高考必背英语词汇讲座-L字头

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高考必背英语词汇讲座-L字头

篇1:高考必背英语词汇讲座-L字头

1、lone, lonely, lonesome, alone

这组词都有“孤独的,寂寞的”之意。

lone:“孤独的,寂寞的,无依无靠的”,该词(在诗歌中)可替代lonely或lonesome。she could see a lone figure on the deserted beach walking to and fro.她看到一个孤寂的人影在荒凉的海滩上走来走去。in that cloudy sky only one lone star could be seen.在那多云的天空中,只能看见孤零零的一颗星。

lonely:“孤单的,寂寞的“,但更强调指渴望陪伴的孤独感受。a lonely young sailor felt sorry for himself because his girlfriend no longer loved him.孤独的青年海员由于女友不再爱他而非常伤心。he spent many lonely days on the deserted island before that attractive girl appeared.在那个有魅力的女孩出现之前,他在那个荒岛上度过了许多寂寞的日子。

lonesome : “无伴的,独居的”,通常明确的表达分别或丧偶后的孤寂卑凉,含义较为痛切。the house she had always thought of as overcrowded was lonesome when her children grew up andwent out on their own.先前她认为这屋子过于拥挤,但当其子女出去独立生活后,显得孤寂。you must keep up your spirits, mother, and not be lonesome because i'm not at home.你一定要打起精神,妈妈,不要因为我不在家而倍感凄凉。

2、location, position, situation, spot

这一组词都有“位置,地点”之意。

location:“位置,场所,场地”,指某物所处的固定但也许并不明确的位置,也可指找到的或可加以利用的场地。还可解作“定位,测位选址”,如:industrial location工业选址。the location of the missing plane can hardly be identified without more detailed information.如果没有更详尽的信息,失踪飞机所处的位置就很难确定。the location is exceptionally poor, viewed from a sanitation point, so julia had to devote hertime to finding suitable location for a new school.从卫生角度来看,这个地段非常糟糕,所以朱利亚不得不花时间找一处适于建新学校的地点。

position:“方位,地点,位置”,通常是指某物所处的实际或相对的位置,适用于具体及抽象的事物,想象中或实际存在的东西;因此还可解作“社会地位,职务,见解,立场,姿态”等。can you show me the position of the school on the map?你能指给我那学校在地图上的位置吗?before the invention of the timing devices they told the time by the position of the sun.在计时器发明之前,他们根据太阳的位置来判断时间。

situation:“地点,位置,场合”,它所指的地点更注重考虑周的环境,还指抽象的对某人或社会有影响的条件、事实、事件的总和,因此可以解作“境况、形势、局势、处境”等。常用短语:cope/ do with the situation应付当前情况:save the situation挽回局势。despite the fact that he's only a boy of nine, he could manage to deal with the new situation.尽管他还是个九岁的小男孩,他却能设法对付新情况。the situation of the camp was chosen with respect to its healthfulness and its nearness to thecity.这个营地位置的选择考虑到了有益于健康而且离城市近的原则。

spot:“地点,现场”,指范围清楚的特定地点,也可指事件或行为的发生地,具有较强的“有限空间意义”,如:a historic/ scenic spot古迹/ 风景名胜。常用词组:on the spot 当场。she was probably mad with hunger and thirst in that lonely hot spot.在那炎热孤寂的地方,她很可能因为又饿又渴而几近发疯。the police were on the spot within a few minutes of hearing about the crime.获悉该项犯罪后几分钟,警察即赶到现场。

3、later, latter

later是late的比较级形式,意为“后来的(地)”,通常用在表示时间单位的词组后,表示“……以后”的意思,此外还通常用在一些习语中。例如:two days later, we proved these facts to be correct. 两天以后,我们证明了这些事实是正确的。he reached the stations 5 minutes later. 他晚到车站五分钟。sooner or later 总有一天,迟早later on 今后,以后

latter是一原级形容词,主要有三种意义:1).表示“后面的,后半的,末了的”之意;2).与定冠词the连用,表示“后者”,与the former相对;3).“最近的,现今的”。例如:the latter half of the month 后半月,下半月the latter part of the year 一年中后一段时期of the two the latter is far better than the former.两者中后者比前者好得多。he has been at home in these latter days.在最近的这些日子里,他一直呆在家里。

4、lay, lie

这两个动词在变形时,往往引起混淆。

lay主要用作及物动词,基本意思为“放”,还可有一些引申意义。它的过去式和过去分词是laid,现在分词是laying。例如:please lay the book on the table.请把书放在桌上。the road is laid with asphalt.这条路是用柏油铺成的。these hens lay eggs every day.这些母鸡天天下蛋。we should lay stress on our pronunciation.我们应该重视我们的发音。

lie是一个不及物动词,它有两种意义和用法:1).意为“平躺;平放;位于”时,过去式为lay, 过去分词为lain; 2).意为:“撒谎”时,过去式和过去分词是lied。例如:don't lie in bed all morning.不要一早上都躺在床上。he lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.他躺在草地上享受阳光。korea lies to the east of china.朝鲜位于中国东面。you are lying.你在撒谎。he lied to me.他对我撒谎。

5、leave out, leave off

这两个短语动词由leave加副词构成,在句中均作谓语,它们的意义有区别。

leave out主要有下列几种意义:1).省去,略去;2).遗漏;3).没有考虑到。例如:we must decide what to leave out and what to leave in. 我们必须决定取舍。please complete this check properly. the date has been left out. 请将这张支票填完整,日期被漏掉了。we left out the possibility of his coming. 我们没考虑到他会来。

leave off则主要表示下列两种意义:1).停止,中断;2).不再穿,不再使用。例如:leave off talking!别讲话了!they leave off work at 4:30 p.m. 他们下午四点半下班。it is warm enough for you to leave off your woolen sweater. 天这么热,可以脱下你的绒线衣了。

6、living, alive, live, lively

这四个形容词均是live派生出的,但它们的意义和用法均不一样。

living有三种意义和用法:1).表示“活着的,尤指现存的”,可以指人,也可指物。在句中作表语或定语;作定语时,可前置也可后置。2).表示某人,某物与另一个人或一物“一模一样,逼真的”之意。3).相当于形容词lively,表示“强烈的、活泼的”之意。例如:a living language should be learned orally. 一种活的语言应该通过口语来学习。no man living could do better. 当代的人没有一个能做得比这好的了。shelly was still living when keats died. 济慈死时,雪莱还活着。he's the living image of his father. 他跟他父亲长得一模一样。we have a living hope that you will succeed. 我们强烈地希望你成功。

alive多用作表语,多用于人,表示“活着的”的意思,还可引申为其他意义;间或也作定语,只能放在被修饰词的后面。例如:is she still alive?她还活着吗?they are the happiest children alive.他们是当代最幸福的孩子们。an enemy officer was caught alive.一名敌军官被活捉了。the lake is alive with fish.湖里鱼多得很。

live作形容词时读作/laiv/, 只用于物,作定语,基本意义是“活的”,这时可用living替代。它还有很多引申意义。例如:this is a live fish/ mouse.这是一条活鱼(一只活老鼠)。don't play with live coals!不要玩燃烧着的煤块。a live wire is dangerous.通上电的电线很危险。it was a live broadcast, not a recording.那是实况广播,不是录音广播。

lively读作/laivli/,在句中可作表语或定语,主要表示下列三种意义:1).有生气的,活泼的,快活的;2).(颜色)鲜明的;3).生动的,真实的。例如:she is as lively as a kitten.她快活得像只小猫。the patient seems a little livelier this morning.那病人今晨似乎好些了。he has lively imagination.他有丰富的想象力。what lively colors!多么鲜明的色彩。he gave a lively description of the football game.他对这场足球赛进行了生动的描述。

7、learn, study

learn为“学习,学会”,侧重学习的成果,指从不知到知,从不会到会的学习,强调通过学习去获得知识和技能,它没有凭勤奋努力而获得知识的意味。learn亦可指向某人学习,从某处学习及学习一门技能等。如 learn music, learn new words, learn to skate, learn from experience, learn from leifeng。

study为“学习,研究”,强调学习的过程,指深入系统地学习,带有努力,勤奋的意味。其学习对象往往是科学,艺术和需要深入探讨,研究的问题及学科,不是单纯地获得技巧。如:study medicine,study science, study a map, study engineering, study painting。下列句子中的learn 和 study均不能互换:if you study hard, you'll learn the language well. 如果你努力学习的话,你会把这门语言学好。he learned traditional chinese medicine from a famous chinese doctor. 他跟随一位著名的中国医生学习中医。she studied late at night.她晚上学习到很晚。he is studying the problem of x-rays.他正在研究x射线的问题。

在指某学科的“学习”时,或在不需要强调两者的区别时, learn 和study可以换用。如:how long have you learned/ studied japanese?你学习日语有多久了?we must keep on learning/ studying if we do not want to lag behind the times. 如果我们不想落在时代后面的话,就必须不断学习。

8、long for, for long

long for是一用作及物意义的动、介型短语动词,表示“渴望,极想得到”的意思。其后可接名词,代词作宾语。例如:the children are longing for the festival.孩子们渴望节日来临。we long for a chance to visit yanan.我们渴望有机会访问延安。

for long中的for是介词,long是名词,一起作介词短语用,在句中充当状语,通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句或否定意义的句子中。意为“很久,长久”。例如:he will not remain for long.他不会呆得太久。will you be away for long?你要离开很久吗?

9、lecture, speech

lecture作“演讲,讲课”解,指有准备的专题演讲,尤指学术性讲演及高等学校教师的讲课。它常和动词give, read, hear, attend, receive连用,当它用于give sb. a lecture结构时,指“训斥某人”。如:they received lecture on technique. (指听演讲)he gave a lecture on the war in english. (指作演讲)father gave me a lecture for smoking. (指训斥)

speech作“说话,演讲”解,系普通用语,除指有声的语言外,又泛指为听众而作的讲,可以是有准备的正式讲话,也可以是无准备的非正式的讲话。它常和动词give, make, hear, prepare, understand等连用。如:i was quite unprepared to make a speech.by your speech i can tell you're from london.he gave a speech about good manners to the whole school.

10、live on, live by

live on有三种意义和用法:1).后接人、钱、工资,表示“依靠这些人或钱物养活”的意思;2).后接各种食物的名称,表示“以……为主食”的意思; 3).作不及物动词用,表示“继续生存下去,永存”之意。例如:jim's father was living on his friends.吉姆的父亲靠他的朋友生活。my uncle lives happily on his pension.我伯父靠退休金生活得很幸福。most of the asians live on rice.多数亚洲人以大米为食。sheep live on grass.羊以草为食。the scientist's name will live on from generation to generation. 这位科学家的名字将流芳百世。

live by有两种意义和用法:1. 后接名词或动名词,表示“以某种方式或手段过活”之意;2. 后接地点名词,表示“住在……附近”之意。例如:they live by honest labor.他们靠正当的劳动生活。smith lives by writing for a small magazine.史密斯靠给一家小杂志社写稿来维持生活。we live by the east lake.我们住在东湖旁边。

篇2:高考必背英语词汇讲座-P字头

1、part of, a part of

这两个词组后可接单,复数名词或不可数名词,名词前要有the, these, your等限定词;亦可跟代词宾格。它们都表示“部分”的意思,但在词意范围上有所不同。

part of意为其中“一部分”,可能是整体的一半,一半以上或一半以下。例如:he is a philatelist; part of his collection is rare sets of postage stamps of the qing dynasty.他是一位集邮家。他藏品的一部分是罕见的套头的大清国邮票。the chinese revolution is part of the world's proletarian revolution. 中国革命是世界无产阶级革命的一部分。

a part of意为其中的“一小部分”,仅指整体的一半以下,这时可用part of代替。例如:(a) part of the textbooks have arrived.(一小)部分教科书已经到了。i read only (a) part of the story.这篇小说我仅仅看了(一小)部分。

2、permit, allow

这两个词都是“许可,允许”之意,用法正式;而且都表示有能力或权威去阻止的含义。

permit意为“准许,允许”,比前者更为正式,严肃,指有权允许的一方积极、明确地从正面允许或持肯定态度。例如:we do permit our employees to gather in the hobby and sing carols on christmas eve. 我们确实准许雇员们于圣诞前夜在大厅里集合唱圣诞颂歌。you are indeed not sensible enough to allow your teenage son to stay out until midnight and even permit him to use the family car. 听任你十几岁的儿子在外逗留直至午夜甚至还准许他使用家里的汽车,你这样做实在是太不明智了。the distance between the two cities was in those days too great to permit of frequent contact.这两个城市的距离太远,在那时不可能有频繁的接触。in the wall of the cabin there is a hole to permit light to enter. 小屋的墙壁上有一个小洞,光线可以射进来。

allow意为“许可,准许”,其实表达的意思是并不反对,不加阻止或客观条件的可行性,偏重“听任”,意义较消极。可用于复合结构,即allow sb./sth. to do sth.。常用词组:allow for考虑到具体情况;allow of (no delay/ no dispute)许可,承认(刻不容缓,没有争论余地)。例如:his weakened condition would not allow of his being questioned by the police.他身体虚弱,受不了警方的质询。the nurse allowed the visitors to remain beyond the hospital visiting hours, though it was not permitted.尽管医院并不允许,但这位护士还是默许探视者们过了探视时间依然留在医院。i want to get a good business or profession which allows me to get away when i want to.我想找一份我想离开时就能允许我离开的行当或职业。being the principal of a high school, jane's position allowed of no unseemly behavior in public.作为一座高等学府的校长,简的职位不允许她在公共场合有任何不得体的举止。

3、personal, private, individual

这一组词都可译作“个人的”。 personal意为“个人的,私人的,亲自的”,着重强调属于或涉及本人,而非他人所能代表或代替的事物。例如: according to etiquette in western countries, it's good manners to avoid making personal remarks.按照西方礼仪,避免发表涉及个人的评论是礼貌的。i have something personal to discuss with you because it's related to either my own or your intimate interests.我有点私事和你商量,因为它有关你我的切身利益。what is special about the meeting is that the prime minister will make a personal appearance.此次会议与众不同之处在于首相亲自出席。susan wondered if she could ask anna a personal question such as the marital status.苏珊在想她能否问安娜一个诸如婚姻状况一类的私人问题。

private意为“个人的,私有的”,表示与公共的或公有的相反,也含有明确的隐私,不愿或不应公之于众的意思。例如:he has asked the secretary of the state to apply to the president for a private interview.他已要国务卿向总统提出申请,要求秘密会见。in the united states, the rich tend to send their children to private schools regardless of their expensive tuition.在美国富人们愿意让孩子上私立学校,不论其费用有多昂贵。this file is highly confidential because it contains all the private information concerning the election.这份文件高度机密,因为它包含了与选举有关的所有个人材料。

individual意为“个体的,个人的”,区别于集体,整体或普通,明确指某类单一的,个别的人物,常用作定语。例如:she was determined to do good, not to any individual person but to a country.他决心为国家而不是为任何个人做好事。some people claim that the individual rights are more important than the public interests as a whole.有些人声称个人利益比公众利益更重要。what i admire most is that my sister has an individual style of arranging her hair.我最羡慕姐姐的是她梳的发型很有个性。

4、passed, past

passed是动词pass的过去式和过去分词,当它用作分词,修饰某个名词时,有强调该名词的意味。例如:on our way home we passed through a picturesque village.在回家的路上,我们经过了一个风景如画的村子。i consider that the days passed in this way are memorable.我认为以这种方式度过的日子是值得纪念的。

past不能用作动词,但可以用作介词,副词,名词和形容词。作形容词时,既可放在所修饰名词的前面作定语,也可用作连系动词be的表语。例如:in the past, only men had a vote.过去只有男子才有选举权。he dashed forward, paying no attention to the bullets that whizzed past him.他冲向前去,不顾耳边飞过的枪弹。during the past few days, many visitors have flocked into the town.在过去的几天当中,许多参观者涌入城里。those times are past.那样的时代过去了。注意:当past作形容词,其前面有定冠词时,past放在所修饰的名词之前;没有定冠词时,past放在所饰的名词之后。试比较下面的短语:for the past few months 过去的几个月during the past week 过去的一周期间for some time past过去的一段时间in times past 在过去的年代里

5、play, play with

play是一个多义动词。在表示“玩”的意思时,既可作不及物动词(主语一般是儿童);也可作及物动词,这时,后面通常跟乐器名词(有冠词),球类名词或者棋,牌等。例如:the children are playing on the ground.孩子们在操场上玩。she played the piano quite beautifully.她钢琴弹得棒极了。sometimes they played bridge together.有时他们在一起打桥牌。

play with也可表示“玩”的意思。一般用于小孩和动物,指一种不自觉的“玩耍;开玩笑“的意思。用于前者时,后接具体的东西;用于后者时,后接表示人的名词。例如:the little girl is playing with her toy bus. 小姑娘在玩她的玩具汽车。it was mean of him to play with her affections.他玩弄她地感情是卑鄙的。don't play with him, he is in a bad humor.别和他开玩笑;他情绪不好。注意:play with后接人的名词时,有时容易产生歧义。请比较下面一句的意义:they are playing with each other.他们在相互玩弄。/ 他们在相互开玩笑。/ 他们相互在一起玩。

6、prepare, prepare for, prepared for

prepare和另两个词组都是“准备”的意思,但含义和用法有别。prepare用作及物动词,后接名词时,表示“准备;调制,配置”的意思,它亦可接带to的动词不定式(表示“准备干某事”)或接不定式复合结构(表示“为某人做某事作准备)。例如:i can't see you tonight, i shall be preparing my lessons.我今晚不能见你,我要预备功课呢。after the discussion they prepared to write an article to air their views.经过讨论,他们准备写一篇文章来提出自己的看法。the nurse is preparing the child to go to hospital.保姆正在为孩子住院作准备。

prepare for和prepared for后均接名词或代词,都含有“为将来即要发生的某一行动或某种情况作准备”的意味。两者一般可以互换,不同的是prepare for是个动介型短语动词,作及物动词用,动作意味很强,可直接用作谓语;prepared for中的prepared是一个形容词,须借助动词be作表语,表示状态。例如:we were given two days to prepare for the examination.我们可以有两天的时间来准备考试。they were prepared for the worst.他们已准备好应付最坏的情况。注意:prepare for可分开来写,即prepare...for, 这时prepare是及物动词。当prepare后接表示物的名词时,prepare...for通常表示“为(某人)准备(什么)”。当prepare后接人的名词,介词for后接事物等名词时,它通常表示“培养或指导(某人)准备(什么)”。例如:we must prepare a room for our guest.我们必须为客人准备一个房间。they are preparing their child for college.他们培养孩子准备上大学。

7、price, cost, expense

这组词都指“价钱,花费”。price意为“价格,定价,价钱”,主要指卖主给商品定的价格,一般都高于成本(cost),也可引为做某事而付出的“代价”。例如:labor was the first price, the original purchase money that was paid for all things.劳动是最初的价格,是人们购买一切东西所支付的最初货币。what a price she paid for saving the factory from the fire!为了使工厂不至于被火烧掉,她付出了什么样的代价啊!

cost意为“成本,费用,价钱”,多指对要价的支付,也指产品本身的成本,即设计,生产,运输付出的所有劳动及原材料的价值总和。引申为“代价”,即付出的牺牲。常用词组:at the cost of 以...为代价;at all costs (any cost)不惜一切代价。例如:we have paid a very high cost but we have also made very great achievement.我们付出了很高的代价,但也取得了巨大的成就。he rescued the boy from drowning at the cost of his own life.他救了这孩子,使其免于被淹死,却牺牲了自己的生命。

expense意为“费用,花费,开支”,常指为某物实际支付的金额总数,也可指各种花费,尤指金钱,也可包括时间,精力等。例如:they built a runway in a shorter time and at less expense than originally planned.他们修筑了一条跑道,所用的时间比原计划短,花的钱也少些。the board of the directors decided to cut down expenses by combining the three offices into one.董事会决定把三个办公室合并成一个,以节省开支。in order to meet the expenses for her studies, kessy had to do extra work at night.为了支付学习费用,凯西只好晚上去加班工作。

8、pretty, fairly, rather

这组词都有“相当地”之意。pretty意为“相当,非常”,是个非正式的用法,表示程度相当高。常用短语有:pretty well, pretty soon, pretty certain。例如:people in the city can hardly imagine what a pretty rough life the countrymen live.生活在城里的人难以想象农村人的生活有多苦。we can safely draw a conclusion from her facial expression that she is pretty satisfied with the election result.从她面部表情我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论:她对选举结果相当满意。

fairly意为“相当,还算”,语气最弱,表示适度、尚可,不能与too及形容词,副词的比较级连用。还可以讲作“公正地,明白地”之意。常用短语:be fairly beside oneself几乎疯了;fairly and squarely光明正大地。例如:the children were fairly beside themselves with joy as they caught sight of their parents. 孩子们见到父母简直欣喜若狂。in our school most of the teachers were fairly young except for a few older teachers.除了几位老教师外,在我校大多数是很年轻的教师。

rather意为“相当,颇”,用来含蓄地表达某种想法,以避免直截了当的表达方式,但其所表示的程度实际上却颇高。rather通常修饰表示否定的词或本身为否定的意义,而fairly则修饰即表示肯定意义的词或本身为肯定的意义。常用短语:rather too...稍微太...一点;rather than:与其...不would rather...than宁愿。例如:i have got a fairly good memory for names, but i'm rather bad on dates.我记名字记得相当牢,可是记日期却不行。before then, air pollution may have become an international, rather than national problem.在那以前,空气污染与其说是国家问题,倒不如说是一个国际问题。

篇3:高考必背英语词汇讲座-R字头

1、rather than, other than, would rather(...than)

rather than是连词,前后两端所连的词性是一致的,通常译为“而不是”或“与其说是……不如说是”,有时可用短语介词instead of替代。例如:he was engaged in writing a letter rather than(= instead of) reading the newspaper.他那时是在写信而不是看报纸。john ought to go rather than(= instead of) jean.应该去的是约翰,而不是吉恩。these shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这些鞋子谈不上漂亮,但穿起来倒很舒服。evans is a historian rather than a writer.埃文斯与其说是个作家,不如说是个史学家。

other than有两种意思:一是用来表示否定意义,即“不同于(= different from),非(= not)“;二是用来表示排除意义,即“除了”,相当于except。例如:the truth is quite other than what you think.事实真相和你们想的完全不一样。they are patriotic and support socialism, although many of them come from other than working class families.他们是爱国的,是拥护社会主义的,尽管他们当中有许多人并非出身于工人阶级家庭。she can hardly be other than grateful.她除了感激之外还能怎么样呢。he has visited every country in asia other than japan.除了日本之外,他访问了所有的亚洲国家。

would rather表示选择或主观上的愿望,其中的would亦可解作had。它表示“宁愿,宁可”的意思。如果要把取舍的双方都表达出来,则应该用would (or: had) rather … than,表示“宁愿……也不……”的意思。例如:my aunt invited me to the movies, but isaid i had rather go on a picnic with thegirls.我的姑妈邀请我去看电影,可是我说我倒愿意跟女孩子们一起去野餐。i am sure they would (or: had) rather die than give up.我深信他们一定会宁死不屈。he would rather resign than take part in such a dishonest transaction.他宁愿辞职,也不愿参与那样不诚实的交易。

注意:would rather 后亦可接that从句,that通常省略,从句中用动词用过去时形式表示虚拟。 would rather...than的连词than后亦可接that从句。例如:i would (or: had) rather he came on monday.我宁愿他星期一来。i would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell one lie.我宁愿丢失一打樱桃树也不愿听你说一句谎话。

2、reach at, reach for

这两个词组都有“伸手去拿(取)”的意思,但涵义有所不同。

reach at的意思是“伸手企图去触摸或达到(try to touch or attain by reaching)”。例如:he reached at the flowers in my hand.他伸手想触摸我手中的花。she reached at the glass, but it had dropped.她想把那个玻璃杯子抓住,但还是掉下去了。

reach for没有“企图”的含义,它指一般意义上的“伸手去拿(取)某种具体的实物”。例如:the boy stood on tiptoe and reached for the map on the wall.男孩踮着脚,伸出手去拿墙上的地图。then, reaching for a pencil, he wrote down his telephone number.然后,他伸手拿了支铅笔,写下了他的电话号码。

3、refer to, refer...to

refer to中的refer是不及物动词,与介词to一起构成及物动词词组。它主要有三种意思:1.查阅,参考书 2. 指...而言,适用于 3.提到,提及。例如:in this connection, please refer to our letter of may 6.关于这个问题,请参阅我们五月六日的来信。here he was referring to two different world outlooks.这里他所说的是两种不同的宇宙观。the author referred to his teacher twice in his essay.作者在文章中两次提及他的老师。

refer … to 中的refer是及物动词,to为介词,它主要有两种意思:1.“把……提交给”,to后接组织,团体等名词 2.“把……归功于”,相当于owe … to。例如:the local court decided to refer the case to the high court.地方法院决定把这案件提交高级法院处理。they referred their success to the correct leadership of the party.他们把取得的成就归功于党的正确领导。

4、regret doing, regret to do

regret doing是指“做了某事而感到遗憾或后悔”的意思,即v-ing 的动作发生在regret的动作之前。有时v-ing用完成形式。例如:she regretted missing the train.她为没有赶上火车而感到懊恼。i regretted having left the work unfinished.我为没有完成这件工作而感到有些遗憾。

regret to do是指当时或现在“遗憾地做某事”。尽管regret在这儿是动词,但常译为副词的意思,相当于regretfully。例如:the comrade regretted to inform us that xiao lin had been severely injured.那位同志遗憾地通知我们,小林受了重伤。i regret to tell you that we cannot stay here any longer.我遗憾地告诉你,我们不能再在这儿多呆了。

5、reply, answer, respond

reply:“回答,答复”,正式用语,指以书面形式答复,也指用行动回击,在辩论中回敬。除了后面带直接引语和that引导的宾语从句外,一般只作不及物动词。常用作拟人化,常用词组:in reply to回答,答复。i answered your letter by sending a postcard last sunday and havebeen waiting for time to reply to it.上周我寄了一张明信片来回复你的信,此后一直等时间复信。do you intend to reply to this attack on your character?对这种对你品行的攻击你打算回敬吗?

answer:“回答,答复”,普通用词,常指口头回答问题,答复争论或指责,或要求给予辩护,inanswer to回答,响应。usually you use words to answer a question but not always. you might answer by shaking your head or shrugging your shoulder.通常你用言语回答问题,但并不是总这样,你可以摇头或耸肩以示回答。these figures were given in answer to the question from the opposition spokesman.列举这些数字是为了答复反对党发言人的质问。

respond:“反应,响应”,指通过口头或行动做出相关反应,并且常常是即刻地或毫不犹豫地做出反应。i should like to respond to my opponent's remarks about the government's actions.对于我的对手就政府所采取的行动所说的那番话,我愿意做出答复。is it true that antiquated legal ideas prevent the government from respondingeffectively to the demands which modern society makes up to it?过时的法律观点真的会妨碍政府对当代社会向其提出的要求做出积极的反应吗?when martin insulted the referee, he responded by ordering him off the field.马丁辱骂裁判时,裁判以令其退出比赛场地作为答复。

6、responsibility, duty, obligation

responsibility:“责任“,一般由于法律,职业或道德等要求而必须尽的责任,而且含有要对后果负责任的意思。常用短语有:accept/ assume/ take the responsibility 任但责任、负责任;decline all responsibility about拒绝对……负任何责任。例如:i will lend you my camera if you will assume full responsibility for it.如果你能负完全责任,我愿把照相机借给你。the manufactures disclaim all responsibility for damage caused by misuse.使用不当而造成的损坏,生产厂家不负任何责任。

duty:“义务,责任,职责”,通常强调由于道德、伦理、法律规定等而产生对自己及他人乃至社会的义务或责任,还指在工作中应尽的责任(常用复数)。例如:the delivery on confidential letters was a duty that he never relegated to anybody else.他从未把投递机密信件的责任推给任何其他人。the first thing to do is to acquaint yourself with your new duties and colleagues.第一件要做的事情就是熟悉你的新职务和同事。

obligation:“必须履行的义务、负担、责任”,强调由于现实的压力如诺言、誓言、契约、法律及社会习惯的约束而对他人应尽的义务或应当承担的责任。常用短语有:fulfill an obligation 履行义务;express sb's deep obligation to 向...表示深切谢意;a matter of obligation 义不容辞的责任。例如:i'm under obligation to professor hawkins for some useful criticisms upon the first edition of this book.我感激霍金斯教授对于本书初次出版的若干有益的批评。it was plain that green was carrying out what he regarded as a fixed obligation.很明显,格林当时正在尽一种他认为是不可推卸的义务。

7、reserve, conserve, preserve

reserve:“保留,保存”,指储藏或保留座位,物品,问题,意见,权利等留待以后需要时再用或指限制目前或他人使用。例如:reserve (one's strength) oneself for the next battle 养精蓄锐以利再战;all rights reserved 版权所有,不得翻印。this is the force of will which had enabled her to reserve the fund intact.正是这种意志力使她能够不动用专款。it's well known to all of us that the runners should reserve some of their energy for the final sprint. 众所周知,运动员应为最后的冲刺保留一些体力。

conserve:“保存,保重”,指为了避免不必要的或过多的变化、损失、损耗而采取措施加以保护,而且通常表示保存得完好无损。例如:in my opinion, our constitutional can be conserved only by an intelligent electorates.依我看,宪法权威只能由有才智的选民来维护。john slipped his coffee, made from his carefully conserved supply brought with him from england.约翰慢慢地品尝他从英国带来的并保存得很好的咖啡。

preserve:“保护、防护、维护、维持、保存”,强调防御破坏的含义,指采用某些方法以保持某物的存在不受损毁,破坏,还指用各种方法防止食物腐烂。如:there is nothing like routine and regularity for preserving one's peace of mind.日常事物和规律性活动最能保持人的心境平衡。we have done our best to make repairs and preserve these cultural relics and historical sites.我们已尽了最大努力来修理和保护这些文物古迹。

8、respective, respectful, respectable

这三个形容词都是由动词respect分别加后缀派生而来的,在含义和用法上是有区别的。

respective是“各自的,个别的,分别的”的意思,只用作定语,而且几乎总是修饰复数可数名词。例如:go to your respective places.各就各位。my husband and i are each going to visit our respective mothers.我丈夫和我都分别准备去看望我们各自的母亲。he and i contributed the respective sums of six dollars and four dollars.他和我分别捐了六美元和四美元。

respectful是表示:“尊敬(或尊重)的(showing respect)”的含义,可作定语或表语。作定语时,所修饰的名词一般是非生物名词,句中的主语只能是人。例如:when he raised the problem, she kept a respectful silence.当他提出那个问题时,她恭敬地保持着沉默。the boy were well mannered and respectful toward grown-ups.那些男孩们彬彬有礼,尊敬长辈。

respectable:“值得尊敬;受敬重的”意思,含被动的意味,可用作定语或表语,其所修饰的名词或句中的主语应该是人。它还可形容人“名声好的;正派的”,或指某种东西是“尚可的,质量还不错的”等意思。例如:he is a respectable old cadre.他是一位可敬的老干部。how dare you talk to a respectable woman like that?你怎么可以对一个受人尊敬的妇女说那样的话?what he did is not quite respectable.他做的事不很正派。his work is respectable but not outstanding.他的工作干得不错,但还不算突出。

9、responsible for, responsible to

这两个词组中responsible是形容词,一般多用在连系动词be后面作表语。两个词组均表示“对……负责”的意思,但用法有别。

responsible for后接表示事物的名词或动名词,表示“对某事负责”的意思。此外,在主语与介词宾语都是事物名词时,其主语和宾语常含有因果关系,翻译时则要灵活对待。例如:the pilot of the plane is responsible for the passenger's safety.飞机驾驶员应对旅客的安全负责。the bad weather is responsible for the small attendance.由于天气恶劣,所以出席人数不多。the gale was responsible for the ship being 36 hours late.大风使该船晚点三十六小时。

responsible to后接表示人的名词或代词,表示“对某人负责”的意思。例如:we must be responsible to the people.我们应该对人民负责。their duty is to hold themselves responsible to the children.他们的责任是对孩子们负责。 这两个词组可合并在一起,构成responsible to sb. for (doing) sth.结构,表示“为所做的事或受托的事向某人或某团体负责”。例如:i am responsible to the parents for the child's safety.我要为这个孩子的安全对他的父母负责。

10、result from, result in

这两个词组均为动介型短语,均表示主语和介词宾语之间的一种因果关系,但其在用法上是不同的。

result from意指“是……的结果,由于……而发生”,即主语表示结果,介词from的宾语则表示原因,即主语的结果是由宾语的原因引起的。

result in意指“结果是,导致;结果造成”,其主语表示原因,介词in的宾语则表示结果,即主语的原因导致或造成了宾语的结果。试比较以下两句的转换: his death resulted from an overdose of drugs.他的死是由于服用药物过量引起的。these measures resulted in a great victory.由于采取了这些措施,结果打了一个大胜仗。

11、run out, run out of

这两个词组都有“用完”的意思,但用法不同。 run out是动副型短语动词,作不及物动词,表示“被用完了(become used up)”的被动含义,其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词。例如:his money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花完了。

篇4:高考必背英语词汇讲座 A

1. above all

表示“最重要的是;尤其”的意思。

例如:

the local government faces many tough problems, and above all, pollution problem.当地政府面临许多问题,但首当其冲的是污染问题。

a capable candidate should be outstanding in many ways, and above all, confidence.一个称职的竞选者应在许多方面表现突出,但最重要的是自信心。

2. according to

according to是一个短语介词,意思是“按照或根据”。

例如:

he will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime.他所受的惩罚要根据其犯罪的严重程度而定。

i will take the medicine according to the instruction.我会按说明来服药的。

我们又常常会碰到“according as”这一短语,那么这两者又有何联系呢?according as 是短语从属连词,后接从句。作“根据……而”或 “视……而定”解。例如:you will be praised or blamed according as your work is well done or not.根据你的工作表现好坏,将给予奖励或惩罚 。

3. account for

这个词的意思比较多,归纳起来,有以下用法:

1). 解释,说明。例如:she was unable to account for '5000.她无法解释那5000美元的去处 。

2). 是……产生的原因,解释为什么有(某种情况)。例如:the police tried to account for the blood spot.警察试图解释这血迹是怎么来的。

3). 占。例如: students account for 50% of our customers. 在我们的顾客中,学生占了一半。

the tuition accounts for two thirds of his income. 学费占了他三分之一的收入。

4. act out

表示表演出来比划着(用手势及语言表演或表达)”的意思。

例如:

the children were told to act out their favorite story.孩子们被要求表演他们最喜爱的故事。

the football fan is trying to act out the match he saw on tv.这个足球迷正试图连比带划地把他在电视上看到的比赛讲出来。

说到表演,则使人想起一个与之意思相关的另一个词组,也是高中阶段常用的词组之一,那就是“act as”,意思是充当,担任,扮演……的角色。

例如:she acted as a princess in the short play.她在这部短剧中扮演公主。

many college students act as guides during their summer vacation.许多大学生在暑假里担任导游。

5. add to

add to中的add是不及物动词,to为介词,一起构成及物动词词组,表示增加,增添的意思。

例如:

they also raise fish and poultry, thus adding to the total income.他们还养鱼,饲养家禽以增加收入。

her son's death added to the old lady's sadness.这位老妇人因儿子之死而更加悲伤。

注意区别它与add…to以及add up to 的不同含义。add…to的意思是把……加到……上去。例如:would you please add a few notes to the article?请您给这篇文章加几条注释好吗?而add up to的意思是加起来等于,总计达。其中,add是不及物动词,up是副词,to是介词,一起构成及物动词词组。

例如:the various building programs add up to several thousand new homes.各种各样的建筑项目构筑成了几千座新屋.the total figures add up to 270.总数加起来是270。

6. adventure与venture

这两个词都有冒险的意思,都可用作名词和动词。那么它们之间究竟有何不同呢?adventure多用于褒义场合,指危险中非常激动人心的经历。

例如:he talked about his adventure in the desert.他讲述了他在沙漠中的一些冒险经历。

venture主要用于商业上的冒险和投机活动,特别指那些不是一下子发迹就是输得精光的投机活动。作动词时,还可表示冒昧,敢于的意思。

例如:

one lucky venture in australia made his name overnight.在澳洲一次幸运的投机使他一夜成名。

i venture to say that by the year 2500 there will be men living on the moon.我敢说,到公元25会有人在月球上居住。

7. afford

高中课文中出现的与此单词组成的词组是afford sb. sth.,表示提供某人某物。

例如:

those efforts afforded us useful experience.这些努力使我们得到了一些有益的经验。these activities afforded him great pleasure in his old age.这些活动给他的晚年带来了很大的乐趣。

在很多场合,afford表示有经济条件做某事。

例如:

before liberation many people could not afford to send their children to school.解放前很多人由于付不起学费而不能送孩子上学。

in those days we were too poor to afford medical treatment.那时候我们太穷,治不起病。

8. agree to

表示同意某一建议,安排等,意思接近consent to。

例如:we agreed to their suggestion.我们同意了他们的建议。

under no circumstances can we agree to such a principle.在任何情况下我们都不会同意这一原则。

注意:在agree后接不同介词,词义会有所不同,如:agree with,表示同意某人的意见,我们可以说:i quite agree with him.我完全同意他的意见。又如: agree on或agree upon,它表示在某一点上取得或具有相同意见,可以说:they finally agreed upon the terms of the contract.他们最后就合同的条文达成了协议。i don't agree with you on many things.在许多问题上我同你的意见有分歧。

9. aim at

提到“aim at”这个词组,便会使人想到“aim for”这一词组,两者都表示目的是,旨在的意思,但也存在一些细微的区别。aim at 是动介型短语动词,其后可接名词,代词或动名词。它除了表示目的是,旨在的意思外,还有瞄准之意。

例如:

he aimed at the lion and fired but missed it.他对准狮子开枪,但没有击中。

he picked up a stone and aimed it at the dog.他捡起一块石头朝狗扔去。

又如:we are aiming at a 50% increase in production.我们打算使产量增长百分之五十。

10. allow

allow 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词(多用于及物动词),它主要有三种意义:

1)(1). 允许;许可(1) 跟名词,动名词或代词。

例如:we cannot allow such a thing.对这样的事我们不能袖手旁观。

(2) 跟名(代)词+不定式。

例如:please allow me to congratulate you on your success.请允许我祝贺你的成功。

(3) 跟名词(代词)+副词

the doorman allowed us in one by one.看门人让我们一个一个地进去。

2). 给予; 让……有how much money does your father allow you for books?你父亲给你多少钱买书?

they allowed us twenty minutes for lunch.他们给我们二十分钟的时间吃午饭。

3). 承认(1) 跟名词或代词the judge allowed the claim.法官同意了这一要求.

(2) 跟从句the officer allowed that it was an american tank.那军官承认这是一辆美国制造的坦克。

(3) 跟带不定式的复合结构you must allow yourself to be in the wrong.你必需认错。

表示允许的词很多,比如: permit,let,admit等。下面我们来看一看它们之间的差别。allow指“听凭”,“不禁止”,含有消极的意味。例如:

my parents do not allow me to go out at night.我父母不允许我晚上出去。

permit指正式地“允许”或根据法律规定“许可”, 比allow来得积极。例如:

smoking is not permitted in the cinema.电影院内禁止吸烟。

试比较:hunting is allowed in this area, though not officially permitted.这个地区是可以狩猎的,尽管法律上不允许。而let表示“允许”、“让”,指不予以阻止或反对,它比allow更具有口语色彩。

11. answer for

“answer for” 与 “answer to” 是两个比较容易混淆的词组。这两个词都是动介型短语动词,介词后接名词或代词作宾语。answer for是“对……负责”、“因……(错误)而负责”的意思。

例如:

do you think parents should have to answer for their children's behavior?你是否认为父母应对子女的行为负责?

you will have to answer for your wrongdoing one day.终有一天会你会为你的错误行动付出代价。

而“answer to”是“适应,符合”和“与……一致”等意思。

that answers precisely to our need.这正好符合我们的需要。

this is the answer to the question.这就是问题的答案。

12. a number of

表示数量短语,意思是“若干,许多,大量”,其后一般接复数可数名词。

例如:a number of scholars have done the experiment.许多学者已做了这项实验。

a number of new products have been trial-produced.许多新品已试制出来了。

注意区别它与the number of的不同用法。the number of是一名词短语,意为“……的数目”。复数的形式为the numbers of。作主语时,谓语动词应随the number的单复数变化。例如:

the number of students is increasing.学生人数正在不断增加。

the numbers of the machine parts are not available.这些机器零件的号码找不到了。

13. apply for

apply for是一个大家都很熟悉的词语,意思是“申请,请求”。

例如:i want to apply for the position.我想申请这个职位。

如果把这个词组中的for改为to,那么又是什么含义呢? “apply to”可以表示“敷上,涂上”。

例如:apply some medicine to his wound.在他的伤口上敷一些药。它还可用来表示“努力,专心”,相当于 “devote…to”。

例如:he applied himself to the research.他很卖力地做此项研究。

14. ask for

表示“请求得到,请求见到”或“需要”等意。

例如:

if you get into difficulties, don't hesitate to ask for advice.你要是碰到困难,要赶紧向人请教。

they all asked for the job.他们都要求做这项工作。

a young man was here earlier, asking for mary.一位年轻人刚刚来过这里,说要见玛丽。

the matter asks for immediate attention.这件事需要立即处理。

ask是一个使用频率较高的字,在高中阶段,ask after 与ask about 也是常常容易弄错的词组。请注意它们的区别。这两个词组都表示“问候,问起”的意思。但在意义上稍有不同。ask after 一般只指对第三者的问候,ask about则既可代替ask after 指对第三者的问候,也可用来表示对对方的直接问候。例如:he asked after your health. 他向你问候。he asked about me when i met him yesterday.我昨天碰到他时,他问起我的情况。

15. at all

与after all这两个是介词短语,都在句中作状语,起加强语气的作用,但其用法和意义是有区别的。前者常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。用于否定句时,表示“根本”;用于条件句时,译为“当真,实在”。

例如:i didn't understand him at all. 当时,我根本不明白他的意思。

if you want to keep your job at all, do it well.若你要保住这份工作,就得好好做。

after all常常用来表示“毕竟,终究”的意思。

don't blame him, he is a little boy after all.别责备他了,他毕竟还是个孩子。

so you see i am right after all.你看,终究还是我对。

16. at a time

作“一次,每次”讲,常用于“数词+at a time”的结构中。

例如:enter two at a time.每次进来两人。

he checked them off one at a time as they came in.他们进来时,他一个一个地核对。

注意它与at one time 的区别。at one time一般指“过去某一时期,曾一度(once)”或“同时”的意思。如表示“同时”,则两者可通用。例如:at one time i used to like her, but not any more.我曾一度很喜欢他,现在可不喜欢了。

篇5:高考必背英语词汇讲座 B

1、base与basis

这两个词在作名词时可表示“基础;基地”,但其意义是不同的。base用来指某物体的具体“基础”或底部的“支柱”。

例如:

we camped at the base of the mountain.我们在山脚下扎营。

our company's base is in new york , but we have extended many branches all around the world.我们公司的总部设在纽约,但是分公司遍及全世界。

而basis则用来表示抽象意义上的“基础”,常用于比喻句。

what's the basis of your opinion?你的意见的根据是什么?

we are willing to develop economic relations with all countries on the basis of mutual benefits.我们愿意在互利互惠的原则下同各国发展经济关系。

2、be about to

这个短语与“be to do”,“be going to do”两个短语都可用来表示“将要做某事,但含义和用法有所不同。be about to 从时间上来讲,等于be just going to do,意思是”即将,马上就要去做“。因此,在由这个短语构成的句子中,一般不可再加上表示时间的状语(如at once, next)

例如:

i am about to leave for shanghai.我将要去上海。

be to do主要表示安排或计划要在将来做的事情,它还可以表示命令等语气,相当于should, must 等。它可以同将来的时间状语连用。

例如:

the us president bill clinton is to visit japan next week.美国总统比尔?克林顿将于下周访日。

the letter is to be handed to him in person.这封信必须面交他本人。

be going to do 一般可以和be to do 换用,它在通常情况下表示计划,安排或准备去做某事的意向,但并不一定马上去做。它一般都与时间状语连用;此外,它还可以用来表示某种推断或可能性。

例如:what are you going to do for your holiday?假期有什么打算吗?

it's going to rain soon, look at those black clouds.看那些乌云,快要下雨了。

3、beat; hit; strike

这三个词都有”打;击;敲“的意思,但仔细分辩,还是有其各自的用法。beat 表示”连续不断地打击“;尤其指心脏的跳动。hit表示”撞击“(尤指一次性的)或命中(目标)。而strike除了与hit同义外,还可以理解为划(火柴);给人深刻印象等。

例如:

the man looked dead but his heart was still beating.这个人看上去已经死了,可心脏还在跳动。

he hit the ball so hard that it went over the wall.他使劲地击球,结果球越过了墙。

she struck (or: hit) him hard on the head with a vase.她用一只花瓶使劲地往他头上一敲。

he went in, struck a match and lit a candle to give light. 他进屋,划了根火柴并点燃了蜡烛照亮了房间。

the foreigner was deeply stricken by the beauty of the west lake.外宾对西湖之美印象极深。

4、before long; long before

这两个词组只是在顺序上有所颠倒,其含义却完全不同。before long = soon ,表示”不久以后“。

例如:i hope you will be back before long.我希望你不久就回来。

而long before = long time ago很久以前,

例如:i saw that american film long before.我很久以前就看过那部美国电影了。

有时long before后面可以跟一个句子,这时候before是连词,引出一句时间状语,表示”在…… 前很久“的意思。例如:he had been a party member long before he came to our school.他到我们学校来之前早就是一个党员了。

5、begin

这个词看来再普遍不过了,但它用于某些词组时,其意思就会有所不同,让我们看一下:

1.begin by 作”先(做某事)“解。

例如: i must begin by telling you about the factory itself. 我先给你们谈一谈工厂本身。

2.begin with它的意思是以…开始。

例如:knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始。

3.to begin with

1). 首先we can't go. to begin with, it's too cold. besides, we've no money.我们不能去。首先天太冷。此外,我们没有钱。

2). 开始时to begin with, they had little support but later on people began to trust them.开始时支持他们的人很少,但后来人们开始信任他们了。

6、believe与believe in

believe作及物动词时,其后可跟名词,表示相信的意思;后接从句时表示认为。

例如:

i don't believe his story.我不相信他所说的。

i believe he told us the truth.我认为他告诉我们的是真的。

而believe in是一个动介型短语动词,这时believe是不及物动词,一起表示信任即trust” 的意思。

例如:she doesn't believe in god.她不信奉上帝。

they believe in astrology and let it rule their lives completely.他们相信占星术并且由它来绝对支配他们的生活。

believe与believe in的后面均可接人的名词或代词,但其意义不同。试比较:i believe in him. (= i trust him.) 我信任他。i believe him. (= i believe what he says.)我相信他的话。

7、beside与besides

这两个词都是介词,且只相差一个字母,但意义却相差甚远。beside的意思是在……旁边 和与……比较起来。

例如:may i sit beside you?我可以坐在你的旁边吗?

this year's profits don't look very good beside last year's results.与去年相比,今年的利润看来不太好。

besides的意思是除……之外(还),相当于 “in addition to”。

例如:there were three other people at the meeting besides mr. smith.与会的除了史密斯先生外,还有三人。

注:besides还可作副词用,解释为此外,而且。

例如:i don't feel like dancing tonight. besides, i will have an exam tomorrow.我今晚不想跳舞,再说我明天还要测验呢。

8、blow up与blow out

blow up一词的含义颇多,可归纳为:

1. 炸毁the soldiers blew up the bridge with dynamite.士兵们用炸药把桥炸毁了。

2. 发脾气,责骂 when we arrived a little late, our boss blew us up.我们晚到了一会儿,老板就骂了我们一顿。

mary was two hours late home from the party and his father really blew her up.玛丽聚会后回到家里比她答应的时间晚了两小时就遭到她父亲的一顿骂。

3. 打气 be sure to blow up the type before you drive off.开车之前,一定要把轮胎打足气。

而blow out则表示吹灭。

she blew out the candle on her birthday cake.她吹灭了生日蛋糕上的蜡烛。

blow out the lamp, please.请吹灭灯。

9、break into与break in

这两个词组长得很像,有人甚至认为它们完全可以互换,其实则不然。 “break into”表示破门而入,闯入。

例如:

a house was broken into between midnight and 5am.在午夜到早上5点这段时间,有人闯入一家房子。

the robbers broke into his home and robbed him of many possessions.强盗们闯进他的家中,抢走了许多财物。

但它还有一个意思,就是突然开始……“,即to suddenly start to do sth.”。

例如:

the audience broke into cheers as the band came on stage.当这支乐队一出场,观众就报以热烈的掌声。

而 “break in”的另外一个意思是打断(话);插嘴。

例如:don't break in when he is telling the story.他讲故事的时候,别打断他

there's no doubt about it,“ he broke in.”那是毫无疑问的,他插嘴说。

excuse me for breaking in on your conversation.请原谅我打断了你们的谈话。

10、burn out与burn up

这两个词组都是动副型动词,在表示烧光,烧尽时,可通用。

例如:the big fire burned out (up) two tall buildings.这场大火把两座高楼烧掉了。

burn out主要指灯泡,设备等烧坏;它还可以表示放火将……赶出。

例如:

any electric light bulb will eventually burn out.任何灯炮最后总会烧坏。

i turn on a switch but the light had burnt out.我打开电源,但电灯已经烧坏了。

hundreds of families have been burnt out of their homes.有人放火使数百人无家可归。

11、but do与but to do

这两个词组都可表示除了做……之外的意思,相当于except do与except to do。它们属于 “but不定式结构,即but是介词,后接带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。比如在but前面的句子中出现了实义动词do, but后一般接不带to的不定式。反之则用but to do的形式。

例如:

he could do nothing but wait.他除了等,别无它法。

he had no choice but to kill himself.他除了自杀外,别无其它选择。

12、by heart与at heart

这两个词组在句中均作状语,在意义上却有所不同。by heart 指靠记忆(by memory),常与动词get, learn, know等连用。

例如:

the students have learned many new words by heart.学生们已背熟很多新单词了。

he has made the speech so many times that he knows every word of it by heart.这篇演讲他讲过好多次了,因此,他能把里面的每句话记得清清楚楚。

at heart有两种意义:一是在本质上;二是在内心深处;关心的。

例如:his manners are rough, but he is a kind man at heart.他态度粗鲁,但在本质上是个善良的人。when i say ”don't eat sweets", i have your health at heart.当我说你不要吃甜食时,我是在关心你的健康。

he has the welfare of the poor people at heart.他把贫苦人民的福利放在心里。

13、by turns与in turn

by turns表示轮流地,交替地的意思,相当于alternately, 多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作,

例如:

we clean the classroom by turns.我们轮流打扫教室。

she went hot and cold by turns.她一阵发热一阵发冷。

in turn有两种意义:一是依次地;轮流地,含有one after another和in proper order的意义;二是转而,反过来。

例如:

they spoke at the meeting in turn.他们依次在会上发了言。

theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论以实践为基础,反过来又为实践服务。

14、by chance与by any chance

by chance表示偶然地,意外地,碰巧的意思,相当于by accident,在句中作状语。

例如:

i had no idea he was there. i met him by chance.我不知道他会在那儿,我是偶然碰见他的。

the news came to my ears by chance.我是偶然听到这个消息的。

by any chance表示万一;也许的意思时,在句子中作插入语,它一般用于否定句或疑问句中。

例如:

if, by any chance, he failed to come, we'll ask john to work the machine.万一他不来,我们就叫约翰开机器。

have you by any chance a map of shanghai?你也许有上海的地图吧?

15、but for与but that

but for表示要不是的意思,相当于if it were not for, if it had not been for。它常用于虚拟语气。for 是介词,其后只能接名词(词组)。

例如:but for your help and guidance, i should fail.要不是你的帮助与指导,我早就失败了。

but that 表示除……以外,除非等意思,相当于except that; 也可以表示要不是的意思。but that后接从句。例如:

we ask nothing from you but that you should give a clear statement of the facts.我们什么也不要你的,就是要你把实情清楚地交代出来。

he would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.要不是他当时没有钱,他就帮助我们了。

it will go hard but that we shall bring more land under cultivation.除非我们扩大耕地面积,否则事情就不好办。

高考必背英语词汇讲座 A

高考必背英语词汇讲座 E

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高考语文古诗词必背

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高考必背英语词汇讲座-L字头(精选5篇)

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