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novel同近义词
new，fresh，original，innovative，novel这五个单词都表示“新的”的'意思，它们的区别是：
1、new：属于普通用词，与old相对，指最近的或创新的。
2、fresh：这个单词指的是新鲜的、新做的，侧重创新。
3、original：这个单词特别强调独创性。
4、innovative：特指富有创新和革新精神。
5、novel：侧重强调新事物的新奇和独特。
A Novel Synthesis of N-Methyl-N-aryl Carbamates from Aromatic Amines and Dimethyl Carbonate Catalyzed by K2CO3/Bu4NBr
A facile synthesis of N-methyl-N-aryl carbamates from aromatic amines and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) has been achieved with high yields in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu4NBr) under solvent-free conditions.
作 者：Zhen Lu SHEN Xuan Zhen JIANG 作者单位：Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 刊 名：中国化学快报(英文版) ISTIC SCI英文刊名：CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS 年，卷(期)： 15(8) 分类号： 关键词：Carbamate aromatic amines dimethyl carbonate tetrabutylammonium bromideA Novel Onboard-gateway-based Mechanism to Improve TCP Performance in Aeronautical Satellite Networks
The IP-based networks on aircraft serve to support Internet services via satellites. However, in aeronautical satellite hybrid networks, the TCP protocol performance often deteriorates due to improper decreases and slow recovery of the congestion window. This paper proposes a window size determination and notification mechanism, onboard-gateway-based mechanism (OGBM), which is based on the onboard gateway in the networks on aircraft. A cross-layer approach is adopted by the onboard gateway to obtain the satellite link bandwidth information. And then, by the gateway, through changing the receiver's advertised window field in ACK packets, TCP sources are notified of the window size of each TCP source calculated on the ground of bandwidth delay product and flow numbers. The mechanism is able to avoid improper changes of TCP window and serve multiple users. Simulation results show that the mechanism with the fairness index close to 1 improves TCP performance in aeronautical satellite networks.
作 者：GU Ming ZHANG Jun 作者单位：School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China 刊 名：中国航空学报（英文版） ISTIC英文刊名：CHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS 年，卷(期)： 20(3) 分类号：V2 关键词：congestion control TCP gateway aeronautical satellite networkA Novel All-Optical Analog-to-Digital Converter
An all-optical analog-to-digital converter capable of sampling at 50GS/s is described. The ADC works in the frequency domain. The RF signal is sampled by electro-optically steerable gratings and quantized by a set of detectors with scalable apertures.
作 者：Xiaobo Hou Afshin Daryoush Warren Rosen 作者单位：ECE Department of Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., 7-411, PA 19104 刊 名：光学学报 ISTIC EI PKU英文刊名：ACTA OPTICA SINICA 年，卷(期)： 23(z1) 分类号：O4 关键词：Optical Nonlinearity in a Novel Optical Signal Regeneration System Based on Cross-Gain Modulation Using Cascaded Semicon
We propose a novel optical signal regeneration system based on wavelength converters by use of cross gain modulationin cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers. The nonlinearity in optical input/output characteristics and eye opening using NRZ signal were archived.
作 者：Hidekazu Takeda Hiroyuki Uenohara 作者单位：Microsystem Research Center, P&I Lab., Tokyo Tech., 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan 刊 名：光学学报 ISTIC EI PKU英文刊名：ACTA OPTICA SINICA 年，卷(期)：2003 23(z1) 分类号：O4 关键词：A Novel Approach for the Surface Modification of Polymeric Membrane with Phospholipid Polymer
A new economic and convenient method to modify the surface of microporous polypropylene (PP) membranes with phospholipid polymer was given.The process included the photo-irradiated graft polymerization of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and the ring-opening reaction of the grafted polyDMAEMA with 2-alkyloxy-2-oxide-1,3,2-dioxo- phospholanes (AOP).Four AOPs, whose alkyloxy groups consisted of dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octadecyl moieties, were used to convert the grafted polyDMAEMA to phospholipid polymers.FT-IR spectra confirmed the chemical change of membrane surface.Platelets adhesion experiment indicated that PP membrane with excellent blood compatible surface could be fabricated by this method.
作 者：Qing Wen DAI Zhi Kang XU Jian Wu 作者单位：Qing Wen DAI,Zhi Kang XU(Institute of Polymer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027)Jian Wu(Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027)
刊 名：中国化学快报(英文版) ISTIC SCI英文刊名：CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS 年，卷(期)： 15(8) 分类号： 关键词：Surface modification phospholipid polymer platelets adhesionNovel Technique for All-Optical Clock Extraction Using Fiber Bragg Gratings
We demonstrate a simple passive technique, using phase shifted fibre Bragg gratings, for extraction of optical clock signals from RZ optical data signals . The generation of an optical clock signal at 12.5 GHz from a 12.5 Gbs RZ optical data stream is experimentally demonstrated with simulation of optical clock extraction at 10 GHz fro m 40 Gbs OTDM data streams .
作 者：M. Attygalle B. Ashton A. Nirmalathas L. Poladian W. Padden 作者单位：M. Attygalle,A. Nirmalathas(Australian Photonics Cooperative Research Centre, Photonics Research Laboratory,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia)B. Ashton,L. Poladian,W. Padden(Optical Fibre Technology Centre, APCRC, University of Sydney, NSW 1430, Australia)
刊 名：光学学报 ISTIC EI PKU英文刊名：ACTA OPTICA SINICA 年，卷(期)： 23(z1) 分类号：O4 关键词：A Novel Method for the Selective Determination of Silver (I) Ion
Water-soluble CdSe quantum dots (QDs) capped by bovine serum albumin (BSA) is described as selective silver (I) ion probe based on their fluorescence (FL) quenched by silver ion at pH 5.7. The detection limit is 3×10-7 mol L-1 for silver ion. The interference was also investigated.
作 者：Jian Gong LIANG Hai Yan XIE Xin Ping AI Zhi Ke HE Dai Wen PANG 作者单位：College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 刊 名：中国化学快报(英文版) ISTIC SCI英文刊名：CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS 年，卷(期)： 15(11) 分类号： 关键词：Quantum dots silver(I) ion determinationA Novel Design of Efficient Multi-channel UART Controller Based on FPGA
In traditional universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) controller, the data transmission is inefficient and the data bus utilization ratio is low. A novel design is provided to solve these problems. The architecture of the system is introduced, the flow charts of data processing as well as the implementation state machine are also presented in detail. This paper is concluded by comparing the performance of this design, which is realized on field programmable gate array (FPGA) using Verilog hardware description language (HDL), with other traditional UART controllers.
作 者：HU Zhe ZHANG Jun LUO Xi-ling 作者单位：Department of Electronic Information Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China 刊 名：中国航空学报（英文版） ISTIC英文刊名：CHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS 年，卷(期)： 20(1) 分类号：V2 关键词：serial communication UART multi-channel FPGABubble performance of a novel dissolved air flotation(DAF) unit
Abstract：ES-DAF, a novel DAF with Iow cost, high reliability and easy controllability, was studied. Without a costly air saturator, ESDAF consists of an ejector and a static mixer between the pressure side and suction side of the recycle rotary pump. The bubble size distribution in this novel unit was studied in detail by using a newly developed CCD imagination through a microscope. Compared with MDAF under the same saturation pressure, ES-DAF can produce smaller bubble size and higher bubble volume concentration, especially in lower pressure. In addition, the bubble size decreases with the increase of reflux ratio or decrease of superficial air-water ratio. These results suggested that smaller bubbles will be formed when the initial number of nucleation sites increases by enhancing the turbulence intensity in the saturation system.作 者：CHEN Fu-tai PENG Feng-xian WU Xiao-qing LUAN Zhao-kun 作者单位：CHEN Fu-tai,WU Xiao-qing,LUAN Zhao-kun(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085, China)PENG Feng-xian(Changsha Vocational School of Environmental Technology, Changsha 410004,China)
期 刊：环境科学学报(英文版) ISTICSCI Journal：JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 年，卷(期)：, 16(1) 分类号：X703 Keywords：dissolved air flotation(DAF) bubble size distribution air saturation system CCD imaginationNovel algorithm for geomagnetic navigation
Abstract：To solve the highly nonlinear and non-Gaussian recursive state estimation problem in geomagnetic navigation, the unscented particle filter (UPF) was introduced to navigation system. The simulation indicates that geomagnetic navigation using UPF could complete the position estimation with large initial horizontal position errors. However, this navigation system could only provide the position information. To provide all the kinematics states estimation of aircraft, a novel autonomous navigation algorithm,named unscented particle and Kalman hybrid navigation algorithm (UPKHNA), was proposed for geomagnetic navigation. The UPKHNA used the output of UPF and barometric altimeter as position measurement, and employed the Kalman filter to estimate the kinematics states of aircraft. The simulation shows that geomagnetic navigation using UPKHNA could provide all the kinematics states estimation of aircraft continuously, and the horizontal positioning performance is better than that only using the UPF. 作者： Author： LI Ming-ming LU Hong-qian YIN Hang HUANG Xian-lin 作者单位： Center for Control Theory and Guidance Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China 期 刊： 中南大学学报（英文版） EISCI Journal： JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY(ENGLISH EDITION) 年，卷(期)： 2011, 18(3) 分类号： V249.32 Keywords： autonomous navigation geomagnetic navigation unscented particle filter Kalman filter kinematics state estimation 机标分类号： V44 P22 机标关键词： navigation system kinematics autonomous navigation the Kalman filter state estimation particle filter UPF performance initial However hybrid better novel 基金项目： The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China★ 面包可数吗
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