替换划线部分典型例题解析2

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今天小编就给大家整理了替换划线部分典型例题解析2(共含6篇),希望对大家的工作和学习有所帮助,欢迎阅读!同时,但愿您也能像本文投稿人“一级学R”一样,积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

替换划线部分典型例题解析2

篇1:替换划线部分典型例题解析2

替换划线部分典型例题解析(2)

选择与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的词或短语。

(1) Mike doesn't like science. He thinks it is less interesting than English.

A. as... as B. so... as

C. not so... asD. not very.., as

(2) The man doesn't want to change his mind be cause he thinks he's right.

A. way B. idea C. life    D. sound

(3) The runner couldn't catch up with the others in the race.

A. fell behind B. beat

C. ran faster thanD. was neck and neck with

(4) Study hard or you will fail in the maths exam.

A. get good results in B. drop

C. not pass D. miss

(5) Mother has gone shopping. She'll be back in a minute.

A. later B. very soon

C. on time D. at the moment

(分析)

(1)  less... than表示“……不及……”“……不如……”,as...as表示“……不象……那样……”.(2) change one's mind表示“改变某人的`主意”,此处mind不能理解为动词“介意”,故应选idea; (3) couldn't catch up with表示“赶不上……”,要注意到could用的是过去时态,ran faster than 表示“比……跑得快”,was neck and neck with表示“齐头比进”,故应选fell behind; (4) fail in表示“……不及格”drop表示“落下”,“放弃”,miss表示“错过”;(5) in a minute表示“片刻之后”later表示“以后”,在时间概念上不一定是很短时间之后,on time表示“准时”,at the moment表示“目前”,故应选very soon.

(答案)

(1) C  (2) B  (3) A  (4) C  (5) B

篇2:替换划线部分典型例题解析1

替换划线部分典型例题解析(1)

从各题所给的选项中选择一个与划线部分意思相同或相近的选项。

(1) Be quick! We must catch the early bus.

A. be in time for B. hold

C. have D. get on

(2) Tom was here just now. He may have gone to the reading room.

A. at the moment B. just then

C. a short time ago D. right away

(3) ―Hi, have you found your lost book?

―Not yet. I have looked for it everywhere, but I still haven't found it.

A. here and there B. somewhere

C. over there D. at those places

(4) Please hand me the book, John.

A. send   B. buy C. leave D. pass

(5) Mum has a bad headache. We have to send for the doctor at once.

A. ask the doctor to come B. find the doctor by ourselves

C. send the doctor awayD. go to the doctor's

(分析)

这几个题考查词义辨析. (1) catch的意思为“赶上”;而hold则为“抓住,握住”;get on则为“上(车,船飞机等)”;have的意思是“拥有”;in time的意思是“及时,准时”;故应选A. (2) just now的意思是“刚才”,而just then的意思是“那时”;at the moment为“此时,现在”;right away为“立即,马上”,故应选A. (3) everywhere的意思是“到处”;而somewhere 为“某处”;over there“在那儿”;at those place“在那地方”,故应选A. (4) hand的.意思是“递给”,而send的意思是“送”;buy则为“买”;leave的意思是“留下”;pass的意思为“传递”;应选D.  (5) send for的意思是“派人去请……”;ask the doctor to come 的意思是“请医生来”,send… away“送走”;go to me doctor's“去医生家(或疹所),故应选A.”

(答案)

(1) A  (2) C  (3) A  (4) D  (5) A

篇3:遗传和变异典型例题解析

遗传和变异典型例题解析

遗传和变异是高中牛物教材中的重点和难点.特别是分子生物学和以基因丁程为核心的生物科学技术更是高考的.热点和牛物命题取材的重要素材.所以做好本专题的复习显得尤为重要.“遗传的基本规律”和“伴性遗传”是位于常染色体上和性染色体上的基因在生物体产生有性生殖细胞(减数分裂)时所发生的规律,在学习过程中我们要理解等位基因的概念,基因型、表现型及二者的天系,知道三个基本规律的适用范围.

作 者:张梅  作者单位:三河二中,河北,三河,065200 刊 名:考试周刊 英文刊名:KAOSHI ZHOUKAN 年,卷(期): “”(22) 分类号:Q3 关键词: 

篇4:英语语法:过去将来时的典型例题解析

正如我们通常要在时间状语从句以及条件状语从句使用一般现在时代替一般将来时一样,如果在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,因语义的需要而使过去将来时,那么应改用一般过去时。如:

他说要是第二天下雨他们就待在家里。

误:He said they would stay at home if it would rain the next day.

正:He said they would stay at home if it rained the next day.

另外,当by the time后接一个句子起将状语从句时,其后的从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如下面是北京卷的一道高考题:

When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ______ up, her voice had been full of life.

A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang

分析:C。从逻辑上说,当我在电话里和奶奶聊天时,她的声音听起来很虚弱;但到我们要挂电话时,她的声音又充满朝气。从逻辑上说,应该是“奶奶的声音又充满朝气”在先,“我们挂断电话”在后,如果是反过来的话,那说话者就无法听知道“奶奶的声音又充满朝气”之回事了。所以“挂断电话”应用一般过去时。另外,由于by the time后接句子引导时间状语从句时,从句谓语通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时,所以选项D不能选。

过去将来时典型考题:

1. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?

A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed

分析:A。根据主句谓语动词predict(预计)的意思可知,从句应用过去将来时,即指预计将要发生某事。又如:

She predicted that the improvement would continue. 她预测情况将继续好转。

2. He didn’t sell half as many videos as he thought he ______.

A. had B. would C. was D. sold

分析:B。he would为he would sell之省略,为过去将来时,表示在当时看来将会出现的情况。句意为:他售出的录像带还不到他设想的一半。又如:

It’s curious (that) Billy hasn’t phoned when he promised he would. 比利答应要打电话来的,但一直没有打,这很反常。

篇5:高二英语05-06同步课程复习(一) 典型例题解析

高二英语

【例1】If you fail in the examination, never________.

A.lose your heart B.lose a heart

C.lose the heart D.lose heart

【答案】 D

【解析】学生容易给出的答案是A。这是受从句主语的影响。其实知识点必须建立在lose heart的本意上。Lose heart意思为“气馁”,不应在其前加冠词,也不必随主语在其前加上相应的形容词性的主代词。而答案中的lose one’s heart则有“钟情于……,爱上……”之意,显然不符题意,故应选D。

【例2】She continued _______ her books,

A.to write B.writing C.write D.A or B

【答案】D

【解析】此题考虑continue的用法,有些学生只知道A“continue to do”正确,不知道“continue doing”也可以,故选D。

【说明】除continue以外,intend、afford等词与不定式和动名词连用都是可以的。

【例3】He joined the Party in _______1940s when he was in _______twenties.

A.the ; the B.the ; his C./; the D./; his

【答案】B

【解析】大多数学生由于不细心,很容易把题中1940s误作1940,肉而导致第一个空不选,并进而得出答案D,造成的失误。表示年代后加s或’s,意为几十年代,前边必须有定冠词the.该题中还有一个小知识点,即在某人几十风时(二十、五十等),整十的数词要变成复数,如twenties, thirties。

【例4】The teacher sat at the desk _______.

A.think about something B.and thought something

C.thinking about something D.thought something

【答案】C

【例4】此题有的学生选A,这是错误的。并列句应用and连接,并将think改成thought才行,也就是and thought about/of。如果选B,则think为不及动动词,须改为and thought of/about 才可以。C是现在分词短语作sat at the desk 的状语。

【例5】________I know, he will be away for a week.

A.As long as B.So far C.So far as D.As soon as

【答案】C

【解析】 这个题首先要弄清各个答案的含义及其在句子的功能;as long as“跟……一样长”;so far“到现在为止”,不能引导从句。so far as “据……,就……”之意,后跟一个表示程度的状语从句,这时候as far as = as far as. as soon as“一……就……”引导时间状语从句。这样A、D意义上不符,B结构上不对,故应选C。其形式so far I know/as far as I can see就我所知(依我之见)之意。

【例6】Each year, millions of smokers die ______ smoking.

A.form B.by C.off D.for

【答案】A

【解析】其中先不能选的答案是off,不和die构成动词短语,而for和die搭配,不表原因而表目的;by和die搭配则指因暴力、凶器而死,而die from后接衰弱、不卫生、不注意、负伤等。

【答案】A

【解析】此题学生易答C leave表状态时不与不式连用,此题考查remain的用法。Remain=stay例如 I will remain to watch the match.

remain+adj. He remains careful and modest.

remain+p.p The situation remained unchanged

remain+to do (to be done) A lot of things remain to be done to stop pollution.

remain+n. He remains a businessman.

【例7】“Not all the people smoke” means;

A.Some people don’t smoke. B.All the people don’t smoke

C.A and B D.All the people smoke.

【答案】C

【解析】此题考查部分否定not all、all …not、some… not、every…not、both…not等等。部分学生只选A或B,all…not也是部分否定,A and B正确。

【例8】All _____they need is something ________them feel better at that moment.

A.that, to make B.which, no make

C.which, to made D.that, make

【答案】A

【解析】 此题的关键要弄清句子的结构,前一部分是定语从句修饰all不定代词,此时关系代词只能用that.

后一部分不定式作定语,后置定语修饰不定代词something,故选A。

【例9】误: It is a pleasure meet your.

正:It is pleasure to meet you.

不定式作真正的主语

另还可接that从句(主语从句),如:It is a pleasure that you are here.

但有时用this, that代替it,这时应是同位语从句,不是主语从句。

如:This is a pleasure that the girl could speak English.

另:It’s a pleasure. I will see you the next day.

有时谓语可用过去式was.如:

-Thank you for helping me.

-It was a pleasure.

口语中常用物主代词替换不定代词,并省略“It is/was”。如:

-Thanks for your help.

-My pleasure.

另:With pleasure。常用于回答Could you/Would you …?如:

-Could you post the important package for me?

-With pleasure.

此外用法中,pleasure前无冠词或物主代词。

【例10】The day they looked forward to ______.

A.come B.coming C.came D.comes

【答案】C

【分析】 如果不认真分析句子,就会把looked forward to 当谓语看待,而选B。但该句中they looked forward to是定词从句,修饰先行词to day由此可见句子缺少谓语,故C项正确。

【例11】误:He shook hand with me eagerly.

正:

(1)He shook hands with me eagerly.

(2)He shook me eagerly by the hand.

(3)He shook my hand eagerly.

(4)He has a handshake with me eagerly.

【解析】shake hands with意指“握双方的手”,“和……握手”;而shake sb. By the hand 或shake sb. ‘s hand,have/has a handshake with sb.仅指对方的手。

【例12】误:“Shall I help you?”“No, you shan’t.”

正:“Shall I help you” “No, thank you.”

【解析】回答由Shall I (we)…?Would(Will)you…?Could you…?表示征求意见的问语时,不用shall,will,(would),could作答。例如:Would you go there?回答时不用:Yes, I would. 而说:Yes, I will.回答:Could you help me with the suitcase?时,不用:Yes, I could.而说:Yes, I can.等等。

【例13】误:Shanghai is larger than any other city in Africa.

正:Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa.

【解析】学生在使用形容词、副词的比较级时,必须避免自身相比,有些学生一下就用than any other city。事实上,此题的考查对象只是“中国的城市与非洲的城市相比”,不属于同一范畴,不应用other来区分。

【例14】-When did the story happen?

-________.

A.Lately at night B.Later in night

C.Lately D.Later at night

【答案】D

【解析】首先要弄清lately副词,“最近”、“近来”之意,相当于recently。句子时态常用现在完成时。而later“较迟的”之意,故应在答案BD中选择。一般说at night或in the night所以答案应为D。

【例15】You should pay ______ attention to the sentence pattern.

A.especial B.special C.particular

【答案】B

【解析】学生多数选择A,这是错误的,这三个词语都有“特别”的意思,但又不同。

Particular 着重强调同类事物中某一个具有独特性质的事例。如:

It is an event of particular importance.这是一个特别重要的事。

Especial和special意思相同,着重指特殊的目的和用途。

expecial为书面语,口语中常用special,如:

Small children need special(especial)food.

especially,specially,particularly都是副词,especially常与从句连用。

specially常与不定式连用,强调“专门”、“专业”如:

The girl returned home, specially to see her sick mother.这女孩回家专程看望生病的母亲的。

The trees turn green especially when the strong wind and heavy rain is over.

【例16】It is sure that he will win the first place.

【解析】这是一个错误的句子,应改为It is certain that he win the first place.

此题要注意Sure和certain两个词的用法,两者的相同点是,否定句中两者意义相同,“确定的”、“无疑的”,例如:

(1)I am not sure/certain where I found it.

(2)Be sure of / about 与be certain of/about,都有“对……自信”、“有把握的判断。”如:

She is certain/sure of her success.

Be/sure/ certain to do sth.指说话人代表自己或者他人的推测口乞,主语不一定是人。She is sure/ certain to come.

The bird can be certain/ sure to fly.

含的certain 与sure 的句子都可转化成不同的句子。如:

He is sure to come=He will surely/certainly come.

It is certain that our group will win= Our group will certainly win.

Our group is sure/certain to win.

不同点:

(1)作定语时,表达的意义不同。

Certain“一定的”,“某种程度的”,相当于some,前加不定冠词,后接单数名词,和some差不多,但some前不加冠词。

He went to some place/ a certain place in Europe.

sure可作定语,但含有“可靠的”、“经过证实有效的”之意。

(2)作表语时,certain强调有充分证据,不容怀疑。Sure指主观上怀有愿望。

He is honest, I am certain he did not do it.

I am sure he will come this evening.

(3)be sure that从句结构中,主语保能是sb.不能是sth.。

be certain that you will yet there in time.

I am sure he will go.

I am certain he met me.

【例17】Before he died he was honored in a number of ways for his contribution to the film industry.

【解析】这是一个错误的句子,contribution须用复数,改成contributions。Contribute sb.(sth.) to sb.(sth.)

contribute to sb.(sth.)

give/make contributions to sb.(sth.)或give/make a contribution to

【例18】-Please don’t make a noise.

-_______.I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.

A.Yes, I won’t B.NO, I won’t

C.No, I will D.Yes, I will

【答案】B

【解析】回答祈使句时,用will 或won’t。因为反意疑问句用will you,该句可理解为Don’t make a noise, will you?A、C项是语法错误。D项跟前后文矛盾。

【例19】What a pity my new computer doesn’t work. _______must be something wrong with it.

A.It B.There C.This D.That

【答案】B

【解析】应该理解为There is something wrong with …句型,这样很容易找到正确答案。

【例20】Tom, _______sure to write to me soon.

A.is B.be C.are D.do

【答案】B

【解析】这道题应该选项前有逗号,说明Tom和后边句子并非主谓关系,应判断为祈使句“be sure to”意思是“一定要”。

【例21】Please tell me the way you thought of ______ the garden.

A.take care of B.to take care of

C.taking care of D.how to take care of

【答案】B

【解析】该题学生误解主要是依据of而确定答案的,自然而然就联想到名词或动名词。实际上“you thought to”是way的定语从句,“why”后面省略了关系词that或in which,后面应该用不定式短议事作目的的状语,因此答案应选B。

【例22】Many a student have made that mistake.(判断正误)

【答案】错误。

【解析】many 许多+名词复数,谓语动词用复数,如:

Many students have made that mistake. Many a+名词(单数)意义上等many+复数名词,但谓语动词用单数形式。

此句改为:Many a student has made that mistake.

【例23】The number of the people who _____cars______increasing.

A. owns; are B.own; is C.would be ;is D.own; are

【答案】B

【解析】 此题考查:(1)定语从句中谓语动词的数要与修饰的先行词一致,第一空和选D是错误的。

(2)主谓一致问题,不少学生见到number便认为谓语动词要用复数。要注意a number of, a great number of, a large number of 引起的句子作主语时,谓语动词单复数皆可。如:

A large number of students are form the U.S..

A large number of books is(are) lent from the library.

但the number of +名词复数作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

The number of the students in my school is 4000.

故此题答案为B。

【例24】On each side of the street _______ a lot of trees.

A.stands B.grow C.is standing D.are grwn

【答案】B

【解析】多数不生答A,这是错误的。此题强调on each side the street,主语a lot of trees与grow位置全部颠倒。这时尤其要注意的是,谓语动词的数要与后边的主语保持一致。故B正确。

【例25】John, together with two dogs. ________for having broken the rules.

A.was punished B.punish

C.were punished D.being punished

【答案】A

【解析】初看这题时,大多数学生选择C。但要注意英语与汉语不同。在together with,with, as well as 等连接并列主语时,谓语的动词的数要与前面主语一致,故A正确。

(1)He, as well as his parents, ________.

A.are going abroad B.is going abroad

C.are abroad D.is abroad going

(2)John, with some boys, ________.

A.leaves of Beijing B.leave of Beijing

C.leave Beijing D.is leaving to Beiing

根据上述原则,可知答案:(1)B (2)A

【例26】 He is the only one of the students who ______ criticised(批评)。

A.are B.is C.have D.has

【答案】B

【解析】大多数学生选择A,这是不对的。

注:此句定语从句,由于从句修饰的先行词前有the only,定语从句不是修饰“students”而是修饰“one”故从句谓语动词要与“one”保持一致。

【例27】Don’t’ lose _______, boys and girls. You’ll be ______ sooner or later if you work still harder.

A.hearts, unsuccessful B.your heart, succeeded

C.heart, successful D.your heart, successfully

【答案】C

【解析】 该题中的lose heart 是固定短语,不随主语给前边加形容词性物主代词,也不能变复数;同时,第二空根据意义理解应用形容词,句意须用successful,故答案应为C。

【例28】判断正误:我数学学得不好,她并不比我好。

(1)I am not good at maths and she is no better than I.

(2)I am not good at maths and see is not better than I.

【答案】(1)正确,(2)错误。

【解析】“no+比较级+than…”表示否定二者,意为“更不比……更……”;而“not+比较级+than”则是肯定一者,否定一者,意为“没有……”。

如:She is not stronger than I.她并不比我结实。

句(2)译为:我学数学不好,但我比她学得好。

(1)句意为:两个都不好。(2)句意为:我比她好。

【例29】判断正误:(1)A book is laying on the ground.

(2)A book is lying on the ground.

【答案】(1)错误,(2)正确

【解析】lie→lay→lain→lying躺、位于lay→laid→laid→laying放置、产卵

lie→lied→lied→lying说谎v.

句中lying是lie(位于)的现在分词形式,如:

Japan lies the east of Asia.

【例30】判断正误:(1)You ought to have told him about it the day before yesterday>

(2)The child ought not to have been allowed to go alone.

(3)You ought to be reading English articles now.

【答案】三个句子都是对的。

【解析】(1)句子是“ought to have+done”结构,表示“过去应该做的事而实际来做”。

(2)句是“ought not to have+done”结构,表示“本来应该做而做了”。

(3)句“ought to be+doing”(进行时结构)

三个句子意思分别为:(1)你前天就应该把这件事告诉他。

(2)本不应该让孩子一个人去的。

(3)你现在该读英语文章了。

【例31】判断正误:(1)Such persons as she is to be scolded.

(2)Such persons as she are to be scolded.

【答案】(1)句错误,(2)句正确。

【解析】因为as she 是定语从句作persons的定语,因此谓语动词的数与persons保持一致,要用复数。

【例32】判断正误:The ground was covered with falling leaves.

【答案】此句错误。

【解析】falling leaves“正在落的叶子”(表示正进行);fallen leaves落叶(表示完成)。应用fallen leaves.

如:developing country发展中国家,developed country 发达国家

boiled water 开水,boiling water正在开的水

【例33】这楼在一次大火中毁掉了。判断正误:

(1)The building was damaged in a big fire.

(2)The building was destroyed in a big fire.

【答案】(1)句错误;(2)句正确。

【解析】damage“损坏”,指局部的损坏,经过修整后可用,而destory则表示“毁坏”,指程度较重,无法修得。damage可作不可数名词,而destroy不能用作名词。

【例34】判断正误:

(1)In all there are probably no more than a total of 400 tigers left in China.

(2)Not more than twenty girls passed.

【解析】两句都是对的,但意义不同,这里要注意区分no more than和not more than。

在数量上进行比较时,no more than=only,作“仅仅”、“只有”解,有“少”意,not more than, 作“至多,不超过”解释,说明一个事实。

从程度上比较时,no more…than…有“两者都不”之意,not more…有“不及”之意。如:

The book is no more interesting than that book.

=Neither this book nor that book is interesting.

=The book is not interesting. Nor/Neither is that one.(两者都没有趣。)

但The books is not more interesting than that one.

=That book is more interesting than this book.(这部书不及那本书有趣。)

【例35】判断正误:(1)Do me favor to put on this shirt.

(2)Do me a favor to put on this shirt.

(3)Do a favor for me to put on this shirt.

【答案】(1)句错误;(2)、(3)句正确

【解析】favor 是句词,常见的词组有:do sb. a favor to do(或do sb. the favor to do) do a favor for sb. to do.

【例36】判断正误:It doesn’t seem to fit very well.

【答案】正确

【解析】(1)to fit very well 作真正主语

(2)fit(vi.)不及物动词

(3)seem to do, to do为不定式,有如下几种结构:

seem to do

seem to be doing

seem to have+p.p

seem to have been+p.p

seem to have been+doing

seem 除了接不定式外,还有以下几种用法:

1)seem+adj.(表语)

2)it seems that+从句(主语从句)

3)it seems /looks as if it is doing to snow.

【例37】判断正误:

My raincoat got caught in the door and the bottom button came off.

【答案】正确

【解析】“come off”此外意为“从……离开”;另有“下班”之意。

如:He came off the work.

另,come off 还有“举行,大获成功,实现”之意。如:

The conference will come off next.

The experiment came off this match.

【例38】判断正误:(1)It looks as if it is pure gold.

(2)Did he act as if he heart of it?

(3)He talked as if he had been there several times.

【答案】三个句子都是正确的。

【解析】(1)句是as if引导的表语从句]

表语从句多用虚拟语气

(2)、(3)句引导方式状语从句,动词有几种形式:

1)as is +从句(be用were)

2)as if+从句(用过去式)

3)as if+从句(had+p.p)

【例39】判断正误:No matter what you think, you must apologize her.

【答案】错误

【解析】apologize vi. 不及物动词

apologize to sb.(for sth.)或make an apology to sb. for sth.

如:I apologized to my teacher for my being late.

【例40】We have just heard a warning on the radio which a hurricane is likely to come.(改错)

【答案】应把which改成that.

【解析】这是一个同位语从句,说明前边的名词warning,不是定语从句,定语从句起修饰作用。

引导同位语从句的名词有fact, news, promise, idea, truth 等,属于名词性从句的一种,连接同位语从句的连接词用that不用which,连接副词有how, where, when, why等。

She asked the reason why there was a delay.

The news that be is going to our factory is true.

【例41】It will be over 100 years after the country begins once again to look as it did before.(改错)

【答案】after改为“before”,before意为“直到……才……”。

It will be a year before he can go to Canada.过一年后他才能去加拿大。

She finished writing his composition before he watched TV. 她写完作文才看电视。

【例42】判断正误:

(1)She married a man last year.

(2)The old man married his daughter to a worker.

(3)She got married three years ago.

(4)He has married for three years.

【答案】(1)、(2)、(3)正确,(4)句错误。

【解析】该题考查“marry”一词的用法。

(1)marry作及物动词,后直接加宾语。

如第一句marry sb.“嫁给某人,娶人为妻”

第二句marry sb. to sb.“将某人嫁给某人,让某人与某人结婚”

(2)作不及物动词,“结婚”。He married one year ago.

(3)注意:1)marry不与介词with连用(但名词marriage可与with连用),但可说get/be married to sb.

2)marry为短暂性动词,因此当用于完成时态时,不可与表示时间段的状语连用。如第4句可说He got married three years ago.

He has been married for three year. 不说He married for three years.

3)作不及物动词语时,marry后可加副词late, early, well等,表示婚期姻状况。如:Shang Li married late.

4)married可作形容词,除作表语外,还可作定语。

She has three marred children.

【例43】判断正误:The rest of work is to be finished the next day.

【答案】正确。

【解析】该题考查the rest of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数要与谁保持一致的问题,the rest of +不可数名词,work为不可数名词谓语动词用单数形式。

这里要注意正确使用意义一致原则。

【说明】意义一致又叫概念一致,当主语表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,表示复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。

some ,any, most, none, all,

more, half, the rest, part 这些词以及分数词作主语时,要根据意义一致原则确定谓语动词的单复数形式。

如:All are silent , so the meeting hasn’t improved.(all 指人,用复数)

All has been done well, so the work is finished ahead of time.(all 指工作,用单数)

此句中的the rest of+单数→单数(谓语)

the rest of+复数→复数

【例44】判断正误:Jack had his money steal in the library.

【答案】该句错误。把steal改成stolen。

【解析】该句考查“have”(“叫,让,派”)的用法

have sth. done表示“某事已做了”。

(1)表示主语有意识地让别人做某事。

I have my temperature taken in the hospital.

(2)宾语动作发出者不是主语

When I climbed up the mountain, I had my leg hurt.

(3)这种结构,可以表示句子的主语可能参与完成的某件事。

We had had your food prepared.这种结构的否定式表示“不允许”,如:

We won’t have anything said against the Party.

除了have sth. done,还可说get sth. done. Done过去分词作宾语补足语。

另have的常见的几种结构要注意:

1)have sb. do sth. “让人做某事”

Jane will have him call a taxi fro her.

2)have sb.done “使某人被感受……”

I’d love to have him educated in Japan.

If you don’t observe the rules, I’ll have you fired.

3)have sb. doing sth.“使某人主动地去做,或通过一些手段使之愿做”

She told us the story to have all of us laughing.

4)have sth. doing“让某事发生”

He had his car waiting for us.

5)have sth. to do(不定式作定语)

She has an important thing to do. 这种结构中的不定式和它修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以不定式短语中的动词要使用及物动词,短语动词,有时要加有关介词。

We have nothing to worry about.

6)have sth. to be done“使某事得以完成”

Do you have any clothes to be washed?

【例45】The paths were difficult _______especially at night.

A.walk to be on B.to walk

C.to walk on D.walking

【答案】C

【解析】有的学生根据句意选A、B,这是错误的。此句中的不定式to walk on 在句子中作状语,这种动词不定式作状语时和主语有动宾关系。注意结尾介词的使用。

The picture is beautiful to look at.

Water is fit to drink.

这时句子的不定多要用主动结构表示被动意义,不用被动结构。故C正确。

【例46】For centuries travelers have returned from abroad with seeds and young plants to add to the centre’s collection.

【解析】此句中的with seeds and young plants to add to the …为“with +n. +to do …结构”

除了这种结构还有下面这些结构。要注意归纳。

With+n. +prep.短语

如:She came into the room with a ruler in his hands.

With+n.+p.p

She had to go home on foot with money stolen.

With+n.+adv.

She often goes to do morning exercise with children outside.

【例47】判断正误:

(1)As a young man, he was a leader.

(2)My home town is no longer the same as it was.

(3)As is well known, she is honest.

【答案】三个句子都是正确的。

【解析】这三个句子主要考查“as”的用法。As在英语中是较活跃的一个词,可作连词,介词和代词等。

as 作连词引导从句,如(1)句as引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,不是介词,后省略As he was.

As 除了表示时间外,还可引导下列从句:

As he was ill, he could not go there.(原因)

He raised his voice so as to be heard by his students.(目的)

You must do it as I tell you.(方式)

Young as he is, he knows a lot.(让步)

The work is as easy as I think.(比较)

I have never seen such persons as John and Mary. (定语)

(2)、(3)句中as作代词,2)句中the same as像……一样,(3)句中as关系代词代表后面主句表达的整个内容,句子中作主语。

【例48】Hurry up, we are going to set off.(改错)

【答案】be going to 改为be about to

【解析】be going to 在时间上指不久的将来,可以加上时间状语来修饰,有“打算”之意。

be about to 指最近的将来,不可加时间状语,有“马上出发”之意。

【例49】判断正误:

(1)We have produced much more color TV sets since 1990.

(2)The business man will earn many money the next year.

【答案】(1)句错误 (2)句错误

【解析】这两个句子主要是考查many more, much more 的区别,两者都作定语,但many more用修饰可数名词,much more修饰不可数名词,所以第2句中的many more改成much more,第1句中的much 改成many more.

另:much more短语作形容词词组用时,它在句子中可作表语,不论其句子主语是可数名词还是不可数名词,但many more不能这么用。如:Water there is much more.

much more 可用来修饰多音节的形容词,如:This bike is more beautiful than that one.

二者都可作代词用,在句子中可作主语,宾语,但many more代表可数句词much more代表不可数名词。如:Some people for the suggestion, but many more as against it.

篇6:新目标英语七年级上册学案及典型例题Unit 2 Is this your pencil?

教学目标与要求

一、串记口诀

学习用品名称词

book书 pen钢笔, bag书包装文具

pencil-case铅笔盒,pencil译铅笔。

Eraser橡皮擦,ruler汉语译直尺。

keyboard译键盘,computer计算机。

mouse汉语译鼠标,map地图找位置。

Sharpener钢笔刀,box盒子装东西。

二、学习目标

同学们应能熟练运用动词be的一般疑问句及答语,并了解动词be的否定形式;掌握不定冠词a, an的用法;在指示远近上区分this和that。

三、能力目标

1.学会表达“归谁所有(Identifying possesions)”这一交际功能,在所学语言范围内对此进行交际的能力。

2.培养看图写话、看图填空等笔头运用的能力。

3.逐步掌握听力技能。听力作为接受性技能(receptive skills)不容忽视。

教学重点与难点

一、单词导航台

1.backpack

n. 双肩背包

【记忆法】back(后背)+pack(背包)

2.baseball

n. 垒球

【记忆法】base(出发点)+ball(球)

3.computer

n. 电子计算机

【记忆法】compute+r(后缀),compute译为“计算,估计”。

【引申】PC个人电脑;mouse鼠标。

4.dictionary

n. 词典,字典

【引申】encyclopedia百科全书;lexicon词典。

5.game

n. 游戏,运动:play game做游戏;sports competition运动会。

【考点】辨析game和sport的用法:game指户内或户外的“游戏,比赛”,脑力的或体力的皆可,且有一定规则,要求参加者遵守;而sport只指“户外运动”,是娱乐性的或竞赛性的体育活动项目。

【引申】同义词:amusement, competition, match。Game cock斗鸡;(gambler)赌徒。

6.how/hau/

adv. ①怎样,用何方法;②多么,何等

【考点】how far多远:How far is it? 那有多远?how long多久:How long does the film last? 这场电影放映多久?how many多少:How many books do you have? 你有多少书?how much多少:How much does the skirt cost? 这条裙子多少钱?How old几岁:How old are you? 你多大了?how soon多久之后:How soon can you be ready? How about…怎么样,……行吗(后接名词或动名词):How about going for a walk?

7.key/ki:/

n. ①钥匙;②答案;③关键:the key to success成功的秘诀

【引申】key money保证金;keyboard键盘;keypunch打孔机。

8.notebook

n. 笔记本

9.ruler

n. ①统治者:a wise ruler英明的统治者;②尺,直尺:a 50-centimeter 50厘米长的尺子。

【记忆法】rule(规则)+r。

10.spell/spel/

v. 拼写:How do you spell your name? 你的名字怎样拼写?

【引申】spelling n. 拼写。

二、句子破译站

1.“Is this your pencil?”和“Is that your backpack?”“这是你的钢笔吗?”和“那是你的背包吗?”

这两个句型都是一般疑问句,Is this…?指问话人问较近的人或物,Is that…?指问话人问较远的人或物,回答都是用it来代替this和that,以避免重复使用this和that。如:

Is this an apple? 这是苹果吗?

Yes, it is. 是的,它是。

Is that an orange? 那是桔子吗?

No, it isn’t. It’s an apple. 不,它不是桔子。它是苹果。

2. What’s this in English? 这个用英语怎么说?

这是一个含有特殊疑问词“What(什么)”的特殊疑问句。in English 可作“在英语中”或“用英语”解。“in+某种语言”表示“用……语言说”的意思。如:

What’s this in English? 这个用英语怎么说?

It’s a keyboard. 这是键盘。

3. How do you spell pencil? 你怎样拼“pencil”这个词?

(1)此句为特殊疑问句,do是助动词用来帮助构成疑问句或否定句的。一般疑问句结构为:do+主语+动词原形+?,其肯定回答为Yes,I do. ,否定回答为No,I don’t. 。don’t是do not的缩写形式。特殊疑问句结构为:疑问词+do+主语+动词原形+?,否定句结构为:主语+do+not+动词原形。第三人称单数作主语时应将do改为does。如:

①Do you know him? 你认识他吗?

Yes, I do. 是的,我认识??

②Do you know it? 你知道那件事吗?

No, I don’t. 不,我不知道。

③I don’t know English. 我不懂英语。

④He doesn’t know English. 他不懂英语。

⑤What do you read? 你常读什么书?

⑥Does he know her? 他认识她吗?

Yes, he does. 是的,他认识她。(肯定回答)

或No,he doesn’t. 不,他不认识她。(否定回答)

(2)how疑问副词,在本句中是对某种方式、方法的提问,意思是“怎么样”。how还可用来表示对健康情况、程度、数量以及价钱等的提问。如:

-How is your sister? 你的妹妹身体好吗?

-She’s very well. 她很好。(well在这里是形容词,表示“身体好”)

How do you like this new film? 你觉得这部新电影怎么样?

How much is your backpack? 你的背包多少钱?

三、工具箱

1. this,that和it

(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。

(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:

This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)

That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)

(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。如:

This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。

(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如:

This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。

(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如:

This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。

(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如:

-Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗?

-Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是谁?

注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?

(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如:

①-Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?

-Yes, it is. 是的,它是。

②-What’s that? 那是什么?

-It’s a kite. 是只风筝。

(8)it可以指天气、时间、距离或人,也常用来代替前文中所提到的东西。如:

①It’s a fine day today. 今天是个好天。

②What’s the time? It’s six. 几点了?六点。

③It’s not far from here. 离这儿不远。

④-Who is it? 谁呀?

-It’s me. 是我。

⑤This is a pen. It’s Lily’s. 这是一支钢笔。它是莉莉的。

2.不定冠词a和an

a和an都是不定冠词,表示一(个,支,本,块……)的意思,但不强调数量概念,而是强调类别,用来限定名词。a用在辅音素开头的单数名词前,如:a pencil(一支铅笔),a book(一本书);an用在元音音素开头的名词前,如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语,用a还是用an,则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。如:

a clock 一座钟 an old clock 一座旧钟

a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书

a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果 an apple 一个苹果

四、重难点密室

一般疑问句和特殊疑问句

(1)一般疑问句有两种,一种是由be动词引导的疑问句,另一种是由助动词或情态动词引导的疑问句,本单元主要讲前一种。

动词be的一般疑问句的构成是在肯定句的基础上,将动词be(am, is, are)移至主语之前,这时动词be已在句首,第一字母应变为大写,句末用问号。

肯定句变疑问句的方法可以用口诀“一调二变三问号”来帮助同学们记忆,“一调”是把be提至主语前;“二变”是原主语的大写改小写和人称的改变,1变2、2变1、3自身,即:第一人称变为第二人称,第二人称变为第一人称,第三人称不变;“三问号”是句末用问号,用升调读。对一般疑问句的回答分为肯定和否定回答:作肯定回答先说Yes, 再作简单叙述,作否定回答先说No, 再作简单的补充回答。如:

①I’m Li Ming. 我是李明。

Are you Li Ming? 你是李明吗?

Yes, I am. 是的,我是。

②You are twelve. 你12岁。

Are you twelve? 你是12岁吗?

No, I’m not twelve. I’m eleven. 不,我不是12岁,我11岁。

③It’s Polly. 它是波利。

Is it Polly? 它是波利吗?

④She is an English teacher. 她是英语老师。

Is she an English teacher? 她是英语老师吗?

Yes, she is. 是的,她是。

No, she isn’t. 不,她不是。

(2)特殊疑问句的构成及其回答:特殊疑问句是由疑问词what, where, how, how old来引导的。其结构是疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语,回答时要根据所问的情况回答,不能用Yes或No。如:

①What’s this? 这是什么?

It’s a computer. 这是一台计算机。

②What’s that? 那是什么?

It’s a TV. 那是一台电视。

口语交际

在日常生活中,当你碰到一些东西时,你可能会问:“这个用英语怎么说”?其实,学好英语,拥有这样的好奇心是大有必要的。下面就来学学用英语辨认物品吧。

一、语言话题

1.-What’s this/that in English?

-It’s a…

2.-What’s the English for“电脑”“电脑”用英语怎么说?

-It’s “computer”.

3.-Is this/that a…?

-Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.

二、注意事项

学习了上述句型,我们就可以用英语来询问周围的物品,做到随时随地学英语。如在上学或放学的路上,你可以和你的同伴进行如下练习:

-What’s this in English?

-It’s a car.

-Is this an English car?

-No, it’s a Chinese car.

当然,要注意交通安全啊!

相关资料检索

含Be的陈述句变一般疑问句技巧

将一个陈述句变成一般疑问句通常遵循三变一换原则,那么三变一换原则又指什么呢?

一换:将陈述句中的主语与be位置交换,也就是说把be(am, is, are)提到句首。

三变:

1.将am,is,are的第一个字母由小写变为大写形式。

2.将陈述句中第一个单词的字母由大写变为小写形式。

3.将句号变成问号。

例如:The girls are students.

变成一般疑问句为:Are the girls students?

(注意:若含有第一人称的陈述句变一般疑问句,在按照三变一换原则做题的同时,一般把第一人称改为第二人称。例如:This is my coat. →Is this your coat? Iam in Class Three. →Are you in Class Three?)

我们已经学会了有关Be动词的陈述句变一般疑问句的用法。那么一般疑问句的答语又如何呢?

告诉你几条规律:

1.要用Yes或No来回答。

2.Yes或No其后紧跟主语,若主语是一些名词(如their friends, his sister等),要把它们变成相应代词(如将their friends变为they, his sister变为she)。

3.最后加上与这些代词相对应的Be动词。若为否定形式,则还需在Be动词后加not。

例如:Is she a student?

肯定回答为:Yes, she is.

否定回答为:No, she isn’t.

Is her mather a nurse?

肯定回答为:Yes, she is.

否定回答为:No, she isn’t.

注意:若一般疑问句的主语为第二人称,答语中的主语要改为第一人称。

例如:Are you a worker? 肯定回答为:Yes, I am. 否定回答为:No, I am not.

趣味英语链接

形容词性物主代词的演说

Hello, everyone! “我”是形容词性物主代词,根据不同的人称我可以分身为my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their八个形象。有人说我不敢单独出来,是因为我胆小,那你可就错怪我了。我的职责是“保卫”(修饰)名词,必须“站”在名词之前站岗放哨,时刻与名词形影不离。如:

This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。

Its name is Mimi. 它的名字叫咪咪。

请大家注意,当名词前有我“值勤”(修饰)时,不能再用冠词a,an或the和指示代词this,that,these或those来“放哨”(修饰),我与这些词可是格格不入的。如:

他们的那些书在桌子上。

误:Their those books are on the desk.

误:Those their books are on the desk.

正:Their books are on the desk.

虽然我与冠词、指示代词不能同时“保卫”(修饰)名词,但我与形容词一起能共同“保卫”(修饰)名词,而且我总冲锋在前,站在形容词前面。如:

his English book他的英语书,my good friend我的好朋友。

另外,还要提醒大家,我既可“保卫”(修饰)单数名词,也可“保卫”(修饰)复数名词,作主语时,谓语动词的形式与名词的数一致。如:

Our room is big. 我们的房间是大的。

Her pencils are in the pencil case. 她的铅笔在铅笔盒里。

同学们,你们记住了吗?“我”的职责分明,可不要把“我”用错呀!

创新思维火花

1.We don’t like him. He is a yes-man.

句中画线部分的意思是 。

A.坚强的人 B. 总是有理的人

C.唯唯诺诺的人 D. 说一不二的人

2.Do you know what will kill(杀死) the birds?

A. Men B. Tigers C. Plants D. Dogs

3.当你问“‘英语’用英语怎么说?”时,下面哪一个选项不正确?

A.What’s “英语”in English?

B.What’s the English for“英语”?

C.Can you speak English?

D.How can you speak“英语”in English?

参考答案

【课文要点诠释】

Ⅰ.1.B 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C

Ⅱ.1.C 2.D 3.C 4.C

Ⅲ.1.Is this 2. No, it isn’t 3. what’s It’s 4. What’s that

Ⅳ.1.B clock以辅音音素开头,其前用不定冠词a;English以元音音素开头,其前用不定冠词an。

2.D 问句中的that,在答句中用it替代以避免重复,A、B项不妥;C项中缺少系动词,与题意不符。

3.A 物主代词前后不跟冠词,B、C、D项均不合语法规则。

4.D in English译为“用英语”,固定搭配。

5.B “铅笔刀”是用来削铅笔的,A、C、D项与其搭配不当。

6.D apple, orange均以元音音素开头,其前都用an。

7.C “用英语”用in English表示,属固定用法。

8.B 用it替代that以免重复,C、D项不妥;A项与No相矛盾,不合题意。

【创新思维火花】

1.C 2. A 3. C

中考命题

【例1】Here’s exercise-book.

A. a B. an C. two D. ×

精析 句中的a和an都是不定冠词,放在单数可数名词前,修饰限定名词,表示“一个、一块……”的意思。如果名词的读音以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a,如:a banana, a pear;如果名词的读音以元音音素开头,要用不定冠词an,如an orange,an egg。在本句中,book是可数名词单数,用冠词a,而单词exercise是以元音音素“e”开头的词,故要用冠词an。

答案 B

【例2】根据上下文,在空格上填上一个恰当的词。

(1)- you in Class 4?

-Yes, I .

(2)This is a car and that is a car, .

(3)-Is this a Chinese bike?

-No. a Japanese bike.

精析 (1)本题是以be为谓语的一般疑问句,主语是you,应填Are;答句主语是I,填am。

(2)当前后两句表述的意思相同,仅主语不同时,在句末逗号后应填上too,表示“这是,那也是……”。

(3)It’s是It is的缩写形式,It指代this。由于No后面用的是句号,且后面的句子是一个完整的句子,应看做为一个独立的句子,故it’s应大写第一个字母。

答案 (1)Are; am (2)too (3)It’s

【例3】从下面各句A、B、C、D中找出一处错误并改正。

(1)That’s a Chinese car.

A B C D

(2)That is a pencil box.

A B C D

(3)-What’s this in English?

A B

-It’s computer.

C D

(4)-And what’s this?

A B C

-This is a pencil sharpener.

D

精析 (1)Chinese,Japanese,English等词均属专有名词,书写时要将第一个字母大写,应改为Chinese。

(2)英语中有部分单词是由两个词构成的,在两个词之间须加连字符号“-”,所以应改pencil box为penhcil-box,同学们在学习时要多加注意。

(3)有些同学在学习时没有注意汉语和英语表达不同,仅从汉语的角度去理解英语,所以在名词前面就缺少了冠词,应在computer前加冠词a。

(4)it是代词,代替this。

答案 (1)C:chinese→Chinese (2)D:pencil box→pencil-box (3)D:computer→a computer (4)D:This is→It’s

【例4】This is my car. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)。

精析 本题考查一般疑问句的构成及答语。如果句中有动词be(am, is, are),将动词提到主语前,并大写开头字母,句末用问号,主语第一人称变第二人称,即变成了一般疑问句。一般疑问句要用Yes或No来回答。它的肯定答语是Yes,it is. ,不定答语是No,it isn’t. 。注意答语用it代替this/that。

答案 Is this your car? Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.

【例5】用yes,no回答完成对话:

(1)Are you twelve?

Yes, . No, .

(2)Am I in Class Four?

Yes, . No, .

(3)Can you spell your name?

Yes, . No, .

(4)Is that her computer?

Yes, . No, .

精析 (1)人称做了相应的改变,因为问句是“你12岁吗?”回答就应是“是的,我12岁。”或“不,我不是12岁。”另外动词也做了相应的改变,因为问句句型是“Are you…?”,所以,回答的主语是“I”,be动词就要相应地换成“am”,意思为“是”。

(2)人称与be动词的改变与上题同理。

(3)人称与第(1)题同理做了相应的改变;另外因为问句句型是“Can you…?”,所以回答时要用问句的第一个词“can”,表示“会、能”。

(4)her computer指“她的计算机”,是物品名称,回答时要用第三人称的“it(它)”来表示,因为在yes、no回答中不能用名词来回答,而应用相应的人称代词来回答。

答案 (1)I am; I’m not (2)you are; you aren’t (3)I can; I can’t (4)it is; it isn’t

【例6】-By the way, have you got E-mail address?

-Oh, yes, it’s rggren@hotmail.com.

A. the B. an C. a D. /

精析 空后E-mail是以元音[i:]开头的,故应用不定冠词an。

答案 B

名师批答

【例1】(1)这是一本英语书。This is a English book.

(2)这是什么?是书包。What’s this? It’s bag.

(3)那个用英语怎么说?What’s that English?

(4)这是苹果,那是梨。This’s an apple. That’s a pear.

(5)那不是我的自行车。That not is my bike.

(6)这是你的闹钟吗?不是。Is this your clock? No, it’s no.

(7)它是一辆日本小汽车。It’s a Japanese car.

(8)那是我的铅笔盒。That is my a pencil-box.

精析 (1)English以元音[i]开头,前需用an。

(2)英语中,单数可数名词一般不可单独出现。如果没有物主代词、指示代词等修饰,其前一般要用不定冠词a或an。

(3)“用英语”应用in English,介词in不可丢。

(4)详析请见工具箱this,that和it。

(5)否定词not应放在am,is,are的后面,不可受汉语影响放在前面。

(6)no和not都意为“不”,用来表示否定,no可单独使用,not与系动词或助动词构成否定结构。

(7)Japanese(日本的)是专有名词,第一个字母必须大写。

(8)在英语中,如果名词前已经有作定语的代词,如my,his,that等修饰时,则不需再用冠词。

答案

(1)将a改为an。

(2)将bag改为a bag。

(3) 将English改为in English。

(4) 将This’s改为This is。

(5) 将not is改为is not。

(6) 将第二个no改为not。

(7) 将japanese改为Japanese。

(8)去掉a。

【例2】(电话用语)喂!我是汤姆。

误:Hello! I’m Tom.

正:Hello! This is Tom.

精析 用英语打电话时,要表达“我是……”时,不用“I’m…”,应该说“This is…”。

【例3】这是我的课桌。

误:This is my desks.

正:This is my desk.

精析 This只能用来指代单数可数名词,谓语动词be使用的也是单数形式,这就决定了后面的名词desk只能使用单数形式。

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