以下是小编为大家收集的初三英语第十八单元Planting trees 植树（共含10篇），欢迎参阅，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“走神第一人”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
内容
一、教法建议
【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
plant , wonderful , dig , deep , stick , tie , diagram , forest , copy , million , towards , mountain , harvest
neither…nor , knock…into… , next to , so that , cut down , millions of , stop…from doing sth , blow…away , not only…but also… , in a few years' time , far away , thanks to
Ⅱ. 句型学习
Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it straight .
The more , the better .
The river near here is over four metres deep .
The Great Green Wall is between 400 and 1 700 kilometres wide .
Trees must be watered well .
The earth should be pushed down hard .
More or less !
While you're doing that I'll go and get some water .
Ⅲ.语法学习
1 ) 含有情态动词的被动语态的构成及用法。
2 ) 计量的表达。
Ⅳ. 交际英语
如何让别人做某事。
【 指点迷律 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . plant 1 ) 种植 ( 动词 ) 2 ) 植物 ( 名词 )
We planted some roses in the garden .
April is the time to plant trees .
They are planting vegetables .
［点拨］plant 还可作“工厂”讲。
2 . wonderful 极好的；精彩的 ( 形容词 )
That's a wonderful idea .
What a wonderful invention !
He told me a wonderful story .
［点拨］have a wonderful time 过得极为愉快。
3 . neither ( 两者 ) 都不
［点拨］1 ) ( 两者 ) 都不的 ( 形容词 )
Neither watch works , they are both broken .
［注意］neither 作形容词只能与单数名词或代词连用。
2 ) ( 用于否定句 ) 也不 ( 副词 )
John won't go , and neither will I .
He cannot swim , neither can his brother .
You did not see him , neither did I .
3 ) ( 常和 nor 连用 ) 也不 ( 连词 )
It is neither blue nor green .
Neither you nor I am right .
4 ) ( 两者 ) 都不 ( 代词 )
Neither of them is good health , but they work hard .
Neither of the stories was true .
［点拨］neither…nor…连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语的单复数符合就近一致原则。如：Neither you nor he is kind .
4 . nor 也不 ( 用在 neither , nor , not , never 等否定词之后 ) ( 连词 )
I have neither brothers nor sisters .
I didn't go , nor did they .
He doesn't want to go there , nor do I .
5 . dig 挖，掘 ( 动词 )
They have started digging their potatoes .
He was digging a hole .
The truth was dug out .
［点拨］dig 的过去式，过去分词，现在分词分别为 dug , dug , digging。
6 . hole 洞；坑
The boat has a hole in each side .
Please fill the hole in my tooth .
7 . deep 深的，深厚的，深色的 ( 形容词 )
There is a deep well in our village .
This river is not very deep .
Her coat is deep red .
The old man had a deep love for the Party .
［点拨］be deep in a book 埋头读书。talk deep into the night 谈到深夜。deep 常用于具体的深度，包括时间和空间。deeply 用于抽象的、比喻的“深”。
8 . earth 土；泥；地球；大地
Mother planted flowers in the earth .
The earth is bigger than the moon .
9 . tie ( 用绳、线等 ) 系；扎；拴 ( 动词 )
The boy tied the dog to the tree .
They tied him with cords .
I am tied to my work all day .
［点拨］tie sth to… 把……系 ( 拴 ) 在……tie sth , with sth . 用……系 ( 拴 ) … 10 . water 浇水、灌溉 ( 动词 )
They are watering flowers in the garden .
They are watering the streets .
［点拨］water 作抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时前面通常不用冠词，只有当它被一个限制性定语修饰时才加冠词。
11 . untrue 不真实的；假的 ( 形容词 )
It is an untrue story .
He is untrue to his friends .
［点拨］untrue 是由形容词 true 加前缀 un - 构成的。
12 . forest 森林
Most part of the country is made up of forest .
They travel in the forest once a year .
［点拨］forest 指占地广大，而人迹稀少，有鸟兽栖息的森林，而 wood 指树林，人工培植林，或已开发的林子。
13 . sand 沙；沙子；沙滩
A child likes to play with sand .
The children are playing games on the sands .
［点拨］sand 作“沙，沙子”讲是不可数名词，当“沙滩”讲是可数名词。
14 . copy 照搬；誊写；模仿 ( 动词 )
Copy the sentence down .
He copied a page of the book .
Copy this down in your notebook .
I want you to copy carefully from this model .
［点拨］Copy in the examination 考试作弊，Copy down 记下，抄下。
15 . northern 北方的；北部的 ( 形容词 )
The northern part of our country is very cold in winter .
［点拨］northern 无比较等极形式，类似的还有：southern 南方的，eastern 东方的，western 西方的。
16 . million 百万；百万个 ( 人或物 )
There are more than five million people in this city .
Millions of people went to the streets to welcome the king .
［点拨］million 前如有数词，million 则不加 s , 如加了s 后必接 of。
17 . toward ( s ) 向；朝；对于 ( 介词 )
A group of students are walking toward ( s ) she sea .
She was walking toward ( s ) town when I met her .
［点拨］在后跟人时，towards含有“态度性”。如：
Is he friendly towards her ?
What are his feelings towards us ?
18 . among 在……之中 ( 介词 )
She was sitting among her children .
I found him among the crowd .
There is a small house among the trees .
［点拨］among 表示三者或三者以上的之间。
19 . mountain 山；山脉
It is difficult to get to the top this mountain .
They are climbing the mountain .
The mountains were covered with snow .
［点拨］in ( the heart of ) mountains 在 ( 深 ) 山中，a mountain of difficulties 困难重重。
20 . grow
①种植；栽培 ( 及物动词 )
In early spring we grow trees around our house .
②生长，成长 ( 不及物动词 )
Plants cannot grow without water .
The rice is growing fine .
He has grown into a fine young man .
③发展，增长 ( 不及物动词 )
They city is growing fast .
The population is not growing so fast in this area .
［点拨］grow 的过去式，过去分词为 grew , grown . grow 还可作系动词用，后接形容词作表语，grow up 长大，成人。
单元词组思维运用
1 . neither…nor 既不……也不
He is neither Japanese nor Chinese .
Neither he nor I know that .
［注意］当它用来连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的形式取决于后一个主语的人称。试比较：
Neither you nor I am right .
Neither you nor he is right .
Neither he nor you are right .
2 . knock…into 把……插进；把……敲进
Knock a long , strong stick into the earth next to the hole .
A long stick must be knocked into the earth .
Knock the nail into the wall , please .
3 . make sure 务必；查明；弄确实
Make sure that it is straight .
Make sure that all the windows are closed .
Make sure you get there on time .
I think there is a train at 5 : 15 , but you'd better make sure .
Have you made sure of the time of the train ?
4 . in a few years' time 几年之后
In a few years' time , we hope to cover those mountains , too !
［注意］in… 's ( s' ) time , 表示“在某时间之后”，又如：
She is going to Beijing in three days' time .
I'll be back in a week's time .
He will be back in an hour's time .
He has promised to pay me in three months' time .
5 . tie…to 把…捆在 ( 拴在 ) ……
He tied the horse to the tree .
They tied the bad to the big tree .
When he woke up , he found himself tied down to the ground .
6 . be just right 正合适，合适的。
The weather is just right for travelling .
This book is just right for reading .
7 . stop…from doing 制止……不使……；阻止
It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south .
The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away .
8 . point to ( point at ) 指向，指引
He points to the high mountains far away .
He pointed the way to the bookstore ( station ) .
He pointed to ( at ) the forest .
9 . far away 遥远
The moon is far away from the earth .
She lives far away .
10 . thanks to 由于，幸亏，多亏
Thanks to the doctor , I am well again .
Thanks to John's kind help , we finished it early .
11 . more or less 或多或少，大约
He knows some English more or less .
It is helpful more or less .
They were more or less hungry .
The bicycle costs ＄100 more or less .
12 . be covered with 覆盖着，尽是
The table is covered with a cloth .
The mountains were covered with snow .
The trees are covered with flowers .
二、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
单元句型思路明晰
1 . so that 引导状语从句的句型
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight . 把树放在洞内，让它立直。
［明晰］so that 的意思是“以便，为了”，引导一个目的状语从句。又如：
We got up very early so that we could catch the train .
I ran very fast so that no one should catch up with me .
Close the door so that it is warm is the room .
2 . 现在进行时的被动语态句型
Today , too many trees are still being cut down it the USA . 在美国，今天还
有大量的树在被人们砍伐着。
［明晰］句中的 are being cut down 是现在进行时的被动语态。又如：
More Great Green Walls are being built all over the world .
The TV set is being repaired right now .
3 . the + 比较级，the + 比较级
The more , the better . 越多越好。
［明晰］①“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，意思是“越……越……。”又如：
- What size box do you want ?
- The bigger , the better .
Ask all of them to the party , the more , the better .
The more carefully you do the experiment , the better .
Start your work . The sooner , the better .
②“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”的完整句式是“the + 比较级 + 主 + 谓，the + 比较级 + 主 + 谓”，如：
The more people you know , the less time you have to see them .
The more I gave him , the more he wanted .
The more he eats , the fatter he gets .
The harder you work , the more you will learn .
The earlier we start our work , the sooner we can finish it .
4 . 表示计量的句型“数词 + 名词 + 形容词”
The Great Green Wall is 7 . 000 kilometres long , and between 400 - 1 , 700 kiiometres wide . 绿色长城长7000公里，宽400至1，700公里。
［明晰］表示计量的句型的常用结构形式：
“主 + 谓 + 数词 + 表示单位的名词 + 形容词”用来表示“某物有多长 ( 宽、深、高 ) 等，又如：
The wall is three metres high .
The stick is five inches long .
The boy is eight years old .
单元难点疑点释疑
1 . Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow ! 明天你穿旧衣服到学校来。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) 句中的介词 in 可表示服饰的穿着。例如：
Do you know the girl in the hat ?
He is often in brown .
What shall I go in ?
2 . It's Tree Planting Day . We're going to plant some trees .( 明天是 ) 植树节，我们将种一些树。
［释疑］plant 一词还可用作名词，意思是“植物”。例如：
There are different kinds of plants on that farm .
Plants can bring us much fresh air . 植物可带给我们大量新鲜的空气。
3 . Really ? Wonderful !
［释疑］ ( 1 ) wonderful 常用于对事物的赞叹、称许及惊讶，用以表达说话者分外惊奇的心情。在口语中使用时相当于great . 例如：
It's wonderful that you have won the football match .
His uncle is a wonderful maths teacher .
( 2 ) wonderful 是在名词 wonder ( 惊奇，奇迹 ) 后加上 -ful 构成的形容词，常见的还有：use - useful , help -helpful, care-careful, beauty -beautiful
4 . HOW TO PLANT A TREE 如何种树
［释疑］ ( 1 ) 英语中用作标题的文字，一般常用大写。
( 2 ) 不定式前面常常可以根据意思的需要与疑问副词或疑问代词一起构成短语
We don't know when to go there .
The problem is where to plant trees .
We were not sure what to do at that time .
5 . The ground must be just right - neither too wet nor too dry . 地面必须刚好适宜 , 既不太潮湿也不太干燥。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) neither…nor…连词，“既不……也不……”之意。分别放在两个平行的述说对象的前面。例如：
He is neither tall nor short .
I can neither sing nor dance .
Neither you nor he knows French .
上面句中的谓语动词形式取决于后一个主语的人称，这一点要特别注意。请比较：
Neither he nor you know French .
( 2 ) neither 一词单独使用时，可作副词或代词，意为“ ( 两者 ) 都不”，下列句中的名词或动词应用单数形式。例如：
Neither answer is right .
Neither of them knows me .
6 . Knock a long strong stick into the earth next to the hole . Make sure that it is straight . 把一根又长又结实的木棍顺着洞边插进土里，一定要把它立直。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) knock…into… “把……插进……；把……敲进……”。例如：
Please help me knock the nail into the wall .
( 2 ) next to “挨着”。例如：
His bedroom is next to mine .比较：
He lives in the next bedroom .
Next to our school is a big lake .
Who sits next to you ?
( 3 ) make sure “查明，弄确实”。例如：
You must make sure that he didn't lie .
It's hard for me to make sure whose handwriting is better .
7 . Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight . 把树放在洞内，让它立直。
［释疑］so that 意为“以便”，“为了”，引出一个表示目的的状语从句。又如：
He gets up early in the morning so that he can catch the early bus .
Close the door so that it is warm in the room .
8 . Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it straight . 把树和木棍的顶端捆好，以保持树能直立。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) tie…to…“把……捆在……”。例如：
They tied the bad man to the big tree .
Tie his hands to the back of the chair .
to keep it straight 是动词不定工，在句中作状语，表示捆树的目的。straight 是宾语 it 意义上的补充和延伸，所以叫做宾语补足语。又如：
We always keep our classroom clean .
Don't touch the machine . You must keep yourselves safe .
( 3 ) 在句中常用来作宾语补足语的还有动词不定式、分词、名词等。例如：
We all call him Lao Wang . 我们都叫他老王。
Who helped you to wash these clothes ?
I saw him going into the office when I came back last night .
9 . Water it well , as often as possible . 尽可能经常地给树浇好水。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) water 可用作动词，意为“给……浇水”。
英语中有些表示物质的名词也可用作动词，试比较下列句中 fish 及 rain 的词性。
He likes to fish on Sunday . But he doesn't like eating fish very much .
We had much rain last month , but it hasn't rained these days .
( 2 ) 类似 as often as possible 的说法还有：
as soon as possible 尽可能的快 ( 指时间 ) , as fast as possible 尽可能的快 ( 指速度 ) ,as more as possible 尽可能的多, as early as possible 尽可能的早
10 . Why was the Great Green Wall built ? 为什么要营造绿色长城 ?
［释疑］ ( 1 ) The Great Green Wall 指的是三北防护林，即：西北、东北和华北。
整个防护林横贯十三省、市、自治区。
( 2 ) 该句为一般过去时被动语态。
11 . In 1850 , about a third was covered by forests . 1850年，大约三分这一 ( 的美国国土 ) 被森林覆盖。A third 即为 one third 或 1/3。
［释疑］英语中分数的文字表达，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，先读分子，后读分母。当分子大于1时，分母用相应的复数。例如：2 / 3 读作 two thirds . 5 / 7 读作 five sevenths .
12 . A lot of good land has gone with them , leaving only sand . 大片的肥沃土壤随着森林的消失而流失，只留下一片荒沙。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) leaving only sand 在句中作状语，表示土壤流失后的景象。
( 2 ) leave 常用的两个意思为“离开”及“留下”。请比较下面两个句子：
The mother left the baby and hurried to work .
Don't leave your baby along in the room .
13 . Today , too many trees are still being cut down it the USA . 如今，在美国，大量的树木仍遭砍伐。
［释疑］句中的 are being cut down 是现在进行时的被动语态。
14 . China does not want to copy the USA's example . 中国不愿意步美国的后尘。
［释疑］copy 在此意为“照抄”，“照搬”。例如：
Copy a drawing . 临摹图画。
He is copying the sentences on the blackboard .
15 . The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away .
［释疑］stop…from doing sth . “阻止……以免……”，“防止……做某事”。
I have often stopped myself from doing something wrong .
You must stop that big dog from coming into the house .
16 . They must be built all over world . 全世界都必须营造绿色长城。
［释疑］含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词，又如：
This work must be finished in a week .
The trees should be watered often .
In south China , rice may be harvested three times a year .
17 . Many thousands of trees must be planted every year . 每年都得裁成千上万株树。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) many thousands of“数千；万千上万”，thousand 在此是名词。又如：hundreds of 好几百, millions of 数百万
( 2 ) hundred , thousand , million 也常常用作数词，此时后面不能加 s。例如：
We've learned about eight hundred English words .
That farmer had over five thousand ducks .
18 . The more , the better . 越多越好。
［释疑］这种句式的结构为：“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，意为“越……越……”。请看：
Ask all of them to come to the party . The more , the better .
Start your work . The sooner , the better .
The more I think of it , the happier I am .
The harder you work , the greater progress you will make .
19 . This year alone , we've already planted ten thousand trees . 仅仅在今年，我们已经裁了一万棵树。
［释疑］alone 是形容词，在句中意为“仅仅”。又如：
The people live by bread alone .
We all think that he alone can do it .
20 . But we're growing a lot more now , thanks to the Green Wall . 然而，幸亏有了绿色长城，我们现在种植了更多的粮食作物。
［释疑］thanks to…构成副词短语，意为“幸亏”，“由于”例如：
Thanks to their help , we won the match .
We arrived at the railway station in time , thanks to that bus driver .
21 . Is it straight ? More or less . 树放直了吗 ? 基本上是直的。
［释疑］more or less “或多或少，差不多”。例如：
What he said is more or less true .
22 . 同义词 wear , dress , in , put on , try on 的区别
［释疑］ ( 1 ) wear ( 穿，戴 ) ，表示穿着的状态，它不仅可以表示“穿着”某种
衣服，还可广义地用于穿鞋、穿袜、戴帽、戴手表、戴眼镜等。如：
She was wearing a red dress ( a pair of white gloves , glasses , a gold ring , a new watch ) at the ball that night . 那天晚上在舞会上她穿着红色连衣裙 ( 戴着一副白手套，眼镜，一枚金戒指，一块新手表 ) 。
( 2 ) dress ( 穿，穿着 ) ，既可表示穿着的动作，又可表示穿着的状态，只用于穿衣。当 dress 作及物动词时，后面的宾语只能是人。
Have you finished dressing ?
He dressed and went out .
She was dress in with .
Mother dressed the child .
( 3 ) in ( 穿着，身着 ) ，表示状态。in 是介词。
The PLA men are in green uniform .
The comrade in blue is director of the play .
Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow !
( 4 ) put on 强调“穿，戴”的动作，不能与表示持续性的时间状语连用。如：
He put on his coat and went out .
He put on his glasses to read the letter .
You don't need to put on your cap .
( 5 ) try on ( 试穿 ) ，表示动作，如：
I went to the tailors to try on my new suit .
Several pairs f shoes were tried on , but none of them were satisfactory .
Can I try it on ?
Mary was trying on a new dress .
23 . must be 的几种意义
［释疑］①在被动语态中，表示“必须，应当”即：
“must + be + 过去分词”，如：
Young trees must be looked after .
This thing must be handled with care .
A greenhouse must be built first .
This must be done as soon as possible .
②must be 表示一种推测，意思是“大概是”，“可能是”，“准是”，如：
He must be in the workplace now .
Grandpa Li must be over seventy now .
I'm afraid you must be right .
Ah ! it must be more delicious !
③must be 表示“必须是”，“一定是”。如：
The ground must be just right - Neither too wet nor too dry .
The answers must be right .
24 . 表示命令、请求和指示的交际用语
［释疑］命令、请求或指示对方干什么或不要干什么，在英语中最常用的是第二人称祈使句，主语 you 通常不表示出来。祈使句的肯定式以原形动词开始，句首或句尾可以加 please ; 祈使句的否定式以“Don't + 动词原形”开始。例如：
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight .
Water the trees as often as possible .
Don't dig the hole too large .
25 . It's best to do sth . 最好是…… ( 干某事 )
［释疑］这是表示建议的交际用语，意思相当于“You'd better do sth . ” ( 你最好干某事 ) 。如 It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer . ( = You'd better plant trees in spring because it's warmer . )
It's best to water well when the earth is dry .
It's best to fill in the hole with earth .
It's best to harvest at the right time .
It's best to come to school in your old clothes tomorrow because we are going to plant trees in the park .
【 妙文赏析 】
The Lose Outweights the Gain
Joel Adams laments , “When we went on vacation two years ago , burglars broke in and stole ＄250 . So , last year I got smart , I left all the lights on and turned on all the radios and TV s . The burglars were afraid to show up and didn't get a cent - but the electric company got ＄523 ! ”
得不偿失
乔尔亚当斯悲叹道：“两年前我们外出度假，家里没有人，小偷撬门进来偷走了250
美元。去年我学聪明了。我把屋里所有的灯、收音机和电视都打开。小偷不敢来了，一分钱
都没偷走，可电力公司向我们要去了523美元 ! ”
【 思维体操 】
你能猜出下列谜语吗 ?
1 . What letter is a drink ?
2 . What letter is a part of the face ?
3 . What letter is an insect ?
4 . Which letter goes all around an is land ?
5 . What changes a pear into a pearl ?
6 . What is the most important thing in the world ?
7 . What is that which is seen twice in “every day”and four times in“every week”yet only once in“a year” ?
8 . Why is the letter B like fire ?
9 . Why is the letter F like a cows tail ?
10 . What part of London is in France ?
11 . Why is the letter G like the sun ?
12 . Why is the letter T like an is land ?
13 . Why is U the happiest letter ?
14 . Which letter is most useful to a deaf woman ?
15 . What letter in the alphabet and travel the greatest distance ?
16 . What is the end of everything ?
17 . In what way are the letter O and E neatly keep house a like ?
18 . What does the letter B do for boys as they grow up ?
19 . Why is a sewing machine like letter S ?
20 . Why is a false friend like the letter P ?
1 . T ( tea ) 2 . I ( eye ) 3 . B ( bee ) 4 . C ( sea ) 5 . L 6 . The letter E , because it is first in everything and everybody . 7 . Letter E . 8 . because it makes oil boil . 9 . Because it is at the end of beef . 10 . The letter N .
科目 英语
年级 初三
文件 middle3 unit18.1.doc
标题 Planting trees 植树
章节 第十八单元
关键词
内容
一、教法建议
【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
plant , wonderful , dig , deep , stick , tie , diagram , forest , copy , million , towards , mountain , harvest
neither…nor , knock…into… , next to , so that , cut down , millions of , stop…from doing sth , blow…away , not only…but also… , in a few years' time , far away , thanks to
Ⅱ. 句型学习
Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it straight .
The more , the better .
The river near here is over four metres deep .
The Great Green Wall is between 400 and 1 700 kilometres wide .
Trees must be watered well .
The earth should be pushed down hard .
More or less !
While you're doing that I'll go and get some water .
Ⅲ.语法学习
1 ) 含有情态动词的被动语态的构成及用法。
2 ) 计量的表达。
Ⅳ. 交际英语
如何让别人做某事。
【 指点迷律 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . plant 1 ) 种植 ( 动词 ) 2 ) 植物 ( 名词 )
We planted some roses in the garden .
April is the time to plant trees .
They are planting vegetables .
［点拨］plant 还可作“工厂”讲。
2 . wonderful 极好的；精彩的 ( 形容词 )
That's a wonderful idea .
What a wonderful invention !
He told me a wonderful story .
［点拨］have a wonderful time 过得极为愉快。
3 . neither ( 两者 ) 都不
［点拨］1 ) ( 两者 ) 都不的 ( 形容词 )
Neither watch works , they are both broken .
［注意］neither 作形容词只能与单数名词或代词连用。
2 ) ( 用于否定句 ) 也不 ( 副词 )
John won't go , and neither will I .
He cannot swim , neither can his brother .
You did not see him , neither did I .
3 ) ( 常和 nor 连用 ) 也不 ( 连词 )
It is neither blue nor green .
Neither you nor I am right .
4 ) ( 两者 ) 都不 ( 代词 )
Neither of them is good health , but they work hard .
Neither of the stories was true .
［点拨］neither…nor…连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语的单复数符合就近一致原则。如：Neither you nor he is kind .
4 . nor 也不 ( 用在 neither , nor , not , never 等否定词之后 ) ( 连词 )
I have neither brothers nor sisters .
I didn't go , nor did they .
He doesn't want to go there , nor do I .
5 . dig 挖，掘 ( 动词 )
They have started digging their potatoes .
He was digging a hole .
The truth was dug out .
［点拨］dig 的过去式，过去分词，现在分词分别为 dug , dug , digging。
6 . hole 洞；坑
The boat has a hole in each side .
Please fill the hole in my tooth .
7 . deep 深的，深厚的，深色的 ( 形容词 )
There is a deep well in our village .
This river is not very deep .
Her coat is deep red .
The old man had a deep love for the Party .
［点拨］be deep in a book 埋头读书。talk deep into the night 谈到深夜。deep 常用于具体的深度，包括时间和空间。deeply 用于抽象的、比喻的“深”。
8 . earth 土；泥；地球；大地
Mother planted flowers in the earth .
The earth is bigger than the moon .
9 . tie ( 用绳、线等 ) 系；扎；拴 ( 动词 )
The boy tied the dog to the tree .
They tied him with cords .
I am tied to my work all day .
［点拨］tie sth to… 把……系 ( 拴 ) 在……tie sth , with sth . 用……系 ( 拴 ) … 10 . water 浇水、灌溉 ( 动词 )
They are watering flowers in the garden .
They are watering the streets .
［点拨］water 作抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时前面通常不用冠词，只有当它被一个限制性定语修饰时才加冠词。
11 . untrue 不真实的；假的 ( 形容词 )
It is an untrue story .
He is untrue to his friends .
［点拨］untrue 是由形容词 true 加前缀 un - 构成的。
12 . forest 森林
Most part of the country is made up of forest .
They travel in the forest once a year .
［点拨］forest 指占地广大，而人迹稀少，有鸟兽栖息的森林，而 wood 指树林，人工培植林，或已开发的林子。
13 . sand 沙；沙子；沙滩
A child likes to play with sand .
The children are playing games on the sands .
［点拨］sand 作“沙，沙子”讲是不可数名词，当“沙滩”讲是可数名词。
14 . copy 照搬；誊写；模仿 ( 动词 )
Copy the sentence down .
He copied a page of the book .
Copy this down in your notebook .
I want you to copy carefully from this model .
［点拨］Copy in the examination 考试作弊，Copy down 记下，抄下。
15 . northern 北方的；北部的 ( 形容词 )
The northern part of our country is very cold in winter .
［点拨］northern 无比较等极形式，类似的还有：southern 南方的，eastern 东方的，western 西方的。
16 . million 百万；百万个 ( 人或物 )
There are more than five million people in this city .
Millions of people went to the streets to welcome the king .
［点拨］million 前如有数词，million 则不加 s , 如加了s 后必接 of。
17 . toward ( s ) 向；朝；对于 ( 介词 )
A group of students are walking toward ( s ) she sea .
She was walking toward ( s ) town when I met her .
［点拨］在后跟人时，towards含有“态度性”。如：
Is he friendly towards her ?
What are his feelings towards us ?
18 . among 在……之中 ( 介词 )
She was sitting among her children .
I found him among the crowd .
There is a small house among the trees .
［点拨］among 表示三者或三者以上的之间。
19 . mountain 山；山脉
It is difficult to get to the top this mountain .
They are climbing the mountain .
The mountains were covered with snow .
［点拨］in ( the heart of ) mountains 在 ( 深 ) 山中，a mountain of difficulties 困难重重。
20 . grow
①种植；栽培 ( 及物动词 )
In early spring we grow trees around our house .
②生长，成长 ( 不及物动词 )
Plants cannot grow without water .
The rice is growing fine .
He has grown into a fine young man .
③发展，增长 ( 不及物动词 )
They city is growing fast .
The population is not growing so fast in this area .
［点拨］grow 的过去式，过去分词为 grew , grown . grow 还可作系动词用，后接形容词作表语，grow up 长大，成人。
单元词组思维运用
1 . neither…nor 既不……也不
He is neither Japanese nor Chinese .
Neither he nor I know that .
［注意］当它用来连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的形式取决于后一个主语的人称。试比较：
Neither you nor I am right .
Neither you nor he is right .
Neither he nor you are right .
2 . knock…into 把……插进；把……敲进
Knock a long , strong stick into the earth next to the hole .
A long stick must be knocked into the earth .
Knock the nail into the wall , please .
3 . make sure 务必；查明；弄确实
Make sure that it is straight .
Make sure that all the windows are closed .
Make sure you get there on time .
I think there is a train at 5 : 15 , but you'd better make sure .
Have you made sure of the time of the train ?
4 . in a few years' time 几年之后
In a few years' time , we hope to cover those mountains , too !
［注意］in… 's ( s' ) time , 表示“在某时间之后”，又如：
She is going to Beijing in three days' time .
I'll be back in a week's time .
He will be back in an hour's time .
He has promised to pay me in three months' time .
5 . tie…to 把…捆在 ( 拴在 ) ……
He tied the horse to the tree .
They tied the bad to the big tree .
When he woke up , he found himself tied down to the ground .
6 . be just right 正合适，合适的。
The weather is just right for travelling .
This book is just right for reading .
7 . stop…from doing 制止……不使……；阻止
It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south .
The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away .
8 . point to ( point at ) 指向，指引
He points to the high mountains far away .
He pointed the way to the bookstore ( station ) .
He pointed to ( at ) the forest .
9 . far away 遥远
The moon is far away from the earth .
She lives far away .
10 . thanks to 由于，幸亏，多亏
Thanks to the doctor , I am well again .
Thanks to John's kind help , we finished it early .
11 . more or less 或多或少，大约
He knows some English more or less .
It is helpful more or less .
They were more or less hungry .
The bicycle costs ＄100 more or less .
12 . be covered with 覆盖着，尽是
The table is covered with a cloth .
The mountains were covered with snow .
The trees are covered with flowers .
二、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
单元句型思路明晰
1 . so that 引导状语从句的句型
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight . 把树放在洞内，让它立直。
［明晰］so that 的意思是“以便，为了”，引导一个目的状语从句。又如：
We got up very early so that we could catch the train .
I ran very fast so that no one should catch up with me .
Close the door so that it is warm is the room .
2 . 现在进行时的被动语态句型
Today , too many trees are still being cut down it the USA . 在美国，今天还
有大量的树在被人们砍伐着。
［明晰］句中的 are being cut down 是现在进行时的被动语态。又如：
More Great Green Walls are being built all over the world .
The TV set is being repaired right now .
3 . the + 比较级，the + 比较级
The more , the better . 越多越好。
［明晰］①“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，意思是“越……越……。”又如：
- What size box do you want ?
- The bigger , the better .
Ask all of them to the party , the more , the better .
The more carefully you do the experiment , the better .
Start your work . The sooner , the better .
②“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”的完整句式是“the + 比较级 + 主 + 谓，the + 比较级 + 主 + 谓”，如：
The more people you know , the less time you have to see them .
The more I gave him , the more he wanted .
The more he eats , the fatter he gets .
The harder you work , the more you will learn .
The earlier we start our work , the sooner we can finish it .
4 . 表示计量的句型“数词 + 名词 + 形容词”
The Great Green Wall is 7 . 000 kilometres long , and between 400 - 1 , 700 kiiometres wide . 绿色长城长7000公里，宽400至1，700公里。
［明晰］表示计量的句型的常用结构形式：
“主 + 谓 + 数词 + 表示单位的名词 + 形容词”用来表示“某物有多长 ( 宽、深、高 ) 等，又如：
The wall is three metres high .
The stick is five inches long .
The boy is eight years old .
单元难点疑点释疑
1 . Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow ! 明天你穿旧衣服到学校来。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) 句中的介词 in 可表示服饰的穿着。例如：
Do you know the girl in the hat ?
He is often in brown .
What shall I go in ?
2 . It's Tree Planting Day . We're going to plant some trees .( 明天是 ) 植树节，我们将种一些树。
［释疑］plant 一词还可用作名词，意思是“植物”。例如：
There are different kinds of plants on that farm .
Plants can bring us much fresh air . 植物可带给我们大量新鲜的空气。
3 . Really ? Wonderful !
［释疑］ ( 1 ) wonderful 常用于对事物的赞叹、称许及惊讶，用以表达说话者分外惊奇的心情。在口语中使用时相当于great . 例如：
It's wonderful that you have won the football match .
His uncle is a wonderful maths teacher .
( 2 ) wonderful 是在名词 wonder ( 惊奇，奇迹 ) 后加上 -ful 构成的形容词，常见的还有：use - useful , help -helpful, care-careful, beauty -beautiful
4 . HOW TO PLANT A TREE 如何种树
［释疑］ ( 1 ) 英语中用作标题的文字，一般常用大写。
( 2 ) 不定式前面常常可以根据意思的需要与疑问副词或疑问代词一起构成短语
We don't know when to go there .
The problem is where to plant trees .
We were not sure what to do at that time .
5 . The ground must be just right - neither too wet nor too dry . 地面必须刚好适宜 , 既不太潮湿也不太干燥。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) neither…nor…连词，“既不……也不……”之意。分别放在两个平行的述说对象的前面。例如：
He is neither tall nor short .
I can neither sing nor dance .
Neither you nor he knows French .
上面句中的谓语动词形式取决于后一个主语的人称，这一点要特别注意。请比较：
Neither he nor you know French .
( 2 ) neither 一词单独使用时，可作副词或代词，意为“ ( 两者 ) 都不”，下列句中的名词或动词应用单数形式。例如：
Neither answer is right .
Neither of them knows me .
6 . Knock a long strong stick into the earth next to the hole . Make sure that it is straight . 把一根又长又结实的木棍顺着洞边插进土里，一定要把它立直。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) knock…into… “把……插进……；把……敲进……”。例如：
Please help me knock the nail into the wall .
( 2 ) next to “挨着”。例如：
His bedroom is next to mine .比较：
He lives in the next bedroom .
Next to our school is a big lake .
Who sits next to you ?
( 3 ) make sure “查明，弄确实”。例如：
You must make sure that he didn't lie .
It's hard for me to make sure whose handwriting is better .
7 . Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight . 把树放在洞内，让它立直。
［释疑］so that 意为“以便”，“为了”，引出一个表示目的的状语从句。又如：
He gets up early in the morning so that he can catch the early bus .
Close the door so that it is warm in the room .
8 . Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it straight . 把树和木棍的顶端捆好，以保持树能直立。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) tie…to…“把……捆在……”。例如：
They tied the bad man to the big tree .
Tie his hands to the back of the chair .
to keep it straight 是动词不定工，在句中作状语，表示捆树的目的。straight 是宾语 it 意义上的补充和延伸，所以叫做宾语补足语。又如：
We always keep our classroom clean .
Don't touch the machine . You must keep yourselves safe .
( 3 ) 在句中常用来作宾语补足语的还有动词不定式、分词、名词等。例如：
We all call him Lao Wang . 我们都叫他老王。
Who helped you to wash these clothes ?
I saw him going into the office when I came back last night .
9 . Water it well , as often as possible . 尽可能经常地给树浇好水。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) water 可用作动词，意为“给……浇水”。
英语中有些表示物质的名词也可用作动词，试比较下列句中 fish 及 rain 的词性。
He likes to fish on Sunday . But he doesn't like eating fish very much .
We had much rain last month , but it hasn't rained these days .
( 2 ) 类似 as often as possible 的说法还有：
as soon as possible 尽可能的快 ( 指时间 ) , as fast as possible 尽可能的快 ( 指速度 ) ,as more as possible 尽可能的多, as early as possible 尽可能的早
10 . Why was the Great Green Wall built ? 为什么要营造绿色长城 ?
［释疑］ ( 1 ) The Great Green Wall 指的是三北防护林，即：西北、东北和华北。
整个防护林横贯十三省、市、自治区。
( 2 ) 该句为一般过去时被动语态。
11 . In 1850 , about a third was covered by forests . 1850年，大约三分这一 ( 的美国国土 ) 被森林覆盖。A third 即为 one third 或 1/3。
［释疑］英语中分数的文字表达，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，先读分子，后读分母。当分子大于1时，分母用相应的复数。例如：2 / 3 读作 two thirds . 5 / 7 读作 five sevenths .
12 . A lot of good land has gone with them , leaving only sand . 大片的肥沃土壤随着森林的消失而流失，只留下一片荒沙。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) leaving only sand 在句中作状语，表示土壤流失后的景象。
( 2 ) leave 常用的两个意思为“离开”及“留下”。请比较下面两个句子：
The mother left the baby and hurried to work .
Don't leave your baby along in the room .
13 . Today , too many trees are still being cut down it the USA . 如今，在美国，大量的树木仍遭砍伐。
［释疑］句中的 are being cut down 是现在进行时的被动语态。
14 . China does not want to copy the USA's example . 中国不愿意步美国的后尘。
［释疑］copy 在此意为“照抄”，“照搬”。例如：
Copy a drawing . 临摹图画。
He is copying the sentences on the blackboard .
15 . The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away .
［释疑］stop…from doing sth . “阻止……以免……”，“防止……做某事”。
I have often stopped myself from doing something wrong .
You must stop that big dog from coming into the house .
16 . They must be built all over world . 全世界都必须营造绿色长城。
［释疑］含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词，又如：
This work must be finished in a week .
The trees should be watered often .
In south China , rice may be harvested three times a year .
17 . Many thousands of trees must be planted every year . 每年都得裁成千上万株树。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) many thousands of“数千；万千上万”，thousand 在此是名词。又如：hundreds of 好几百, millions of 数百万
( 2 ) hundred , thousand , million 也常常用作数词，此时后面不能加 s。例如：
We've learned about eight hundred English words .
That farmer had over five thousand ducks .
18 . The more , the better . 越多越好。
［释疑］这种句式的结构为：“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，意为“越……越……”。请看：
Ask all of them to come to the party . The more , the better .
Start your work . The sooner , the better .
The more I think of it , the happier I am .
The harder you work , the greater progress you will make .
19 . This year alone , we've already planted ten thousand trees . 仅仅在今年，我们已经裁了一万棵树。
［释疑］alone 是形容词，在句中意为“仅仅”。又如：
The people live by bread alone .
We all think that he alone can do it .
20 . But we're growing a lot more now , thanks to the Green Wall . 然而，幸亏有了绿色长城，我们现在种植了更多的粮食作物。
［释疑］thanks to…构成副词短语，意为“幸亏”，“由于”例如：
Thanks to their help , we won the match .
We arrived at the railway station in time , thanks to that bus driver .
21 . Is it straight ? More or less . 树放直了吗 ? 基本上是直的。
［释疑］more or less “或多或少，差不多”。例如：
What he said is more or less true .
22 . 同义词 wear , dress , in , put on , try on 的区别
［释疑］ ( 1 ) wear ( 穿，戴 ) ，表示穿着的状态，它不仅可以表示“穿着”某种
衣服，还可广义地用于穿鞋、穿袜、戴帽、戴手表、戴眼镜等。如：
She was wearing a red dress ( a pair of white gloves , glasses , a gold ring , a new watch ) at the ball that night . 那天晚上在舞会上她穿着红色连衣裙 ( 戴着一副白手套，眼镜，一枚金戒指，一块新手表 ) 。
( 2 ) dress ( 穿，穿着 ) ，既可表示穿着的动作，又可表示穿着的状态，只用于穿衣。当 dress 作及物动词时，后面的宾语只能是人。
Have you finished dressing ?
He dressed and went out .
She was dress in with .
Mother dressed the child .
( 3 ) in ( 穿着，身着 ) ，表示状态。in 是介词。
The PLA men are in green uniform .
The comrade in blue is director of the play .
Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow !
( 4 ) put on 强调“穿，戴”的动作，不能与表示持续性的时间状语连用。如：
He put on his coat and went out .
He put on his glasses to read the letter .
You don't need to put on your cap .
( 5 ) try on ( 试穿 ) ，表示动作，如：
I went to the tailors to try on my new suit .
Several pairs f shoes were tried on , but none of them were satisfactory .
Can I try it on ?
Mary was trying on a new dress .
23 . must be 的几种意义
［释疑］①在被动语态中，表示“必须，应当”即：
“must + be + 过去分词”，如：
Young trees must be looked after .
This thing must be handled with care .
A greenhouse must be built first .
This must be done as soon as possible .
②must be 表示一种推测，意思是“大概是”，“可能是”，“准是”，如：
He must be in the workplace now .
Grandpa Li must be over seventy now .
I'm afraid you must be right .
Ah ! it must be more delicious !
③must be 表示“必须是”，“一定是”。如：
The ground must be just right - Neither too wet nor too dry .
The answers must be right .
24 . 表示命令、请求和指示的交际用语
［释疑］命令、请求或指示对方干什么或不要干什么，在英语中最常用的是第二人称祈使句，主语 you 通常不表示出来。祈使句的肯定式以原形动词开始，句首或句尾可以加 please ; 祈使句的否定式以“Don't + 动词原形”开始。例如：
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight .
Water the trees as often as possible .
Don't dig the hole too large .
25 . It's best to do sth . 最好是…… ( 干某事 )
［释疑］这是表示建议的交际用语，意思相当于“You'd better do sth . ” ( 你最好干某事 ) 。如 It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer . ( = You'd better plant trees in spring because it's warmer . )
It's best to water well when the earth is dry .
It's best to fill in the hole with earth .
It's best to harvest at the right time .
It's best to come to school in your old clothes tomorrow because we are going to plant trees in the park .
【 妙文赏析 】
The Lose Outweights the Gain
Joel Adams laments , “When we went on vacation two years ago , burglars broke in and stole ＄250 . So , last year I got smart , I left all the lights on and turned on all the radios and TV s . The burglars were afraid to show up and didn't get a cent - but the electric company got ＄523 ! ”
得不偿失
乔尔亚当斯悲叹道：“两年前我们外出度假，家里没有人，小偷撬门进来偷走了250
美元。去年我学聪明了。我把屋里所有的灯、收音机和电视都打开。小偷不敢来了，一分钱
都没偷走，可电力公司向我们要去了523美元 ! ”
【 思维体操 】
你能猜出下列谜语吗 ?
1 . What letter is a drink ?
2 . What letter is a part of the face ?
3 . What letter is an insect ?
4 . Which letter goes all around an is land ?
5 . What changes a pear into a pearl ?
6 . What is the most important thing in the world ?
7 . What is that which is seen twice in “every day”and four times in“every week”yet only once in“a year” ?
8 . Why is the letter B like fire ?
9 . Why is the letter F like a cows tail ?
10 . What part of London is in France ?
11 . Why is the letter G like the sun ?
12 . Why is the letter T like an is land ?
13 . Why is U the happiest letter ?
14 . Which letter is most useful to a deaf woman ?
15 . What letter in the alphabet and travel the greatest distance ?
16 . What is the end of everything ?
17 . In what way are the letter O and E neatly keep house a like ?
18 . What does the letter B do for boys as they grow up ?
19 . Why is a sewing machine like letter S ?
20 . Why is a false friend like the letter P ?
1 . T ( tea ) 2 . I ( eye ) 3 . B ( bee ) 4 . C ( sea ) 5 . L 6 . The letter E , because it is first in everything and everybody . 7 . Letter E . 8 . because it makes oil boil . 9 . Because it is at the end of beef . 10 . The letter N . 11 . Because it is the center of light . 12 . Because it is in the middle of water . 13 . Because it is always in the midst of fun . 14 . The letter A , because it makes HER HEAR , 15 . The letter D , because it goes to the end of the world 16 . The letter G . 17 . Both are always in order . 18 . As they grow older it makes them bolder . 19 . Because it makes needles needless . 20 . Because he is the first in pity , but the last in help .
三、智能显示
【 心中有数 】
单元语法发散思维
※ 含有情态动词的被动态
含有情态动词的被动结构是：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词。如：
We must find out the truth . → The truth must be found out .
These machine parts may be needed in our work .
Should an article be used here ?
These stairs are very dangerous . They should be repaired .
This lesson must be gone over again .
※ 被动语态与系表结构的区别
动词 be + 过去分词这个结构并不定都是被动语态结构，有时它可能是 be + 过去分词 ( 作表语 ) 的系表结构。因此：
be + 过去分词 ( 被动语态 ) 与 be + 过去分词 ( 作表语 ) 这两种结构的主要差别是：
①被动结构表示一个动作，带表语的结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如：
The library is now closed . ( 系表结构 )
It is usually closed at 6 . ( 被动结构 )
②被动结构后面可带 by + 实施动作者，而系表结构一般没有。如：
The glass is broken . ( 系表结构 )
It was broken by my sister . ( 被动结构 )
③“系表结构”中的过去分词可以被 well , very 等副词修饰，而“被动结构”中的
过去分词则一般不能如此。如：
The book is well written . ( 系表结构 )
The book is written by Li Ming . ( 被动结构 )
④被动结构可以用于许多时态之是，而系表结构只用于一般现在时和一般过去时这两种时态。如：
The work is being done . ( 被动语态 )
The work is done . ( 系表结构 )
⑤系表结构有主动意义，而被动结构只有被动意义。被动结构的句子往往有表示动作的时间、地点、方式、目的等状语，而系表结构一般没有这样的状语。如：
The photo was taken last month . ( 被动语态 )
The photo was well taken . ( 系表结构 )
【 动手动脑 】
单元能力立体检测
1、用方框中词的适当形式填空：
tie , neither…nor , so that , stop…from , must be work on , thanks to , a third , next to , be covered with , millions of
1 ) He ran slowly ____ everyone could catch up with him .
2 ) He ____ the Great Green Wall with many other people .
3 ) Trees should ____ to the stick .
4 ) Uncle Wang lives ____ us .
5 ) Young trees ____ watered well when it is dry .
6 ) I have many books , about ____ is story - books .
“The Great Green Wall”is made of ____ trees .
7 ) It will ____ the sand ____ moving towards the rich farmland in the south .
8 ) The weather is ____ hot ____ cold in KunMing .
9 ) The ground ____ snow in winter .
10 ) We are studying well now ; ____ our teacher .
2、单项选择：
1 . The building is about two metres ____ .
A . high B . tall C . long D . deep
2 . The radio can be mended ___ two days .
A . by B . in C . with D . on
3 . We have friends all ____ the world .
A . over B . on C . to D . through
4 . There are ____ workers on a farm .
A . thousands B . thousands of C . thousand of D . thousand
5 . Water the trees well as ____ as possible .
A . often B . can C . quiet D . tall
6 . If anything ____ him , let me know .
A . will happy to B . happens at C . happens to D . will happen for .
7 . How many bananas do you want ? The ____ , the better .
A . much B . more C . many D . better
8 . To learn is ____ hard work .
A . / B . a C . an D . the
9 . Nothing will stop us ____ going there .
A . from B . to C . for D . in
10 . That's the youngest boy ____ those boys .
A . between B . for C . among D . to
11 . Neither Tom ____ Jim is a teacher .
A . or B . nor C . but D . and
12 . We will finish the work ____ at hour .
A . after B . in C . about D . for
答案：Ⅰ . 1 . So that 2 . work on 3 . be tired 4 . next to 5 . must be 6 . a third , millions of 7 . stop , from 8 . neither…nor 9 . is covered with 10 . Thanks to Ⅱ . 1 . A 2 . B 3 . A 4 . B 5 . A 6 . C 7 . B 8 . A 9 . A 10 . C 11 . B 12 . B
【 创新园地 】
同学们，你下厨房做过饭吗 ? 你会做煎蛋卷（omelettes）吗 ? 如果回答是肯定的，那就请你用英文写出制作煎蛋卷的具体操作规程及说明。
( 请同学们把你的答案反馈给我们 )
【 创新园地】参考答案：
Making Omelettes
Omelettes are made from eggs and a few other things . They are quite easy to make .
First , crack the eggs and put them into a bowl . Use two or three eggs for each person . Mix the eggs well with a fork or with chopsticks . Mix the eggs until the mixture is all the same color - all right yellow .
Second , take the things , or ingredients , that you want to add to the omelette . For example , you can add cheese , or ham , or vegetables . Cat the ingredients into small pieces .
Third , put a little bit of butter or margarine into the bottom of a frying pan . Light the stove and melt the butter . You need butter or margarine so that the eggs won't stick to the pan .
Fourth , pour the eggs into the frying pan . Then put the other ingredients on top of the eggs .
After a couple minutes , turn the eggs over . Use a fork , or a spatula , or an egg-turner . When both sides of the eggs are cooked , remove the omelette from the pan . It is ready to eat .
内容
一、教法建议
【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ . 词汇学习
四会：party , birthday , tell , may , present , feel , happy , laugh , doorbell , sandwich , plate , candle , give…the message
Ⅱ . 语法学习
学习表达“邀请和应答”、“请求许可”。
Ⅲ . 交际英语
四会要求
Thanks a lot .
Thank you very much for asking me to… .
It doesn't matter .
I may be a little late .
May ／ Could I speak to… , please ?
See you !
Happy birthday !
Here is your present .
There is no time to… .
That's OK .
I'm sorry to hear that .
三会要求
This is ( Bill ) here .
I'm afraid not .
May I have ( some fish ) , please ?
No , thank you . I'm full .
I'm very sorry , but I can't come .
I'm sure ( that ) he would love to come .
And so is ( Polly ) .
【 指点迷津 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . party 聚会
〖 点拨 〗该词大写首字母，再加 the 表“党，党派”。
I want to hold a birthday party . 我想举行生日聚会。
2 . birthday 生日
Happy birthday to you ! 祝你生日快乐 !
Today is my birthday . 今天是我的生日。
3 . tell 告诉，讲述
I told them this story yesterday . 我昨天给他们讲的这故事。
〖 点拨 〗该词常与 can , could , be able to 连用 ) 辨别、分辨
I can tell you from your sister . 我能分辨出你和你姐姐。
4 . may 可能，可以
〖 点拨 〗后接不带 to 的动词不定式，无人称变化。
You may be right . 你可能是对的。
May I go now ? 我现在可以走了吗 ?
5 . present 礼物
I gave a birthday present to Tom . 我给汤姆送去生日礼物。
〖 点拨 〗也可作形容词目前的，现在的，出席的
All the students were present . 所有的学生都出席了。
6 . sandwich 三明治 ( 夹心面包片 )
Do you like to eat sandwich ? 你喜欢吃三明治吗 ?
7 . plate 盘子，碟子
My mother bought three plates yesterday . 我母亲昨天买了三个盘子。
8 . candle 蜡烛
He brought me some birthday candles . 他给我带来一些生日蜡烛。
9 . feel 感觉
〖 点拨 〗注意其过去式或过去分词是 felt，另外也可作系动词表“摸上去”。
I feel so cold ( warm ) . 我感到很冷 ( 很暖和 ) 。
It feels soft . 它摸上去很柔软。
10 . happy 快乐的，愉快的
I'm very happy to meet you . 见到你很愉快。
11 . doorbell 门铃
〖 点拨 〗该词为 door + bell 合成词。
The boy is pressing the doorbell . 这个孩子在按门铃。
Where can I buy a doorbell ? 在哪儿能买到门铃 ?
12 . feather 羽毛
The bird's feathers are beautiful . 这只鸟的羽毛很漂亮。
13 . laugh 笑
〖 点拨 〗该词也可作名词，其反义词为cry。
They laughed happily . 他们开怀大笑。
She had a laugh over it . 她对此事笑了笑。
单元词组思维运用
1 . say 与 speak、take、tell 的区别：
〖 提示 〗say ( 说，讲 ) ，指以口头或书面语言表达思想，着重于讲话的内容可用于直接引语或间接引语。如：
He said that he was busy . 他说他很忙。
speak ( 讲话，演讲 ) ，着重说话的动作，指开口说或连续不断地说。还指讲外语的能力。另外，打电话时只用 speak . 如：
The teacher is speaking . 老师正在讲话。
Who's going to speak at today's meeting ? 今天的会上谁发言 ?
Can you speak English ? 你会说英语吗 ?
May I speak to Kate . please ? ( 打电话用语 ) 请找凯特讲话，好吗 ?
talk ( 说，讲，谈话 ) ，与 speak 意义相近，但不如 speak 正式 talk 更常指与人交谈，或单方面的谈话。如：
What are you talking about ? 你们在谈些什么 ?
Li Ping is talking with his father . 李平正在跟他父亲谈话。
tell ( 告诉，讲 ) ，多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人，除直接接 truth ( 真话 ) ，joke ( 笑
话 ) ，lie ( 谎话 ) ，story ( 故事 ) ，news ( 消息 ) 等外，必须接双宾语。有时还有嘱咐、断定、识别、辨别的意思。如：
Tell me where you live . 告诉我你住在哪里。
2 . forgot to do sth . 与 forgot doing sth . forget to do sth . 的区别：
〖 提示 〗forgot to do sth . 是“忘记该做某事”，即使现在讲，都不用现在式动词 forget to . 如：
I forgot to lock the door . 我忘记了锁门。 ( 意思是该锁门而忘记了 )
I forgot to bring my pencil box . 我忘记了带铅笔盒。
另外：forgot doing sth . 意为“忘记曾经做过某事”。是“曾经做了，而忘记了”。如：
I forgot locking the door . 我忘记了曾锁了门。 ( 意思是锁过门而忘记了 )
另外：forget to do sth . 用在否定句中，后跟不定式，组成 do not forget to do sth . 是“不要忘了做某事”之意。如：
Don't forget to do your homework . 别忘了做你的家庭作业。
3 . remember to do sth . 与 remember doing sth . 的区别：
〖 提示 〗remember to do sth . 是“记住要去做某事”。如：
Remember to post the letter . 记住要发那封信。
remember doing sth . 是“记得曾做过某事”。如：
I remember posting the letter . 我记得 ( 已 ) 把信寄了。
注意：remember 用法同 forget 用法。
4 . so do I , so I do , I do so 的区别：
〖 提示 〗1 ) so do I 属于“so + do ( he , have , can ) + 主语”结构，是例装语序。so 相当于 in the same way ( 同样地 ) ，too ( 也 ) 的含义。表示同样的看法时用。如：
He is tired . And so am I . 他累了。我也累了。
Tom's mother did some shopping yesterday . And so did Mary's mother .
汤姆的母亲昨天去买东西去了。玛丽的母亲也买东西去了。
He has a blue pen . And so has ／ does Tom . 他有一支蓝钢笔。汤姆也有。
I like skating . So does he . 我喜欢滑冰，他也喜欢。
I can speak English . ( and ) So can my brother . 我会说英语。我弟弟也会。
2 ) so I do 属于“so + 主语 + do ( be , have , can ) 结构，是正常语序，so 的意思相当于 indeed , certainly ( 的确如此 ) ，对别人的话作出肯定回答时用。如：
-It is cold today . 今天很冷。
- Yes , it is ( cold today ) . 是很冷。
= -It is cold today .
-So it is .
- The students work very hard . 学生们学习很努力
- So they do . 他们的确如此
3 ) I do so 中的 so 为代词，是“如此，这样 ( the same ) ”的意思，一起构成复合动词 do so ( 但没有 I am so . I have so 等形式 ) 。意为按照别人吩咐的去干了。
I told him to come and see me the next day and he did so ( = he came and saw me the next day ) .
我叫他第二天来看我，他第二天这样做了。
5 . have a party 举行一次聚会
I'm going to have a party . 我打算开个晚会。
〖 提示 〗与动词 have 构成的短语还有：
have a drink 喝一杯 ／ have a look 看一下 ／ have a rest 休息一下 ／ have a swim 游泳 ／ have a talk 读一下 ／ have a sit down 坐一下 ／ have a walk 散散步 ／ have breakfast ( lunch , supper ) 吃早 ( 中，晚 ) 饭 ／ have a lesson 上一堂课 ／ have lessons 上课 ／ have a holiday 休假 ／ have a good ( bad pleasant ) time 过得快活 ( 不快活，愉快 )
6 . one moment 等一下
One moment , please . 请等一下。
〖 提示 〗这是打电话时的用语，还可这样说：
Wait a moment , please .
7 . may be 也许，可能
The news may be true . 这消息也许是真的。
May be you will succeed after all . 也许你后来会成功。
二、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
单元句型思路明晰
1 . I hope you can…
I hope you can come to my party next Sunday . 我希望下个星期天你能来参加我的聚会。
〖 明晰 〗1 ) I hope you can…是表示邀请的句型。又如：
I hope you can come over to my house . 我希望你能来我家玩一玩。
2 ) hope 作“希望，盼望”解时，后面可跟句子。如：
I hope I can help you . 我希望能帮助你。
3 ) hope 也可以跟不定式。如：
I hope to see you tomorrow . 我希望明天见到你。
4 ) hope 后不能接名词、动名词、或名词宾语加不定式。如：
He hoped the first prize . ( × )
He hoped getting the first prize . ( × )
He hoped to get the first prize . ( )
他希望得一等奖。
We hope him to get well soon . ( × )
We hope that he will get well soon . ( )
我们希望他不久就会恢复健康。
2 . Would you like… ?
Would you like to come ? 你愿意来吗 ?
〖 明晰 〗Would you like to do sth . ? 是委婉地提出请求、建议的句子。回答时可用：
Sure , I'd love to . 或Sure , I'd like to . 或简单回答：Certainly ／ Of course .
又如：Would you like to go with us ? 你愿意和我们一道去吗 ?
3 . I'm sure that + 从句
I'm sure that he would love to come . 我肯定他会愿意来。
〖 明晰 〗1 ) sure 中句中意思是“确信的”，“有把握的”。
I'm sure 后接以 that 引导的宾语从句 he would love to come。这个 that 可以省去。would love to 的意思是“想要”，表示“愿意”的意思。又如：
I'm sure he is a good student . 我确信他是个好学生。
2 ) would love to = what to ／ would like to . 也是一种表委婉语气的用语。如：
Would you love to drink now ? 你现在想喝点什么吗 ?
4 . 选择疑问句型：
选择疑问句是提供两种或两种以上的情况问对方选择哪一种的疑问句。这种问句要求对方用完全的句子来回答。选择疑问句的句型是：
一般疑问句 + or + 一般疑问句
后一疑问句常用省略结构，省去意义上与前句相同部分。如本课例句：
Can I open it now , or later ? 我是现在打开呢，还是等会儿打开 ?
Is Kate's hair long or short ? 凯特的头发是长还是短 ?
Are you from Beijing or Shanghai ? 你是北京人还是上海人 ?
Are you workers or students . 你们是工人还是学生 ?
单元难点疑点释疑
1 . May I speak to Ann , please ?
〖 释疑 〗这是常用的电话用语。电话接通后还可以这样问：
1 ) Hello ! Is Tom in ? 喂 ! 汤姆在吗 ?
2 ) Hello ! Is Tom there ? 喂，是汤姆吗 ?
3 ) I'd like to speak to Tom . 我想和汤姆通话。
4 ) Is that Tom speaking ? 是汤姆吗 ?
5 ) Is that you , Mary ? 是你吗，玛丽 ?
6 ) Who is it ? 你是谁 ?
7 ) Could I speak to Tom ? 我可以和汤姆通话吗 ?
2 . One moment , please . 请等一会儿。
〖 释疑 〗这句意思与 wait a minute 或 wait a moment 意义相同，都表示“等一会儿”。接电话时让对方稍等一下时还可以说：
1 ) Hold on for a moment .
2 ) Wait a moment , please .
3 . Is that Mrs Read ?
您是瑞德夫人吗 ?
〖 释疑 〗在打电话或其它听得见而看不见的场合询问对方是谁的，常用这种表达法。
Is that Xiao Ming ? 是小明吗 ?
Who is that ? 你是哪位 ?
4 . This is Bill here . 我是比尔。
〖 释疑 〗This is…是打电话时在回答“你是谁 ? ”或自我介绍时常用的句式，也可以说 This is Bill speaking 或 Bill speaking .
5 . I'm sorry to hear that ? 我听到这很遗憾。
〖 释疑 〗这是在听到不好的消息而表示失望、遗憾时常说的话，还可以说：What a pity ! 如：
I'm sorry to hear that your brother was ill . 很遗憾，听说你弟弟病了。
I'm sorry I'm late . 对不起我迟到了。
6 . I'll give her the message . 我给她一个口信。
〖 释疑 〗message 意为“口信”。“捎个口信”可以说 take the message 或 take a message .
7 . Thanks a lot for asking me to your party . 非常感谢你邀请我参加你的晚会。
〖 释疑 〗1 ) Thank sb for sth 为某事感谢某人。如：
Thank you for your help . 谢谢你的帮助。
Thank you for helping me with my English . 谢谢你帮我学习英语。
2 ) ask sb . to do sth . 既可以表示“邀请某人”，也可以表示“要某人做某事”。如：
She asked me to her birthday party . 她邀请我参加生日舞会。
My teacher asked me not to be late . 老师要我别迟到。
8 . See you ! 再见。
〖 释疑 〗这是分别的用语，用于口语中。类似的说法还有：
1 ) Bye ! 再见 !
2 ) Bye - bye ! 再见 !
3 ) See you tomorrow ! 明儿见 !
4 ) See you later ! 回头见 !
5 ) Good - bye ! 再见 !
9 . Here's your present . 这是给你的礼物。
〖 释疑 〗这是一个倒装句，在英语中以 here , there 等词开头的句子要倒装。如：
Here comes the bus . 公共汽车来了。
另外：主语若是人称代词时，主语和谓语动词的语序不变。如：
Here is it . 它在这儿。
Here you are . 给你。
10 . There was no time to think . 没时间考虑了。
〖 释疑 〗no 可以用 not any 代替。如：
I have no money with me . 我没带钱。
【 妙文赏析 】
补全短文
The students of Class Four didn't ______ any classes last Friday . They ______ to help the farmers ______ their work on the farm . They helped them ______ apples . Many students ______ glad to do it because it was ______ better than having class . Jim went there , ______ . They met ______ the school gate at 7 : 40 that morning . The farm is not ______ , so they went there by bus . All the ______ worked very hard .
答案： have , went , with , pick , were , much , too , at , near , students
【 思维体操 】
句型转换，每空一词。
1 . You have few friends here , ______ ? ( 反意疑问句 )
2 . The present is very nice . ( 改为感叹句 )
______ ______ the present is !
3 . My brother is seven years old . He can go to school . ( 用 enough 连成一句 )
My brother is ______ ______ ______ go to school .
4 . On my birthday she gave me a new watch . ( 同义句转换 )
On my birthday she gave ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ .
5 . She was happy when she heard the news . ( 同上 )
She was happy _____________ .
答案：1 . do you 2 . How nice 3 . old enough 4 . a new watch to me 5 . at the news
〖 思维 〗题1 few 表示否定，疑问部分用肯定形式。 题2感叹形容词，由 how 引导。 题3考查“年龄足够大”的短语。 题4双宾语位置的转化。 题5考查“听到消息”的介词短语。
三、智能显示
【 心中有数 】
单元语法发散思维
根据 Lesson 69 内容，补全对话，每空一词。
A：Hello , B . ( 1 ) ( 2 ) beautiful day !
B : Yes , it's beautiful , ( 3 ) it ?
A : I ( 4 ) you can ( 5 ) to my party next Sunday .
B : Party ? What party ?
A : It's my birthday , and I'm going to have a ( 6 ) . Didn't you know ?
B : ( 7 ) , I didn't .
A : Oh dear . I ( 8 ) ( 9 ) tell you . ( 10 ) you like to come ?
B : ( 11 ) . I would love to come . ( 12 ) a lot .
答案：1 . What 2 . a 3 . isn't 4 . hope 5 . come 6 . party 7 . No 8 . forgot 9 . to 10 . Would 11 . Sure 12 . Thanks
析：本题主要考查对课文的熟悉程度。
【 动手动脑 】
单元能力立体检测
选择正确译文
1 . 你愿意来参加聚会吗 ?
A . Did you like to come to the party ?
B . Would you like to come to the party ?
C . Would you like the party ?
2 . 谢谢你邀请我参加你们的聚会。
A . Thank you asking me to your party .
B . Thank you for ask me to your party .
C . Thanks a lot for asking me to your party .
3 . 喂，你好。请找一下小王。
A . Oh , hello . Look for Xiao Wang for me , please .
B . Oh , hello . I want to speak to Xiao Wang .
C . Oh , hello . May I speak to Xiao Wang , please ?
4 . 春季和夏季相比，我更喜欢夏季。
A . I like summer better than spring .
B . I don't like spring . I like summer .
C . I like summer best than spring .
5 . 农民们正忙着为来年做准备。
A . The farmers are getting ready for the next year .
B . The farmers are busy getting ready for the next year .
C . The farmers are ready for the next year .
答案：1 - 5 B C C A B
【 创新园地 】
填空题，每空一词。
1 . 请找 Ann 接电话。
May I ______ ______ Ann , please ?
2 . 多谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。
Thanks a lot ______ ______ me ______ your party .
3 . 但恐怕我要稍晚一点。
But I'm ______ I will be ______ ______ late .
4 . 希望你们过得愉快。
I hope you all ______ ______ ______ ______ .
5 . 我将给她捎个口信。
I'll ______ ______ the ______ .
( 请同学们把填好的答案反馈给我们 )
答案：1 . speak to 2 . for asking , to 3 . afraid , a little 4 . have a good time 5 . give her , message
【 同步题库 】
Unit 18
Ⅰ . 完形填空
阅读下面短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
There were ( 1 ) classes this afternoon . We ( 2 ) a party for ( 3 ) Day .
At about two o'clock in the afternoon , the party began . Two Young Pioneers hosted the party . They talked ( 4 ) the school life of the Young Pioneers . The students' parents also ( 5 ) . They told us to study harder . Then they ( 6 ) us a lot of gifts ( 礼物 ) . ( 7 ) , the teachers , students and parents sat around a table with a ( 8 ) , some oranges on it . We sang and danced . ( 9 ) had a good time . ( 10 ) interesting the party was !
1 . A . not some B . no C . no any D . not
2 . A . took B . gave C . had D . liked
3 . A . the Children's B . the Childrens' C . Children's D . the children
4 . A . on B . about C . with D . to
5 . A . said B . talked C . told D . spoke
6 . A . passed B . gave C . made D . kept
7 . A . Last B . At last C . First D . At first
8 . A . apple B . egg C . cake D . fish
9 . A . Every one B . All us C . All of we D . Everyone
10 . A . How B . What an C . How an D . What
Ⅱ . 交际训练
选择正确的交际用语，使对话意思完整、正确。
1 . - Would you like to come for dinner tonight ?
- ____ .
A . Yes , please B . Thank you , I'd love to
C . Yes , I want to D . Don't be so sure
2 . - Who is the woman ?
- ____ .
A . She is my aunt B . She is a teacher C . She is all right D . Her name is Mary
3 . - I'm sorry for being late , Mr Li .
- ____ .
A . All right B . That's right C . Not at all D . Never mind
4 . - ____ ?
- I'm looking for a shirt for myself .
A . Can you help me B . What can I do for you
C . What did you say D . What do you want to buy
5 . - ____ ?
- It's quite interesting .
A . How is the play like B . What do you think that play
C . How do you like the play D . How do you think of the play
6 . - What's your father ?
- ____ .
A . He's forty - five years old B . He's a scientist
C . He works very hard D . His name is Li Daming
Ⅲ . 短文改错
Every morning , Steve goes to work on train . 1 . ________
As he has a long Journey , he always buys newspaper . 2 . ________
This helps to make the time to pass more 3 . ________
quickly . A Wednesday morning , he turned to the 4 . ________
sports page . He wants to read the report on 5 . ________
an important football match his local ( 当地的 ) team won 6 . ________
the night before . The report was so interested that 7 . ________
he forgot to get off at his station , he only 8 . ________
found when he looked out of the window 9 . ________
and saw the sea . He got off on the next 10 . ________
station and had to wait a long time 11 . ________
for a train went back . Of course , he arrived 12 . ________
very later at the office . His boss was very 13 . ________
anger when he told him why he was late . 14 . ________
“Work is important than football . ”he shouted . 15 . ________
答案：Ⅰ . 1 . B 2 . C 3 . C 4 . B 5 . D 6 . B 7 . B 8 . C 9 . D 10 . A Ⅱ . 1 . B 2 . A 3 . D 4 . B 5 . C 6 . B Ⅲ . 1 . on 改为 by 2 . buys 后加上 a 3 . time 后 to 去掉 4 . found 后加上 this 5 . on 改为 at 11 . 12 . went 改为 to go 13 . later 改为 late 14 . anger 改为angry 15 . is 后加上 more
内容
教学目标
1.词汇
A.单词 birthday 生日，party聚会，tell告诉，feel感觉，laugh大笑doorbell门铃，sandwich三明治，plate盘子，candle蜡烛
B.词组have a party举行聚会，give…the message把这个信息给……
2.日常用语 1)It does’t matter.没关系。2) see you!=Good bye!再见！3) Thank you for asking me to …。谢谢你邀请我……。4) May I speak to …,please ?我找×××接电话。5)Here’s your present。这是给你的礼物。6)Happy birthday! 生日快乐。7)There is no time to …。没有时间做某事。
3.语法
在本单元我们将学习如何“邀请”和“应答”；如何“请求许可”和“应答”。请看例句：
邀请：1) Would you like to …? 2) I hope you can…
应答：1) Thanks a lot for…? 2) I would love to … 3) I’m very sorry, I can’t …
请求许可：1) May/ Could I speak to …, Please ? 2) Can I …?
应答：1) Certainly. 2) I’m afraid not. 3) sure. 4) No, you can’t.
教学重点与难点
1.sure一词的用法
1) 单独使用，可作肯定回答，相当于Certainly或Yes。例如：
①－Would you like to come ??/FONT>Sure。椖阍敢饫绰穑織当然愿意。
2)祈使句Be sure +动词不定式，可用于表示向对方提出强烈的要求，意为“务必”、“切望”。例如：
②Be sure to return it next week. 请务必下星期归还。
③Be sure to come again to Beijing.一定要再来北京。
3)be sure +动词不定式，表示说话人的一种推测或判断，可译为“一定”、“肯定”。例如：
④It’s sure to snow this afternoon.今天下午一定会下雪。
⑤The old woman is sure to live to ninety.那个老人肯定能活到九十岁。
4)be sure +of /about.表示主语，即人“相信”或“对……有把握”。例如：
⑥Mr Green is sure of his business.格林先生对自己的工作很有把握。
⑦I am sure of getting to the top.我自信能达到顶峰。
5)be sure +从句，表示“肯定”、“有把握”。例如：
⑧I am sure that my sister can skate well.我肯定我妹妹滑冰特棒。
⑨Are you sure he is living in Xi’an ?你肯定他就住在西安吗？
注：如果说“她一定会留下来”，英语有以下几种表达法。例如：
⑩She’s sure to stay here./I’m sure of her staying here./I’m sure that she will stay here./Surely she will stay here.
2.与right一起构成的句子的不同含义
1)That’s right.“对”，“很对”。例如：
①－Classes begin at 7:40, don’t they ? －Yes, that’s right.?－7:40开始上课，是吗？－对．
2)All right.“行”、“好（吧）”、“（病）好了”。例如：
②－Shall we go out for a walk ?－All right ．我们散步去好吗？－行。好。
3)That’s all right.“没关系”、“不用谢”。是向对方致谢或道歉时的礼貌用语。例如：
③－I’m sorry I have broken your pen.－That’s all right.
－对不起，我弄坏了你的钢笔．－没关系。
④－Thank you very much.－That’s all right.别客气。
3.afraid一词的用法
1)be afraid +动词不定式，表示不敢做某事。 2)be afraid of +动词?－ing，表示害怕出现某种结果。例如：
①I am afraid to get up late because I’m afraid of getting there late.
我不敢晚起床，因为我怕迟到。
2)I’m afraid +从句，往往相当于I’m sorry, but …，表示带有歉意的回绝，表示带有一种担忧。例如：
②I’m afraid I can’t go with you.=I’m sorry, but I can’t go with you.
抱歉，我恐怕不能和你一起去。
3)I’m afraid so与I’m afraid not常用作答语，前者表示肯定，后者表示否定。so和not相当于that从句。例如：
③－It is going to rain.?－Yes, I’m afraid so./Yes. I’m afraid that it is going to rain.－是的，恐怕是要下雨了。
④－Shall we play foot ball here ?－I’m afraid not. /I’m afraid that you mustn’t play football here.我们在这儿踢球行吗？－恐怕不行。
注：I’m afraid与I hope互为反义。例如：
⑤I’m afraid she won’t go there tomorrow.我担心/怕她明天不去那儿。
⑥I hope she won’t go there. 我希望她明天不去那儿。
4.so的用法
so是替代词，通常意义为“也如此”。
1)so +助动词/情态动词/连系运动+另一主语，表示另一主语与前面某人的动作或状态有着相同的肯定概念。例如：
①I am a student and so is she.我是个学生，她也是。
②They had a good time last night, so did I.昨晚他们玩得很愉快，我也是。
③He can swim and so can I.他会游泳，我也会。
2)so+人称代词（同一主语）+助动词/情态动词/连系动词，用以重述前文，以表示强调或赞同。例如：
④－This story is very interesting.－So it is.－这个故事很普通．－的确如此。
⑤－They study very hard. ?－So they do .－他们学习十分努力．－的确如此。
5. It’s a pleasure. 与with pleasure的区别。
△It’s a Pleasure./ A pleasure与You are welcome.等习语意义相同，用于当别人对你说Thank you. 时，即“不用谢”。例如：
－Thank you for coming to see me . －It’s a pleasure.－谢谢你来看我．－不用谢。
△With pleasure与All right, No problem. I’d like to等习语意义相同。用于别人求你做某事，你很乐意去做的时候。例如：
－Could you post the letter for me ? －With pleasure.
－你能否替我把这封信寄走？－愿意效劳。
注：简而言之，It’s a pleasure用于事情发生之后，而with pleasure用于事情发生之前。
同步练习
1.找出下列各组单词中划线部分发音不同的单词
1)( )A. happy B. fly C. July D. dry
2)( )A. English B. shine C. thank D. thing
3)( )A. reach B. child C. teacher D. school
4)( )A. above B. love C. strong D. son
5)( )A. count B. country C. young D. enough
6)( )A. weather B. heavy C. great D. ready
7)( )A. tooth B. foot C. book D. good
8)( )A. similar B. south C. sure D. bus
9)( )A. birthday B. yesterday C. today D. says
10)( )A. park B. warm C. party D. part
2.选择填空
1)－Your father isn’t a worker, is he ? － .
A. No, he is .
B. No, but my mother is
C. yes, but my mother is
D. yes, he isn’t
2)－Thank you for teaching us so well, Miss Gao. － .
A. Certainly
B. Right
C. All right
D. That’s all right.
3)－Where are you, lucy ?－I’m in the bedroom, and .
A. Lily is so
B. Lily so is
C. so is Lily
D. so Lily is
4) a great party ! delicious the cake is !
A. What, What
B. What, How
C. How, How
D. How, What
5)I get up very late this morning. There no time have breakfast.
A. was, to
B. had, to
C. was, for
D. is ,with
6)－May I use the bike, please ?－ , it’s not mine.
A. I’m afraid not
B. I’m afraid
C. I’m afraid so
D. I think so
7)－Lovely weather!－ .
A. Yes, you are all right
B. Yes, isn’t it ?
C. No, you are wrong
D. No, it is sunny.
8)－Hello, may I speak to Jim, please ?－ .
A. I am Jim
B. I am here.
C. This is Jim speaking
D. My name is Jim
9)－I’m sorry I’ve broken your pen. － .
A. Don’t say sorry
B. No
C. It does’t matter
D. It’s not true
10)－Could you take a message for me, please ?－ .
A. with pleasure
B. I’m glad
C. Thanks
D. It’s a pleasure
3.阅读理解
We drink tea every day. But more than three hundred years ago, most people in Europe did not know anything about tea. Some people had heard about it, but very few of them knew what to do about it.
There’s a story about an English sailor(海员) who went do countries in the east, the west and the south. He had been to India and China. One day he came home and brought some tea as a present for his mother. She told her friends about the present and asked them to a “tea-party”. When her friends came to the “tea-party”, the old woman brought out some tea leaves and asked them to eat. Of course, nobody liked the tea-leaves. At that time, the sailor came in. he looked at the table and said, “Mother, what have you done with the tea ?” “I boiled(煮)it as you said.”. “and what did you do with the water ?”“I threw it away, of course.” answerd the old woman. Now ,“you may throw away the leaves, too. ”Said the sailor.
1.The sailor gave his mother some as a present.
A. ships
B. tea
C. fish
D. money
2.The old woman asked her friends to a .
A. concert
B. dinner
C. film
D. tea party
3.The guests ate at the tea-party.
A. fish
B. apples
C. tea-leaves
D. bread
4.Everyone the tea-leaves.
A. enjoyed
B. liked
C. hated
D. wanted
5.The old woman kept the leaves but threw the away.
A. tea-leaves
B. cup
C. water
D. present
4.空形填空
The Pocket Money(零花钱)
Every week Peter and Linda 1 $5 from their parents. This money is their weekly pocket money. 2 is not a gift(礼物), Peter and Linda must work 3 the family then they can get the money. Peter 4 out the garbage(车库) and cleans the places around 5 .He should do it every day, 6 sometimes he forgets. Linda helps her mother 7 the cooking. She also washes the dishes(盘子)after meals. Peter and Linda 8 use their money for food. They use it for something they 9 . Sometimes they get to a park. Sometimes they buy books. They keep their money to buy something 10 .
1． A. have
B. find
C. get
D. borrow
2. A. It
B. They
C. Money
D. This
3. A. a
B. with
C. to
D. for
4. A. bring
B. brings
C. take
D. takes
5. A. house
B. a house
C. the house
D. houses
6. A. and
B. but
C. when
D. so
7. A. does
B. do
C. did
D. to doing
8. A. must
B. mustn’t
C. can
D. aren’t
9. A. are like
B. would like to
C. like
D. don’t like
10. A. delicious
B. older
C. different
D. dearer
答案
1. A B D C A C A C D B
2. B D C B A A B C C A
3. B D C C C
4. D A B D C B B B C C
科目 英语
年级 高二
文件 high2 unit18.doc
标题 Mainly Revision
章节 第十八单元
关键词
内容
一、教学目的和要求：
1．单词和词组：
fly(n.) L.69四会
in order that shout at L.71
waiter lay the table by accident L.69三会
cigar announcement track truth book(v.) charge L.70
extremely determine stupid permit prison couple L.71
Hank Stram Tina Max carrige in common L.70二会
get in touch with absence Frankfort Bonn turn up on one’s own
rush hour brake cyclist rude L.71
2．复习日常交际用语（Unit13-Unit17）
3．语法：复习第十三单元至第十七单元的语法项目
a）名词从句 Noun Clause（as an attribute）
b）定语从句 Attributive clauses（by/in which）
c）过去分词 Past participle（as an attribute, adverbial）
d）省略句 Ellipsis
e）名词从句 Noun Clauses（as Appositive）
二、重点与难点
L.69
1．There are thousands of jokes in English which have a “play on words”.
在英语里，有数以千计的“双关语”的笑话。
句中的play on words意为“俏皮话”，“双关语”，“文字游戏”。即利用英语音异义或一词多义的现象构成含义诙谐的语义双关的词语。这一词组也可以作动词短语，作“说俏皮话”，“做文字游戏”解。本课中的小对话就是例子。
例如：Customer：What’s this?
Waiter：It’s bean soup.
Customer：I don’t want to know what it’s been; I want to know what it is now.
顾客说的最后一句俏皮话，就是通过“bean”和“been”这二个同音异义的词表现出来的。因为“It’s bean soup”和“It’s been soup”听起来是一样的，实际上前句的句意为“这是豆汤”，而后句的句意则为“这原来是汤”。
2．Customer：What’s wrong with these eggs?
Waiter：Don’t ask me. sir, I only lay the table.
这段对话的意思是顾客向服务员提意见问道：“这些鸡蛋怎么了？”（也许味道不对，也许是坏鸡蛋）。而服务员却回答说：“别问我这个，（我也不知道怎么回事），我只是摆了桌了”。这一笑话的关键词是动词lay，这是个多意词，lay eggs是（鸡、鸭）生蛋的意思，而lay the table是摆桌子准备用餐的意思。
另外在交际用语中，表示“……怎么了”有多种方法，例如：“你怎么了”可以有以下几种：
What has happened to you?
What’s the trouble with you?
What’s wrong with you?
3．…Quite by accident. 纯属偶然。
“by accident”意为“碰巧”，“偶然地”，“意外地”，“非有意的”，类似的词组还有by chance，相当于accidentaly，例如：
I met her quite by accident/chance. 我遇到她完全是偶然的。
He failed the exam by accident. 他考试没通过纯属偶然。
L.70
1．Hank Stram was on vocation travelling through Europe by train with his two children.
汉克斯特拉姆正在与他的两个孩子乘火车作穿越欧洲的旅行。
句中的on vocation意思是“正在度假”，另外还可以用on holiday表示“正在度假”。除此之外，on还可以构成一些习语，如：
on business出差 on purpose有意
Our manager is away on holiday this week. 我们的经理本周休假。
He’s gone to Canada on business. 他去加拿大出差了。
The family are on holiday in France. 这一家人在法国度假呢！
2．He bought a coffee and as the train was travelling fast and moving from side to side, he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat.
他买了份咖啡。由于火车跑得快，左右摇晃，因此他决定在餐车里喝掉它，而不带回到座位上去。
a）句中的get a coffee意为“拿/买一份咖啡”。coffee作为物质名词时是不可数名词，例如：Latin American countries export coffee. 拉丁美洲国家出口咖啡。
如果指“一份咖啡”或“一杯咖啡”时，常用a coffee或a cup of coffee来表示。
b）from side to side的意思是：“晃来晃去”。句中的from…to…还可以组成很多词组，例如：
from time to time有时 from morning to (till) night从早到晚
from beginning to end自始至终 from head to foot从头到脚
from bad to worse每况愈下
In order to buy her husband a birthday present, she went to from shop to shop.
为了给她的丈夫买生日礼物，她转了一家又一家商店。
3．They found that they had a / of in common and get on well.
他们发现他们有许多共同之处而且相处得也很好。
a）句中的in common作“（和……）有共同之处”，“共用”解，例如：
Real friends should have everything in common. 真正的朋友应该是共享一切。
The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the neighborhood.
这个居民区所有的儿童共用这个游泳池。
另外，in common与介词with连用时，意思是“和……一样”。例如：
In common with many boys, he likes playing football. 和许多男孩子一样，他喜欢踢足球。
In common with you, he kept his mouth shut at the meeting yesterday.
他和你一样，在昨天的会上一音不发。
b）句中get on well为动词短语，作“（同……）相处得好”解，也可作“在……方面进展不错”解，与get along意思相近。例如：
How are you getting on with your classmates? 你和同学们相处得如何？
I’m getting on well in my new job. 我的工作情况进展不错。
We got on together like old friends. 我们相处得像与朋友一样。
4．Finally Hank and his friend gave each other their addresses and promised to get in touch again with each other when they both returned to the States.
最后，汉克和他的朋友互换了地址，并且保证回到美国后和对方联系。
句中的to get in touch with…是一个动作性动词词组，意思为“与……进行接触”，“和……取得联系”。如果表示状态，则用词组keep in touch with…，意思是“和……保持联系”。例如：
She was anxious to get in touch with you. 她渴望和你取得联系。
I’ve been trying to get in touch with you all afternoon. 我整个下午都在和你联系。
Have you kept in touch with him? 你仍和他保持联系吗？
For six months, the astronauts have kept in touch with the research centre on the earth by radio.
六个月来，宇航员们一直用无线电与地面上的研究中心保持联系。
*lose touch with…是“和……失去联系”的意思。例如：
I used to see him quite often but we have lost touch.
我以前常看见他，但现在我们相互失去了联系。
I don’t want to lose touch with you. 我不想和你失去联系。
5．He had gone through six carriges when he found he could go no further.
他走过了六节车厢，突然发现再也走不通了。
a）go through在句中的意思是“穿过”，这是一个十分活跃的动词短语，还可以作“审阅”，“检查”，“用完”，“经历（困难、痛苦等）”解。例如：
It’s quite dangerous to go through a forest alone. 一个人穿越森林是相当危险的。
They went through our luggages at the customs. 他们在海关检查了我们的行李。
Our tearchers are going through our papers in their office. 我们的老师正在办公室阅卷。
I went through all the money my parents gave me. 我花光了父母给我的钱。
My grandparents went through a lot during the war.
我的祖父母在战争期间经历了许多艰难痛苦。
b）注意when的用法。在此句中when意为“突然发生某事”，常常可译为“……正在……突然……”，这是when的固定句型及表达法，不可以用其它连词替代。例如：
I was just coming to see you when I ran into him. 我打算来看望你，突然又碰到他了。
I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我正准备离开突然下雨了。
c）句中的could go no further与could not go any further同义。例如：
I have visited the city no more since last summer.
I have not visited the city any more since last summer.
从去年夏天起，我再也没去过那个城市。
6．I’m going to see what Dad is up to. 我要去看看爸爸怎么了。
be up to是一个多义词组，需要根据上下文去理解。它可作“（打算）做……”，“（觉得）有条件做……”，“由（某人）决定……”解。例如：
They are very quiet. I wonder what they are up to there.
他们非常安静，真不知他们在那干什么呢。
Is she up to such an important job? 她能胜任如此重要的工作吗？
Whether he will take it or not is up to you. 他是否接受这个就看你的了。
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can. 应由我们来决定是否能尽我们所能地去帮助他们。
What have you been up to lately? 你近来在忙什么呢？
7．Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee. 两个小时端杯咖啡是够长的了。
a）复数名词作为一个整体看待时谓语动词用单数。例如：
Twenty dollars is too much for a child to spend a week.
一个星期花消20美元对小孩子来说多了点。
Three hours is not enough for them to complete the task.
对他们来说三个小时完成这项任务是不够的。
b）句中的take over作“拿过来”解，另外还可以作“接替（职务）”，“接管”解。例如：
I’ll take over his job while he is on holiday. 他度假时我将接替他的工作。
This large company has taken over many small ones. 这家大公司接管了许多小公司。
Was it in 1948 that the Government took over the railways in Britain?
大不列颠政府是在1948年接管铁路的吗？
8．She had gone through just a few carriages before she found herself at the front of the train.
她只走了几节车厢就发现自己已经来到列车的前部。
这里请注意句中连词before的译法，在此before作“（不多久）就……”解。例如：
He didn’t wait long before his father came back. 没等多久他爸爸就回来了。
It wasn’t long before he told us about the affair. 没多久他就把这事告诉了我们。
before在作连词用时，还可以作“……（之后）才……”解。例如：
It was a long time before I got to sleep again. 过了很长时间我才又入睡。
It was evening before we reached the little town. 天黑了我们才到达那小城。
It will be five years before we meet again. 五年以后我们才会再想见。
9．The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.
他留下话，你们应去那家旅馆，房间也已经给你们定好了。
a）句中的be to do sth.常常表示“应该做某事”或“按计划将做某事”，这是表示将来时间的一种结构，用于第二人称时，常含有转达别人指示的意思。例如：
you’re to go to the teachers’ office after school. 放学后你要去老师办公室。
We are to wait for her at the school gate. 我们要在校门口等她。
They’re to begin their experiment next week. 他们计划下周开始他们的试验。
另外，这一结构用于第三人称时，通常表示命令或指示，例如：
“The room is to be locked”. The manager said. 经理说，“这个房间要上锁”。
She’s to be back before ten. 她必须在十点以前回来。
b）此句中的book一词作动词用，意思为“订（票，房间，座位等）”。例如：
He had booked two seats on the plane from New York to London.
他已经预定了二张由纽约飞往伦敦的机票。
I believe it’s terribly crowded, so you’d have to book seats now.
我认为一定十分拥挤，你最好现在就预定座位。
与book构成的短语有：
book down登记，记帐 book in签到 book up订（车票，住处等）
10．The hotel paid the taxi driver and put the charge on their hotel bill.
旅馆给出租汽车司机付了款，并将费用记在他们的旅馆帐单上。
句中的charge是个多义词，在这里作“费用”解，除此之外，还可以作动词用，作“收（费）”，“索（价）”，“控告”，“指责”等解。例如：
What is the charge for a room? 租住一个房间的费用是多少？
There is no charge for the exhibition. 这个展览不收费（免费）。
How much do you charge for a haircut? 理个发要多少钱？
We don’t charge anything for this? 我们对此不收费。
Please charge these to my account. 请把这些记在我的帐上。
He was charged with stealing. 他被指控犯了偷窃罪。
L.71
1．But the hardest part was the interview. 但是最难的一关是面试。
句中的interview是名词，作“接见”，“会见”解，另外还可以作及物动词用。例如：
In the morning, I had three interviews. 早上我有三次会。
He refused to give any interviews to newspaper reporters. 他拒绝一切新闻记者的采访。
The film star interviewed the journalist one by one. 这位影星会见一个又一个的记者。
The manager said it was time to interview the staff members in his company.
经理说是该接见公司职员的时候了。
2．A yellow car passed me and suddenly stopped, as there was another car coming in the other direction.
一辆黄色的小汽车从我身边开过并且突然停了下来，因为对面正好有一辆车开过来了。
在英语中，表示动作的方向多用介词to或toward(s)，但如果用名词direction时，则用介词in，构成in…direction，意为“朝……方向”。例如：
In which direction does the river run? 这条河流向何方？
She hurried away in the opposite direction. 她匆匆忙忙地朝相反的方向走去。
The ship was sailing in the direction of Dalian. 轮船朝大连方向驶去。
3．I had to brake hard and I hit another cyclist. 我只好急刹车，撞到了另一位骑车人。
brake一词既可以作名词用也可以作动词，在此是作动词用的。例如：
The driver braked hard as the child ran onto the road in front of him.
那孩子跑到汽车前面的路上，司机猛踩刹车。（作动词用）
His brakes failed on a steep hill. 他的车闸在陡峭的山路上失灵了。（作名词用）
4．I cycled as fast as I could and saw that the driver in the yellow car was waiting at the red light.
我以最快的速度骑过去，看到黄轿车里的司机正在红灯的地方等着。
The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could.
面试进行得很顺利。我把我的经历告诉了公司，并且尽可能老老实实地回答了他们的问题。
在这两句中，均有由as…as引导的比较状语从句。“as+adv.+as+Subject+can/could”这一结构常可以用“as+adv.+as+possible”来代替，作“尽可能”，“尽量”解。例如：
I shall come to see you as often as I can (as often as possible)
我尽可能地经常过来看望你。
Please get them to finish it it as quick as possible. 请让他们尽快地完成这项工作。
5．I was still so angry I was determined to tell him what I thought of him.
我很生气，决心把我对他的看法告诉他。
a）此句是由so…(that)的句型引导出来表示结果的状语从句，其中的that省去了。口语常常可以省略。
b）(be) determine(d) to do sth.与make up one’s mind基本同义。例如：
He determined (was determined) to go there first. 他决定先去那儿。
I was determined not to follow his advice. 我下定决心不采纳他的建议。
Have they determined where the new school will be built?
他们决定在什么地方建新学校了吗？
6．I told him that he had knocked two people off their bicycles and had nearly caused a bad accident. 我告诉他他把两个人撞下了自行车，并且差一点儿造成一场事故。
a）此句中的knock off作“将……撞离……”解。例如：
He was so angry that he knocked all the books off the table.
他十分生气并将桌子上的书全都摔到了地上。
除此之外，knock off还作“停止工作”，“减（价）”，“扣掉”解。例如：
What time do you knock off? 你什么时候下班？
We have done enough for today. I think we’ll knock off.
我认为我们今天干得够多了，就到这儿吧。
I’ll knock you five pounds off if you buy two. 如果你买两个，我就给你减掉五英磅。
knock是一个比较活跃的动词，可以和许多介词、副词构成词组。如：
knock sb. down将某人打倒在地 knock at/on the door敲门 knock into sb.撞在某人身上
b）句中的cause作动词用，意为“引起”，“造成”。例如：
I hope you’ll forget all the unhappiness I’ve caused you.
希望你能忘记一切由我而引起的不愉快。
What caused his illness? 什么使他生病了？
The situation caused the serious concern to the Government.
当前的形势引起了政府的关注。
cause作名词用时，意为“起因”，“根源”，“理由（不可数）”。例如：
The cause of the fire was a cigarette end. 这场火灾的起因是烟头。
There is no cause for complaint. 没有什么可以抱怨的理由。
7．I seem to remember that the last time we met I did most of talking, so perhaps I should let you do the talking this time.
我似乎记得我们上次见面时，主要谈话的是我。因此这次也许该让你来讲话了。
句中的the last time引导出了一个状语从句。在英语中，一些名词词组可以充当连词，引导状语从句。例如：
The moment he spoke, we recognized his voice. 他一说话，我们就听出他的声音了。
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次进来时请关上门。
Don’t look up new words each time you meet them. 不要一遇到生单词就查字典。
8．I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude. 我很高兴，经理决定不因我曾经粗暴无理而生我的气。
句中由for having been so rude引导的短语作状语，说明angry的原因。由于动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，也就是说粗鲁的行为发生在经理之前，因此用完成形式having been来表示。例如：
He was sentenced to death for having killed a man.
他因为杀了人而被判了死刑。
He felt sorry for having wasted so much time.
他因过去浪费了太多的时间而感到遗憾。
She forgot having been taken abroad when she was a child.
她忘记当她还是个小孩子时曾去过国外。
三、同步测试
Ⅰ．选择最佳答案：
1．Here is my card. Let’s keep in .
A．relation B．touch C．connection D．friendship
2．I dislike the way he treats his students.
A．which B．by which C．／ D．on which
3．They are boys that they can’t do the work well.
A．so small B．so little C．such few D．such little
4．My father often asks how I at school with my classmates.
A．get on B．get down C．get off D．get up
5．-How long has this bookshop been in business?
- 1992.
A．After B．From C．Since D．In
6．-Why does Tod look so unhappy?
-He seems to .
A．to being scolded B．being scolded
C．to have scolded D．to have been scolded
7．It’s useless only about it.
A．talk B．talking C．talked D．to be talked
8．I still remember the many times he saved the wounded soldiers on the battle field.
A．where B．／ C．in which D．which
9．Who is it up whether to start the experiment or not?
A．to deciding B．to decide C．to to decide D．for to decide
10．When people talk about the cities of Japan, the first comes into mind is Tokyo.
A．of which B．that C．city D．one
11．The two words have something with each other.
A．in difference B．in ordinary C．in common D．in same
12．Can you lend me the book the other day?
A．about that you talked B．you talked about
C．which you talked D．that you talked
13．She hasn’t got enough to buy the computer.
A．that B．which C．for which D．with which
14．We think it important college students should master at least on foreign language.
A．that B．what C．whether D．what
15． I will accept the gift is none of your business.
A．What B．Whether C．If D．Which
16．He was born in Nanjing but studied in Beijing .
A．So did I B．So I did C．So was I D．So it is with me
17．What’s the for her anger? She’s usually not easy to get angry.
A．reason B．fact C．cause D．wrong
18．I was about to leave the telephone rang.
A．after B．while C．when D．before
19．The woman looks worried. She seems something.
A．having lost B．to be losing C．to have lost D．to lose
20．It was raining hard, caused the river to rise.
A．which B．as C．it D．that
Ⅱ．完型填空：
Two women came to Solomon with a hard problem.” This woman and I live in the same house. “explained one of them.” I gave 1 to a baby, and two days 2 , she bore a baby dead. But when I was 3 she put her dead child next to me and 4 my baby. As I got up and looked at the baby, I saw that it was not 5 .
6 this the other woman said, “No! The 7 child belongs to me.” The first woman answered, “No. The boy 8 is my son, not hers. “This was how the women 9 .
Solomon 10 for a sword, and, when it was 11 he said, “Cut the baby that is alive 12 half, and give each woman half of it.”
“No!” cried the first woman. “Please 13 put the child to death. Give it to her.” But the other woman said, “Don’t give it to 14 of us, go on and cut it.”
Finally Solomon spoke, “Don’t 15 the child! Give it to the first woman. She is the 16 mother.” Somomon knew this because the first woman loved the baby 17 much that she was ready to give it to the other woman. 18 this way the baby could be saved. When people heard how Solomon had 19 the problem they were glad to have such a 20 king.
1．A．food B．milk C．birth D．death
2．A．behind B．later C．before D．back
3．A．working B．sleeping C．dreaming D．lying
4．A．woke B．killed C．brought D．took
5．A．my B．her C．mine D．hers
6．A．At B．With C．On D．In
7．A．living B．alive C．lively D．lived
8．A．dying B．living C．death D．alive
9．A．quarrelled B．talked C．said D．fought
10．A．looked B．cared C．sent D．called
11．A．brought B．taken C．carried D．held
12．A．into B．in C．by D．onto
13．A．not B．not to C．won’t D．don’t
14．A．neither B．either C．both D．any
15．A．die B．beat C．murder D．kill
16．A．wrong B．real C．mistaken D．clever
17．A．too B．very C．that D．so
18．A．By B．Through C．In D．With
19．A．found B．grasped C．solved D．worked
20．A．wise B．brave C．cruel D．funny
Ⅲ．阅读理解：
（A）
Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they many become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.
1．What is the topic of the text?
A．Young thieves. B．An unusual illness.
C．Reasons for stealing. D．A normal child’s actions.
2．From the text we learn that small children .
A．have little control of themselves B．usually steal things but grow up honest
C．are usually kleptomaniacs D．like to give things away
3．Kleptomaniacs usually steal things that .
A．are valuable B．are unimportant
C．their friends like D．they themselves need
4．Which of the following words can best replace(替代) the word desire in the first sentence?
A．chance B．power C．right D．wish
（B）
Our neighbour asked my daughter what she put on her cat to make him smell so good, “Maybe it’s the perfume I use,” came the reply “The cat sleeps with his nose against my neck, so some of the scent must rub off on him.”
The next evening our neighbour was in a department store when she noticed a familiar fragrance(香味) in the air. Our neighbour liked shopping very much and always went to the same store. She asked the woman who had just walked by what perfume she was wearing. After learning the name, our neingbour said, over the heads of all in the crowded store. “It smells wonderful. My friend’s cat wears it.”
1．The cat smelled good because
A．the writer’s daughter put perfume on him B．the cat slept with the girl
C．the cat liked the smell of the perfume D．the cat wore perfume
2．Which of the following sentences does not keep to the topic?
A．Our neighbour asked my daughter what she put on her cat to make him smell so
good.
B．“It smells wonderful.”
C．She liked shopping very much and always went to the same store.
D．“My friend’s cat wears it.”
3．In the sentence “After learning the name,…” the world “name” refers to .
A．the lady’s name B．the name of the perfume
C．the name of the store D．the name of the cat
4．On hearing the neighbour’s words, the lady in the store would probably be .
A．happy B．angry C．worried D．proud
5．When the neighbour said, “It smells wonderful. My friend’s cat wears it.” she wanted to .
A．make fun of the lady B．make fun of the perfume
C．sound funny D．praise the perfume
Ⅳ．改错：
According to an old story, a farmer once found that 1．
a bag of corn had been stolen in his house. He went to 2．
the judge and told him his loss. The judge ordered that 3．
all the people of the farm must come before him. He 4．
took a number of sticks of equal long and gave one stick 5．
to every man. He then said, “Come here again tomorrow. I 6．
shall know who of you is the thief because the stick 7．
giving to the thief will be one inch longer than the 8．
others.” The next day a thief was found because he 9．
was afraid of being found out and cut an inch of his stick. 10．
参考答案：
Ⅰ．1-5 BCDAC 6-10 DBBCB 11-15 CBDAB 16-20 DCCCA
Ⅱ．1-5 CBBDC 6-10 AADAC 11-15 ABDBD 16─20 BDCCA
Ⅲ．（A）1-4 BABD （B）1-5 BCBBD
Ⅳ．1．√ 2．将in改为from 3．在him之后加about 4．去掉must
5．将long改为length 6．将every改为each 7．将who改为which
8．将giving改为given 9．将a改为the 10．将inch后的of改为off
科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit18.1.doc
标题 The Necklace (项链)
章节 第十八单元
关键词
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
四会单词和词组：recognize = recognize , ball , accept , invitation , after all , continue , call on , day and night , pay back , valuable , worth , at the most , not … any more , match , contain
三会单词和词组：scene , diamond , government , palace , pretty , happiness , exactly , steal , thief , description , belt , case , jewellery
Ⅱ. 交际英语
Shopping ( 购物 )
Some useful expressions :
1 . What can I do for you ?
2 . May/Can I help you ?
3. I want/I'd like…
4 . How much is it ?
5 . That's too expensive , I'm afraid .
6 . How many/much do you want ?
7 . What colour/size/kind do you want ?
8 . What colour do you prefer , black or blue ?
9 . Would you mind if I try this one on ?
10 . How much is it worth ? /How much do you charge ? /How much do you ask for it ? /How much shall I pay for it ?
交际示范：( 1 )
A : Good afternoon , sir . What can I do for you ?
B : I want to buy a birthday present for my son .
A : How old is your son ?
B : Fifteen years old .
A : This radio is very good , sir .
B : How much is it ?
A : It is worth ＄40 .
B : Oh , that's too expensive , I'm afraid .
A : Then what about this walkman ( 随身听 ) ? Many students like it very much . This is the most popular kind .
B : How much does it cost ?
A : It's only ＄25 .
B : OK . That's fine . I'll take it . I hope my son will like it .
( 2 )
A : Can I help you ?
B : Could you show me a cap ?
A : Certainly . What do you think of this one ?
B : I don't like the colour . Do you have any other colour ?
A : Yes . What about the brown one ?
B : Oh , it's lovely . Can I try it on ?
A : Of course . This is a very popular cap . What size do you take ?
B : I'm not quite sure . I don't know Chinese sizes .
A : This is a 59 . How does it fit ?
B : It looks good on me . How much is it ?
A : Eight yuan .
B : Here is 10 .
A : Here is your change . Shall I wrap ( 包 ) it up for you ?
B : No , thank you . I think I'll wear it .
Ⅲ. 语法学习
学习疑问词的直接引语和间接引语的9个关键点。
【指点迷津】
单元重点词汇点拨
1. worth 和 worthy 都是形容词，词义基本相同，“值得的”，但用法及搭配上却不相同。
〖点拨〗 worth “值得的”、“值得……的”，只能作表语，但不能单独作表语，其后必有连带成份才能成立。如：This book is worth . (错) This book is worth reading . (正)
(1) 其后接钱数或相当于代价的名词。如：
The necklace was worth 100 francs at most .
What / How much is it worth ?
It is worth much .
(2) 带及物动词的动名词的主动一般形式，若是不及物动词需加适当介词，但均表示被动意思，或者说所用动名词或动名词短语的逻辑宾语必须是 worth 的主语。如：
This film is worth seeing it . (错)
This film is worth being seen . (错)
This film is worth seeing . (正)
That picture is worth looking at . (正)
(3) 接 while 或 one's while 一起作表语。如：
Going / To go there is worth while .
(4) 句型：It is worth while doing / to do . sth . 此句型中，it 为形式主语代替动名词或不定式短语 doing / to do sth . 与(2)中的动名词不同，此时的动名词或不定式必须是完整的非谓语动词短语作主语。如：
It is worth while discussing / to discuss the question .
It is worth while looking at / to look at that picture .
〖点拨〗worthy “值得的……”，“高尚的”，“可尊敬的”、“相配的”等，可作表语也可作定语，作表语时其后也必须有连带成份。
(1) 加介词 of 短语。of 后可接名词(一般不接表示钱的名词)、代词和动名词的被动式。如：The watch was worthy of the chain .
He is worthy of his work .
This museum is worthy of a visit .
This novel is worthy of being remembered .
(2) 接不定式的被动式。
This question is worthy to be discussed .
(3) 放名词前作定语，worth 不能。如：Bethune is a worthy man .
〖点拨〗注意，汉语中说“很值得时”只能用 well worth / worthy 不能用其他副词。如：
This report is well worth listening to .
Her behaviour is well worthy of great praise .
2. steal (stole , stolen) 偷
When a thief was stealing corn , a passer-by caught him by the hand .
〖点拨〗steal sth from + sb (或者地点) 是“从……偷”。但是，rob sb of sth抢劫某人。
3. description描述
Please give me a brief / full description of the accident .
〖点拨〗beyond description无法形容，难以描述。如：The lady was beautiful beyond description .
4. jewellery = jewelery（总称）珠宝
She has a lot of jewellery .
〖点拨〗jewellery是不可数名词，可以借助piece来表达可数的概念。如：Some of my jewelry is missing .
单元词组思维运用
1. after all毕竟，到底；别忘了（该词组用语提醒对方或者表示转折）
Don’t be so hard on him . After all , he is only six years old .
I thought he would be against my plan , but he did his best to carry it out after all .
2. all these years这么多年
3. this once就这么一回；仅此一次
4. call on sb拜访某人。call at +地点是“去某地看看”。如：
So I called on you and asked if I could borrow some jewellery .
She always called at the doctor’s on the way to work .
另外，call on sb to do是“号召某人干……”。
5. bring out取出
I’d like you to bring them out .
6. try on试穿。但try out检验。
Never buy shoes without trying them on first .
7. have a very good time过得十分愉快
8. without luck真倒霉
9. be exactly like丝毫不差地像
10. day and night = night and day夜以继日地
11. pay back偿还；还钱
If you lent money from him , don’t forget to pay them back to him recently .
12. at most = at the most至多；充其量
The job will be finished in ten days at the most .
注意其反义词组是：at least = at the least
13. match A and / with B“把A和B配合”
Does this tie match with my suit ?
14. invite sb to + 地点“邀请某人去……”
15. the Lost and Found失物招领处
16. describe sth to sb向某人讲讲……
17. the entrance to / of …通向……的入口
18. live a hard life过着艰难的日子
19. set one’s mind to / on sth = set one’s heart to / on sth一心扑在……
Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it .
20. look back over / on回顾；回想过去。look forward to + 名词或者动名词“渴望……”。
21. from house to house挨家挨户
He went from house to house to pay New Year calls .
22. drink to为……干杯；为……祝福
They drink to each other’s health and wish each other good luck .
Let’s drink to your success .
注意：“为……的健康干杯”也可以用drink sb’s health
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1 . I was the only person in my office who was invited . 我是我的办公室里唯一的一个受邀请的人。
〖明晰〗当先行词前有 the only , the very , all , every , any , on 等修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用 that ( 这是相对 which 而言的 ) ，它在从句中作主语或宾语。但是，如果先行词指的是“人”，通常要用 who。例如：
Tom is the very man who I'm going to employ .
This watch is the same one that I'm looking for .
2 . You tried it on and it looked wonderful on you . 你戴上项链试了试，它戴在你身上好看极了。
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) try on 意为“试穿 ( 衣服、鞋等 ) ；试戴 ( 帽子、手套、首饰等 ) ”，on 为副词，若代词作其宾语，需置于 try 和 on 之间，如本句中的 tried it on。例如：
Please try on this pair of new shoes and see whether they fit you or not .
Here is a skirt . Try it on , Mary .
( 2 ) 该句中的两个 on 都有“穿、戴”之意，但是，第一个 on 是副词，第二个 on 是介词，其后要跟宾语。又如：
The foolish King had nothing on that day .
She had a beautiful hat on her head .
3 . It cost us thirty - six thousand francs . 它 ( 那条项链 ) 花了我们三万六千法郎。
〖明晰〗cost 意为“花费”，指花费金额、费用、时间、劳力等，不可用于被动语态，其主语是表示物或事的词。又如：
Such a difficult job costs a lot of time and effort .。
This dictionary cost me nearly 100 yuan .
当 cost 表示“价值多少钱”时，可与 be worth 换用。例如：
This pen costs ( = is worth ) 20 yuan .
另外，下面几个表达“某人花多少钱做某事”的句型很重要，也是常考点，需注意。
( 1 ) 主语 ( 物 ) + costs sb . + 钱 + to do sth .
( 2 ) 主语 ( 人 ) + pay + 钱 + for sth .
( 3 ) 主语 ( 人 ) + spend + 钱 + on sth .
( 4 ) It takes sb . + 钱 + to do sth . = It takes + 钱 + for sb . to do sth .
( 5 ) 主语 ( 人 ) + buy sth . for + 钱。
It will cost you ＄500 to repair the car .
I paid 1000 yuan for a secondhand computer .
Every month she spends one-third of her salary on books .
It took him a lot of money to buy her a new coat . = It took a lot of money for him to buy her a new coat .
He bought the bag for ＄20 .
4 . recognize与know
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) recognize “认出，辨认出；承认，认可；认识到”，建立在原来认识的基础
上。如：
She had changed so much that I could hardly recognize her .
They recognized this man without difficulty .
( 2 ) know 也有“认出，认识”之意，常和 from 连用，其含义为“辨认，区别”。
They're twins and it's almost impossible to know one from the other .
It is not always easy to know right from wrong .
注意：recognize 为短暂性动词，不能与延续的时间状语连用；如需表示长时期相识时，可用动词 know 取代 recognize .
5 . accept , receive与get
〖明晰〗( 1 ) accept “接受，答应”，主要表示主观上的同意接受，着重主语的态度。
He has accepted the doctor's advice to give up smoking .
( 2 ) receive , get 都可表示“收到”，强调客观，并不涉及主观上是否愿意接受。如：
Mary received/got a gift from a friend of hers , but she didn't seem to accept it .
6 . “拜访”：call at , call on , drop in ( on/at ) , visit , pay a visit ( to )
〖明晰〗( 1 ) call at 后接地点，表示到某处去拜访某人。如：
She asked him to call at Brown's Hotel to see her daughter .
You'd better call at his office .
( 2 ) call on 比较正式，后接人作宾语，指进行短暂的社交或公务关系的访问，有时也有 call upon。如：
After we moved into the new home , our neighbours came to call on us .
( 3 ) drop in 则一般表示非正式的走访，顺便拜访，事先不打招呼。如果后跟人，介词用 on ; 如果后跟地点，介词用 at。如：
He dropped in on us last Sunday .
Now and then they would drop in at the houses and chat with the workers .
( 4 ) visit 正式用语，可以表示进行时间较长的访问。既可指进行友好或社交性的访问，也可指因职务关系而进行的访问。如：
When does she visit you again ?
The doctor regularly visited her in the afternoon .
( 5 ) pay a visit ( to ) “对……进行访问；去看望……”，此处 visit 是名词，该词组与 visit 同义。如：
Perhaps we'll pay a visit to China from March 16 to 23 .
7 . pay back , pay for , pay off , pay out
〖明晰〗( 1 ) pay back“偿还，偿付；报复”。pay 本身即有“付清、付帐”的意思，加 back 后更强调“偿还”的意思。如：
It's high time he paid you back the money he owes you .
( 2 ) pay for “付款，偿付”。如：
How much did you pay for the recorder ?
( 3 ) pay off“还清债务，付掉”。如：
I'll pay off my debt with this check .
( 4 ) pay out“付出”。如：
They paid out ＄550 that month .
8. SEEC 高一册第18单元第69课有这样一个句子：
I'm sorry , but I don't think I know you .
该句的汉语译文是：对不起，我觉得我不认识你。不能译成：对不起，我不认为我认识
你。从译文可以看出，该句否定词 not 否定的不是 think 而是 know，这就是我们常说的
否定转移。
〖明晰〗
※ 从主句转移至从句。
(1) 从主句转移至 that ( that 可以省略 ) 引起的宾语从句。如：
I don't think that he'll accept your invitation . 我认为他不会接受你的邀请。
I don't believe he told a lie . 我相信他没有说谎。
(2) 从主句转移至 because 引起的原因状语从句。如：
He didn't go to see the movie because he liked it . 他不是因为喜欢那部影片才去看它的。
(3) 从主句转移至 as 引起的方式状语从句。如：
She didn't do her job as I had told her .
※ 以谓语为枢纽，在句子成分之间相互转移。从其它成分转移至谓语。
(1) 从主语转移至谓语。如：Nothing has happened .
(2) 从宾语转移至谓语。如：I know none of them .
※ 从谓语转移至其它成分。
(1) 部分否定时，从谓语转移至主语。如：All the necklaces were not made of diamond . 并非所有的项链都由钻石制成。
(2) 从谓语转移至状语。如：Don't go there so early .
(3) 从复合谓语的前半部分转移至后半部分。如：
The news doesn't seem to be true .
9. L . 69 ( P . 13 ) 中有：She married a man with a lot of money . ( 她嫁给了一位富翁。 ) 句中的 marry 一词，意为“与 ( 某人 ) 结婚；娶；嫁”。但它的用法及搭配远不止这些。
〖明晰〗 ※ marry vt . “与 ( 某人 ) 结婚”；“娶 ( 某人 ) 为妻”；“嫁给 ( 某人 ) ”。用于指配偶的情况，需要接宾语。如：
He is going to marry Miss Alice .
Mary married a Frenchman .
※ marry vi . “结婚”，只表示婚姻状况，常有副词修饰。如：
The doctor married late in life . 这医生结婚很晚。
The famous actress never married .
※ be ( get ) married to sb . “与……结婚”。表示已婚状态。如：
She was married to a foreigner .
Sharon has been married to Peter for 10 years .
※ be married 表示已婚状态，常与一段时间状语连用。如：
Will and Paula have been married for three years .
Lizzy , Gary and Bot are all married .
※ marry vt . “把某人嫁给……”或“给某人娶……”。如：
She has married all her daughters . 她已把她的女儿都嫁出去了。
Her parents want to marry her to a rich businessman . 她的父母要把她嫁给一个富商。
※ marry vt . ( 指牧师、官员等 ) “为……主婚。如：
Which priest is going to marry the couple of you ? 哪位牧师为你们俩主婚 ? An old friend married them . 一位老朋友为他们证婚。注意：
1 ) marry 作“嫁；娶”解时，为终止性动词，不可与表示一般时间的状语连用；若表示结婚有一段时间时，应用 be get married . 如：
When did she marry ? 应改为：When did she get married ?
2 ) 问现在的婚姻状态时，可说：Is she married ( a single ) ? 不可说：Has she marrie
d ? /Do you marry ? /Have you married ? 应改为：Are you married ? /Have you got married ?
3 ) 表示一个人何时结婚时应用：
- When were they married ?
- He was married in 1980 .
-When did you get married ?
-I got married in 1983 .
4 ) 表示“和某人结婚”，不可受汉语影响用 with，而用 to ; 也可什么介词都不用，但应注意句型搭配。如：
① She married with a doctor . ( × )
She married a doctor . ( √ )
② She was married with a doctor . ( × )
She was married to a doctor . ( √ )
【妙文赏析】
Guy De Maupassant (莫泊桑)
Maupassant was born in France in 18050. His parents separated when he was about six, and he went to live with his mother. At the age of thirteen , he was sent to school, but was forced(被迫) to leave there. He went to another school and there he was praised for an excellent poem(诗) he wrote. In this way he began his writing at an early age. During the Franco-Prussian War(普法战争), he had to give up writing. After the war, he went to Paris to look for a job which he hoped that would leave him free time to write. It was in Paris that he met one of the greatest writers, form whom he learned a great deal.
Though he found material(素材) for many stories while working as a clerk(职员), he found life in the office restricted( 受限制的) . After one of his stories was published, he left his office in order to spend full time writing. By the age of thirty-four, he became quite famous. During this time, he wrote some of his best-known works, including The Diamond Necklace, one of the most Famous short stories in the world.
1. From this passage we can see that ____.
A. Maupassant lived a happy life in his childhood
B. Maupassant's early life was not a happy one
C. Maupassant finished middle school at the age of thirteen
D. Maupassant begun to write poems before he was thirteen
2. During the was Maupassant ____ .
A. went to Paris B. joined the army
C. had to stop his writing D. met a great writer
3. Why did Maupassant leave the office?
A. Because the office work was too hard.
B. Because he wanted to spend his full time on writing.
C. Because he had already been a famous writer.
D. Because he didn't like working in offices.
4. Maupassant began his writing ____.
A. when he was young B. during the war
C. after the war D. when he was six
5. Which of the following is true?
A. It was not until 43 that he became famous.
B. Although one of his stories was published, he wouldn't give up his job as a clerk.
C. Maupassant was famous all over the world as a short story writer.
D. Working in the office did him no good.
八年级英语第十八单元Come to the party-八年级英语教案-英语教案,试题,论文,听力
内容
教学目标
1.词汇
A.单词 birthday 生日，party聚会，tell告诉，feel感觉，laugh大笑doorbell门铃，sandwich三明治，plate盘子，candle蜡烛
B.词组have a party举行聚会，give…the message把这个信息给……
2.日常用语 1)It does’t matter.没关系。2) see you!=Good bye!再见！3) Thank you for asking me to …。谢谢你邀请我……。4) May I speak to …,please ?我找×××接电话。5)Here’s your present。这是给你的礼物。6)Happy birthday! 生日快乐。7)There is no time to …。没有时间做某事。
3.语法
在本单元我们将学习如何“邀请”和“应答”；如何“请求许可”和“应答”。请看例句：
邀请：1) Would you like to …? 2) I hope you can…
应答：1) Thanks a lot for…? 2) I would love to … 3) I’m very sorry, I can’t …
请求许可：1) May/ Could I speak to …, Please ? 2) Can I …?
应答：1) Certainly. 2) I’m afraid not. 3) sure. 4) No, you can’t.
教学重点与难点
1.sure一词的用法
1) 单独使用，可作肯定回答，相当于Certainly或Yes。例如：
①－Would you like to come ??/FONT>Sure。你愿意来吗？当然愿意。
2)祈使句Be sure +动词不定式，可用于表示向对方提出强烈的要求，意为“务必”、“切望”。例如：
②Be sure to return it next week. 请务必下星期归还。
③Be sure to come again to Beijing.一定要再来北京。
3)be sure +动词不定式，表示说话人的一种推测或判断，可译为“一定”、“肯定”。例如：
④It’s sure to snow this afternoon.今天下午一定会下雪。
⑤The old woman is sure to live to ninety.那个老人肯定能活到九十岁。
4)be sure +of /about.表示主语，即人“相信”或“对……有把握”。例如：
⑥Mr Green is sure of his business.格林先生对自己的工作很有把握。
⑦I am sure of getting to the top.我自信能达到顶峰。
5)be sure +从句，表示“肯定”、“有把握”。例如：
⑧I am sure that my sister can skate well.我肯定我妹妹滑冰特棒。
⑨Are you sure he is living in Xi’an ?你肯定他就住在西安吗？
注：如果说“她一定会留下来”，英语有以下几种表达法。例如：
⑩She’s sure to stay here./I’m sure of her staying here./I’m sure that she will stay here./Surely she will stay here.
2.与right一起构成的句子的不同含义
1)That’s right.“对”，“很对”。例如：
①－Classes begin at 7:40, don’t they ? －Yes, that’s right.?－7:40开始上课，是吗？－对．
2)All right.“行”、“好（吧）”、“（病）好了”。例如：
②－Shall we go out for a walk ?－All right ．我们散步去好吗？－行。好。
3)That’s all right.“没关系”、“不用谢”。是向对方致谢或道歉时的`礼貌用语。例如：
③－I’m sorry I have broken your pen.－That’s all right.
－对不起，我弄坏了你的钢笔．－没关系。
④－Thank you very much.－That’s all right.别客气。
3.afraid一词的用法
1)be afraid +动词不定式，表示不敢做某事。 2)be afraid of +动词?－ing，表示害怕出现某种结果。例如：
①I am afraid to get up late because I’m afraid of getting there late.
我不敢晚起床，因为我怕迟到。
2)I’m afraid +从句，往往相当于I’m sorry, but …，表示带有歉意的回绝，表示带有一种担忧。例如：
②I’m afraid I can’t go with you.=I’m sorry, but I can’t go with you.
抱歉，我恐怕不能和你一起去。
3)I’m afraid so与I’m afraid not常用作答语，前者表示肯定，后者表示否定。so和not相当于that从句。例如：
③－It is going to rain.?－Yes, I’m afraid so./Yes. I’m afraid that it is going to rain.－是的，恐怕是要下雨了。
④－Shall we play foot ball here ?－I’m afraid not. /I’m afraid that you mustn’t play football here.我们在这儿踢球行吗？－恐怕不行。
注：I’m afraid与I hope互为反义。例如：
⑤I’m afraid she won’t go there tomorrow.我担心/怕她明天不去那儿。
⑥I hope she won’t go there. 我希望她明天不去那儿。
4.so的用法
so是替代词，通常意义为“也如此”。
1)so +助动词/情态动词/连系运动+另一主语，表示另一主语与前面某人的动作或状态有着相同的肯定概念。例如：
①I am a student and so is she.我是个学生，她也是。
②They had a good time last night, so did I.昨晚他们玩得很愉快，我也是。
③He can swim and so can I.他会游泳，我也会。
2)so+人称代词（同一主语）+助动词/情态动词/连系动词，用以重述前文，以表示强调或赞同。例如：
④－This story is very interesting.－So it is.－这个故事很普通．－的确如此。
⑤－They study very hard. ?－So they do .－他们学习十分努力．－的确如此。
5. It’s a pleasure. 与with pleasure的区别。
△It’s a Pleasure./ A pleasure与You are welcome.等习语意义相同，用于当别人对你说Thank you. 时，即“不用谢”。例如：
－Thank you for coming to see me . －It’s a pleasure.－谢谢你来看我．－不用谢。
△With pleasure与All right, No problem. I’d like to等习语意义相同。用于别人求你做某事，你很乐意去做的时候。例如：
－Could you post the letter for me ? －With pleasure.
－你能否替我把这封信寄走？－愿意效劳。
注：简而言之，It’s a pleasure用于事情发生之后，而with pleasure用于事情发生之前。
同步练习
1.找出下列各组单词中划线部分发音不同的单词
1)( )A. happy B. fly C. July D. dry
2)( )A. English B. shine C. thank D. thing
3)( )A. reach B. child C. teacher D. school
4)( )A. above B. love C. strong D. son
5)( )A. count B. country C. young D. enough
6)( )A. weather B. heavy C. great D. ready
7)( )A. tooth B. foot C. book D. good
8)( )A. similar B. south C. sure D. bus
9)( )A. birthday B. yesterday C. today D. says
10)( )A. park B. warm C. party D. part
2.选择填空
1)－Your father isn’t a worker, is he ? － .
A. No, he is .
B. No, but my mother is
C. yes, but my mother is
D. yes, he isn’t
2)－Thank you for teaching us so well, Miss Gao. － .
A. Certainly
B. Right
C. All right
D. That’s all right.
3)－Where are you, lucy ?－I’m in the bedroom, and .
A. Lily is so
B. Lily so is
C. so is Lily
D. so Lily is
4) a great party ! delicious the cake is !
A. What, What
B. What, How
C. How, How
D. How, What
5)I get up very late this morning. There no time have breakfast.
A. was, to
B. had, to
C. was, for
D. is ,with
6)－May I use the bike, please ?－ , it’s not mine.
A. I’m afraid not
B. I’m afraid
C. I’m afraid so
D. I think so
7)－Lovely weather!－ .
A. Yes, you are all right
B. Yes, isn’t it ?
C. No, you are wrong
D. No, it is sunny.
8)－Hello, may I speak to Jim, please ?－ .
A. I am Jim
B. I am here.
C. This is Jim speaking
D. My name is Jim
9)－I’m sorry I’ve broken your pen. － .
A. Don’t say sorry
B. No
C. It does’t matter
D. It’s not true
10)－Could you take a message for me, please ?－ .
A. with pleasure
B. I’m glad
C. Thanks
D. It’s a pleasure
3.阅读理解
We drink tea every day. But more than three hundred years ago, most people in Europe did not know anything about tea. Some people had heard about it, but very few of them knew what to do about it.
There’s a story about an English sailor(海员) who went do countries in the east, the west and the south. He had been to India and China. One day he came home and brought some tea as a present for his mother. She told her friends about the present and asked them to a “tea-party”. When her friends came to the “tea-party”, the old woman brought out some tea leaves and asked them to eat. Of course, nobody liked the tea-leaves. At that time, the sailor came in. he looked at the table and said, “Mother, what have you done with the tea ?” “I boiled(煮)it as you said.”. “and what did you do with the water ?”“I threw it away, of course.” answerd the old woman. Now ,“you may throw away the leaves, too. ”Said the sailor.
1.The sailor gave his mother some as a present.
A. ships
B. tea
C. fish
D. money
2.The old woman asked her friends to a .
A. concert
B. dinner
C. film
D. tea party
3.The guests ate at the tea-party.
A. fish
B. apples
C. tea-leaves
D. bread
4.Everyone the tea-leaves.
A. enjoyed
B. liked
C. hated
D. wanted
5.The old woman kept the leaves but threw the away.
A. tea-leaves
B. cup
C. water
D. present
4.空形填空
The Pocket Money(零花钱)
Every week Peter and Linda 1 $5 from their parents. This money is their weekly pocket money. 2 is not a gift(礼物), Peter and Linda must work 3 the family then they can get the money. Peter 4 out the garbage(车库) and cleans the places around 5 .He should do it every day, 6 sometimes he forgets. Linda helps her mother 7 the cooking. She also washes the dishes(盘子)after meals. Peter and Linda 8 use their money for food. They use it for something they 9 . Sometimes they get to a park. Sometimes they buy books. They keep their money to buy something 10 .
1． A. have
B. find
C. get
D. borrow
2. A. It
B. They
C. Money
D. This
3. A. a
B. with
C. to
D. for
4. A. bring
B. brings
C. take
D. takes
5. A. house
B. a house
C. the house
D. houses
6. A. and
B. but
C. when
D. so
7. A. does
B. do
C. did
D. to doing
8. A. must
B. mustn’t
C. can
D. aren’t
9. A. are like
B. would like to
C. like
D. don’t like
10. A. delicious
B. older
C. different
D. dearer
答案
1. A B D C A C A C D B
2. B D C B A A B C C A
3. B D C C C
4. D A B D C B B B C C
八年级英语第十八单元Come to the party_八年级英语教案-英语教案,试题,论文,听力
科目 英语
年级 高二
文件 high2 unit18.1.doc
标题 Mainly Revision ( 阶段复习)
章节 第十八单元
关键词 高二英语第十八单元
内容
【抛砖引玉】
在本单元，同学们通过阅读课文“We’ve Lost Our Dad !”和“Tell Him What you think of him !”，可以培养自己独立生活的能力和诚实的品德，克服粗心大意的毛病，同时还可以了解英语的幽默感。
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ.词汇学习
四会单词和词组：fly ( n .) , in order that , shout at , get in touch with , in common , turn up , rude , on one’s own , by accident , cigar , announcement , truth , book (v .) , charge , stupid , permit , prison , couple , district
三会单词和词组：waiter , lay the table , track , extremely , determine , carriage , absence , rush hour , brake , cyclist
Ⅱ. 交际英语
Expressing Feelings ( 表达感情 )
Some useful expressions：
A . Expressing anxiety
1 . What's wrong ? / What's the matter ( with you ) ? / Is there anything the matter ?
2 . Oh , what shall I / we do ?
3 . We were all anxious about…
B . Expressing surprise
1 . Really ? / Oh dear ? / Is that so ? / Good heavens !
2 . I can hardly believe my ears .
3 . My Goodness ! / Goodness !
C . Expressing pleasure
1 . I'm glad / pleased / happy to…
2 . That's nice / wonderful / great .
3 . Hopefully tomorrow will turn fine .
交际示范：
1） Expressing anxiety 表示焦虑
A : You seem to be worried about something . What's the matter ?
B : It's about Peter .
A : What's the matter with him ?
B : You know , we are supposed to ( 应该 ) do the work today , but he still hasn't got everything ready . And this is not the first time . How can we get things done if everyone works that way ?
A : I understand how you feel . I'll speak to him about it at once .
2） Expressing surprise 表示惊奇
A：Oh , dear ! What's the matter with you , young man ? You almost ride over me !
B : I'm very sorry , madam . I really didn't see you . Are you hurt ?
A : Well , thank Goodness , I'm not hurt .
B : Is that so ( Really ) ?
A : Yes . Good heavens ! Look at my new dress ! Today is my first wear .
B : I beg your pardon , madam .
A : For God's sake ( 看在上帝份上 ) , I'll let you pass . But do be careful next time ! It's really dangerous to ride so fast in the street .
3） Expressing pleasure 表示喜悦
A : What a nice dress ! Mary , you look beautiful today .
B : It's very kind of you to say so . You look beautiful , too ! Where did you get your lovely new hat ?
A : It's a birthday present from my sister .
B : Your sister has a very good taste ( 你姐姐真有眼力 ) . The hat is really beautiful .
A : Thank you for your compliments ( 夸奖 ) .
Ⅲ. 语法重点
学习not … until / till和复习句子的省略。特别要真正掌握not until型的强调表达和倒装表达。
【指点迷津】
not…until ( till ) 的四种句型
如果主句谓语动词是持续性动词，则主句常用肯定式，表示“直到……为止”，即：主句 ( 用肯定式 ) + until ( till ) 时间状语或状语从句。例如：
I worked until ( till ) he came back . 我工作到他回来为止。
I watched TV until ( till ) 10 o'clock . 我看电视一直到10点钟。
如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，则主句必须用否定式，译为“直到……才”，即：主句 ( 用否定式 ) + until ( till ) 时间状语或状语从句。例如：
I didn't go to bed until ( till ) he came back . 直到他回来我才睡觉。
I didn't go to bed until ( till ) 10 o'clock last night . 昨晚我直到10点钟才睡觉。
注意：用在句首时，一般只用 until 而不能用 till。例如：
Until I finished my homework , I didn't go to bed . 直到做完家庭作业我才睡觉。
Not + until 时间状语或状语从句 + 助动词 ( 常用 did ) + 主语 + 动词原形 ( 注：not 放在句首，故用部分倒装 ) 译为：“直到……才”。可以简化成：Not until…did + 主语。例如：
Not until I finished my homework did I go to bed last night .
I didn't go to bed until ( till ) 10 o'clock last night . 昨晚我直到10点钟才睡觉。
注意：用在句首时，一般只用 until 而不能用 till。例如：
Until I finished my homework , I didn't go to bed . 直到做完家庭作业我才睡觉。
Not + until 时间状语或状语从句 + 助动词 ( 常用 did ) + 主语 + 动词原形 ( 注：not 放在句首，故用部分倒装 ) 译为：“直到……才”。可以简化成：Not until…did + 主语。
Not until I finished my homework did I go to bed last night . 昨晚直到做完家庭作业我才睡觉。
Not until last week did he realize he was wrong . 直到上星期他才认识到他是错误的。
It was not + until 时间状语或状语从句 + that + 主句
( 注：此句型实际上是强调 not until 状语或状语从句。同学们应该记住：无论是强调时间、地点或原因状语，一般只用 that。这一点与定语从句不同，且此句型是陈述句语序，不用倒装。 ) 可以简化成句型：It was not until… + that . 例如：
It was not until I finished my homework that I went to bed . 是在做完作业之后我才去睡觉的。
It was not until last week that he realized he was wrong . 一直到上个星期他才认识到他是错误的。
【针对练习】
1 . It was not ____ she took off her glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star .
A . when ; that B . until ; that C . until ; when D . when ; then
2 . Not until the early years of 19th century ____ what heat is .
A . man did know B . man knew C . didn't man know D . did man know
3 . Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted .
A . didn't I realize B . did I realize C . I didn't realize D . I realized
4 . Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was .
A . did the villagers realize B . the villagers realized
C . the villagers did realize D . didn't the villagers realize
5 . It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began .
A . while B . which C . that D . since
答案：BDBAC
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元重点词汇点拨
1.fly苍蝇
This kind of disease is caused by flies .
〖点拨〗fly作动词的常见搭配有：fly nonstop from Shanghai to New York从上海直飞纽约。fly a kite放风筝。fly from从……逃亡。fly at攻击（不用被动语态）。let fly (at) 射击
2. absence不在；缺席
His absence from school was caused by illness . 他缺课是因为生病。
〖点拨〗absence为不可数名词，但是，在表达“一次缺席或者不在”时是可数名词。如：He made up a wonderful story to explain his several absences .
He returned after an absence of twenty minutes .
注意：absence的形容词是absent 。常见搭配有：during one’s absence某人不在时。be absent from school ( work , home ) 没上学（不上班，不在家）。
3. truth真相；实际情况
The whole truth has come out . 真相已水落石出。
〖点拨〗truth to tell you = to tell (you ) the truth说真的。这是个固定词组，在句中作状语。如：To tell you the truth , he stole books from the bookstore .
4. charge费用；价钱；索价
What are your charges for the room ? 住房费是多少 ？
The exhibition is open to the public without charge .
〖点拨〗charge sb + 钱 + for sth因……收费……。How much do you charge for …? ……多少钱 ？如：The hotel charged me 50 yuan for a room for the night .
How much do you charge for a haircut ?
5. determine决定；决心
We determine to buy a computer .
〖点拨〗be determined to do = make up one’s mind to do下决心干…… 。
6. permit许可；执照；营业证；允许
You can’t enter the research center without a permit .
〖点拨〗permit sb to do允许某人干……。permit doing允许干……。如：
We don’t permit smoking here .
注意：permit常用在独立主格结构中。如：Time permitting , we’ll have a meeting this evening . = If time permits , …
另外，注意permit的现在分词、过去式和过去分词要双写词尾：permitting , permitted 。
7. prison监狱
She was sentenced to two years in prison . 她被判两年徒刑。
〖点拨〗注意，当prison表示蹲监狱时，其前不用冠词。如：go to prison进监狱。be in prison住监狱。 break prison越狱。
〖误〗She has gone to prison for five months .
〖对〗She has been in prison for five months .
She went to prison five months ago .
8. couple夫妇；一对
They are a newly married couple .
〖点拨〗couple (侧重种类不同) ， 而 pair侧重一套和配对性。the couple作主语时其后的谓语可以用单数，这时把它看成一个整体。另外，a couple of可以表示“几个”。如：
The young couple seems / seem excited .
They keep / raise a couple of dogs . 他们养了几只狗。
单元词组思维运用
1. treat … as , consider … as , regard … as , look on / upon …as , take …as , think of…as 把……当作。如：
She looked on him as her best friend .
2. How did you find …？＝ What do you think of … ?你认为……怎么样 ？／你是如何发现的 ？
3. come back , be back , go back , get back回；归
He’ll go back after dinner .
4. on one’s own独自、靠自己。of one’s own属于自己的。如：
Can you carry your luggage on your own ?
I’d like to have a room of my own .
5. be angry about / at sth对某事生气。be angry with sb 。（be有时换作 get ）
6. this way这边走；这般；如此
She always works (in) this way .
Will you please come this way ?
7. lay / set the table摆桌子（准备吃饭）
8. by accident＝ by chance 意外地；偶然地
9. on vacation度假
“度假”还可以用：on holiday , have a vacation , have a holiday , take a vacation / holiday , on leave 。
10. from side to side左右。side by side肩并肩。from all sides从四面八方。
11. in common共用；有共同之处
They have a lot in common .
Has a balloon anything in common with a plane ?
In common with many young people , he prefers popular music .
12. get in touch with和……联系
They promised to get in touch again with each other when they both returned to the States .
注意：lose touch with和……失去联系。keep in touch with和……保持联系。keep in close touch with和……保持密切的联系。
13. for oneself自己亲自干…… ；为自己
He opened the window to see for himself .
by oneself独自地，of oneself自动地，in oneself本来；原来，to oneself专用。如：He has a room to himself .
14. or rather更确切地说
They knew , or rather thought that their father was on the same train .
We got home late last night , or rather , early this morning .
15. be up to sth在做某事；有能力做
What is he up to now ? = What is he busy in doing ?
He was not up to the work that had been given him .
注意：be up to sb由某人干……
It’s up to me to help you .
16. take time over sth花时间干……
Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee .
I usually take about half an hour over my breakfast .
How long are you going to take over the meeting ?
17. on one’s own独自；靠自己的力量
You have to make a decision on your own .
18. have a telephone message from从……接到一个电话通知
19. be to do准备干……
Who is to speak at the meeting ?
20. book … for订……
You have to book three seats for your journey .
21. put the charge on the bill把费用记在……的帐上
Please put the charge for electricity on my bill .
22. turn up出现；到场；露面；开大
She didn’t turn yesterday .
23. in public公开地；在大庭广众之下
注意在public前没有冠词。
24. in the rush hour在上下班高峰的时间
25. in the other direction在对面方向
注意：in the direction of朝……方向去。in the wrong direction , in the opposite direction , in all directions , in every direction 。
26. be determined to do决心干 ……
27. lay down放下
28. a danger to对……是危险的
Smoking is a danger to health .
29. be in time for及时地赶上
Do you think we can get there in time for the film ?
30. in surprise吃惊地
31. in silence默默地；沉默不语地
32. do the talking讲讲话
Last time we met I did most of the talking . 上次我们见面时，我说的最多。
33. take the lift (up) to乘电梯到……
Shall we take the lift up to the third floor ?
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1. Soon he got talking to another person who happened to be American too .
〖明晰〗get talking为 get + ing表示某种状态的变化，表示一个新动作的开始。get在这里已经是连系动词了。又如：
He warned his son not to get smoking .
She got caught by the police .
2. He had gone through six carriages when he found he could go no further .
She had gone through just a few carriages before she found herself at the front of the train .
〖明晰〗had + done … when / before sb + 过去式“刚……就；一当……便”。
We had stayed in the hotel for nearly an hour when / before word came that she had an accident .
另外，注意：had + done … when / before … 的倒装结构是：Hardly had …… 。如：
Hardly had she seen the snake when she gave out a cry of fear .
3. She found herself at the front of the train .
〖明晰〗find的复合结构有：find + 宾语 ＋ 介词短语（形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、不带to的不定式）。如：
I found the story moving . （形容词）
I found the snake moving from side to side . (现在分词)
I found the snake move that day . (不定式)
4. By that time Tina and Max were beginning to feel less anxious .
〖明晰〗begin用于进行时有“慢慢、逐渐”之意。如：
We are glad you are beginning to see the importance of English .
5. I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude .
〖明晰〗for having been so angry是作状语的，说明be angry的原因。having been是现在完成时，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。又如：
I don’t know remember having told you about it .
Jim was punished for having killed the dog .
She was sorry for having wasted so much time .
6. Now I joke and say to everyone that I dare tell my manager exactly what I think of him .
〖明晰〗这是一个复合句，that引导的宾语从句中又有what引出另一个作tell的宾语从句。另外，joke在本句是不及物动词，joke with sb about sth因……和某人开玩笑。
【妙文赏析】
岐义引起的误会
Three Feet
Dotty Aunt Muriel received a letter one morning and upon reading it burst into a flood of tears .
“What's the matter ?”asked her companion .
“Oh, dear ,”sobbed Auntie, “it's my favorite nephew, he's got three feet .”
“Three feet now ?”exclaimed her friend, “Surely that's not possible ?”
“Well, ”said Auntie, “his mother's just written to tell me he's grown another foot !”
三只脚
糊涂的穆丽尔婶婶一天早晨接到一封信，打开一看她不禁泪流满面，痛器失声。
“怎么回事？”她的同伴问。
“噢，天哪，”婶婶说，“我最喜欢的侄子长了三只脚！”
“三只脚？”她的朋友惊叫道。“这绝对不可能。”
“哎呀，”婶婶说，“她妈妈刚写信告诉我他又长了一只脚！”
注：foot有“脚，英尺”的意思。这里he's grown another foot 是“他又长了一英尺”的意思。
Where to Stick the Stamp ?
A very grand lady made her very first visit to a post office ─- previously one of her servants had always gone for her . And in she went to purchase a postage stamp . Gazing at the small gummed piece of paper she said haughtily to the clerk, “Have I got to stick this on myself ?”
“No, lady, ”came the reply. “You stick it on the envelope !”
把邮票贴在哪儿？
一位贵夫人头一次去邮局──在这以前是她的一个仆人替她干这些事。进去后她买了一张邮票，看着这小小带背胶的小纸块她傲慢地问邮务员：“我是否自己贴上这东西？”
“不，夫人，”邮务员回答说，“要贴在信封上。”
注：“Have I got to stick this on myself ?”有两个意思：1. “我得自己贴这东西吗？”；2. “我得把这东西贴在自己身上吗？”贵夫人指前者，邮务员指后者。
【思维体操】
One day , I went into the forest for an investigation ( 考察 ) with several African friends . On the way back , we saw a great group of ants get in our way . It was full two metres wide . The dark mass of ants gave out a loud rustling ( 沙沙的 ) sound as if a fine rain were falling . Some little animals , such as frogs , insects and so on , were eaten up on the way of the ants' moving . We also saw a big snake thick as an arm was tormented ( 折磨 ) to death by the ants .
I was about to rush across it when one of my African friends stopped me . He said , “This is that the ants are moving to another place . The ants of this kind are terrible . Once you are bitten by them , red spots ( 斑 ) will appear on your skin , which will make you itch ( 发痒 ) horribly . You also will have a high fever . ”I was afraid at his words . He said again , “We mustn't ask for trouble . ”So we had to wait for more than an hour . We didn't go on with our journey until they passed by .
1 . From the passage we can know the writer _______ .
A . is from Africa B . is from America
C . is a visitor D . is a scientist
2 . “a fine rain”here may mean _______ .
A . 好雨 B . 春雨 C . 细雨 D . 大雨
3 . One the way of the ants' moving , little animals ______ .
A . were all killed B . were all distroyed
C . were all driven away D . were all badly tormented
4 . Why was the writer stopped to rush across the group of the ants ? Because ________ by the ants .
A . he would be eaten up B . he would badly itch
C . he would be bitten D . he would be badly wounded
5 . Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?
A . Having An Investigation B . The Bad Ants In Africa
C . Ants Moving D . Ants Eating Little Animals
答案及简析：1 . D。从作者和几位非洲朋友去森林考察，可知作者不是非洲人，是从事考察的科学家。2 . C。可以想象到，只有在下细雨时，雨滴打在物体上会发出沙沙的声音。 3 . A。eat up 是“吃掉 ( 完 ) ”的意思，也意味着被杀光的意思。D项后没有 to death , 只意味着“被折磨”，而没有“死去”的意思。 4 . C。从故事的描述来看，人不可能被吃掉，只是被咬伤后引起其它的不适或病症。 5 . C。一篇故事的题目须体现故事的主题。这篇故事的主线是作者看到蚂蚁搬家时的情景，因此是故事的主题。
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
一、浅谈句子的省略
英语句子就其结构而言，可分为完全句和省略句两种形式。无论在口语中还是在书面语中，在不妨碍理解，不影响句子意义完整的条件下，可以省略一些结构词（即连词等），使句子简炼，结构紧凑，从而收到一定的修辞效果。
1 . 省略主语。
(I) Beg your pardon .
(You) Come to the front and act out the dialogue .
(It) Doesn't matter .
2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分。
(Is) Anything the matter?
I helped Tom more than John(did) .
John came in September but Bob(came) in October .
3. 省略宾语
“Do you know his girlfriend?”“No, I don't know (his girlfriend)”
Mary washed(the shirts), Jane ironed ( the shirts) , and Alice folded the shirts .
4. 省略主语和谓语（或谓语一部分）
只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成份。注：在时间、条件、让步和原因等状语从句中，如果主句主语和从句的主语相同，或者是it，从句中谓语动词又含有be的某一种形式时，这种主谓语省略更为常见。如：
Coral is not a plant but(it it\s) a variety of animal life .
“Do you like this TV play?”“Yes, (I like it) very much . ”
(It's a) Pity you couldn't come .
Unless(it is) necessary, we mustn't speak Chinese at the English evening .
5. 省略不定式中的动词，只保留不定式符号to。
“Will you come to dine with me?”“
“I'd like/love to (come to dine with you) . ”
注：单独使用动词不定式符号to，来代替整个动词不定式，主要是以下一些动词，expect, prefer, come mean, forget, want, wish, hope, try等。
6. 句子省略，只保留一个wh-疑问句。
He will come back, but I don't know when (he will come back) .
Before he could ask why (she wanted to stop), the woman was out of the car .
7. 关系代词省略
a)在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词常常被省略。 如：
This is the book (that/which) I read last week .
b)that引导的定语从句修饰day, time, way, distance, manner等表示时间、距离、方式、频度等意义的先行词时常被省略。如：
I arrived here the day(that) he left .
the way(that) people do things
8. 在以what, how开头的感叹句中，常省略句子的主语it和系动词be。如：
What a wonderful victory(it is) for me?
How funny (it is) to skate in winter!
9. 在独立主格结构中的being和having being可以省略。
The meeting (being) over, we all went home .
All the tickets(having being) sold out, we had to go again the next day .
10. 在一问一答的对话中，答话常用省略句。如：
“How long have you lived here?”“(I've lived here for) Five years . ”
“Where does your brother study?”“(He studies at) No . 4 Middle School . ”
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
一、翻译下列各句，注意利用本单元的知识要点
二、英译汉正误辨析十五例
1 . I haven ' t heard from her since she lived in Shanghai .
【误】自从她住在上海以来，我就没有收到她的信了。
【正】自从她离开上海以来，我就没有收到她的信了。
【析】在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，不管用的是瞬间动词或延续性动词，都是表示动作或状态的完成或结束。
2 . The film is not interesting and instructive .
【误】这部电影没有趣但有教育意义。
【正】这部电影有趣但没有教育意义。
【析】not . . . and . . . 连接两个对等成分表示部分否定，实际上是一种否定转移现象，常译成“……但不……”。这时 not 实际上是否定后面的部分，肯定 and 前面的部分。
3 . I ' m used to living in the countryside .
【误】我常常住在农村。
【正】我习惯住在农村。
【析】“be used to + 名词或动名词”，习惯于……，“used to + 动词原形”，过去常常……。如：I used to live in the countryside when I was small . 我小时候，常常住在乡下。
4 . The ship is in repair .
【误】船正在修理。
【正】船完好无损。
【析】船正在修理。可说 The ship is under repair .
5 . All of them cannot swim .
【误】他们都不会游泳。
【正】他们并不都会游泳。
【析】all , every , both 等与 not 连用，是“部分否定”，如：I don ' t like both ofthe novels . 这两本小说我并不都喜欢。Every one cannot make music . 不是每一个人都懂
音乐的。“全部否定”要用 no , none 等词，如：“他们都不会游泳”可说：None of them can swim .
6 . I have passed over this article .
【误】我已看过这篇文章。
【正】我已忽略这篇文章了。
【析】pass over 是“忽略”，“不注意”。“看过”可说 run over , look through等。
7 . The doctor is presently writing a book .
【误】大夫不久要写一本书。
【正】大夫现在在写书。
【析】presently 放在句首或句末，作“不久、很快”解，放在句中作“现在、目前”解。
8 . He was only too goad to help you .
【误】他只是太高兴了，不愿帮助你。
【正】他非常高兴帮助你。
【析】too… to …是“太……不能……”之意，但 only too = very，
所以，“only too … to”不是否定语气，而是加强了肯定语气。
9 . He never talks at table .
【误】他从来不在桌子旁边讲话。
【正】他吃饭时从来不讲话。
【析】at table = having a meal 或 during a meal , 作“进餐”解。在“桌子旁边”应是 at the table。
10 . There are many cookers in the kitchen .
【误】厨房里有许多炊事员。
【正】厨房里有许多炊具。
【析】cooker 是“炊具”，cook 是“炊事员”。
11 . I don ' t care if I go there .
【误】我不愿意去那里。
【正】我愿去那里。
【析】care 后接从句作“介意，计较”解。后跟不定式作“喜欢”解。“我不愿去那里”，要说 I don ' t care to go there .
12 . He is a most learned man .
【误】他是一个最有学问的人。
【正】他是一个很有学问的人。
【析】“a most … ”用来加强语气，作“非常、极其”解。有时 most 前不加
不定冠词。如：He is most polite to me . 他对我很有礼貌。
13 . Not a few of us failed in the exam .
【误】这次考试我们中没有几个不及格。
【正】这次考试我们中相当多人不及格。
【析】not a few = quite a few 作“不少，相当多”解。
14 . She seemed to be not a little afraid .
【误】她似乎一点也不。
【正】她似乎非常害怕。
【析】not a little 相当于 much，作“许多，很”解。
15 . There is no question of our leaving on such a rainy day .
【误】这样的下雨天我们动身是没有问题的。
【正】这样的下雨天我们才不会动身呢。
【析】“There ' s no question of ( one ' s ) doing = There ' s no possibility of … ”，意思是“……是不可能的”或“不必……”之意。
【创新园地】
请同学们用所提示的词语翻译下列各句，注意使用本单元关键的语言点：
1、他被关押已经5年了。(prison)
2、母亲允许我入团。(permit)
3、他医治病人分文不取。（charge）
4、多次缺课后，他发现很难听懂老师所讲的内容。（absence）
5、他决定要向她求婚（propose to）已经很久了。（determine）
（请同学们写好后把答案反馈给我们）
【创新园地】答案：1. He has been in prison for five years . / He went to prison five years ago . / It’s five years since he went to prison . / Five years has passed since he went to prison . 2. Mother permitted / allowed me to join the League . / I joined the League with the permission of Mother . / I joined the League with Mother’s permission . 3. He doctored the sick without charge . / He served his patients free of charge . 4. After many absences from school , he found it difficult for him to catch / follow what the teacher said . 5. For a long time he was determined to propose to her .
九年级上册英语第一单元知识点
I.重点词汇
Test----exam words----vocabulary
Excited----exciting amazing----surprising
sometimes----sometime----some times----some time
for example----such as----like begin with----to begin with
maybe----perhaps----probably affect----influence
problem----question
II.重点词组
1.ask…for… 2.speaking skills
3.ask…about… 4.not…at all
5.get excited about 6.end up
7.make mistakes 8.first of all
9.to begin with 10.later on
11.be afraid of 12.laugh at
13.make sentences 14.take notes
15.write down 16.make sure
17.deal with 18.look up
19.make up 20.worry about
21.be angry with 22.go by
23.each other 24.solve a problem
25.regard…as… 26.complain about
27.change…into… 28.try one’s best
29.with the help of 30.compare…to…
31.think about 32.break off
九年级上学期英语知识点
1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。
2.By: ①通过…..方式(途径)。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁边。例：by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car
④在……之前，到……为止。例：by October在10月前
⑤被 例：English is spoken by many people.
3.how与what的区别：
how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，通常用来做状语、表语。
what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。
①How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度 做表语)
②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.
③What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.
① What…think of…? How…like…?
② What…do with…? How…deal with…?
③ What…like about…? How…like…?
④ What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today?
⑤ What to do? How to do it?
e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book?
I don’t know what I should do with the matter.=I don’t know how I should deal with it.
What do you like about China?=How do you like China?
I don’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step?
㊣ What good / bad weather it is today!(weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a )
㊣ What a fine / bad day it is today! (day为可数名词，其前要加 a )
初三英语学习方法
一、【如何学好初三英语】：词汇
词汇是学好英语的关键，没有足够的词汇就无从谈起听、说、读、写。
词汇量的大小决定一个学生英语水平的高低。因此在初中阶段除要掌握《大纲》要求的800多词汇外，还要扩充500个左右的词汇。在学习词汇的过程中，要掌握词的拼读规则，根据规则记忆单词;同时还要根据构词法知识记忆和扩充单词，通过语境理解和记忆单词也是一个学习单词的好方法。目前词汇在中考试题中汉译英的试题越来越少，取而代之的是词汇在语境中的运用考查比重越来越大。在进入学习英语的初级阶段时，掌握语音知识是学好英语单词的基础，读准英语音素是拼读音标的前提。因此一定要熟练掌握48个音素，要做到会拼读、拼写。有些同学认为中考试题的笔试部分取消了对语音的考查，于是就其次，要注意训练自己听音、辨音和模仿的能力。课堂上，专心听老师的发音和磁带上的录音，争取当堂学会。对于那些比较拗口的单词、短语或句子，课下一定要挤时间反复模仿，直到读准、读熟为止。再次，熟练掌握读音规则，培养自己根据读音规则把字母(或字母组合)与读音建立起联系的能力。因为掌握拼读规则对单词的记忆很有好处。
二、【如何学好初三英语】：语法
语法是学好英语的基础，它是掌握英语的工具。在你掌握了一定的词汇量后，了解一些语法知识是非常必要的。选择填空是考查语法的一个重要题型。它可以通过选择的方式考查名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、连词、介词和数词等等。覆盖面较广。初中阶段所学的语法知识就是那么屈指可数的几个，反复练习过多遍，为什么到头来还是出错呢?这种一错再错的现象在学生中是普遍存在的，即某个题目在以前曾做错过，以后再次见到这个题，还是做不对甚至犯同样的错误。我觉得问题的关键在于没有彻底弄懂错误的原因或没有引起足够的重视。你应该把做错的每一道题，都要进行认真、仔细的分析和思考：错在哪里?是对该知识点不了解还是粗心大意所致?如何改正?怎样才能避免类似错误的发生?是否还有其它的解法?经过这一番反思之后，再把它们记录到“错题库”中去。以后再碰到类似题目就基本上可以杜绝错误的发生。尤其是那些易受思维定势影响的题目更应当这样去处理，否则就很容易重蹈覆辙。
时态学习是中国学生最为头疼是一项语法项目。因为中国人在语言的表达中只有时间的变化，而没有时态的概念，但英语中语言所表述的事情处在不同的时间，要用不同的时态，而且时态的关键表述在句子的谓语动词上。有时背起规则来很容易，但在句子的使用中却常常出现错误。要准确地掌握初中阶段的五个基本时态，重要的还是要在句子中多运用。
初三英语单元课件
Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
【学习目标】
学习生词 stamp n. 邮票；印章
掌握1a短语 掌握宾语从句的句型变化
【学习重点难点】
掌握宾语从句的句型变化X k B 1 . c o m
【学法指导】
复习—引入---听说—听力—巩固
【教学过程】
一、导入（启发探究 3分钟）
1．打扰了。请问去书店怎么走？
(1)Excuse me. Could you tell me to the bookshop?
(2)Excuse me. Could you tell me how the bookshop?
(3)Excuse me. Could you tell me how to the bookshop?
(4)Excuse me. Could you tell me the bookshop ?
(5)Excuse me. is the way to the bookshop, please?
(6)Excuse me. the bookshop, please?
(7)Excuse me. How can I get to the bookshop, please?
2、Where can you do the things below?
get some money get some magazines
have dinner get a dictionary
get some information about the town buy a newspaper
buy some stamps get a pair of shoes
二、自学（自主探究 6分钟）
拼读单词，牢记意思
restroom /restru:m/ n. （美）洗手间；公共厕所 p.17
stamp n. 邮票；印章 p.17
bookstore n. 书店 p.17
读记1a短语，明确含义
get some money get some magazines
have dinner get a dictionary
get some information about the town buy a newspaper
buy some stamps get a pair of shoes
完成1a任务
三、交流（合作探究 10分钟）
完成1b学习
听磁带一次，完成任务，同桌交流，核对答案。
再听磁带一次，填空。
Conversation l
Girl: Excuse me, could you tell me where I can buy some ?
Boy: Yes. There’s a post office on Center Street.
Girl: Oh, could you tell me how to get to Center Street?
Boy: Sure. You see that bank there?
Girl: Hmm…oh, yes.
Boy: Just go the bank and then right. The post office is on the right, to the library.
Girl: Thanks a lot!
Conversation 2
Boy: Excuse me, do you know where I can get a dictionary?
Girl: Sure. There’s a on Main Street.
Boy: Oh, could you please tell me how to get ?
Girl: Yes. Go along Center Street and then turn left on Main Street. Then you will see the bookstore on the side of the street.
Boy: Thanks! Do you know when the bookstore today?
Girl: I think it closes at 7:00 p.m. today.
听读材料，模仿语音语调、句群停顿。
朗读材料，勾画短语。
go past the bank turn right.
on the right, next to the library.
Thanks a lot! Could you please tell me how to get there?
Go along Center Street turn left
on the other side of the street.
Do you know when the bookstore closes today
it closes at 7:00 p.m. today.
完成1c任务
朗读1c的对话
新编对话并表演
四、总结（引深探究 15分钟）
宾语从句的句型变化
①．许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构是：主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
②. 带有宾语从句的`复合句的疑问形式一般是对主句进行变化。
I know he will come to my party.
→ Do you know he will come to my party. ?
→ I don’t know he will come to my party.
Lucy tells me that he likes the English teacher.
→Does Lucy tell you that he likes the English teacher?
→Lucy doesn’t tell me that he likes the English teacher.
③. 宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,
guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
我认为他不会来我的舞会。 I don’t think he will come to my party.
我认为他不喜欢英语老师。I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
（4）完成反意问句
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注： 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）
eg． I don't think you are right,are you
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they？
I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)
→ I don’t suppose they will come, will they ？
再如：
She doesn’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)
She doesn’t suppose they will come, does she ?
（5） 宾语从句的简化问题
对于含有宾语从句的复合句进行简化，即由复合句变成简单句，可以分为两种情况：
第一：如果主句的谓语动词是，ask,tell,hope,wish,decide,agree等，从句部分可以转化为动词不定式结构。例如：
I hope that I can receive your email(改为简单句) →
I hope to receive your email.
例：I don’t know what I should do next.
I con’t know what to do next.
He didn’t know where he would live.
He didn’t know where to live.
第二：有些以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，从句部分亦可以简化为动词不定式结构，即特殊疑问词+to do ,特别是当主句的谓语动词为know,ask,forget,remember,learn,tell,teach等。例如：
I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →
I don't know how to get to the hospital.
这类题也可以反过来做：
例如：Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） →
Lucy hasn't decided which trousers I will can buy.
五、练评（包含“考点链接” 应用探究 6分钟）
1、Excuse me. Can you tell me how ________ get to the cinema?
A. can I B. do I C. I can D. I do
2、Do you know _________?
A. where is the post office B. how can I get to the post office
C. which way can I choose D. how to get to the post office
3、Look! There are some boys _______ football on the playground.
A. are playing B. play C. playing D. played
4、Could you tell me how _______ (mend) the bike?
5、I don’t know what I shall do next. (改为简单句)
I don’t know ____________________ next.
6、I think if you want to buy a computer, you’d better __________ (取点钱).
______________ (集邮) is good for your growing.
Could you tell me _______________________(这儿是否有个邮局)?
I don’t know ______________________(从哪里买杂志？).
I _____________________ (买了一双鞋子) to Jim yesterday.
_____________________________(三楼有一家银行).
【教学反思】
