下面是小编帮大家整理的雅思阅读的出题规律（共含10篇），希望对大家的学习与工作有所帮助。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“阴阳老师傅”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
雅思阅读的出题规律
1.顺序：雅思阅读考题基本上都是按照文章顺序来设置的;
2.首尾：统计发现在文章首尾句以及首尾段落，约有50%的考题出于此;
3.改写：出题关键字基本都是对文章内容的改写，几乎题目关键字没有与原文内容重复的;
4.图表：通常来说阅读文章中有图表的话，会在此设置相应的题目。
5.名词：名词基本上都是关键字，常常会设置相应的考题;
6.连词：表相似、递进、因果、转折以及比较的连词前后，通常会设置考题;
7.数字：阅读考试中也会出现一些带有简单运算的简答题;
8.下定义：破折号，同位语从句，定语从句，通常会出现相应的考题;
9.举例原则：For example/For instance/Such as等短语前面是考点;
10.特殊字体/符号原则：通常来说如果原文中有出现黑体，斜体，下划线，以及括号，引号“”等，常常会设置题目。
雅思阅读点拨：掌握英语同义词是关键
一、英语词库，即你是否拥有英语对英语的同义词词库，还是只知道中文的意思，要知道这是国际性的英语考试所以他绝对不会以你做中国试题的思维考测你，雅思阅读就是全文的找答案，可是你所定位的词很多时候不会老老实实地坐在原文里等着你，这就需要你具备英语同义词的能力。
如有一道题目，是T/F/NG，题目是：The Medical reference books in Tang Dynasty range from both academical and
practicalcontents. 这句话的考点词是非常明确的，医疗书是否既包括学术，又包括实践的内容，如果只有其中一个，而不包括另一个，一定是NO。在原文中学生怎么也找不到答案，所以选了NG，你是绝对拿不到高分的，因为在原文中，academic变成了theoritical，然而practical却变成了pragmatic，medial reference books转为了medician texts，在学生应用对应法技巧时，如果没有同义词的积累，这题是做不出来的。
二、你的paraprase的能力，就是改句子的能力，但不是写句子，是让你改。高手都很擅长改句子，换了一句话或几句话来说，但是表达一样的意思。 这就是我说的in other words，这个能力在heading list题型里，淋漓尽致地体现了考官的此意图，如题目：The companyemployers show less caring to their staffs. 老板对员工不像从前那样关心了。
原文：The caring image of company has gone.公司关怀员工的形象一去不返了。多么的经典了，所以考官是希望你具备这样的识别能力，可是不做这方面的能力训练，如何能达到这样的识别能力?
三、句子主干的分析，当你通过同义词或paraphrase的能力找到答案所在处时，你要大概的知道这句话的意思，或者你要使用对应法的技巧。可是学生一看到许多单词都不懂，都不知道怎么做了，所以要有分析主干的能力，知道什么是要看的，什么不用看，这里面名堂就多了，老师的经验就充分的体现在这里。
并不是教你看得懂整句话的老师就是很棒，而是教你在单词都看不懂的情况下，仍然能看得懂，这才是最重要的。因为你到了国外念书，每日的阅读量是几百页，而且许多单词对你而言可能都很陌生，如果你把每个单词慢慢的查，每个句式慢慢地分析，你死定了，一天就算你牛，也最多20页左右，而且看完了，也不记得看了什么。这部分是典型的能力加技巧。
四、速度，要有“大义灭亲”的精神，一道题目1分半做不出，一定要学会放弃，告诉自己，一道题目算什么，17道没有了，我还能得6分呢。因为即使是最难的文章也会给学生送分的题目，所以千万要学会放弃
雅思阅读素材：药物研究失败的原因
The Triumph of Unreason
A.
Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or “utility”， in economist-speak) from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.
B.
The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past， such as obtaining food and mates， and confronting or fleeing from threats， the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes， evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?
C.
One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein， an economist at Carnegie Mellon University， in Pittsburgh. In particular， he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists， Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology， to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.
D
In a study， the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a DVD of the television show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another. In each round of the task， the researchers first presented the product and then its price， with each step lasting four seconds. In the final stage， which also lasted four seconds， they asked the volunteers to make up their minds. While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment， the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)。 This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain， as an indication of its activity.
E.
The researchers found that different parts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test. The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed. Moreover， the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.
F.
When the price appeared， however， fMRI reported more activity in other parts of the brain. Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex， a brain region linked to expectations of pain， monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures. The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain when the subject decided not to purchase an item.
G.
Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex， too. This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation. In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteer's reaction to both product and price， rather than to price alone. Thus， the sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex， and this often preceded a decision to buy.
H.
People's shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards. What Dr Loewenstein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex)， even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex. His hypothesis is that rather than weighing the present good against future alternatives， as orthodox economics suggests happens， people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.
I.
That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for trading. If one useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time)， the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded.
Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason. Buying on credit， though， may be different. The abstract nature of credit cards， coupled with the deferment of payment that they promise， may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”。
J.
Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing. These will test whether people with distinctly different spending behaviour， such as miserliness and extravagance， experience different amounts of pain in response to prices. They will also assess whether， in the same individuals， buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash. If they find that it does， then credit cards may have to join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods， and recreational drugs， that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste. Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
雅思阅读备考：词汇量的重要性
词汇是看懂一篇文章的前提，也是很多学生非常痛苦和急于解决的难题。从平时的阅读调查问卷里可以看出，很多学生都把“词汇”写在了雅思备考中最难准备的一项和阻碍雅思取得高分的“拦路虎”。由此可以看出，很多学生对词汇有些犯憷，但知道词汇是通往雅思考试，尤其是阅读考试必须跨越的一个门槛。学生们常常都会问要多少词汇量才可以攻克雅思考试?如何在短时间内迅速地提高单词的认识速度和扩大词汇量?哪些词汇可以忽略，哪些词汇必须知道并会灵活应用?下文中，专家就将对这些问题一一解答。
不可否认的是，考生要想阅读考到6分以上，就必须具备一定的词汇量。在这里笔者想提醒的是：雅思阅读考试中难免会遇到难词。正如雅思考官所言，IELTS考试对于本土人士 (native speaker)也是很有挑战的(challenging)，即有些词汇对于English Native Speaker 而言也是生疏的，更何况是英语只是一门外语的中国学生?当然，这也不足为怪，一门语言就是一个世界，而我们每个人的知识又是有限的，因此不要强求和指望基础比较薄弱的中国考生要在短时间内掌握一万或两万的词汇。因为人的记忆有个漫长的规律：记住—遗忘—重复记忆—遗忘—记住的规律。因此，不要把词汇视为通往雅思高分的唯一条件。但对于词汇量比较薄弱的同学，在此提出以下建议：
一、对于备考时间紧凑的学员来讲，单纯地去积累词汇，是个耗时又不一定能够迅速见成效的方法。根据笔者多年的实战经验和教学经验，其实一个学生如果要上6，6.5，5000左右的常用高频单词就可以。而要上7分和8分的同学应保证有6000个或以上的词汇量。这些词汇包括：雅思阅读的高频词汇、及其同义词、近义词或同根词、以及英语中一些常用的固定搭配。
二、避免记忆一些人名地名、专业术语和又长又难或比较生僻的专业词汇，这些词汇并不是雅思阅读考试的重点，可以忽略不计。用一个符号来做一个标记就可以。没有必要把精力花费在这些单词方面。举例：The orbital cortex, the region that becomes active in Goel’s experiment, seems the best candidate for the site that feeds such feelings into higher-level thought processes, with its close connections to the brain’s sub-cortical arousal apparatus and centers of metabolic control.(摘自于剑桥真题的一句话)
在上述句子中所有的有下划线部分的名词短语可以忽略不计，或者是视作一个A、B、...符号，就可以了。是否知道这些词的真正含义并不影响对这个句子的理解。因此，这些词汇不在之前提到的5000,6000词汇之内。
三、在雅思阅读备考中，词汇只需达到认知(cognition)就可以，不要求书写。即使有填空题，那些词也是来自原文，所以只要考试时做到足够认真，就无需担心拼写的问题!故雅思阅读的词汇，与它混个脸熟，认识就可以了，没有必要天天用笔在纸上边发音、边拼写的那样辛苦记忆。
四、英语这门语言是个线性语言。词汇并不是我们理解文章的唯一途径。很多时候，我们发现这样的怪事：我们认识句子里的每个单词，但是就是看不懂句子所讲述的内容。原因很简单，我们只是单个去记每个词的含义，而忽略了：有时几个小词组合成一个新的词组，也可能延伸出与这些单个词本身含义完全不同的意思。如果不认识这个词组的整体含义，一切白费。如：rather, other, than这三个小词，应该是无人不知、无人不晓。但是：rather than, other than呢?又作何讲?二者又有什么区分?又有多少学员可以清楚地区分出来?又如：anything but, nothing but? out of question, out of the question? 而这些词组恰恰又是阻碍学员理解的难点和重点!所以要把注意力放在这些知识点方面!
五、建议考生多收集和积累一些英语中常用的惯用搭配。特别是每个词搭配成短语后，与原来各个单词的意思截然不同的短语。譬如在真题中出现过这样一个词组：have a bearing on…，在许多同学的头脑中知道“bear”这个单词做动词表示忍受;做名词指熊。但是这里这个词组却与这两个意思完全无关，这个词组的意思是：be linked to or associated with。由此可以看出，其实这些固定搭配在很多时候会阻止我们迅速理解原文句子，迅速得出正确答案。
总而言之，同学们要学会把有限的备考时间分配好，就像是把刀用在刀刃上。虽然有人说：你们年轻，有的是时间可以挥霍!可是毕竟备考是个很辛苦的过程。而且次次进考场，再加上学校要成绩的日子越近，心理上的压力就会越来越大。中国有句古话叫做：一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭!所以一定要认真对待每次备考，注意学会策略和技巧，争取早日拿到理想的成绩!
雅思阅读选择题其实这样考
什么才不是被动的刷题，而是有效的备考解题呢?那就需要烤鸭们站在巨人的肩膀上来看考官在出题时，脑袋里在想些神马东西?我们今天就拿阅读题型中的选择题来给大家解析一下考官的出题套路。如果要问雅思阅读中难度最大的题型是哪种题型，相信99%的烤鸭都会说是选择题。的确，选择题是最考查学生能力的题型，因为考生必须要读懂句子，正确理解识并识别同义替换，才能选出正确的选项。所以，这个题目就成了让无数烤鸭在考场上尽折腰的题目，也是想考阅读8+高分的烤鸭们必须要突破的题目。
如果选择题是这样的:
出题模式一：
句子1：It seems that the viewer can sense the artists’ vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.
题目：下面哪个选项与上句意思一致?
A mostly favour works of art which they know well.
Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.
Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.
Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.
那么应该90%的同学可以做对，正确答案是D。如果做不对的同学，请你踏踏实实去背背YOYO的核心词或是学术核心词汇566吧。
但是，选择题的实际出题模式是这样的：
出题模式二：
这篇文章的标题是：Neuroaesthetics
题目：Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that people
A mostly favour works of art which they know well.
Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.
Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.
Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.
原文出题点：Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusettes, responded to this debate by asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings - either the creations of famous abstract artists or the doodles of infants, chimps and elephant. They then had to judge which they preferred. A third of the paintings were given no captions, while many were labelled incorrectly-volunteers might think they were viewing a chimp’s messy brushstrokes when they were actually seeing an acclaimed masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an animal or a child. It seems that the viewer can sense the artist’s vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.
出题模式一，其实就是雅思选择题的本质所在。出题模式二是正常的雅思考试的出题模式，配上抽象的主题和很多看似简单又读不懂的无关信息，以此来加大考试的难度，这就是雅思考官出题的套路。出题模式一和二一对比，大家就明白了，其实选择题，真正的难点在于：同学们往往不能准确定位出考官的出题点到底是哪一句子。烤鸭们一般可以大概定位到题目出题“面”--- 段落，但是，却不能准确定位“点”--出题的句子。所以，很多同学常常有需要读一整段或是两个段落来解一个选择题的错觉。
简言之，雅思阅读选择题的解题关键是：一定要能够准确点位出题点!这样，就可以有效排除很多干扰信息了。而在仅有的一个句子中，去读懂，再去识别选项的同义替换，这样选择题的难度就大大减小了。
那么，问题来了?如何锁定出题点呢?如何做到从“面”到“点”的准确定位呢?
定位选择题的出题点，可以根据题目的提问方式，来进行分类，每类题目的出题点和出题规律一般都是比较固定。雅思选择题的提问方式和出题点位置，一般可以分为以下几大类：
出题规律1：实验看结果
1.考查实验相关的题目，一般重点都是考实验的结果，重点直接去文中快速锁定实验的结果，一般表结果的关键词是：findings, ...found that..., It seems that..., it would seem that....
正常来说：当讲到某个实验的时候，文中的行文顺序：WHY该实验的背景/目的--HOW该实验如何进行--WHAT实验对象在实验做了什么或是如何表现的---Results/Findings。所以，当提到某个实验时，一般会有2-3句来讲实验的why, how和what，结果往往放在最后。解题时，直接快速跳到实验后边去看实验的结果。
如上题所示：题目问Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate...(他的实验结果表明....), 文中，段落前几句描述的都是跟实验相关的内容，到最后一句It seems that..., 才是结果。考生们在做题前，如果能够非常清晰的了解这个特点的话，就可以高效准确的解题了。
出题规律2：例子看观点
2.题目考查具体例子的，一般都是问例子说明或支持的观点，重点看原文例子的前后句。举例都是为了说明观点的。如果段落开头就是例子的，则需要看例子所在段落的前段的主要观点，观点的位置一般在上段的最后部分，提出一个观点，然后下段用例子证明。一般例子讲完后，在例子后边会再次总结一下观点。简言之，出现例子的重点看例子前后的句子。
出题规律3：主旨细节要分清
3.如果题目提问中出现段落的，如果是问段落大意，就看段落主题句，快速把握段落主旨。出现段落，但不问主旨的，一定要先定好段落中具体细节，再解题。如: According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant? 题目中提到第8段，但是不能看一整个段落解题，还要定位到关键词geography 所在的句子，理解后再做题。
雅思阅读做不完的原因诊断
1. 没有良好的阅读习惯
随着网络的发展，信息进入爆炸发展的时代，人们对信息的摄入显得越来越浮躁，现在的人们对于阅读材料一旦字数超过140就很难坚持读下去(这也是微博字数限制140的原因)，相信很多同学读到这个位置的时候已经忍不住想关掉退出了，心想“mark一下回头再看吧!”
但是雅思阅读文章都是700-1000字不等的文章，在阅读中容易出现走神的现象耽误时间。
解决方案
每天坚持泛读一篇完整的，1000字左右的英文材料，BBC news就是个不错的选择。
2. 英语语言基础薄弱
词汇&语法基础薄弱，阅读过程中生词太多，或是长难句难以抓住句子主干，不能了解中心思想，导致反复阅读及猜想，耽误了时间。
解决方案
通过精读雅思阅读文章的方式积累单词，辨析长难句巩固语法。为自己定下目标，每天至少通过精读的方式记住比如50个生词(根据自身情况而定)，至少一个以前不会的语法点。
3. 短时记忆力差
看完题之后回到原文中扫读文章找出题点，结果找的过程中忘了题目说的是什么而读漏了，再翻过去看题，来回翻来回找，浪费了时间。
解决方案
循序渐进锻炼短时记忆力，从1道题开始，读完闭上眼，脑中重复2次该题内容。回到原文中每读完一小段马上再重复回忆题目内容。能够无障碍记忆一道题之后，同时记忆两道题再扫读原文。以此类推。
生活中也可以时刻锻炼短时记忆能力，比如说朋友的电话号码，走在街上看到瞬间开过的车牌照，等等等都可以加强你的短时记忆能力，这个是可以靠短期的训练来提高的。
4. 患有注意力缺失症
患有注意力缺失症的话，会很难坚持一句一句的扫读原文，大脑会带着眼睛在文章里乱扫，浪费了时间却完全没走心。
解决方案
可以自行百度“舒尔特表”来进行练习集中注意力。画一个5X5的表格，1写到正中间，其他2-25乱序随机写到其他空格，练习时眼睛盯着中间的1，用旁光去按顺序搜索2-25。
5. 对雅思阅读考试不了解
没有参加过雅思培训，不了解考官出题模式，不了解雅思阅读文章写作规律，还在用原始的“先看文章再看题作答”的模式，或是在用精读原文每一句话的强迫症阅读方式，导致时间不够。没有在考场上正确的合理的分配阅读和解题的时间。
解决方案
反复计时刷题、来听孟老师的雅思阅读课程。
6. 瞎
这个老师帮不到你，千万不要放弃治疗。
以上这些提升雅思阅读解题速度的方法适用于还有一定准备时间的同学，阅读速度不是一朝一夕就能有效提升的，要靠慢慢的积累，综合能力的加强。
如果马上就要考试的同学，短时间内能做的就是练习合理的安排答题时间，记住一点：咱的目标不是读完三篇文章，而是做完40道题，其实也不是做完40道题，而是把30道题做对拿7分以上。读完三篇文章和做对30道题是截然不同的概念。所以短期备考的同学要学会取舍。如果你的目标是7分，你可以错10道题呢，一篇文章才13道题，相当于可以放弃将近一整片文章。
雅思阅读练习题：对待人口老龄化的态度
ON a stage decorated with tinsel(金箔) and fairy lights, Liu Changsheng is singing “The East is Red” into a microphone, wearing a yellow and grey tracksuit(运动套装). For Mr Liu, the Maoist anthem(赞美诗;颂歌) of the 1960s may arouse memories more vivid than those he has of his immediate past. Now in his seventies, he has dementia(痴呆症), an incurable brain disease that is often revealed by a loss of short-term memory(短时记忆). For two years Mr Liu has lived at the Qianhe Nursing Home in northern Beijing in a facility for around 75 dementia patients. They are among the few sufferers of this condition in China who receive specialist care.
Dementia has mostly been a rich-world sickness, because it becomes more common as people live longer. China is fast catching up. Life expectancy(期待寿命) increased from 45 in 1960 to 77 now, and the population is ageing rapidly: one person in six is over 60 now; by 2025 nearly one in four will be. Factors that increase the (age-adjusted) risk of developing dementia are also on the rise, including obesity(肥胖症), smoking, lack of exercise and diabetes(糖尿病).
Already about 9 m people in China have some form of dementia. In absolute terms, that is more than twice as many as in America.(从绝对数看，这个数字是美国的两倍以上。) It is also more than double the number in India, a country with a population similar in size to China’s but a much younger one. Nearly two-thirds of China’s sufferers have the form known as Alzheimer’s(老年痴呆症), cases of which have tripled since 1990. The number of Alzheimer’s patients may increase another fourfold between now and 2050.
China’s government is woefully(不幸地) unprepared for this crisis, with a severe lack of health-care provision for sufferers. So too is the public. Despite recent public-information campaigns, many Chinese regard dementia as a natural part of ageing, not as a disease, and do not know that it is fatal. Others see it as a psychological ailment(疾病) rather than a degeneration of the brain itself. It carries a stigma(污名) of mental illness, making sufferers and their relatives reluctant to seek help. This compounds(使......严重化) the suffering caused by dementia: active management can sometimes slow its progress.
Even at the Qianhe Nursing Home, where Mr Liu lives, some aspects of the care appear crude(初级的;原始的). A shared “activity” space for dementia sufferers has no games or toys to entertain them; relatives are discouraged from visiting more than once a week for fear of “disturbing” their kin (in the West, care homes encourage visits, which can be stimulating and provide a sense of warmth and familiarity). Some dementia patients end up in psychiatric wards, which cannot deal effectively with their specific requirements. There is an acute shortage of medical workers qualified to treat sufferers(合格的医护工作人员严重缺乏来治疗患者。). One reason is that few are attracted to the work. Zhang Xiurong, 50, a care assistant at Qianhe, is paid less than 3,000 yuan ($450) a month, close to the average national migrant wage, to provide all patients’ basic needs 12 hours a day, with only four days off a month. “No Chinese parent wants their one daughter to work in a hospital cleaning bedpans,” says Michael Phillips of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
In the West most patients go to a care home for the final brutal stages of the disease, which can last more than a year. In China families carry most of the burden from beginning to end. The government has long underinvested in social care, assuming that adult children will take responsibility(在社会照护方面，政府长期投入不足，认为应该由长大的孩子来负责。). But this is unsustainable. Plunging birth rates since the 1970s, exacerbated(使加重;使恶化) by a one-child-per-couple policy, mean that the number of working-age adults per person over 65 will fall by 2050 from ten to 2.5. Migration into cities (see article) is leaving some elderly people in the countryside without family members to care for them.
Need for new thinking
The government has been slow to recognise the scale of the problem. It funds some dementia research, but the money goes to scientists looking for a cure, rather than to those trying to find ways of alleviating(减轻) the suffering of patients who have no chance of one. (政府资助了一些痴呆症研究，但是拥有经费的科学家们寻找的是治疗方案，而不是致力于找到办法来减轻那些根本没治的病人的痛苦。)“People don’t get Nobel prizes or grants for developing a strategy for community care,” says Dr Phillips.
In any country care can be expensive, both for families and governments. In China the government will find itself having to spend much more as relatives prove unequal to the task. Because family members rarely understand the condition, more than 90% of dementia cases go undetected(没被发现的), according to a study led by Ruoling Chen of King’s College in London. Sufferers will benefit when the government at last realises it has to step in.
Vocabulary
anthem 赞美诗;颂歌
dementia 痴呆症
short-term memory 短时记忆
life expectancy 期待寿命
obesity 肥胖症
diabetes 糖尿病
woefully 不幸地
ailment 疾病
stigma 污名
compound 使......复杂化;化合物
crude 原始的;粗鲁的
exacerbate 使......恶化
alleviate 减轻
undetected 未被发现的
读句子，记雅思词汇
1. No compound that would safely achieve the same feat in people has been found yet, but the search has beeninformative and has fanned hope that caloric-restriction (CR) mimetics can indeed be developed eventually.(剑6T3P3)
参考译文：安全地在人类实现同样效果的化合物还没有找到，但是这份研究已经很有启发性，最终开发出控热仿生物的希望被点燃了。
2. Could such a‘caloric-restriction mimetic’, as we call it, enable people to stay healthy longer, postponing age-related disorders (such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life? (剑6T3P3)
参考译文：我们口中的这种“模拟热量限制法”是否真的可以让人们更长久地保持健康呢，也就是说是否可以推迟与年龄相关的疾病(比如糖尿病，动脉粥样硬化，心脏病和癌症)的发生，直到我们很大年纪呢?
雅思写作话题的出题规律
1. 给出一种观点——Do you agree or disagree?
Nowadays computer are widely used in education. As a result, some people think teachers no longer play important roles in classrooms.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. 给出两种对立的观点——Discuss both views and give your own opinions.
Some people argue that there are no basic differences between the way men and women approach academic study. Others insist that there are big differences in areas such as organization, attitude and ambition.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
3. 分析优缺点——Do you think the advantages/ benefits outweigh its disadvantages/ problems?
Some people agree to adopt a new language (Such as English) that can be used by people all of the world for international communication.
Do you think the benefits of this would outweigh the problems?
Report:
给出一种现象 1. Why? 2. Result? 3. Solution?
1/2或1/3
(1/2) Nowadays, people always throw the old things away when they buy new things; whereas in the past, old things were repaired and used again. What factors cause this phenomenon? What effects the phenomenon leads to?
(1/3) Many species of plants and animals are dying out. What are the causes of this trend? How can we prevent it?
雅思写作范文：气候变化
Some people think instead of preventing climate change, we should find ways to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
有人认为我们应该学会适应气候而不是防止气候变化。你在多大程度上同意或者不同意?
参考范文：
These days, no one would deny the importance of protecting the environment.But there is no consensus on how to achieve this end. Some people believe that social members may try to tolerate the changing climate rather than endeavor to make a difference.I find it really difficult to justify this argument.
The climate change and its following impacts indeed have already been on the global scale and people have to admit this undesired social reality. The reasons for this may involve the recognition that environmental problems are mainly found in underdeveloped countries, where industrial or agricultural developments are the top priorities and have to be placed ahead of environmental issues. As a result it is likely for these nations to explore it excessive natural resource to stimulate the economic growth . In the absence of facilities or technologies, those countries have difficulties in balance the economy and the environment. For this reason a large number of people will unfortunately sacrifice their wishes of living in a comfortable zone, but accept the degenerated living surroundings.
However, this doesn't automatically mean that we may simply surrender in the battle against the climate change. After all the rare effort may contribute to the even more outrageous climate disasters,including the glacier melting, drought and flood. In this case,there must be some measures adopted to prevent the regression. One possible approach to urge government to enforce strict laws.These laws can punish environmentally destructive activities and determine businesses and individuals from releasing astonishing amount of carbon dioxide and other kinds of greenhouse gas, Which can effectively postpone the process of global warming. Moreover, in coping with this issue countries worldwide may join forces and make a concerted instead of working individually for inconsistent targets. For example those economically and technologically advanced nations can provide their aids to their less-advanced counterparts in order to restore the environment there.
As analysed above the climate change seems to be inevitable and inextricably intertwined with the economic development. However if we collaborate with each other,this phenomenon can be addressed properly.
(346 words )
雅思写作范文：消费品危害自然
opic：
The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?
Sample answer：
The high demand of consumer goods has led to the depletion of natural resources as well as environmental degradation. How to reverse this situation should be paid more attention and both the government and individuals should take responsibility for this.
The past decades have witnessed the expansion of human population, which results in the ever-growing requirement for various products such as food, clothing. Not only does this cause the decrease of natural resources, but also contributes to environmental deterioration. An example of this is that people cut down more trees for disposable chopsticks and furniture, leading to deforestation in many areas. This further causes some problems like soil, erosion, droughts and change in temperature.
Another reason is that people lack environmental awareness. Otherwise, they would not live a throw-away life and cause some avoidable waste or pollution. A large number of people have not yet realized the importance of recycling, nor are they conscious of the households appliances can end up in landfill sites and these non-biodegradable products can have a destructive effect on the environment.
To cope with this problem, governments should firstly try to raise public's awareness for environmental protection and recycling. Besides, they should also invest heavily in some renewable energy resources such as nuclear, solar or wind energy. Meanwhile, ordinary people should make an effort to consume less and recycle more and classify rubbish in order to reduce the damage of waste.
To sum up, the increase of world population and insufficient environmental consciousness are associated with the issue stated. And to combat with it, every member in the society should take actions.
(267 words)
雅思写作范文：科技带来环境问题
Task：Developments of technology are causing environmental problems. Some people think the solution is that everyone accepts a simpler life, while others believe that technology can solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Sample answer：
There is no doubt that modern technology has caused a variety of environmental issues, both in cities and towns. Ironically, I feel that technology can address some of these problems but at the same time, personal effort is a must.
Theoretically, addressing some environmental issues by adopting simple lifestyles is sensible. According to the statistics, during the last 100 years, the earth’s surface temperature has risen dramatically because of human activities. Therefore,some people feel that the changes in our lifestyles can reverse this worrying trend. For example, the growing number of vehicles on the road emits a large quantity of green house gases, such as carbon dioxide, which will worsen the air quality. If residents chose other modes of transport, like buses or subways, this serious condition would be alleviated to a large extent. However, in my opinion, this policywould be very unpopular withsome people,especially those living in the suburb, who do need to travel on roads.
While it is undeniable that an individual’s behaviour has a profound effect on the environment, other people argue that the improvement in technology can tackle some problems in turn. For example, the technology today is available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use. Persuading manufacturers and travellers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality fundamentally.
My own view is that apart from individual effort and environmental friendly technologies, we need to do more, such as introducing related laws and regulations. Environmental problems are so complex that each effort should be combined together to win the battle.
(274 words)
雅思阅读题的顺序与逆序出题规律一览 14种题型一一拆解
雅思阅读的题型设置非常多，我们熟悉的“multiple choice”仅仅是雅思阅读14种题型中的一种。不过Ieltser们不要担心，实际上这么多种题型所考察的你的subskill是共通的。虽然题型很多，但只要你掌握基本的阅读技巧，以不变应万变还是很轻松的。
下面进入正题，雅思14种题型到底哪些遵循顺序出题的套路呢?
雅思阅读出题规律之判断题
首先，这两种题型可不是考官随心所欲的产物。T/F/NG题型多出现在前两篇阅读中，而Y/N/NG大多出现在第三篇中。为啥?因为T/F/NG一般是根据所有的facts，也就是事实判断来出题，Y/N/NG是根据idea或者argument，也就是观点来出题。而我们在“三篇文章难度是否一致”那期文章中讲到过，前两篇文章大多是说明类事实陈述文章，而第三篇文章相对来说观点类的会更多一点。大家懂了吗，可以找出剑桥真题检验一下哦。这两种题型很nice，一般都是顺序出题的。
雅思阅读出题规律之summary题型
这种题型又可能分成两种，一种是带选项的，一种是不带选项的。宝宝们猜猜哪一种会更简单?答案是不带选项的会更简单一点。因为不带选项的意味着你可以把文章中的原词直接写上，这里面是不需要太多的同义替换技巧的，找到原文，抄下来原词，搞定。
至于带选项的summary，你会发现题目中会设置同义替换，也有可能会有一些归纳总结。也就是原文当中三句话的内容，对应到题目summary里的浓缩成了一句话描述，甚至最后选的词有可能是一个归纳总结性的词。这对大家的理解概括能力以及同义词掌握程度要求就比较高。(再次强调同意替换词的重要性，宝宝们一定坚持背我们的同义替换打卡计划)。这种题型还很任性，有可能是顺序有可能是乱序。
雅思阅读出题规律之list of headings
这种题型平时我们用中文说的话就是小标题题或者段落标题题。这种题型肯定是乱序出题的，毕竟如果matching headings是顺序出题的话，这题就没法做了，直接一段对一个标题。(虽然大家很希望如此对吧)
雅思阅读出题规律之multiple choice
这其实是我们做的比较多的一种题型，这里面又包含了两种题型，一种是四选一的，一般来说会在第3篇文章中出现;还有一种是五选二或者多选多的。这些题目一般来讲会是顺序出题。
雅思阅读出题规律之matching information
就是会有几句话放在一个地方，然后题目描述会问你“哪一个段落包含以下信息?”这种问法熟悉吧。这个题型是乱序出题的。另外要注这information里有一个技巧，所有的这些的题干在开始会有一个抽象词，比如说adscription，example，或者是figure类似的。你在定位原文的时候要注意这些提示词。
雅思阅读出题规律之matching features
给你几个人物让你在原文当中找他的观点，或者几个年代让你在原文中在不同年代发生的事情。大家注意一下这种题目一定是乱序出题的，如果是顺序的话也就没有matching的意义了，所以所有的matching题一点是乱序的。
这里提醒大家额外注意，matching features的选项是顺序的。举个例子，题目要求你把5个人名和他们的观点进行配对，那么这5个人的观点，也就是选项部分，在原文当中是顺序出现的。所以这种题型的解题技巧是按照选项顺序对照原文，然后再对应这些基本观点是出自哪些人。所以matching features是乱序出题，但是选项是顺序出现在原文中的。
雅思阅读出题规律之matching sentence endings
就是每个题干都是半句话，下面选项中有很多后半句，让你做一个基本的对应。这种题型是乱序出题的。
雅思阅读出题规律之table completion，也就是表格填空。它的顺序不一定，有可能顺序也有可能乱序。
雅思阅读出题规律之sentence completion，就是一句话中间给你挖出一个空填上就行。也有时候会挖两个空，一般来讲这两个空会有并列关系，它们两个算一道题计一次分。这种题型一般是顺序出题的。
雅思阅读出题规律之notes completion，题型设置和table completion很相似，不一定顺序还是乱序。
雅思阅读出题规律之labeling diagram。给你一个diagram然后你在原文中找到对应说明段落再把空填好。这种题目同样有可能会顺序也有可能会乱序。另外这个题型在OG里面或者剑11里面都出现过，所以大家关注一下。
雅思阅读出题规律之short answer question，就是简答题。直接给你一个题目，你用一两个或者两三个单词回答。这种题型是顺序出题的，每个题的题干在原文当中和自然段的顺序是对应的。
雅思阅读出题规律之flow chart completion，这个和diagram比较像，大家在做的时候直接看题目描述就可以了。题目描述是怎么说的，它就对应哪一种题型。同样，这种题型有可能顺序出题，也有可能乱序。
简单总结一下雅思阅读的14种题型，一定会顺序出题的有5种，一定会乱序出题的有4种，剩下5种不太好说，以顺序为主，可能夹杂着一两题出现乱序的情况。
雅思阅读素材积累：Difference Engine: Volt farce
FOR General Motors, a good deal of the company's recovery from its brush with bankruptcy is riding on the Chevrolet Volt (Opel or Vauxhall Ampera in Europe), its plug-in hybrid electric vehicle launched a year ago. Not that GM expects the sleek four-seater to be a cash cow. Indeed, the car company loses money on every one it makes. But the $41,000 (before tax breaks) Chevy Volt is a “halo” car designed to show the world what GM is capable of, and to lure customers into dealers' showrooms—to marvel at the vehicle's ingenious technology and its fuel economy of 60 miles per gallon (3.9litres/100km)—and then to drive off in one or other of GM's bread-and-butter models.
So, it is no surprise that GM should bend over backwards to mollify customers concerned by recent news of the Volt's lithium-ion battery catching fire following crash tests. GM is offering to loan cars to Volt owners worried about their vehicle's safety while an official investigation is underway and modifications made if deemed necessary. The company has
Even offered to buy vehicles back from owners who have lost confidence in the technology. There have not been many takers. As of December 5th, fewer than three dozen owners—out of 6,400 Volts sold to date in North America—had requested loan cars. And only a couple of dozen had asked for their Volts to be bought back. At a suitable price, your correspondent would have welcomed the chance to buy one of those secondhand buy-backs for himself, had they not already been snapped up by employees. Dan Akerson, GM's chief executive, is believed to have bought one for his wife.
The trouble all started in May, when the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) carried out a routine 20 mph (32km/h) crash test on a Volt—to simulate a sideways impact with a tree or telegraph pole followed by a rollover. Three weeks after the test, the car's 16 kilowatt-hour battery pack caught fire in NHTSA's car park, destroying the vehicle and several others nearby.
Shortly thereafter, both NHTSA and the carmaker repeated the side-impact and rollover test on at least two other cars, all to no effect. However, in subsequent tests—carried out in November by experts from the energy and defence departments as well as GM—the investigators deliberately damaged the battery packs and ruptured their coolant lines. One battery pack behaved normally. Another emitted smoke and sparks hours after it was flipped on its back. And a third exhibited a temporary increase in temperature, but then burst into flames a week later.
GM claims the initial fire in June would never have happened if the NHTSA's engineers had drained the Volt's battery immediately after the impact. It is odd that they did not. When crash testing a conventional petrol-powered car, the standard procedure is to drain the fuel tank to prevent any chance of fire. It would seem reasonable to do the equivalent with an electric vehicle.
But, then, GM did not adopt a “depowering” protocol for the Volt until after the June fire. Even when it did, it failed to share the procedure with the safety agency until embarking on the November tests. In the wake of the latest findings, GM is now working with the Society of Automotive Engineers, NHTSA and other vehicle manufacturers, as well as fire-fighters, tow-truck operators and salvage crew, to implement an industry-wide standard for handling battery-powered vehicles involved in accidents.
Toyota ran into similar troubles when its Prius hybrid car was introduced over a decade ago. Though the Prius's battery pack is considerably smaller than the Volt's, fire-fighters and other first-responders had to learn how to disarm the vehicle following an accident—by removing fuses from under the bonnet and pulling a catch beneath the rear storage area to isolate the high-voltage system. Until they had done so, they were warned, they were on no account to take a metal cutter to an overturned Prius to extricate trapped occupants. Lurking beneath the floor was a big orange cable carrying a heavy current that would have fried anyone slicing through it.
The lithium-ion cells used in the Volt's battery pack have many virtues. They are much lighter and operate at a higher voltage than other rechargeable cells—and can therefore store more energy for a given weight. In addition, they have no “memory effect” (the tendency to accept less and less charge each time they are recharged) and can also hold their charge far longer than, say, the nickel-metal hydride cells used in the Prius. For good reason, all plug-in electric vehicles, including the Nissan Leaf and the forthcoming Ford Focus Electric plus Toyota's long-awaited plug-in Prius, have embraced lithium-ion chemistry.
But lithium is a highly reactive element. If overcharged, physically damaged or allowed to get too hot, lithium-ion cells can experience thermal “runaway” and even explode—as has happened on numerous occasions with the lithium-ion batteries in laptop computers and mobile phones. Also, if allowed to drain completely, they can short-circuit and make recharging dangerous. For these reasons, all lithium-ion rechargeable batteries contain circuitry that shuts them down when their voltage rises above or falls below a certain level.
To help keep the Volt's 435lb (197kg) battery pack at the right temperature, GM designed a sophisticated thermal-management system. This is separate from the main radiator system, which cools the range-extending motor-generator (a 1.4-litre petrol engine) and feeds the car's heater. The battery pack, mounted in a T-shaped steel tray with a plastic cover, runs down the centre of the vehicle.
GM believes the Volt's battery problem was caused by malfunctioning sensors rather than chemical reactions going haywire within the cells themselves. The company is currently developing fixes to make the battery's control systems sturdier. One proposal is to laminate the electrical circuitry. Another involves beefing up the cooling lines. A third is to reinforce the tray containing the battery modules.
Outsiders note that the lithium-ion pack in the Nissan Leaf—the only other mass-produced electric car currently on sale in the United States—is encased in a rigid steel box rather than a plastic framework. The Leaf has come through its crash-testing programme with flying colours. Interestingly, its battery pack manages without any additional cooling system.
Despite GM's experience with the ground-breaking EV1 electric vehicle in the 1990s, the company still has much to learn about the public-safety issues associated with powerful batteries. For instance, both GM and NHTSA kept their mouths shut about the Volt's initial fire for the best part of six months, claiming they needed time to assess the results and to carry out further tests. Others suspect they colluded to protect the Volt's fragile sales. GM hoped to sell a modest 10,000 Volts in its first year, but will be lucky to achieve even three-quarters of its goal.
In November, when GM finally went public about the Volt's fire problems, it warned owners, dealers and first-responders of the need to drain the car's battery pack after a crash. The OnStar communications system onboard every Volt should allow the company to dispatch an engineer to drain a battery anywhere in the country within 48 hours. For its part, NHTSA has now opened a formal safety investigation into the crash-worthiness of the Volt's battery system. Meanwhile, a congressional committee that oversees NHTSA is to hold hearings early in the new year to find out why it took nearly six months for the matter to be made public, and why the committee was not kept informed.
What is left unsaid in all this is the fact that conventional cars with a tank full of petrol are far greater fire hazards than electric cars will ever be. Some 185,000 vehicles catch fire in America each year, with no fewer than 285 people dying as a consequence. But, then, people have been living with the hazard of petrol for over a century. Irrationally, electric-vehicle fires are perceived as somehow more worrisome simply because they are new.
解雅思A类阅读出题思路，助力阅读速度提升
一、雅思阅读的出题思路
雅思阅读主要考查考生寻找细节信息(Specific Information)和对文章大意(Main Idea)的理解能力，不同的题型需使用不同的阅读技巧。例如大意题型中最具代表性的标题配对题型(List of Headings)，阅读时应采用skimming和skipping相结合的阅读技巧。在快速阅读时不仅要明白作者真正的写作目的，知道作者是在对某一事件或现象等进行描述(Describe)还是在通过对比、推理、预测等提出观点(Argue)，与此同时要能够跳过一些细节信息(如例子、解释说明、过程的描述等具体细节内容)，准确把握每一段的主题句，理解段落大意。这种题型其实是考查考生对英语学术类文章惯用的写作思路，即Deductive(推论演绎)和Inductive(归纳总结)的认识，进而通过了解文章布局理解文章内容。而在处理细节信息题型的时候，无需通读全文，考查的是考生对文章细节内容的寻找能力，主要学会使用Scanning的阅读技巧到文中去快速准确定位题目对应信息即可。实际上这类题型就是考查考生对定位词(Locating Words)的掌握和辨认能力，定位不准就会直接影响答案的准确性，约90%的题目都要借助Scanning来完成。
针对以上两种题型的出题思路，广大考生应从根本上不断加强阅读技巧的训练，尤其是Skimming和Scanning，把泛读和精读相结合，了解主题句的特点及主题句在段落中的分布情况，并学会分析和预测文章结构，积累各类相关的雅思阅读话题。在做细节题的过程中，要牢记定位词的特点，不断分析总结定位词的规律，以便有效提高解题的速度和准确度。因此，专家建议考生在答题之前，一定要先大概预览一下文章主题及题目类型，预测文章结构，决定阅读方法和做题顺序。
二、雅思阅读的考点
在了解了雅思阅读的出题思路后，我们再来看看它的具体考点。只有清楚掌握各种题型的特点，考生才能其出题目的和考查重点，有的放矢。专家分析认为，阅读题目主要从两个方面来考查考生的阅读和解题能力。
首先，雅思阅读题目很大程度是在考生的词汇掌握情况。其中包括同义近义词(Paraphrasing)的转换、识别能力，以及对一词多义的掌握程度。阅读涉及话题广泛，文中又有大量专业词汇，很多考生担心会因此影响阅读速度和对文章大意的把握。但是，只要我们稍加对剑桥真题进行分析就不难看出，无论是总结摘要、是非无判断还是图表题，同义近义始终贯彻其中。并且涉及的词汇都不是难度较大或生僻的专业词汇，都是一些常用的高频词汇，专业词汇大多都是文章载体或作为定位词存在，绝不会以考点的形式存在。例如在剑5Test2的第二篇文章Questions21-23是让考生完成一个标签图，图中所示的是3个被笑话激活的大脑部位，出现了Right prefrontal cortex和Orbital prefrontal cortex这样的专业词汇，两个专业词汇并不是出题者的考察目的。通过分析比较就会发现3个题目里分别出现了lights up, become active, is activated 这3个短语，这才是题目的真正考点，考察“激活”一词在文中的不同表达方式。除此之外还考查了题目中link to和文中be critical、is involved with和文中is associated with的替换。
一词多义也是雅思阅读对词汇的一个考点。比如在剑5 Johnson’s Dictionary一文的题目中就出现过shade一词，除了表示荫凉处之外，它还有表示微小、细微的意思，原文正是取了shade的第二种也是考生不太知道的意思，在文章中和subtlety进行了替换。再如account for, interpretation，也是在剑桥真题里常出现的词。account for有表示在数量上占……的意思，interpretation则有翻译的意思，但是大多考生只知其一不知其二，其实这两个词都还有表示解释说明的意思，而且剑桥题目里也多次考的也是这层意思。
同义近义转换，可能是词与词之间、短语和短语之间，也可能是句子与句子之间的。想要能更好地熟悉和把握这些词汇，重在日常积累。做完练习之后，把文中特别是真题中的文章和题目中出现的同义近义转化进行对比分析，整理成文以便复习，一词多义也是同样的道理。长此以往，定会对题目中的考点词相当熟悉和敏感，快速把题目信息和文章内容对应起来。
其次，雅思阅读的第二大考点是考查考生对文章、对问题的结构和内容的整体把握及应用能力。从真题中我们可以发现，绝大多细节题是可以通过定位词直接定位的，但是也有部分题目定位词并不明显。遇到后面这种情况，朗阁专家建议考生应该立即改变解题策略，从文章结构上下功夫，通过文章内容的组织特点和题目意思进行定位。文章性质决定文章结构。比如剑4 Test 2 Lost for Words，通过对标题和副标题的分析可推断，文章内容一定会谈到少数民族语言的现状、消失的原因、可能会造成的影响以及可能采取的挽救措施。这也是在谈论负面话题时不可缺少的4要素，这样即便题目的定位词不明显，我们也可以根据意思去推测其在文章中可能对应的段落。由此看看出，雅思阅读文章的学术性虽然决定了它的深度，但另一方面也决定了相对固定的文章结构。因为学术是严谨的，在形式上它有一套严格的规范，如果能准确把握各类文章的布局思路和特点的话，必能举一反三，事半功倍。
就题目本身而言，考生应该通过审题，明确各种题型的考点所在。看到流程图要，知道主要是考查我们对过程和步骤的认识;看到是非无题型，是考查我们寻找定位词和对句子意思的理解能力;看到总结摘要题型，是考查我们对全文或者文章部分内容的理解能力……但是，不管是什么题型，都一定会出现同义近义转换。
总而言之，了解文章的出题思路、抓住题目考点是非常必要的，也是解题的根本，考生需要在练习中不断地体会出题的思路和进一步巩固各项解题方法。
以上就是破.解雅思A类阅读出题思路，助力阅读速度提升的全部内容，从文中我们可以看出，即使雅思阅读的常见题型有10多种，万变不离其宗，考察点有2个，一个是考察对文章整体思想的把握，一个是考察对文章细节的把握。我们在备考时应该顺应其出题思路进行备考。
雅思阅读材料：预防前列腺应该吃什么
1.tomatoes番茄
Men who eat a lot of tomatoes, tomato sauce, or pizza smothered with the stuff may be giving themselves a hedge against prostate cancer. So say researchers at Harvard, who studied the eating habits of more than 47,000 male health professionals.
男人吃大量的番茄、番茄酱或者涂有大量番茄酱的披萨饼，都可以起到预防前列腺癌的功效。哈佛的研究人员在研究了47000多名健康职业男性的饮食习惯后得出了上述结论。
They found that men who ate tomato sauce two to four times per week had a 35 percent lower risk of developing prostate cancer than men who ate none. A carotenoid called lycopene, which tomatoes contain in abundance, appeared to be responsible. But scientists were puzzled: tomato juice didn't seem to have a protective effect.
研究人员表示，每周吃两至四次番茄酱的男性与不吃的男性相比，其罹患前列腺癌的风险降低了35%。番茄中大量含有一种类胡萝卜素即番茄红素，其所发挥的作用不可小觑。然而令科学家困惑的是，番茄汁不具有类似的功效。
2. Oysters 牡蛎
Myth has it that oysters are the food of love. Science may agree. Just two to three oysters deliver a full day's supply of zinc, a mineral critical for normal functioning of the male reproductive system.
相传牡蛎是情爱之食，科学家对此表示认同。区区两三枚牡蛎就可以供给男人所需的锌，而锌是男性生殖系统正常运作所需的重要矿物质。
Scientists report that sperm counts have declined over the last 50 years and that environmental factors are to blame. Getting adequate zinc is sometimes the answer. In one trial, 22 men with low testosterone levels and sperm counts were given zinc every day for 45 mg to 50 mg days. Testosterone levels and sperm counts rose.
科学家表示，男性精子数量在近50年来不断下降，环境因素的影响难辞其咎。摄取足量的锌有时可以解决问题。在一项试验中，22个睾丸激素和精子数量较低的男性每天食用45至50毫克的锌，之后其睾丸激素和精子数量均有所提高。
3. Watermelon 西瓜
Until the age of 55, more men suffer from high blood pressure than do women. Research suggests that foods rich in potassium can reduce the risk of high blood pressure. Watermelon, a rich source of this mineral, has more potassium--664 mg --in one large slice than the amount found in a banana or a cup of orange juice. So cut yourself another slice and enjoy the taste of summer.
男人在55岁前受高血压折磨的比例要比女人高。研究表明，富含钾的食物可以降低罹患高血压的风险。西瓜富含钾元素，一大片西瓜中就含有664毫克钾，这比香蕉或者一杯橙汁中钾的含量要高得多。所以再来一块西瓜吧，尽情享受夏天的滋味。
4. Broccoli 西兰花
A recent Harvard study finds that cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, may protect against bladder cancer. It's one of the most common cancers, and affects two to three times as many men as women. Scientists analyzed the diets of nearly 50,000 men and discovered that those who ate five servings or more per week of cruciferous veggies were half as likely to develop bladder cancer over a ten-year period as men who rarely ate them. And broccoli and cabbage were singled out as the most protective foods.
最近哈佛大学研究发现，十字花科的蔬菜，例如西兰花，有助于预防膀胱癌。膀胱癌是常见的一种癌症，男性发病率是女性的两到三倍。科学家分析研究了将近五万名男性的饮食后发现，一周至少吃五次十字花科类蔬菜的男性，其在内得膀胱癌的几率比很少食用者减少了一半，其中西兰花和卷心菜被认为是最具功效的食物。
5. Peanut Butter 花生酱
If you want a healthy heart, spread your morning toast with peanut butter. Heart disease is the leading killer of men and women, but men fall victim at an earlier age. Researchers compared the cholesterol-lowering effect with a higher-fat diet based on peanuts. After 24 days both diets lowered “bad” LDL cholesterol. But the peanut plan also caused a drop in blood fats called triglycerides and did not decrease HDL, the “good” cholesterol.
如果你想拥有一颗健康的心脏，那么在早餐的面包片上涂点花生酱吧。心脏方面的疾病是男女的致命杀手，中年男性更是深受其害。研究者比较了食用低胆固醇食品和含有更多脂肪的花生对心脏的影响。实验进行了24天后，两种饮食均可以降低有害的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量。与此同时，花生组还导致了血脂即甘油三酸酯的降低，且没有减少高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量。
Peanut butter is a little higher in fat, but it's the type that's good for you--monounsaturated fat.Just don't go nutty plastering on the tasty spread, since it is high in calories.
花生酱的脂肪含量有些许高，然而这是一种对你有益的单不饱和性脂肪。当然你要注意别贪嘴涂抹过多的花生酱，毕竟它拥有较高的卡路里含量。
雅思阅读材料：“无礼小孩”到金像奖得主
When Nicolas Tse accepted the Best Actor .rophy at the Hong Kong Film Awards he thanked his father, the .eteran actor Patrick Tse, for tolerating his .bellious behavior.
当谢霆锋接过香港金像奖男主角的奖杯时，他感谢了自己的父亲，资深演员谢贤，感谢他容忍自己当年叛逆的行为。
Tse went on: “I hope you forgive the rude kid who had no judgment.
谢霆锋接着说：“我希望你能原谅当年那个不懂事的无礼小孩。”
“To raise such a troublesome kid and still face the public with a smile, you are the real best actor dad. I’m sorry.”
“要养大一个这么惹麻烦的孩子还仍然微笑着面对公众，爸爸你是真正的演员。我真的很抱歉。”
Tse, 30, has transformed himself from .rash pop star to serious actor. He once saw his career .erailed by criminal charges after a car accident. He’s also famous for his bad-boy, trouble-making image.
30岁的谢霆锋完成了从年少轻狂的流行歌星到成熟的实力派演员的转变。他的事业曾经因一次车祸后的刑事指控而脱离轨道。他曾经也因为爱惹事的坏男孩形象而闻名。
Now a father-of-two, the star has learnt to be responsible and modest.
如今作为两个孩子的父亲，这位明星学会了承担责任和谦恭有礼。
At the scene, he recalled the award ceremony 12 years ago: after being named Best Newcomer the .rrogant 18-year-old Tse “.corned” his dad.
在舞台上，他回忆起前的颁奖礼：18岁时傲慢的自己获得了新人奖，并以此“挖苦”父亲。
Finally he got his chance to apologize. Tse won this award for playing a reluctant .nformant in the police thriller The Stool Pigeon.
如今他终于有了道歉的机会。谢霆锋因在警匪片《线人》中扮演一位被逼无奈的线人而获此大奖。
Tse, the youngest of five nominees for Best Actor, is known for doing risky .ts. He says he won’t stop being a .devil. “That’s my .tion to filmmaking,” he said.
谢霆锋是五位男主角提名人中最年轻的他表演的危险特技众所周知。他表示还会继续冒险。他说，“这是我对电影的衷爱。”
Besides acting, Tse says he wants to produce “Hong Kong made” films. The film legend Chou Yun-fat (周润发) says that rising actors like Tse represent the future of the Hong Kong movie industry.
除了演戏，谢霆锋表示他希望可以出品“香港制造”的电影。电影界传奇明星周润发说，谢霆锋等冉冉升起的演员代表了香港电影业的未来。
Chou said to Tse: “You are so young and ambitious, so the next 30 years of Hong Kong films will rest on your shoulders!”
周润发对谢霆锋说，“你这么年轻有为，香港电影的后30年就靠你了!”
雅思
gre阅读考试出题规律介绍
对于gre阅读考试来说，学业考试是最大的项目，这也不同于托福雅思。雅思托福的目的是为了生活。对于新的gre阅读测试，学术代表标准和适度的措辞。对考生的意义在于，整篇文章都是温文尔雅的，gre阅读出题规律文章中的偏激词汇应该引起重视，文章中的事实与我们的学术生活是同步的，过去的回忆和反现实的虚拟状态是非常明显的潜在问题。
尤其是虚拟语气，往往表示一种“不应该”的状态，很可能会有负面的评价。而所有的极端话语，如绝对陈述，大多是比较层面，特别是比较强的层面，都应该在文章中加以注意。还有一种强烈反差的迹象，就是用大写字母标明的时间，表示某一时间之前或之后的时间，我们称之为时间的强烈反差。
提问时，应掌握gre阅读方法，具体如下：
先读这篇文章，然后做问题。快读，大胆省略。记住：阅读问题的时间比阅读文章的时间长。
两次法，第一次通读，着重文章的结构、焦点、作者的态度，第二次在解决问题时定位阅读。
解题时要回到原文，gre阅读备考, gre备考要多久严格掌握词语的对应方法，找到每一个正确答案的依据，决不能凭记忆或知识背景来做。
不要仔细阅读，不理解文章的意思，要快，做笔记，没有足够的时间阅读第一段和每一个第一句。
GRE阅读：有效提速的方法
怎样读地快?
每一眼看3,4个单词，形成这种阅读习惯，想想下自己是怎么读中文的，就怎么去读英文，当然肯定会比中文慢。
读文章时，下意识的跳过一些介词，冠词之类的，就像大家读中文都跳过“的”这种词，尽量一句话读一遍，强迫自己不回视，这能大大加快速度，读的慢的同学是不是经常一句话反复读呢?
如果是ts这种重要的句子，可以读个两遍，加强理解。因为英语的语序和我们不同，有时候只读一遍，确实难以一下子理解。
GRE阅读练习之蝴蝶产卵
Upon maturity,monarch butterflies travel hundreds of miles from their places of origin and lay their eggs on milkweed. The caterpillars that emerge feed on milkweed and absorb the glycosides in milkweed sap. The specific glycosides present in milkweed differ from region to region within the monarch butterfly’s range. Mature butterflies retain the glycosides in a mature monarch butterfly could be used to determine its place of origin.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Mature monarch butterflies do not feed on parts of milkweed that contain glycosides.
B. The glycosides in milkweed sap are slightly toxic to caterpillars of other species.
C. The vast majority of the monarch butterflies that are laying eggs in a given region will have traveled there from a single region.
D. There are substances other than glycosides in milkweed sap that accumulate in a monarch caterpillar and are retained in the body of the mature butterfly.
E. There are certain glycosides that are found in the sap of all milkweeds, no matter where they grow within the monarch butterfly’s range.
托福阅读题型简介
1、托福阅读单词题目
平时注意单词量的积累，力求达到可以随时随地记忆单词的境界。其实我们在记忆单词的时候也可以适当地使用一些策略，那就是在我们可以把自己的侧重点放在动词和形容词的记忆上。考试过后，你就会发现这个策略的事半功倍了。此外，对于自己不认识的单词，我们应该主动回原文找同义词，或找相关的提示信息。
2、托福阅读题型之找代词指代对象的题目
在考试中，它们主要会以如下两种形式出现。
(1)it、one、their、its、that类，这种题目主要是考查我们对于并列关系的掌握，这时，我们应该主动去看这个词所在的那整句话，从已知话中找到处于相同地位的词。
(2)考查由that、which涉及到的定语从句类，我们在面对这种题目时，应该有意识的在选项中找从句中谓语动词的发起者或接受者，因为只有这样才可以迈出通向胜利的第一步。
3、托福考试阅读考查文章内容的题目
在历次的托福考试中，也存在着两大主要题型，即：文章细节考查题和文章结构考查题。
(1)、文章细节考查题
解答文章细节考查题，我们一般都可以回到原文中去做定位，找到相近或相似的内容，进而得出答案。
常见的定位有以下3种：
(1)题目本身给出定位。
(2)至少先可作出一个段落的定位。
(3)位置多夹于前后两题位置之间。
(2)、文章结构考查题
一定要注意：
(1)千万不要根据你读的信息去作推理。
(2)不要把文章从头到尾当成一个整体，尽可能各段独立。
(3)根据经验，在考试中，整篇文章的最后一句出题较多，所以应该仔细阅读这个重要的句子。
以上是针对托福考试阅读部分的常见题型做出的一些有关于考试解题方法与技巧的分项介绍。
在整个的阅读考试中，我们还应该了解到：
(1)在这个特殊的考试时间段内，我们的记忆比理解更为重要，在解题的时候一定要完全忠实于原文，切忌私自做出任何的主观臆断。
(2)在做题步骤方面，我们可以先简读原文(主要是各个段落的第一，二句话)，而后阅读题目，最后观察选项做出判断。值得我们特别注意的是，我们在做出判断的时候，切忌不要选择在选项中存在比较，而在原文中没有明确表示过的项目;切忌不要去选择那些说法过于绝对化的选项。
托福阅读常见的套路和特点
新托福阅读考试的整体特点为：
题目大多为客观题，基本都可以在文章中找到答案的对应点。
新托福阅读的出题顺序和文章对应内容的顺序基本是一致的。
具体套路有：
托福阅读文章中出现否定/转折句、因果句、举例句等逻辑关系比较明显的句子常考推断题或者插入文本题。
文章中出现含比较级和比喻的句子往往会考推断题。
文章中出现绝对性较大的词如must, all, only, never, always等;最高级词汇如highest, most important等;同位语、插入语、举例句等，这些往往是出题的要点，一般考查细节性题目。
文章中出现并列、列举的信息，这些信息一般考细节性题目，尤其是否定排除题。该题型在题目的4个选项中有3个选项符合原文内容，只有一个选项不符合原文内容或者原文没有提到，题目便要求选出这个选项。这种题型只适合于考并列、列举信息。因此，考生们在答题过程中如果看到并列、列举信息就应该预想可能考否定排除题，或者遇到否定排除题时，在文章中定位信息时就应该注意找并列、列举信息。
文章每段的首尾句是特别重要的地方，因为英语中作者往往喜欢在段落的首尾句表达中心思想，或者进行总结综述。因此这些地方往往容易出主体性问题，如摘要题，细节性问题或者结构性问题。
有些特殊标点考生也要尤其注意。如：
破折号——表示解释说明，可能考细节性问题
括号——表示解释说明，可能考细节性问题
冒号——表示解释说明，可能考细节性问题;有时表示列举，可能考否定排除题
引号——表示引用，可能考细节性问题
上述就是有关托福阅读考试题型详细介绍及出题特点分析，相信通过上述介绍，大家对于托福阅读考试考什么、怎么考有了更清晰的了解，接下来就是针对性的不断练习和总结，肯定会有很大的提高。小编祝大家学习愉快!
新托福阅读题型比例分配
托福阅读的题型共分10种，即词汇题、指代题、句子简化题、插入句子题、事实信息题、否定事实信息题、推断题、修辞目的题、小结题和图表题。其中前 8种题型都属于基本信息类题型，即每篇文章的14道题目中的13道题目，每个1分。而后两种题型，小结题和图表题属于最后的1道小结类题目，两者选其一， 通常为小结题(6选3)，满分2分，错一个选项扣一分。
如果知道了每篇文章的的分数与题型的对应关系，那我们就能够用于对我们的备考策略提供指引。那么每篇文章的分数和题型是如何对应的呢?
我们来看一下每篇文章的题型构成：
基本信息类题型——13题
1.词汇题——3题
2.指代题——1题
3.句子简化题——1题
4.插入句子题——1题
5.事实信息题——3题
6.否定事实信息题——1题
7.推断题——1题
8.修辞目的题——2题
小结类题型——1题
小结题和填表题，二选其一——1题
从该构成中可以看出，词汇题和事实信息题是所占数量较多的题型，占比达到43%，因此在备考过程中，这两种题型应该是考生准备的重点
雅思阅读出题思路及考点分析
一、 雅思阅读的出题思路
雅思阅读主要考查考生寻找细节信息(Specific Information)和对文章大意(Main Idea)的理解能力，不同的题型需使用不同的阅读技巧。例如大意题型中最具代表性的标题配对题型(List of Headings)，阅读时应采用skimming和skipping相结合的阅读技巧。在快速阅读时不仅要明白作者真正的写作目的，知道作者是在对某一事件或现象等进行描述(Describe)还是在通过对比、推理、预测等提出观点(Argue)，与此同时要能够跳过一些细节信息(如例子、解释说明、过程的描述等具体细节内容)，准确把握每一段的主题句，理解段落大意。这种题型其实是考查考生对英语学术类文章惯用的写作思路，即Deductive(推论演绎)和Inductive(归纳总结)的认识，进而通过了解文章布局理解文章内容。而在处理细节信息题型的时候，无需通读全文，考查的是考生对文章细节内容的寻找能力，主要学会使用Scanning的阅读技巧到文中去快速准确定位题目对应信息即可。实际上这类题型就是考查考生对定位词(Locating Words)的掌握和辨认能力，定位不准就会直接影响答案的准确性，约90%的题目都要借助Scanning来完成。
针对以上两种题型的出题思路，广大考生应从根本上不断加强阅读技巧的训练，尤其是Skimming 和Scanning，把泛读和精读相结合，了解主题句的特点及主题句在段落中的分布情况，并学会分析和预测文章结构，积累各类相关的雅思阅读话题。在做细节题的过程中，要牢记定位词的特点，不断分析总结定位词的规律，以便有效提高解题的速度和准确度。因此，雅思专家建议考生在答题之前，一定要先大概预览一下文章主题及题目类型，预测文章结构，决定阅读方法和做题顺序。
二、 雅思阅读的考点
在了解了雅思阅读的出题思路后，我们再来看看它的具体考点。只有清楚掌握各种题型的特点，考生才能其出题目的和考查重点，有的放矢。专家分析认为，阅读题目主要从两个方面来考查考生的阅读和解题能力。
首先，雅思阅读题目很大程度是在考生的词汇掌握情况。其中包括同义近义词 (Paraphrasing)的转换、识别能力，以及对一词多义的掌握程度。阅读涉及话题广泛，文中又有大量专业词汇，很多考生担心会因此影响阅读速度和对文章大意的把握。但是，只要我们稍加对剑桥真题进行分析就不难看出，无论是总结摘要、是非无判断还是图表题，同义近义始终贯彻其中。并且涉及的词汇都不是难度较大或生僻的专业词汇，都是一些常用的高频词汇，专业词汇大多都是文章载体或作为定位词存在，绝不会以考点的形式存在。例如在剑5Test2的第二篇文章Questions21-23是让考生完成一个标签图，图中所示的是3个被笑话激活的大脑部位，出现了Right prefrontal cortex和Orbital prefrontal cortex这样的专业词汇，两个专业词汇并不是出题者的考察目的。通过分析比较就会发现3个题目里分别出现了lights up， become active， is activated 这3个短语，这才是题目的真正考点，考察“激活”一词在文中的不同表达方式。除此之外还考查了题目中link to和文中be critical、is involved with和文中is associated with的替换。
一词多义也是雅思阅读对词汇的一个考点。比如在剑5 Johnson’s Dictionary一文的题目中就出现过shade一词，除了表示荫凉处之外，它还有表示微小、细微的意思，原文正是取了shade的第二种也是考生不太知道的意思，在文章中和subtlety进行了替换。再如account for， interpretation，也是在剑桥真题里常出现的词。account for有表示在数量上占……的意思，interpretation则有翻译的意思，但是大多考生只知其一不知其二，其实这两个词都还有表示解释说明的意思，而且剑桥题目里也多次考的也是这层意思。
同义近义转换，可能是词与词之间、短语和短语之间，也可能是句子与句子之间的。想要能更好地熟悉和把握这些词汇，重在日常积累。做完练习之后，把文中特别是真题中的文章和题目中出现的同义近义转化进行对比分析，整理成文以便复习，一词多义也是同样的道理。长此以往，定会对题目中的考点词相当熟悉和敏感，快速把题目信息和文章内容对应起来。
其次，雅思阅读的第二大考点是考查考生对文章、对问题的结构和内容的整体把握及应用能力。从真题中我们可以发现，绝大多细节题是可以通过定位词直接定位的，但是也有部分题目定位词并不明显。遇到后面这种情况，专家建议考生应该立即改变解题策略，从文章结构上下功夫，通过文章内容的组织特点和题目意思进行定位。文章性质决定文章结构。比如剑4 Test 2 Lost for Words，通过对标题和副标题的分析可推断，文章内容一定会谈到少数民族语言的现状、消失的原因、可能会造成的影响以及可能采取的挽救措施。这也是在谈论负面话题时不可缺少的4要素，这样即便题目的定位词不明显，我们也可以根据意思去推测其在文章中可能对应的段落。由此看看出，雅思阅读文章的学术性虽然决定了它的深度，但另一方面也决定了相对固定的文章结构。因为学术是严谨的，在形式上它有一套严格的规范，如果能准确把握各类文章的布局思路和特点的话，必能举一反三，事半功倍。
就题目本身而言，考生应该通过审题，明确各种题型的考点所在。看到流程图要，知道主要是考查我们对过程和步骤的认识;看到是非无题型，是考查我们寻找定位词和对句子意思的理解能力;看到总结摘要题型，是考查我们对全文或者文章部分内容的理解能力……但是，不管是什么题型，都一定会出现同义近义转换。
雅思阅读解题技巧分享：结构阅读法
1. 浏览文章的必要性
我并不否认很多情况下做题不用浏览文章。通常先阅读题目，然后通过题目中的关键词到文章中定位，最后找到答案。但是若遇到某些题型，单纯依靠定位就不合时宜了，即使侥幸做对，那也是自欺欺人。例，如目前颇有大展其鼓之势的段落细节配对题。简而言之，此题型就是出题者给出一个细节，然后要求答题者找出细节所在的相应段落。若用定位法，势必整段逐行搜寻，耗时耗力，效率等同于通读全文，更何况有时还未必能找到题干中的相同词语，而是需要靠做题者自己去归纳。例如“剑四”52页30题题干“a description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play”，在文章相关段落中很难甄别出上述信息。还有T/F/NG题中，虽然题目顺序与原文答案出现顺序一般保持一致，但也不能完全排除顺序打乱的情况出现，例如“剑五”19页8-13题。要做出这些题，那就非读文章不可了。
2. 结构阅读法
那么雅思文章该怎么读呢?首先，我们来看看雅思权威考官Vanessa Jakeman和Clare McDowell两位专家是怎么说的：
“When you go to university or college you may be overwhelmed by the amount of reading you are expected to do. You will have to do a lot of this reading on your own and you will need to be able to read discriminatingly. This means you will need to have the skills required to focus in on the information that is important to you and to skim through the information that isn’t.”
按照他们的说法，雅思阅读就是考察学生在读长文章时筛选信息的能力，即read discriminately，知道哪些是重要信息必须细读，哪些是无用的，可以忽略。雅思考题的设计思路不仅是为了测试考生的语言水平，更在于帮助考生培养起一套适合英联邦大学教学观念的学习方法。在英国念文科的同学都会有这样一种共识，那就是一学期要看很多书，写很多essay，有的同学虽然很刻苦，整日地泡在图书馆里做书虫，但还是读不完reading lList中的必读书。再对比周围英国同学，他们不见得比我们刻苦，却很能掉书袋，写出的essay理论功底更深。学习效率的高低正是由阅读方法的差异造成的。中国学生从小接受英语精读教学，咬文嚼字，看书喜欢一页页地细嚼慢咽。就个人阅读习惯而言，这种读法无可厚非，但若是做学问，这就不是正确的方法了。而英国学生读书，总是先浏览目次、摘要等信息，然后阅读索引，找寻需要的信息，所以他们一本书通常读一天甚至于几小时就够了。同样雅思的文章，也没必要逐字逐句的读，而是要了解作者行文时的构思以及写文章要达到的目的。如果做题前就能对文章的思路了如指掌，那就好比站在了作者的高度，定位时也就不会出现无的放矢的碰运气了。
雅思阅读解题技巧分享：平行阅读法
雅思平行阅读法介绍
首先，应明确雅思阅读的顺序性：所谓顺序性是指题目答案的在文章中出现的先后顺序.大题之间是无序的，而一类题中的几个小题之间是有序的.例如：一篇文章中有三种题型，第一种是选择(1-3)，第二种是T/F/NG(4-7),第三种是summary(8-11).按照以上的规律则表明，第一种题型之中即1-3题是有序的，而第4题在文章中的位置就不一定在第3题后面，也许在第一题后面或第二题后面.所以，抓住阅读文章的顺序性是很重要的.
下面介绍平行阅读的方法：
假设此篇文章有11道题，且11道题的答案在文章中出现位置的顺序如下：
....1....4............
........2.......3.....
5......8......9.......
6......10.....7.......
.........11...........
从上面的文章中可以看出，题型一、二、三之间是无序的，但每个题型之中的小题是有序的，即1-3，4-7，8-11是有序的.
方法：第一步，我们先带着第一类型的第一题和第二类型的第一题即(第1题和第4题)去阅读文章，首先，我们在读第一行的时候能碰到第1题的答案，此时，我们精读，把第1题做出.
第二步，我们在做出第1题后，带着第一类题型的第二小题和第二类题型的第一小题即(第2题和第4题)去读，然后在阅读的时候找到了第4题，精读，做出之后带着第一类题型的第二小题和第二题型的第二小题即(第2题和第5题)去读.在第二行能找到第2题的答案，精读，做出之后带着第3题和第5题去读.然后看到了第3题的答案，精读，做出第3题.此时第一类体型已经做完，于是，我们就带着第5题和第三类题型的第一小题去读，即(第5题和第8题)去读......这样就能一次性把阅读做完，能节省不少时间.
雅思阅读出题思路及考点分析
★ 托福听力出题规律
★ 妈妈出题日记
★ 高考作文出题方向
★ 规律近义词
★ 教学规律
