初中英语一词多义重点词汇全

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初中英语一词多义重点词汇全

篇1:初中英语一词多义重点词汇全

初中英语一词多义重点词汇全汇总

A

1.accident:

① 事故(n.) I saw an accident when I walked in the street.

② 意外、偶然的事(n.) (accidentally)

2.appear:

① 出现 (vi) A ship appeared on the horizon. (disappear消失)

② 好象, 似乎(vi) She appears to have many friends.

3.apply:

① 申请(for)(vi) Mr.Wang decided to apply for the job.

② 运用、应用 (to)(vt.) Our teacher applies this teaching method to his class.

4.arm 手臂 (n.) 武装 (v)

Lay down your arms or we'll fire!放下武器,否则,我们就开枪了!

Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous. 警察说该男子携有枪,十分危险。

5.area:

① 地区(n.) Do you like the area where you are living?

② 面积(n.) The city covers an area of 30,000 square kilometer.

6.ask (熟义:问)vt.要求

The teacher asked that all the students stay at the classroom. 老师要求所有学生呆在教室

7.attend (熟义:出席) vt.参加;vi.看护,治疗

Mr.Park attended a summer course.帕克先生参加一个暑期课程。

If you go out,who'll attend to the baby?如果你走了,谁来照看婴儿?

B

1.break:

① 打破、打碎(vt.) The boy broke the windows of the house.

② 休息 (n.) We have been working all the morning,let`s have a break.

2.bill:

① 帐单(n.) Have you paid the bill?

② 钞票(n.) a ten-dollar bill

3. book (熟义:书) v. 预定,预购

I would like to book three seats for tonight’s concert. 我想预定今晚音乐会的三个座位。

4.beat (熟义:击打) v. ① (心脏) 跳动

He is alive---his heart is still beating. 他还活着---心脏还在跳动。

② 打败 He beat me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。

C

1.can (熟义:能) n.罐头vt.做成罐头

2.capital (熟义:首都) n. 大写字母;资本

Write your name in block capitals, please. 姓名请用大写。

3.change (熟义:变化) n. 零钱,找头

Have you got change for a five-pound note? 你有没有5英镑的零钱?

4.charge:

① 负责(n.) The young man is in charge of the company.

② 充电(vt.) My cellphone is fully charged.

③ 收取(费用)(vt.) How much do you charge me for mending shoes?

④ 指控(vt.) He was charged with murder.

5.cost (熟义:花费;值……)vt.使失去(生命、健康等)

Careless driving cost his life. 粗心的驾驶使他付出生命的代价。

6.course (熟义:过程) n. 课程;航线;一道菜

I’d like to take a refresher course to improve my driving. 我想参加补习训练以提高自己的驾驶技术。

The plane was off the course.飞机偏离航向。

They were treated with a five-course dinner for lunch. 招待他们五道菜的正餐。

7.court:

① 法庭、宫廷(n.)

② 庭院,球场(n.)

8.concerned: (adj.)

①担心的、忧虑的 be concerned about :We are all concerned about her safety.

② 与……有关 be concerned with: Her lastest film is concerned with wild life

9.comfort:

① (使)舒适(服)(vt.) Cool water can comfort you in summer.

② 安慰(vt.) The mother was comforting the crying boy.

③ 安慰(n.) It is a comfort to know that she is safe.

10.company

① 公司(n.) He worked in the company last year.

② 友伴、陪伴(n.) keep sb company I will stay here and keep you company.

11.cause:

① 造成、引起、产生(vt.) Smoking can cause lung cancer.

② 原因(n.) What`s the cause of the big fire?

12.close:

① 关 (vt.) Close the door when you leave the room.

② 靠近的(adj.)The church is close to our school.

③ 亲密的、亲近的(adj.)a close friend

④ 位置接近地(adv.) The girl felt very cold,so she stood close to her mother.

13.cover:

① 覆盖、掩护(vt.) She covered the table with a cloth.

② 盖子、封面(n.) Please pass me the book with a red cover.

14.check:

① 核查(vt.) Let me check your answer.

② 支票(n.)I will ask the boss for the check.

15.count [熟义:数(数目)] vi.重要;vt.认为

Every minute counts.每分每秒都重要。

D

1.date (熟义:日期;枣子) v. 追溯 ;约会

The ancient temple has a long history and can date back to the year 1890AD.

They have been dating for a long time. 他们一直频频约会

2.dear(熟义:亲爱的) 昂贵的

Clothes are getting dearer.衣服越来越贵了

3.desert (熟义:沙漠) vt.离开,抛弃

We sheltered from the storm in a deserted garage. 我们在一间空无人住的茅屋里躲暴风雨。

4.develop:

① 发展(vt.)

② 冲洗(vt.)(相片)

③养成(vt.)(习惯)

5.deliver(vt.):

① 递送(vt.) The postman delivered the letter to my door.

② 发言、陈述、发表(vt.) She delivered a talk on history to the students.

6.drive:

① 驾驶(vt.) I drove a car to visit my parents.

② 驱使、驱赶(vt.) The boy was driven out of the club.

E

1.earth (熟义:地球) n. 泥土

He covered the roots of the plant with earth. 他用泥土把植物的根埋起来。

2.easy (熟义:容易的)adj.舒适的,安分的,轻松的

Now we are leading an easy life.现在我们过着舒适的生活。

3.energy (熟义:能量,能源) n. 精力,活力

His work seemed to lack energy. 他工作似乎缺乏干劲。

4.enjoy (熟义:喜欢) v. 享有

Men and women should enjoy equal rights. 男女应当享有平等权利。

5.expect (熟义:期望,盼望)v.预计,估计

The weather turns out far better than we expected.天气比我们预料的要好。

F

1.fall (熟义:v. 掉落) n. 秋天;瀑布

His father passed away in the fall of 1970. 他父亲在1970年的秋季过世。

The falls upstream are full of salmons. 该瀑布上游有许多大马哈鱼。

2.fan (熟义:n. 扇子) n. 迷 .狂热者

The Chinese football fans are in great excitement. 中国足球粉丝很激动。

3.fine (熟义:adj.好的,晴朗的)v.&n.罚款

He was fined $200.他被罚了200美元。

4.fair:

① 公平的 (adj.) It is fair to do the bargain.

② 展览会、集市(n.) a world fair 世界博览会

5.firm (熟义:n. 公司) adj. 坚定的,牢固的

You must be firm where you think you are right. 你认为对的地方立场一定要坚定。

6.fire (熟义:n. 火) v. 开除

He was fired for stealing from the counter. 他因从柜台偷钱而遭解雇。

7.flat (熟义:n. 公寓,套房) adj.平躺的,平伸的, 扁平的

The earthquake laid the city flat. 地震把这座城市夷为平地。

8.free (熟义:adj. 自由的,有空的) adj & v. 没有,免交;远离

Most of the roads are free of snow.道路上的雪大部分都已化了。

9.find:

① 找到、发现 I can find my key everywhere.

② 感觉、觉得 I find it easy to learn English.

10.fix:

① 固定、安装(vt.) Fix a shelf to the wall.

② 修理(vt.) My watch has stopped—it needs fixing.

③ 确定(vt.) The time for our meeting has been fixed already.

④ 凝视(vt.) Her eyes were fixed on the nice dress.

11.fit:

① 合适的(adj.) The food is not fit for babies.

② 健康的(adj.) Do some sports to keep fit.

③ 合适,合身(vt.) The shoes fit me well.

12.figure:

① 外型(n.)

② 图形(n.)

③数字(n.)

④figure out 弄明白;计算出. I can`t figure out why he quit his job.

13.form:

① 表格(n.) Please fill in the form.

② 形式(n.) water in the form of ice

③ 形成(vt.) He forms a good habit.

G

1.gift:

① 礼物(n.) I will buy a gift for my mother on Mothers` Day.

② 天赋(n.) The girl has a gift for music.

2.grade (熟义:n. 年级) n & v. 成绩,评分等级; 给…评分

She got excellent grades in her exams. 她考试成绩优异。

The term papers have been graded. 期末试卷已评完分数了。

3.grow (熟义:v. 生长,成长,种植) v. (体积或数量)增加;变大

You must invest if you want your business to grow. 要想使生意扩大,必须投资。

H

1.head (熟义:头) v.动身去

The ship was heading for Shanghai.这艘船开往上海。

2.home ( 熟义:家) adj.本国的

The cars are made for the home market.这些小车生产出来在国内销售。

3.hold:

① 抓住(vt.) The girl was holding her father`s hand. Hold on please.

② 举行(vt.) A meeting was held last week.

③ 容纳(vt.)I don`t think the car will hold you all.

④ 占据(vt.)She holds the post of manager.

I

1.iron (熟义:铁) n.&v.熨斗;用熨斗烫

Mother is ironing my shirt with an electric iron.妈妈用电熨斗在给我熨衬衣。

2.interest:

①使感兴趣(vt.) What he said doesn`t interest me at all.

②兴趣 (n.) The little girl shows an interest in singing.

③利益 利息(n.)

J

1.jam (熟义:果酱n)vt./n.(使)塞满;(使)堵塞,困境

The accident jammed the main road for three hours.这次事故使交通堵塞达三小时之久。

There are many traffic jams in Chongqing.重庆经常塞车。

2.just (熟义:adv. 正好;恰好) adj. 公道的;公正的

That is a just decision. 那是公正的判决。

K

1.key:

① 钥匙(n.) I can`t find the key to the door.

② 答案(n.) a test with key 附答案的测试题

③ (打字机、钢琴等的) 键(n.)

④ 关键、要害(n.) Diet and exercise are the key to good health.

2.kill (熟义:杀) vt.消磨

They played cards to kill time.

L

1.land (熟义:土地) vi.着陆

The plane at last landed safely because of the pilots’ bravery and intelligence.

由于飞行员的勇敢和智慧飞机安全着陆。

2.last:

① 最后、最近(adv.) He came last in the race.

②最后的,末尾的(adj.)She is the last one to come to the classroom.

③持续(vi) How long do you think this fine weather will last?

3.learn (熟义:学习) v.听到,获悉

I learned of that yesterday.我昨天才得知此事。

4.lesson (熟义:课)n.教训(不悦的经历)

Pear Harbor was a painful lesson for the US.珍珠港事件对美国来说是一次痛苦的教训。

5.letter (熟义:信件)n.字母

Fill in your answers in capital letters, not small letters. 答案用大写字母填写,不要用小写字母。

6.leave:

① 离开(vi) He left Beijing for Shanghai.

② 留下(vt.) Some one left this note for you.

③ 把……忘记(vt.) I left my key at the office.

④ 使、让(vt.) Don`t leave her waiting outside in the rain.

⑤ 假,假期。She asked for leave when her mother was ill.

7.long (熟义:adj. 长) v. 渴望

The children are longing for the holidays. 孩子们盼望放假。

8.lift:

① 举起(vt.) He can lift the heavy stone.

② 电梯(n.) It`s on the sixth floor---Let`s take the lift.

③ 搭便车(n.) I will give you a lift to the station.

M

1.make (熟义:v. 制造;使) v. 演变成(某事物),结果是

If you train hard, you will make a good footballer. 你要刻苦训练就能成为优秀的足球运动员。

2.manner (熟义:n. 方式,方法) manners 礼貌

Aren’t you forgetting your manners? 你是不是没礼貌了?

3.mean (熟义:v. 意味着;打算) adj. 吝啬的;卑鄙的

He is so mean and selfish that it is very difficult to make friends with him.

4.meet:

① 遇见、遇到(vt.) He met an old friend yesterday.

② 满足In order to meet the needs of the readers we will reprint the bestseller.

③ (在车站、机场) 接(人)I will meet you at the airport.

5.match:

① 比赛(n.) There will be a basketball match on Saturday.

②火柴(n.) He stroke a match to light up the room.

③与….相配 The hat matches her dress very well.

6.mine (熟义:pron. 我的)n & v. 采矿, 矿

When a gold mine was discovered in California,there was a gold rush.

在California发现金矿后,人们都去掏金了。

7.miss (熟义:v. 想念) v. 错过,未击中,未看见

He shot at the bird but missed. 他打鸟未打中。

He missed the point of my joke. 他没有听懂我讲的笑话。

N

1.narrow (熟义:adj. 狭窄的) adj. 勉强的,几乎未成的

He narrowly escaped drowning. 他差点儿淹死

2.nature:

① 自然 (n.) You can get close to nature during holiday.

② 本质 (n.) It`s his nature to be kind to people.

3.notice (熟义:v & n. 注意) n. 布告;通知

He received two month’s notice to leave the job. 他收到两个月后解雇的通知。

O

1.once (熟义:adv. 曾经,一度) conj. 一旦

Once you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. 一旦明白了这条规则,就再也没有困难了。

2.operate (熟义:v. 动手术) v. 操作,操纵;管理 ,经营

He operates the lift. 他是开电梯的。

They operate three factories and a huge warehouse. 他们管着三家工厂和一个大仓库。

3.order (熟义:n & v. 命令) n.次序;秩序/点菜 n & v.订购

Some teachers find it difficult to keep order in their classes. 有些老师觉得课堂秩序很难维持。

We ordered two glasses of milk and some bread.

P

1.park (熟义:n. 公园) v. 停车;(暂时)留下(某人),寄存(某物)

Your car is very badly parked. 你的汽车停放得不好。

Park yourself in that chair while I make you a cup of tea. 你坐在那张椅子上,我给你沏茶去。

2.passage (熟义:n. 段落,节) n. 通道,走廊;旅费

They forced a passage through the crowd. 他们在人群中挤出一条路。

3.plant (熟义:n&v. 植物;种植) n. 工厂

How much steel can be made in the steel plant? 这钢铁厂能产钢多少?

4.position (熟义:n. 位置) n. 职位,工作;立场,观点

He applied for the position of assistant manager. 他申请副经理一职。

5.pretty (熟义:adj. 漂亮的,可爱的) adv. 相当

She seemed pretty satisfied with the result. 她对那结果似乎相当满意。

6.promise (熟义:v. 答应;诺言) v. 有希望

It promises to be warm this afternoon. 今天下午可望转暖。

There’s plenty of room for improvement in your work. 你的工作还有很多改进的余地。

7.perform:

① 表演(vt.) They are performing the play The Merchant of Venice.

② 表现(vi) He performed well in the contest.

8.present:

① 礼物 (n.) He sent me a present for my birthday.

② 在场的、出席的(adj.)There were 200 people present at the meeting.

③ 目前,当前(n.)I am afraid I can`t help you at present----I am too busy

④ 提出、介绍(vt.) He presented his report to the manager when he finished it

9.power:

① 力量 (n.) It`s beyond my power to do this.

② 动力(n.) wind power

③ 权利(n.)

10.place:

① 地方(n.) Qingdao is a good place to live in.

② 放置(vt.) When he came in,he placed his bag on the table.

11.point:

① 指(出)(vi.) The clock hands pointed to twelve.

② 点(n.) Two point six 2.6

③要点、论点(n.) Let`s stop discussing the useless problem and come to the point.

R

1.race:

① 竞赛(n.) a horse-race

② 种族(n.) people of mixed race

2.raise:

① 提高、举起(vt.) Raise your voice to make yourself heard.

② 饲养;抚养(vt.) My mother raised pigs at the countryside.

③ 筹集;集资(vt.) The man raised money to build a primary school..

3.room (熟义:n. 房间 )n. 空间

There is no room for so many people.

4.rough:

① 粗糙的(adj.)Touch the ball and tell me whether it is rough or smooth.

②艰辛的(adj.)Life is rough.

5.run (熟义:v. 跑,行驶 )v. 经营,管理;

He has no idea of how to run a successful business. 他不知道把企业办好的方法。

6.regular:

① 规则的(adj.)The man does regular exercise to keep fit.

② 定期的、定时的(adj.)He goes to work by regular bus.

③ 照例的、经常的(adj.)Mary is a regular customer in the shop.

7.realize:

① 认识到(vt.) Only then did I realize I was wrong.

② 实现(vt.) He realized his dream of being a doctor.

S

1.save:

① 拯救、救(vt.)He jumped into water and saved the drowning man.

② 节约(vt.) Save water,please.

③ 储蓄(vt.) The girl saves some money for travel.

2.serve:

① 服务、服役(vt.) He served in the army during the war.

② 供(某人)饭菜、上菜(vt.) Learn to serve at table.

3.see (熟义:v. 看见 )v. 见证

The year saw the improvement of human rights in China. 见证了中国人权的进步。

4.sentence (熟义:n. 句子)v. 判决,宣判

He has been sentenced to pay a fine of 1000 pounds. 他被判罚款1000英镑。

5.separate (熟义:v. 分离,分开)adj. 各自的,独立的,单独存在的

We can’t work together any more; I think it’s time we went our separate ways.

我们再也不能在一起工作了,我看得各奔东西了。

6.settle (熟义:v. 定居,稳定,安定 )v. 解决,处理

It’s time you settled your dispute with him. 现在你该跟他把争端解决了。

7.service

① 服务(n.) The food is good at the hotel,but the service is poor.

②公用事业的业务或工作状态(n.) a bus/train service

8.since:

① 自从……(以来)I have worked in the company since I graduated from college.

② 既然 Since you like the car,why don`t you buy it?

9.suggest (熟义:v. 建议,提议 ) v. 暗示,表明

His cool response suggested that he didn’t like the idea. 他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意。

10.stage:

① 舞台(n.) be/go on the stage 登台表演

② 阶段(n.) at an early stage in our history 在我们历史发展的早期

11.spare:

① 业余的(adj.) I collect stamps in my spare time.

② 多余的(adj.)I have no spare money this month.

③ 拨出,匀出(vt.) Can you spare me some time?

④ 过剩,有余(vt.) spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事

12.stand:

① 站 (vi) She stood there for two hours.

② 忍受(vt.) I can`t stand you.

③ 架(n.) a hat/coat stand

④ 摊(n.) a market stand

13.still

① 仍然、还(adv.) He is still a child,don`t scold him too much.

② 静的,不动的(adj.)Please keep still while I take your photograph.

14.sign:

① 符号、招牌(n.) Can you see that traffic sign?it says “Slow down.”

② 签名、签字(vt.) Sign your name here.

15.study:

① 学习,研究 (n.) The little boy is fond of study.

② 学习,研究vt..) I am studying how to swim.

16.should:

① 应该 You should clean your classroom every day.

② 竟然 I can`t believe that he should speak to his parents like that.

17.spring:

① 春天(n.) The weather is warm in spring.

②泉水(n.) a hot spring 温泉

18.sense:

① 感觉 (n.) The blind have a keen sense of hearing.

② 意识 (n.) comman sense

19.some:

① 一些 Give me some paper,please.

② 某一 (在单数可数名词之前)Some Mr.Smith is waiting for you.

20.support:

① 支持(vt./n.) The chair can`t suport you two---you are too heavy.

② 赡养(vt.) He has a big family to suport.

21.strike (struck、struck)

① 打、击、敲(vt.) The stone struck me on the head.

② 袭击、攻击(vt.) A heavy storm struck the village.

③ 罢工(n.) a strike by bus drivers be/go on strike 举行罢工

22.state:

① 国家、州(n.) There are fifty states in America.

② 状态 (n.) The old man is in a poor state of health.

③ 陈述、阐述(vt.)He stated his view the medicine could be used in curing cancer.

T

1.tell (熟义:v. 告诉) v. 讲述,分辨,判断,确定

Who can tell which is right and which is wrong. 谁能判断那个对那个错。

2.touch (熟义:v. 接触,碰;感动 )n. 联系

Our head office can put you in touch with a branch in your area.

我们总公司可安排你与当地分公司取得联系。

3.turn (熟义:v. 转变 )v. 达到或超过(某年龄或时间) n. 依次,轮流

She turned forty last june. 她在刚过去的六月满四十岁。

Whose turn is it to do the washing-up? 轮到谁刷锅洗碗了?

4.train:

① 训练(vt.) He was trained as a engineer.

② 火车(一列)(n.) I went home by train last week.

5.though:

① 虽然 (连词)She came to help me,though she was very busy.

② 可是 (副词)She promised to call,I heard nothing ,though.

6.treat:

① 对待(vt.) The woman treats the baby as her own child.

② 治疗(vt.)She was treated for sunstroke.(中暑)

W

1.watch (熟义:v. 观看 n. 手表 )v. 留心;注意

We will have to watch the children in case they get too tired.

我们得照看着孩子,别让他们太累了。

2.when (熟义:conj. 当…时候)conj. 那时突然; 既然,考虑到

I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我正想要离开,突然下起雨来。

3.while (熟义:conj. 当… 时候 )conj. 然而;尽管,虽然

I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream. 我爱喝清咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。

While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.

尽管我承认有问题存在,但我没说这些问题不能解决。

4.wonder (熟义:v. 想知道)v. 感到惊奇,惊叹

We wondered at the speed with which it arrived. 我们赞叹其到达速度之快。

5.word (熟义:n. 单词,话 )n. 消息(不可数名词)

Word came that I was needed at home. 有信儿来说家里需要我。

6.would:

① 表示过去将来时 He would attend the meeting if he had time.

② 过去常常 The old woman would ordered a cup of tea every time she came to the resturant.

③ 愿意 I would like to invite you to my house this week.

7.will

① 将(一般将来时)I will stay at home if it rains .

② 意志(品质)(n.) The old woman has a strong will.

③ 愿望(n.)against one`s will违反某人的意愿

8.well

①好地(adv) He can play football very well.

②井(n.) The water in the well is very cool.

篇2:GRE背单词核心词汇一词多义如何高效背诵

GRE考试一词多义是重要考点

如今的GRE考试在历经改革后,对于词汇的考察已经从比较简单粗暴的以数量取胜变成了更加精细化重视对词汇含义细节掌握和运用的考试了。简单来说,词汇量大不再是关键,能够记住核心热门词汇所有定义不出现遗漏才是获得高分的关键所在。而由于英语词汇普遍具有的一词多义的特性,考察同一个词汇不同含义,或者常用词汇生僻含义的出题思路也逐渐成为主流,因此,GRE考试词汇部分的考察中,一词多义熟词僻义等围绕词汇多个含义做文章的题目越来越多,一词多义本身也成为了重要的词汇考点。

应对一词多义串联记忆效果好

那么,对于一词多义这样的考点,如何背诵单词才能达到比较好的效果呢?小编知道许多同学背单词都是喜欢带着例句来背诵的,那么如何按照一般的记忆方法,面对一词多义的词汇时,每个含义都背一个例句显然就太累了,更有效率的做法是把一个单词的多个含义整个串联在一起来背诵,举例来说:

precipitate这个词,是GRE考试中比较常见的词汇,属于核心热词,而这个词汇大家可以去查一下,含义还是比较多的,比如:

“The chemist precipitated an item out of the solution.”

沉淀,这是一个化学类的术语

“The rain precipitated from the sky.”

凝结降水,这是一个气象类词汇,应该是大家对这个词汇接触最多的含义

“I made a precipitate dash for the train when I was running late to work.”

仓促行进的,这个意思知道的人应该也不少

“The glass precipitated down upon the floor.”

从高处抛下

除此以外,这个词还有突然发生等其它含义。这样一个多义词,如果按照每个意思一个句子的方式来记忆,背诵时要花的精力就比较多了,而且也很容易出现遗漏,那么大家可以用串联记忆法来提升一下记忆效果,具体做法是把所有不同含义都编织串联到一起,组成一个稍长的小段落:

Deep in her laboratory, the chemist was on the verge of precipitating the next great breakthrough in modern science while precipitation roared down from the thunderstorm outside, but as she made a precipitate rush across the street to tell her colleagues, she slipped on a puddle and her vials were precipitated upon the ground in a pile of shattered glass.

这样一小段内容包含了precipitate的四个含义,而唯一没有包含的化学沉淀的意思,通过chemist这个主语也能够给大家一定印象,通过这种串联的方式,大家对于这个词汇所有含义的记忆想必会变得更加形象生动,一词多义的precipitate可以说就此被一网打尽了。

熟词僻义也能用串联记忆解决

当然,precipitate这个词对大家来说并不算熟词,而对于一些比较熟悉的词汇,用串联法同样可以起到不错的记忆效果,比如:

Sanction – A politician sanctioning the use of sanctions

Lucid – Looking through lucid glass on a professor giving a lucid explanation

Tortuous – A person travelling down a tortuous path thinking of tortuous ideas

Slight – There’s a slight chance that a slight person might feel slighted if you refer to them as “skinny”

Meet – Use meet behavior when you meet people

上述这些词汇相信大家要更熟悉一些,但这些熟词的某些生僻含义也许大家也并不太清楚,通过简单的串联记忆,考生同样能够有效记住这些熟词的其它含义。

一词多义的GRE词汇

Abandon N/V 1放弃 2 放纵

“放弃”是本义,本义是放弃自己的权利,屈从于别人的控制“put someone under someone else's control.” 权利和责任是一体的两面,放弃了权利也就没有责任意识,当然容易放纵自己。

Abide v 1容忍 2 停留

“停留” 是本义,“remain, wait, delay, remain behind,”停在老地方,不采取行动,当然就是容忍什么事情的发生。日本鬼子进攻中国了,你停留在西南西北,当然就是容忍鬼子的侵略。

Absorb v 1 吸收 2 减轻作用

当然“吸收”是本义,吸收,消化了当然减轻作用。中国把入侵的少数民族吸收同化了,也就减轻了他们的破坏作用。

Abstract V 抽取N 摘要 ADJ 抽象的

动词“抽取”是本义,抽取出具体的,就变成抽象的,抽取出来的,就成了摘要。

Abuse v/n 1辱骂 2滥用

“滥用”是本义,对语言的滥用就成了辱骂。

Abysmal adj 1极深的 2 糟透的

“极深的,极低的”是本义。从低下引申出糟透的意思。

Accessible adj 1 易到达的 2 易受影响的

显然,“接近,到达”是本义,接近,到达是影响的必要条件。

Accommodate v 1 与……一致,2 提供食宿

“适应、调节”是它的本义,自己适应别人,就是与别人一致。适应别人,满足别人的需要,引申出提供食宿,提供方便的意思。

Accord v/n 1 同意 2 给与 3 一致

“一致,一条心,心心相映”是本义。心心相映当然会同意。从同意的态度到给与的行为也是一步之遥。例如,清政府同意把外兴安岭给与俄国。

Acerbic adj 1 苦涩的 2 刻薄的

从“苦涩的味道”引申为刻薄的言辞。刻薄的言辞也是让人不舒服的。

Acidulous adj 1 有酸味的 2 刻薄的

从“酸的味觉”引申出刻薄的言辞。

Acute adj 1 灵敏的 2 (病)急性的

“尖的,锐利的”是本义。我们对尖的动西当然反应灵敏,例如用锥子扎一下,我们会立刻跳起来。医学上的急性病因该是从灵敏这个意思引申的。我们对一个病毒很灵敏,就容易被感染。

Addle v 1 使腐坏 2 使昏乱

本义是“尿液,腐败的液体”,后来被用作形容词,腐败的,变质的,再后来被用作动词,使腐坏。指人的头脑混乱是比喻的说法。我们汉语也这样说,“你脑子里有屎啊”。

Adjust v 1 整理 2 适应

“安排,整理”是本义, 适应是引申义。整理的内部的,适应的是外部的要求。

Administer v 1 管理 2 供给

Ad 表示加强,minister 意为“服务”,“serve, carry out, manage,” “供给”的意思因该是从服务的意思引申的。我们过去常说,加强生产管理,保障商品供给。

Adopt v 1 收养 2 采纳(意见)

本义是“为自己选择”的意思,“choose for oneself”,选择孩子是收养,选择意见就是采纳。当然,现在,选择的意思已经淡化了。

Affable adj 1 易于交谈的 2 和蔼可亲的

“易于交谈”是本义。好说话的当然是和蔼可亲的。

Affect v 1 影响 2 感染 3 假装 4 采取

前两个义项来自同一词源,显然,对某人感情的影响和对某人身体的感染一脉相承。

后两个义项来自同一词源。“to assume the character of (someone)” 其实,这连个意思在英语里是很接近的。

GRE考试词汇一词多义的应用

一.具体—抽象:

所谓具体到抽象指的是把一个单词的具体含义进行引申从而用在某些抽象的场合。下面我们来看几个例子。

1.Bask. Bask这个单词表示晒太阳,由此可以引申出沉浸,沐浴在(胜利,喜悦,赞美,关怀中)。如bask in the glory of world cup (沉浸在世界杯的荣耀中)或者bask in jubilance.(沉浸在喜悦中)

2.Brew. Brew这个单词也很熟悉,表示酿酒,一引申就可以变成酝酿这个抽象含义。如每逢战争即将打响,我们可以说Storms are brewing on every frontier.(每个边境上都酝酿着风暴。)

3. Swallow. Swallow表示吞咽东西,也就是不加咀嚼地吃东西,因此当我们在描述一个人不加思考就轻易相信别人时,就可以使用这个单词。如Surely, I know better than to swallow his words.(我当然不会傻到就这样相信他的鬼话)有时也可以表示取消,如He had to swallow his words。(他不得不取消前言。)

4.Gnaw. Gnaw指的是小动物,如啮齿类动物,咬,啃。稍加引申就变成了使烦恼、折磨。如The feeling of guilt gnawed at my conscience day and night.(内疚日夜折磨着我的良心。)

5. Wean. Wean原义指新生儿断奶,引申为使断绝、使戒掉、使放弃。如These plants have succeed in weaning from the green house environment.(这些植物已经成功摆脱了对温室环境的依赖。)

二.名词—动词

不同词性之间的转换也是小词活用的一个思路,这里我们讲讲相对较为普遍也容易掌握的名词到动词的活用。

1.Bridge. Bridge,桥梁。桥梁的作用很显然是连接,因此它做动词就可以表示连接、消除(隔阂、鸿沟等)。如bridge chasm, silence, difference, generation gap(弥合裂缝,打破冷场,消除分歧,弥合代沟)

2.Budget. Budget名词表示预算,动词为合理安排。如She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully.(她忙极了,所以必须好好安排时间。)

3.Toy. Toy是玩具的意思,由这个名词演变出的动词可以表示漫不经心地考虑、摆弄。如She toyed with a pencil, brooding on something like a hen.(她摆弄着铅笔,似有心事。)

4.Bracket. Brackets 复数形式表示括号。动词bracket指把某和某归入一类,相提并论,Jones and Smith were bracketed in a tie for the first prize. (约翰和史密斯双双被评为头奖。)

三.由人到物

所谓由人到物是指这个单词原本形容人,而在某些场合中可以采用“拟物”的手法,形容物体或事件。

1.Flatter. Flatter指谄媚、奉承。拟物后可以表示(照片、画像等)比真人好看。如You are surely flattered by this dress.(你穿这衣服更漂亮了。)

2.Flirt. Flirt最熟悉的意思是调情,而事实上,它还可以表示不当真的对待、玩笑地对待。如Flirt with the idea of resigning (脑子里一直浮现辞职的念头)

3. Conspire. conspire形容人同谋、密谋,也可以形容事物联合发生共同导致(不良后果)。如Wretched weather, nasty food and disgusting companions conspired to reduce my picnic to be a wet blanket.(糟糕的天气,难吃的东西,不喜欢的人,我的野餐真倒霉。)

4.Coax. Coax指人用好话劝、哄诱,指物的时候作耐心地处理、小心摆弄的意思。如Pianists have their own difficulties on the piano hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion.(钢琴演奏家也有自己的困难处,钢琴上的用来击弦的小锤务必仔细摆弄,以免听起来像打击乐。)

四.本意引申

有些单词在长期使用中,可能会慢慢衍变成其他我们更熟悉的含义。但是有时恰恰是它的本来意思可以引申出一些奇妙的用法。

1.Throw. Throw原本指的是人在马背上,被马突然摔在地上。因此就有了这样的用法,表示使处于、使陷入(某种状态中)。如Thousands were thrown into homeless by the war. (战争使千万人无家可归。)

2.Pitch. Pitch除了表示投、掷等意思外,还可以指定标准、用合适的角度、方式表达。这是由于在古希腊的时候,运动会上往往会通过投掷标枪确定一条合格线,因此这个词就慢慢有了定标准这层意思。如The program was pitched at just the right level.( 大纲所定的水平恰到好处。)

3.Blood. Blood鲜血。猎人在猎狐和狗在第一次出猎前给它们尝血的味道。引申后表示使新手取得初次经验。如Many revolutionary devotees were blooded in Wuchang Uprise.( 武昌起义使很多热血志士首次经受革命的洗礼。)

篇3:初中英语第一册Starter全册重点词教案

初中英语第一册Starter全册重点词教案

初中英语第一册Starter全册重点词汇总教案 1. Good morning. 早上好。 2. Good afternoon. 下午好。 3. How are you . I’m fine,thank you . 你好么?我很好,谢谢。 4. Are you fine today? 你今天还好么? 5. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字? 6. This is my twin brother, 这是我的双胞胎兄弟。 7. What is it ? It’s a photo of my family. 这是什么?这是我的`一张全家福 8. Who is she ? She is my sister. 她是谁?她是我的姐妹。 9. Who’s this man ? He is my father. 这个男的是谁?他是我的爸爸。 10. What’s he ? He is a doctor. 他是干什么工作的? 他是一位医生。 11. Is this your mother ? Yes, she’s a worker. 这是你的妈妈么?是的,她是一位工人。 12. Are we classmates ? Yes ,we are . 我们是同学么?是的,我们是同学。 13. How old are you ? I’m twelve. 你多大了? 我十二岁了。 14. He’s my cousin Andy. 他是我的堂兄安蒂。 15. He’s polite and helpful . 他很有礼貌而且乐于助人。 16. She is short and slim . 她又矮又瘦。 17. He is tall and strong . 他又高又壮。 18. He is from England .He’s English . 他来自英格兰,他是英国人。  下载地址:初中英语辅导网

篇4:鱼我所欲也一词多义、通假字、重点语句翻译、诗意

鱼我所欲也一词多义、通假字、重点语句翻译、诗意

一词多义归纳

是:

非独贤者有是心也 是:这种

是亦不可以已乎 是:这种做法

为:

乡为身死而不受 为:宁愿

今为宫室之美而为之 为:为了 (第二个)为:接受

而:

呼尔而与之 而:表修饰,不译

由是则生而有不用也 而:表转折,却

于:

所欲有甚于生者 于:比

万钟于我何加焉 于:对

通假字

故患有所不辟也 “辟”通“避”,躲避。

万钟则不辩礼义而受之 “辩”通“辨”,辨别。

所识穷乏者得我与“得”通“德”,恩惠,这里是感激之意。

“与”通“欤”,语气词。

乡为身死而不受 “乡”通“向”,从前。

重点句子翻译

①由是则生而有不用也,由是则可以辟患而有不为也。

采用某种手段就能够活命,可是有的人却不肯采用;采用某种办法就能够躲避灾祸,可是有的人也不肯采用。

②呼尔而与之,行道之人弗受;蹴尔而与之,乞人不屑也。

轻蔑地呵叱着给别人吃,过路的饥民也不肯接受;用脚踢着(或踩过)给别人吃。乞丐也不愿意接受。

③万钟则不辩礼义而受之,万钟于我何加焉。

(可是有的人)见了“万钟”的优厚俸禄却不辨是否合乎礼义就接受了,这样.优厚的俸禄对我有什么好处呢?

④此之谓失其本心。

这就叫作丧失失了人所固有的羞恶廉耻之心。

译诗、诗意

鱼是我喜欢吃的,熊掌也是我喜欢吃的;如果不能两样都吃,我就舍弃鱼而吃熊掌。生命是我想拥有的,正义也是我想拥有的;如果不能两样都拥有,我就舍弃生命而坚持正义。生命是我想拥有的,但是还有比生命更使我想拥有的,所以我不愿意苟且偷生;死亡是我厌恶的,但是还有比死亡更使我厌恶的,所以我不愿意因为厌恶死亡而逃避某些祸患。如果让人想拥有的没有超过生命的,那么,只要是可以活命,什么事情于不出来呢?如果让人厌恶的.没有超过死亡的,那么,只要是可以逃避死亡的祸患,什么事情干不出来呢?但也有些人,照此做就可以拥有生命,时照此做;照此做就可以逃避死亡的祸患,却不照此做。由此可知,的确有比生命更使人想拥有的东西,也的确有比死亡更使人厌恶的东西。这种心原本不只是贤人才有,而是人人都有,只不过贤人能够保持它罢了。

一篮子饭,一碗汤,吃了便可以活下去,不吃就要饿死。如果吆喝着给人吃,过路的人虽然饿着肚子也不会接受;如果用脚踩踏后再给人吃,就是乞丐也不屑于接受。可是现在,万钟的傣禄却有人不问合乎礼义与否就接受了。万钟的俸禄对我有什么好处呢?为了住宅的华丽、妻妾的奉养以及我所认识的穷苦人感激我吗?过去宁肯死亡都不接受的,现在却为了住宅的华丽而接受了;过去宁肯死亡都不接受的,现在却为了妻妾的奉养而接受了;过去宁肯死亡都不接受的,现在却为了我所认识的穷苦人感激我而接受了。这些不是可以停止的吗?这种做法叫做丧失了本性。


更多《鱼我所欲也》文章推荐阅读:

1.《鱼我所欲也》的全文翻译

2.《鱼我所欲也》原文欣赏

3.《鱼我所欲也》的论证思路

4.《鱼我所欲也》文言识记

5.《鱼我所欲也》文学赏析及主旨

6.《鱼我所欲也》考点识记

7.《鱼我所欲也》文言现象和译文

8.《鱼我所欲也》导学案表格

9.《鱼我所欲也》中文及英文翻译

10.《鱼我所欲也》原文翻译及赏析

篇5:高中英语(必修3)重点词汇、短语、句型、语法全

高中英语(必修3)重点词汇、短语、句型、语法全汇总

Unit1 Festivals around the world

重点词汇

1.take place 发生

2.religious 宗教的

3.in memory of 纪念

4.belief 信任,信心,信仰

5.dress up 盛装,打扮

6.trick 诡计,窍门

7.play a trick on 搞恶作剧,诈骗

8.gain 获得

9.gather 搜集,集合

10.award 奖品,授予

11.admire 赞美,钦佩

12.look forward to 期望,盼望

13.day and night 日夜

14.as though 好像

15.have fun with 玩的开心

16.permission 许可,允许

17.turn up 出现,到场

18.keep one's word 守信用

19.hold one's breath 屏息

20.apologize道歉

21.obvious 显然的

22.set off 出发,动身,使爆炸

重点短语

1.mean doing sth. 意味着

mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事

mean sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事

be meant for 打算作……用; 为…而有

2.take place 发生;举行

3.of all kinds 各种各样的

4.starve to death 饿死

be starved of 缺乏

starve for sth, starve to do 渴望

5.plenty of 大量; 充足

6.be satisfied with对......感到满意

to one's satisfaction令某人感到满意

7.do harm to sb.=do sb. harm 伤害某人

8.in the shape of 呈…的形状,以…的形式

9.in memory of/ to the memory of sb.纪念某人

10.dress up 穿上最好的衣服;打扮,化装

11.award sth.(to sb.)和award sb.sth.(for sth.) 颁奖

reward sb. for sth. 因 …奖赏某人

reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人

12.admire sb. for sth在某方面钦佩某人

13.look forward to期望,期待,盼望

14.have fun with(与某人)玩得开心;过得快乐 ( have a good time;enjoy oneself.)

15. turn up 出现;调大/高

turn down 拒绝;调小/低

turn off 关掉

turn on 打开

turn out 结果是......

turn to sb. for help 向某人求助

16.keep one's word 守信用

break one's word, 失信

17.It be obvious that-clause显而易见;一目了然

18.set off 出发; 使(地雷、炸弹)爆炸

set in 开始

set up 建立,创立

set out to do = set about doing sth. 着手做

set down 写下,记下

19.remind sb. of sth. 提醒,使想起

重点句型

1.Please make sure when and where the accident took place.

请查清楚事故是何时何地发生的。

2.Some festival are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.

还有一些节日,是为了纪念死者、满足或取悦祖先,因为(祖先们)有可能回到世上帮助他们,也有可能带来危害。

3.In Japan the festival is called Obon,when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.(非限制性定语从句)

在日本,这个节叫孟兰盆节,在这个节日里,人们要上坟、扫墓、烧香,以缅怀祖先。

4.They dress up and try to frighten people.

他们乔装打扮去吓唬别人。

5.If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick.

如果你什么也不打发给孩子,他们可能会捉弄别人。

6.In India there is a national festival on October2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India's independence from Britain.

在印度,10月2日是纪念马哈特马.甘地的全国性节日,他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。

7.The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.

最富生气而又最重要的节日,就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。

8.The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.

整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红色的雪。

语法

一、情态动词

定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义、但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。

情态动词数量不多,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will(would),have (to) ,had better.

can和could的用法

1.表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。

注意:①could也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can。

②can表示能力时,还可用be able to代替。

2.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)

3.“can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。

4.用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等。

5.cannot…too...表示“无论怎样……也不过分”

二、may和might的用法

1.表示许可。

表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can't . or , yes, please 用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)。

用May I…征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。

2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。

3.表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。

4.“may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。

三、must和have to的用法

1.表示必须、必要。(must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些)

回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to。

2.“must be + 表语”的结构表示推测,它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。

3.“must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。

4. have to的含义与must相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但have to有各种形式,随have的变化而定。

注意:have to也可拼做have got to。

四、dare和need的用法

1.need表示“需要”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。

注意:needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”

2.dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。

3.dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作实义动词时,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。

五、shall和should的用法

1.shall的用法:

①shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。

②shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

③shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

2.should的用法:

①should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。

②Why (or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。

③“should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。

六、will和would的用法

1.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。

2.表示意志、愿望和决心。

3.用“will be”和“will (would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。

4.would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

5.表料想或猜想。

七、ought to的用法

1.ought to表示应该。

2.表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别:

He must be at home by now. (断定他已到家)

He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)

This is where the oil must be. (比较直率)

This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄)

3.“ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。

ought和should的区别:

1.ought语气略强。

2.should较常用。

3.ought在美国英语中用的很少,而should却相当常用。

4.ought属正式用语。

八、used to,had better,would rather的用法

1.used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变。如:

He told us he used to play football when he was young.

2.had better意为“最好”,后接不带to的不定式。

3.would rather意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带to的不定式。

Unit2 Healthy eating

重点词汇

1.diet 日常饮食,节食

2.balance平衡,天平

3.fry 油炸

4.ought to 应该

5.lose weigh 减肥

6.raw 生的,未加工的

7.get away with 被放过,(做坏事)不受惩罚

8.tell a lie 说谎

9.win…back 赢回

10.strength强项,长处,力量

11.consult 咨询,请教

12.earn one’s living 谋生

13.debt 债

14.in debt 欠债

15.limit 限制,界限

16.benefit 利益

17.combine 联合,结合

18.cut down 削减,删节

19.before long 不久以后

20.put on weight 增加体重

重点短语

1.a healthy diet 健康饮食

a balanced diet平衡的饮食

2.in different ways 用不同的方式

3.most often 最经常

4.feel frustrated 感到沮丧

5.by lunchtime 到午餐时间

6.must have happened 一定发生过

7.at the end of the street 在街道的尽头

8.be tired of 厌倦

9.be amazed at sth. 对...感到惊异

10.throw away 扔掉

11.get away with 逃脱

12.tell lies 说谎

13.energy-giving food 提供热量的食物

body-building food 提供营养的食物

14feel fit 精神很好

15.do some research into 做一些......方面的研究

16.the weakness of the diet 饮食的弱点

the strength of the diet 饮食的优点

17.earn one’s living 谋生

18.be in debt 负债

19.glare at 怒视

20.move round 绕过

21.spy on 在暗中侦察;打探

22.upset sb. 使.....不安

23.heavy food 不易消化的食物

24.look ill 看上去有病

feel sick 感到恶心

25.chat about 聊起关于......

26.serve with 用......配

27.rather than 而不是

28.cut down 减少

29.before long 不久

重点句型

1.The food you eat helps you grow in different ways.

你吃的食物能以不同的方式帮你成长。

2.Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city.

站在高楼的顶部,我们能看到整个城市。

3.Which food contains more sugar?

哪一种食物含有更多的糖?

4.What could have happened?

可能发生了什么事?

5.Something terrible must have happened if Maochang was not coming to eat with him as he always did.

要是茂昌不像往常那样和他一起吃饭,那问题一定严重了。

6.Curiosity drove Wang Pengwei inside.

王鹏伟受到好奇心的驱使,走了进去。

7.We were surprised at finding the house empty.

我们发现这个房子空无一人,感到惊讶。

8.They had me repeat the message.

他们让我把口信又重说了一遍。

9.I have a lot of work to do.

我有很多工作要做。

10.He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.

他可不希望由于他的餐馆不再受欢迎而负债。

Unit3 The Million Pound Bank Note

重点词汇

1.bring up 抚养

2.scene 现场,景色

3.permit 许可,通行证

4.go ahead 前进

5.by accident 偶然

6.stare 凝视,盯着看

7.stare at 盯着看

8.spot 发现,认出,斑点,污点

9.account 说明,总计有,账目,

10.account for 导致,做出解释

11.seek 探索,寻求

12.contrary 反面,对立面

13.on the contrary 与此相反

14.take a chance 冒险

15.in rags 衣衫褴褛

16.indeed 真正地

17.as for 关于,至于

重点短语

1.know about 了解关于…...事

2.make a bet 打赌

3.win or lose the bet在打赌中赢或输

4.have bad luck 运气不好

5.step inside走进里面

6.lead the way 带路

7.I wonder if... 我想知道是否…...

8.go right ahead 说下去

9.as a matter of fact事实上

10.by accident 偶然

11.sail out of the bay 驶出海湾

12.stare at 盯着

13.towards nightfall 到夜幕降临时

14.carry … out to sea 把…带到了大海

15.give oneself up for lost 因为迷路而绝望

16.account for 导致

17.work as an unpaid hand 免费劳动

18.to be honest 坦白地说

19.your idea of some kind of joke 你认为的一种笑话

20.be on my way 上路

21.show sb. out 把某人带出去

22.be confident about 对…... 自信

23.give sb. a ride 让某人搭车

24.the cost of a journey 旅行费用

25.fall over 跌到

26.lose one's patience 失去耐心

27.stay out of jail 免坐牢

28.do fifty jumps without stopping 不间断地连续跳五十下

29.account for your behaviour 对你的行为做出解释

30.be jealous of the others' success 嫉妒别人的成功

31.show a willingness to do sth.表示乐意做谋事

32.take the gentleman's order 让那位绅士点菜

33.read the bill 看帐单

34.be reserved 被预定了

35.take a chance 碰碰运气

36.the look on the waiter's face 服务员脸上的表情

37.in a rude manner 用粗鲁的方式

38.for a while 一会儿

重点句型

1.Have you ever made a bet with your friends?

你曾和你的朋友们打过赌吗?

2.Did he help you by accident or on purose?

他是碰巧还是有意帮你?

3.I wonder, Mr Smith, if/whether you’d mind us moving your flowers outdoors.

史密斯先生,我不知道你是否介意我们把你的花移到室外去。

4.You're about to hear the most incredible tale.

你们马上就要听到一个最难以置信的故事。

5.Permit me to say a few words.

请允许我说几句话。

6.After the rain, we went ahead with our work.

雨停之后,我们继续工作。

7.And it was the ship that brought you to England.

正是那艘船把你带到了英国。

8. I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounted for my appearance.

我是作为一个不拿工资的帮手赚来我的船费,这就是我为什么会衣冠不整的原因了。

9. Dick found himself walking in the direction of the church.

迪克发现自己不知不觉朝教堂方向走去。

10. Even if/though he is very nice, I don't trust him.

即使他很好,我也不太相信他。

语法

一、名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句的连接词,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类:

1.that(无含义,不充当成分)

2.whether, if(有“是否”的含义,但不充当成分)

3.连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom, whomever,whose,which,whichever.(在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语)

连接副词:when,whenever,where,wherever,how, however,why(在从句中做状语)

4.as if,as though,because(不充当成分,在名词性从句中只引导表语从句)

二、四类名词性从句语法要点

1.主语从句:在整个句子中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。

① What he wants to tell us is not clear.

他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。

② It is known to us how he became a writer.

我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

③ Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。

2.it作形式主语:有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。

It is clear that he is innocent in the accident.

很明显,他在这场事故中是无辜的。

3.宾语从句,在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

① He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

②We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.

我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。

③it作形式宾语:在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型中,如果宾语是从句的形式,则必须用it做形式宾语,把真正的宾语即宾语从句置于句末。

④We found it impossible that the so much work will be finidhed in one day.

我们发现一天之内完成这项工作不可能。

4.表语从句,在整个句子中用作表语的从句叫表语从句。

①The fact is that we have lost the game.

事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

②That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.

那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

③It looks as if it is going to rain.

看上去天要下雨了。

④This is because he has been working hard these days.

这是因为这些天他一直工作很努力。

注意:because,as if 和 as though在名词性从句中只能引导表语从句。

4.同位语从句,在整个句子中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。

同位语的含义:在句子中,如果有两个名词,并且后一个名词是对前一个名词的解释说明,它们两个指的是同一个人或同一个物,那么,后面的名词就叫前面名词的同位语。

① This is my friend, Tom.(Tom是my friend 的同位语。)

② 可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等抽象名词。

③ The news that we won the game is exciting.

我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

④ I have no idea when he will come back home.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

⑤ The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

5.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:

① I had no idea that you were here.

我不知道你在这里。

that无含义,that you were here 指的就是idea,所以是同位语从句,不能省略that

② Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you?

这本书给了你想法吗?

that指的是the idea,that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略

三、连接词that在名词性从句中可以省略的三种情况

1.it 做形式主语,that引导主语从句时

It is said (that) he has been studying abroad.

据说他一直在国外学习。

2.动词宾语从句中

I think (that) you have much to improve in English.

我认为你的英语需要提高的有很多。

3.形容词宾语从句中

I am afraid (that) I will be late.

恐怕我要迟到了。

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

重点词汇

1.system 系统,体系

2.theory 学说,理论

3.violent 猛烈的,激烈的

4.in time 及时,终于

5.unlike 不同,不像

6.harmful 有害的

7.lay eggs 下蛋

8.exist 存在,生存

9.give birth to 产生,分娩

10.in one's turn 轮到某人

11.prevent from 阻止

12.puzzle 谜,难题/使迷惑

13.pull 拉,牵引力

14.cheer up 感到振奋

15.now that 既然

16.break out 突发,爆发

17.watch out 密切注视

重点短语

1.think of…as 把……看作是......

2.a cloud of energetic dust 具有能量的尘埃

3.combine into… 合成……

4.move around the sun 环绕太阳运转

5.the solid surface 固体表面

6.explode loudly 猛烈爆炸

7.in time 及时,最终

8.produce the water vapor 产生水蒸汽

9.cool down 冷却

10.make the earth's atmosphere 构成了地球的大气层

11.on the surface 在表面

12.be different from… 与……不同

13.go round the sun 环绕太阳运转

14.disappear from… 从……消失

15.stay on… 存留在……

16.show one's quality 显现某人的特性

17.dissolve harmful gases 分解,溶解有害气体

18.develop life 发展生命

19.become part of… 变成……的一部分

20.grow in the water 在水里生长

21.encourage the development of… 鼓励……的发展

22.millions of years later 几万年以后

23.live on land 在陆地上生活

24.live in the sea 在海里生存

25.grow into forests 长成森林

26.produce young 生出幼仔

27.lay eggs 下蛋

28.animals with hands and feet 长着手脚的动物

29.move around 迁徙

30.spread all over the earth 遍布全世界

31.go by 过去,推移

32.develop new methods 发展了新的方法

33.prevent…from… 防止……做……

34.escape from… into… 从...…逃离到…...

35.depend on… 依靠,依赖,取决与…

36.solve a problem 解决问题

37.be lucky enough 足够幸运

38.make a trip 去旅行

39.visit the moon 参观月球

40.in the spaceship 在太空飞船中

41.explain to… that… 向…解释……

42.on the journey 在旅程中

43.rise into the air 升人太空

44.be off 启程

45.feel the pull of the earth 感觉到地球的拉力

46.call…gravity 称……为地球引力

47.push…into the seat 把……推向座位

48. say…to each other 向彼此说……

49.fall back to… 朝……落下去

50.fall from a tree 从树上掉下来

51.fall to the ground 朝地上落下去

52.get close to… 接近……

53.cheer up 高兴起来

54.float weightlessly around 失重飘来飘去

55.watch…do 看着……做

56.in the spaceship cabin 太空船舱

57.move freely 自由的活动

58.climb down the steps 从梯级上爬下来

59.step forward 向前迈步

60.fall over 摔倒

61.need practice 需要练习

62.get the hang of… 掌握了……的诀窍

63.enjoy oneself 过得愉快

64.leave the moon's gravity 摆脱月球引力

65.come back to… 回到……

重点句型

1.We usually think of science subjects as physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics.

通常我们认为科学学科为物理、化学、生物、和数学。

2.When are they to hand in their plan?

他们的计划什么时候交上来。

3.Whether we help him or not, he will fail.

不论我们帮助他与否,他都将失败。

4.It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.

它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石,最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。

5.It was quite different from what I expected.

它和我原来想的很不一样。

6.This made it possible for us to learn English better.

这使得我们有可能把英语学得更好。

7.Scientist believe that taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and filling the air with oxygen helped life to develop.

科学家认为,从大气中吸取二氧化碳,并向空气中释放氧气,有助于生命的发展。

8.He has experience as well as knowledge.

他既有学识又有经验。

9.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere ,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.

他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中。

10.Whether life will continute on the earth for millions of years will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

生命是否会在地球上延续几百万年要取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

Unit 5 Canada —“The True North”

1.rather than 与其,不愿

2.chat 聊天,闲聊

3.surround 包围,围绕

4.measure 测量,衡量,判定

5.settle down 定居,平静下来

6.manage to do 设法做

7.catch sight of 看见,瞥见

8.have a gift for 对…有天赋

9.within 在…之内,

10.border 边界,国界,边沿,与…接壤

11.mix 混合,调配

12.mixture 混合物

13.confirm 证实,证明,批准

14.distance 距离,远方

15.in the distance 在远处

16.nearby 在附近

17.tradition 传统,习俗

18.impress 使印象深刻

重点短语

1.frost on the ground 地上覆盖了一层薄霜

2.around noon 中午时分

3.the most wealthy and biggest city in Canada 加拿大最大最富有的城市

4.leave for… 去……

5.go on a tour of the city 继续在市内游览一番

6.go up the tower 登上塔顶

7.look across the lake 俯瞰湖面

8.flow into…流人……

9.flow over…流经……

10.on one’s way to… 在去……的路上

12.walk north 向北走

11.a covered stadium 加顶的运动场

15.move to… 移居到……

13.phone… from a telephone booth 在电话亭给……打电话

14.have dinner in downtown Chinatown 在市内的中国城吃晚饭

16.meet… at… 在……迎接……

17.get good Cantonese food 吃到好吃的广东菜

18.come from South China 来自中国南方

19.go as far as Ottawa 去到远至渥太华

20.about four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto 距多伦多东北大约有400公里

21.take too long 花费的时间长

22.at dawn 黎明

23.at the train station 在火车站

24.have English words in small letters 有小字体的英文标注

25.go downtown 到市区去

26.be close to… 接近……

27.spend the afternoon in the lovely shops 整个下午在可爱的商店

28.visit… in… 在……拜访……

29.sit in a café 坐在咖啡馆

30.look over… 眺望……

31.sit down with… 和……坐在一起

32.on a train trip across… 坐着火车上横穿……

33.have a French culture 具有法国文化

34.speed along the river toward… 沿着河流驶向……

35.dream of… 梦想……

36.on a trip 在旅途中

37.on the Atlantic coast 在大西洋海岸

38.take the aeroplane 乘飞机

39.fly from… to…从……飞行到……

40.take the train from… to… 乘火车从……到……

41.from west to east 从西到东

42.across Canada 横穿加拿大

43.cross the whole country 横贯整个国家

44.at the airport 在机场

45.take…to… 把……带到……

46.catch the train 乘坐火车

47.on the way to… 在去……的路上

48.see great scenery 看美丽壮观的风景

49.on the trip 在旅途中

50.go eastward 向东行驶

51.pass cities 经过城市

52.in less than five days 在不五天的时间里

53.from coast to coast 从一个海岸到另一个海岸

54.in the warmest part of… 在最热的地方

55.be surrounded by… 被……所包围

56.on the north 在北边

57.ski in the mountains 在山上滑雪

58.sail in the harbour 在港湾了扬帆行船

59.north of… ……的北边

60.settle down in the seat 落座

61.look out of the window at the wild scenery 从窗口看到了自然风光

62.a mountain goat 野山羊

63.a grizzly bear 大灰熊

64.a famous Western festival 有名的西方节日

65.come from all over… 全来自……

66.compete in doing 比赛做……

67.ride wild horses 驾驭野马

68.have a gift for doing 有天资/天分做…

69.work with… 与…共处

70.win…prizes 赢得……奖金

71.live within 320 kilometres of the USA border 居住在靠近美国320公里以内的边境地带

72.go through… 穿过……

73.a wheat-growing province 种植小麦的省份

74.thousands of square kilometers in size 面积有数千平方米

75.at the top end of… 在……的最上首

76.a busy port 繁忙的港口

77.rush through… 穿行过…...

重点句型

1.Canada is the second largest country in the world.

加拿大是世界上第二大的国家。

2.Success is within our grasp now.

现在我们成功在望了。

3.I’m feeling slightly better today.

我今天感到好一点了。

4.I prefer to play football rather than stay at home.

我宁愿踢足球而不愿呆在家里。

5.He gave me money as well as advice.(as well as 和;同;也)

他给我忠告并且给我钱。

6.These books are mine; the rest are yours.

这些书是我的,其他的都是你的。

7.I asked her a question but she remained silent.( remaine是连系动词,意思是“保持,仍然是”)

我问了她一个问题,但她保持沉默。

8.Many people think it is the most beautiful city in Canada, as it is surrounded by mountains on the north and east and the Pacific Ocean on the west.

许多人都认为温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市,因为来自它的北面和东面都被大山包围,而西面濒临太平洋。

9.Many of them have a gift for working with animals and they can win thousands of dollars in prizes.

他们中的许多人拥有与兽共舞的天分,因而能赢得数千美元的奖金。

10.You can have a view of Paris from the Eiffel Tower.

从埃菲尔铁塔上你可以看到巴黎全景。

11.Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the most wealthy and biggest city in Canada.

大约中午时分她们到了多伦多—加拿大最富有、最大的城市。

12.I accompanied him as far as the bus stop.

我陪他一直走到公共汽车站。

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