谈
D、发达国家与发达国家之间的政治、经济商谈
19、中国于2001年加入“WTO”，WTO指()
A、欧佩克B、美洲国家组织C、欧盟D、世贸组织
20、安理会五个常任理事国是( )
A、中、法、美、俄、英B、中、法、美、日、英
C、中、美、俄、英、德D、中、印、俄、英、德
二、填空题(每空1分，共20分)
21、根据人们的计算，地球表面海洋占，而陆地面积仅占。
22、板块学说认为，全球可以大致分成大板块，我国处于板块。
23、国家和地区的根本区别是国家拥有。
24、世界各国无论大小贫富，它们在世界上的地位都是的。
25、1999年10月12日，世界人口总数已达亿。
26、聚落的两种基本类型是和。
27、世界上的国际组织是。
28、气候的两大基本要素，是指和。
29、世界人口问题主要表现为人口增长，还表现在乡村人口向城市的大规模，使城市出现一系列问题。
30、为了解决人口增长过快带来的问题，使人口的增长与的发展相适应，协调好人口与环境、资源的关系，为此，要实行，使人口的数量保持在合理的规律。
31、世界上面积最小的大洲是，没有人定居的大洲是。
32、三大人种中，分布最广的人种是，美洲的土著居民是。
三、综合题(40分)
33、下面是某地气温与降水柱
状图，读后完成问题(每题2分，共6分)
(1)此图表示的气候应位于()
A、北半球
B、南半球
(2)该地气候类型是()
A、热带雨林B、亚热带季风
C、地中海气候D、温带海洋气候
(3)该气候的气候特点是()
A、全年高温多雨B、夏季高温多雨，冬季寒冷干燥
C、全年温和湿润D、夏季炎热干燥，冬季温和多雨
34、根据下列表格回答问题：(每小题2分，共8分)
人口出生率‰人口死亡率‰
世界229
非洲3814
北美洲149
亚洲228
欧洲1011
大洋洲187
(1)比较人口自然增长率，的大洲是()
A、非洲B、亚洲C、欧洲D、大洋洲
(2)北美、欧洲、大洋洲多为()
A、发达国家B、发展中国家
(3)下列说法正确的是()
A、发展中国家面临着高出生率，低死亡率的状况
B、世界上的人口分布极不平衡
C、经济发达的国家，人口自然增长率也比发展中国家高
D、发达国家自然增长率低，甚至为负，使少年儿童的比重增大
(4)关于人口与环境的问题叙述正确的是()
A、人口数量越少，越有利于经济发展和环境保护
B、控制人口增长，对社会发展有延缓作用，有利于保护环境
C、人口数量不受环境承载量的限制
D、控制人口数量，提高人口素质，对保护环境有积极作用
35、1997年在日本东京的联合国气候大会上通过了《京都议定书》，规定了38个主要工业国在2008年——2012年将二氧化碳等6种温室气体排放量从1990年的水平上平均削减5.2%，其中美国削减7%，美国布什政府上台后宣布退出《京都议定书》引起全球一片反对之声。(每小题2分，共12分)
(1)读右图，叙述正确的是()
A、发展中国家人多，人均二氧化碳排放量高于发达国家
B、发达国家二氧化碳排放量大与发展中国家没有关系
C、发达国家工业发达，二氧化碳排放量大于发展中国家
D、发达国家人均消费水平，人均二氧化碳排放量低于发展中国家
(2)大气中二氧化碳浓度增加的原因是()
A、矿物燃料的大量使用B、植树造林
C、太阳黑子增多D、制冷设备的大量使用
(3)美国政府放弃实施《京都议定书》的原因是()
A、温室气体对美国环境影响不大B、美国经济发达不担心温室效应
C、对美国经济发展有利D、美国不是联合成国员
(4)美国决定放弃实施《京都议定书》，对世界气候产生的主要影响是()
A、全球气候变冷B、出现酸雨
C、全球气候变暖D、地震、火山等自然灾害
(5)为了减少温室气体的排放，人类应该()
A、不使用石油B、减少汽车尾气的排放
C、植树造林D、不乱扔垃圾
(6)联合国是世界上的国际组织，其基本宗旨是()
A、更高、更快、更强B、促进经济发展
C、发扬人道主义精神D、维护国际和平与安全
36、读下列海陆分布图，回答下列问题(每小题2分，共6分)
(1)图中字母A所代表的大洲是()
A、亚洲B、非洲C、北美洲D、欧洲
(2)图中数字③代表的大洋是( )
A、北冰洋B、太平洋C、印度洋D、大西洋
(3)根据图中所示，纬度的大洋和大洲分别是()
A、①和AB、②和GC、③和AD、①和G
37、读六大板块分布图回答(每小题2分，共8分)
(1)几乎全部由海洋组成的的板块是()
A、③B、④C、①D、⑤
(2)澳大利亚位于()
A、③大洋洲板块B、③印度洋板块
C、④太平洋板块D、②非洲板块
(3)大西洋位于板块(张裂，挤压碰撞)地带。太平洋西部的深海沟位于板块的(张裂，挤压碰撞)地带。
(4)日本多地震是因为日本位于和的板块活跃地带。
参考答案
一、单项选择题(每个2分，共40分)
1—5 BDCDC6—10 ABDAB11—15CDDBD 16—20 DDCDA
二、填空题(每空1分，共20分)
21、71% 29”、六 亚欧23、主权24、平等
25、60 26、乡村 城市27、联合国28、气温 降水
29、过快，迁移30、经济 计划生育 31、大洋洲 南极洲
32、白色人种 黄种人
三、综合题(共40分)
33、(1)A(2)C(3)D
34、(1)A(2)A(3)B(4)D
35、(1)C(2)A(3)C(4)C(5)C(6)D
36、(1)A(2)C(3)B
37、(1)B(2)B(3)张裂，挤压碰撞
(4)亚欧板块，太平洋板块
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