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浅谈中学英文写作教学
枝江一中 周 丹
[摘要]:随着素质教育的大力提倡,培养学生的交际能力已成为中学英语教学的目标之一。“听、说、读、写”中“写作”是学生学习的难点。因此如何让学生写出与所内容相关,内容切题,能正确表达思想,意义连贯且与日常生活相联系的不同题材,不同内容的小短文,如何让他们利用简单的语言描述所规定的内容,就成为我们在教学中要训练和讨论的问题。本文针对目前高中写作难的现状,分析其原因,并针对自己的教学实践就写作教学谈谈自己的一点看法。
[关键字]:中西文化差异 思维转换 英语写作 英语写作能力 训练方法
现在普通中学生的英语书面表达水平总体属于“中下等”,“小康型”的的确很少,有一部分属于“温饱型”,而有相当一部分甚至还没有“脱贫”。针对学生的情况,教师的导练目标也只能定格为“写出正确的句子,减少扣分点”而已,至于运用较高级的词汇和较复杂的句子结构,对大多数普通中学生来说还很不现实。在教学中教师要么“蜻蜓点水”或抄下答案让学生背诵了之,要么明知学生的书面表达能力欠缺,却硬要学生去写,而学生也深感头疼,结果写出的文章自然错误很多,而后教师又不辞辛劳地去批阅,此种方法太劳神且效果不佳。教师在教学过程中应利用多种教学手段,从不同的层面和角度来解决学生英语写作中的诸多问题,全面的提高学生的英文写作能力。
一、 加强中英文思维转换的能力
在英语教学中,我们通常要求学生根据作文题的要求写出100词左右的短文,内容连贯、文章通畅,没有严重语法错误。这看上去似乎要求并不高,但在实际操作过程中能在短时间内写出一篇令人满意的作文的学生并不多。主要原因是大部分学生不知道英汉表达的文化差异,不会用英语思维。例如:“He is get up late. He is by bike to school.”这些都是从学生的作文中随意找到的,两句都犯了一个共同的错误――用汉语进行思维。
我们知道语言与文化水乳交融,密不可分。要想学好一种语言就必须同时学这个语言所反映的文化。中国学生在英语书面表达句子结构、句子类型及 篇章组织上存在的问题与他们所处的文化背景及中国传统思维模式的影响有关。因此在英语写作教学中,教师必配合学生注意这一问题帮助学生转变思维模式,有意识地让学生逐步接受英语表达的思维方式,让学生不犯或少犯Chinese English的错误。
二、加大基本词汇、重点句型的记忆和操练,重视语法在书面表达中的重要作用
学生习作中词汇错误,搭配不当较多。教师在授课时应要求学生记住本课的重要词汇,从读音、词形、词性、词义、基本用法和固定搭配等方面去掌握。课文中的重要句型一般不是很多,教师可以先让学生分析成分,然后让学生模仿操练,总结句型特点。例如在学生的作文中我发现这样一句话“If the weather well, we are going hiking.”当我耐心为他讲解句子成分时,他说听不懂。原来他连什么叫主语、谓语、宾语都不知道更不用说从句了。素质教育不是不要基础知识,英语中语音、动词、名词、名词单复数的变化、句子基本成分、时态语态及从句等都是基本的知识,老师必须帮学生在概念上理解,在口头、笔头的实践中掌握。在教学中教师要适时、适度地把这些基础安排在课堂教学中。
三、处理好读与写的关系
“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”这句话深刻揭示了读与写之间的辨证关系。写作总是先从读书开始的`,要想提高学生的写作能力,首先应提高他们的阅读能力。在英语课堂中,读与写的任务是相互依赖的,有时写作是被用来检查学生是否了解他们所读的材料;有时阅读是被用来对写作进行储备。那么现实读与写的有机结合,可以通过阅读文章来调动学生原有的知识,充实写作素材,通过阅读文章来调动学生作为读者和作者的经验,提炼写作框架。例如在SEFC Book1A Unit7 Cultural relics 的写作部分要求学生先阅读一封写给编辑的信,然后自己在根据自己的所见所闻向编辑谈谈自己的心声,那么这个写作过程实际上是模拟读者阅读的过程,而阅读也是模拟写作的行为。学生在阅读过程中揣摩作者的写作意图,扮演写作的角色。这就要求教师在平时的阅读授课时有意识地将课文的写作技巧点拨一下,使学生心领神会。当然也可以让学生阅读他们中的优秀作文,这就更能激发学生的写作欲望和热情。
四、强化改错训练,促进学生写作能力的提高
这几年高考题的第二卷有两个大题:书面表达和短文改错,这两题一般的学生都失分很多。英语写作能力的培养和提高应该从基础抓起。当然正确的指导、规范的训练及有效的批改对促进学生写作能力的提高起着重要的作用。一般说来,当一篇作文完成时学生关心的是分数,很少注意出错的原因及如何改正。而短文改错的命题方向恰恰是把学生平时在用英语写作时常犯的各种典型的错误放入一篇内容浅显易懂的短文中,让考生自己发现并改正错误。进行改错训练有利于学生对自己的语言错误和语言学习方面的不足有更清楚的认识,通过改错训练,检查是就会有意地注意容易出错的地方和常犯的错误。
由此可见,平时的教学中我们完全可以把短文改错和书面表达结合起来,的确可以收到事半功倍的效果。
五、有计划、有目的地进行多种方式的写作训练
新课程标准特别强调关注每个学生的情感,激发他们学习英语的兴趣,帮助他们建立学习的成就感和自信心。鉴于此,除适量的命题作文外,我们要更多地采用其他多种提高学生写作兴趣的训练方法,让学生有话好说,有话好写。
(一)写日记
如果学生对日常生活中的有关现象有所感悟,有所思考,那么写作就不愁无话可说了。教师应当鼓励学生感悟生活,要求学生多看、多听、多想,这不仅锻炼了学生的英语表达,更增进了师生的情感交流。
(二)写看法
教师给学生提供时事或与学生学习活动和生活相关的材料,诱发学生的写作兴趣,使学生有感而发,从而使学生的写作能力和技巧得到充分的锻炼和提高。
(三)说写转换,说写结合
帮助学生提高和丰富口头表达的技能,实际上也就是帮助学生积累了大量近似书面的结构和措辞。在进行口语训练时,通过师生交谈可帮助学生开拓思路、丰富写作内容。例如在高一新教材的Unit3 Going places和Unit9 Technology的speaking部分笔者可以根据自己在课堂上的发言做适当的修改,然后完成作文上交。
(四)写读后感或书评
教师可指导学生看世界名著和影视佳片,整理写作素材,指导训练与评析,写读后感和观后感等等。高一新教材的Unit5就是这方面的训练。
(五)缩写
对于写作能力不是很好的学生来说,教师可以给出课文的关键词,让学生根据关键词对课文进行缩写,这样可提高后进者的能力。
总之,写作能力的提高非一日可成,因此必须把写作训练贯彻在整个教学过程中,日积月累才能有所突破。教师在平时的教学过程中应结合教材制定书面表达训练计划,每种体裁都要进行认真的充分的训练。每次作文要及时的批改,以激发和保持学生的写作兴趣。优化评改,灵活使用多种方式,多面批,多表扬,多鼓励。这样学生才能渐渐不怕作文,进而提高英语书面表达能力。
参考文献:
① 王才仁:《英语教学交际论》,广西教育出版社,。
② 戴军熔:《中学英语写作初探》,载《中小学英语教学》,第十期。
③ 黄国文:《英语语言问题研究》,中山大学出版社,。
④ 胡壮麟:《语篇的衔接与连贯》,上海教育出版社,1994。
⑤ 王初明:《应用语言心理学》,湖南教育出版社,1990。
⑥ 高中英语书面表达课堂训练指导的实践与研究:《中小学英语教学与研究》,。
中学写作教学实录1
师:俗话说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。如果把写作比作做饭,做饭需要米,那么,写作也先得有“米”。你们认为写作中的“米”指的是什么呢?请大家举例子说说看。
生:发生在我们身边的一些事。
生:关于亲情的一些事,如:我每天上学时妈妈的叮咛。
生:我做错了一件事,父母或老师对我语重心长的教诲。
生:暑假里去一个地方游玩,看到的风景可以成为写作中的“米”。
生:观察植物的外形、特征、生长过程。
生:动物也可以是写作中的“米”。
师:你写过哪些动物呢?你能举个例子吗?
生:有一次,我看到我家的老猫把一条鱼留给它的孩子吃,我很感动,就把这一幕写下来了。
生:一个眼神也可以成为写作中的“米”。
师:你有亲身体会吗?
生:刚上学时,我不敢举手,一次,我无意中抬头看了一下老师,老师向我投来鼓励的目光,我望着老师的目光勇敢地举起了手。
师: “米”可以是生活中的细节。
生:“米”还可以是我们身边的人,如父母、老师、同学的言行举止都可以写到作文里。
生:“米”还可以是我们读过的一篇文章、一本书,或者是我们听到的一些新闻。
生:我觉得“米”还可以是我们的内心感受或对生活现象的思考、感悟。例如:我们现在正处于青春期,有时侯,我感到很烦恼,我就把自己的心里感受和自己的思索写在日记本上。
师:从大家举的例子来看,我们同学对加引号的“米”已经有了自己的理解,“米”就是指写作材料,概括说就是我们身边的人、事、物,或者说是我们亲身经历的事情和我们所看到的、所听到的、所想到的内容。
点评:对于什么是写作材料,学生是熟悉的,但体验未必深刻,他们往往难以与自己的写作实际联系起来。教师在这里试图通过让学生举自己生活中的事例来帮助学生强化这种意识——生活与写作是紧密联系的,生活是写作的源泉。
师:“米”来自生活,怎样才能从生活中找到“米”呢?下面请大家来看看班上一些同学写的日记,并思考:这几位小作者找了哪些“米”?他们又是怎样发现这些“米”的?
(学生看教师从学生日记摘录来的文字)
师:下面请几位小作者说说你是怎样找到“米”的?触动你写下这些文字的原因又是什么?
生:校园的风景真的太美了,触动了我的心灵,我不由自主地把它写了下来。我在写之前,仔细观察了景物的颜色、形状、质地等,我觉得观察景物不仅用眼睛,更重要的是用心去观察,用心去感受。
师:你说得真好,要把景写好,光靠观察是不够的,还要写出自己的感受,融入自己的感情。
生:我起初是被丝瓜藤的绿油油的颜色所吸引,后来我看到前几天被我从茄树枝上拨开的丝瓜藤又爬到茄树枝上去了,我突然觉得丝瓜藤有种不怕困难不放弃的精神,再联系自己的学习,我对丝瓜藤产生了敬意,就写了这篇日记。
师:只要我们多留心,生活中极平凡的植物也能给我们启示,成为我们写作中很有价值很有意义的材料。
生:我在这篇日记里写的是一只被轧死的小猫,这是我在马路上看到的悲惨的一幕。我之所以写这篇日记,是因为我的心灵受到了很大的震撼。我觉得小猫虽然不是高等动物,但它也有生命,也值得我们去爱护。
师:只要我们对接触到的景、物、事、人深入思考,就能挖掘“米”的深刻内涵,写出一些有深度的好文章。确实,有时写作材料是“得来全不费工夫”,但需要我们有一双敏锐的眼睛去捕捉这些材料,用自己敏感的心灵去感受、思考这些材料。
生:一次小测验,我考了一个很差的分数,心里特别难受,就想到了向日记本倾诉,于是把自己的情绪波动过程记了下来,写完之后,我觉得心里好受多了,人也变得自信了。我觉得写好一篇文章并不难,只要我们多留心,多思考,写出内心的真实感受就行了。
生:我写的这篇日记是我在看了《肖邦》这本书后的一些体会和感受。我从肖邦身上学到了许多做人的道理。在生活中,我们应该多看一些课外书,增长我们的知识,丰富我们的情感,提高我们的写作水平。
师:刚才大家看了日记,又听了几位小作者的发言,我相信你们对“怎样才能从生活中找到‘米’”这个问题已有了自己的感想,谁能说说呢?
生:要多观察。例如写劳动场面,我常常写不好,刚才我读了一位同学写的关于劳动场面的日记,我明白了只有仔细观察人物的动作、神态等,再加上自己的感受才能写好。
生:除了多留心、多观察之外,我们还要多思考、多感悟,想想事情中所蕴涵的道理,从而获得人生的启迪。
生:刚才读的一些日记材料,我也经历过或遇到过,但我没想到要写下来。所以,以后我要做一个有心人,及时把一些事情记下来,积累写作材料。
师:要从生活中找到“米”,需要我们做到“四多”:多留心、多观察、多思考、多积累。(教师板书)罗丹说过这样一句话:“生活中不是缺少美,而是缺少发现。”确实,生活中的“米”很多,但我们一些同学往往不去关注生活,不去思考生活,不善于积累生活,错过了许多好的写作素材。其实,只有要我们做一个有心人,就会发现生活中的“米”真是丰富多彩,就在我们身边。
点评:以学生自己的日记为载体,让学生现身说法,讲述自己运思成文的过程,尽管都是些生活中的平凡小事,但都流露出学生纯洁、向善的真实情感,再一次点出作文与生活的关系,并以教师的适时指导,触发其他学生对自己生活的关照和体察,引起共鸣。这种情境体验的再现,因有真实情感的介入,往往会带来其他学生将心比心和设身处地的情感熏染,影响是深刻的,比教师单纯的说教效果要好得多。
师:老师现在给你们一个话题:“亲情”,你们会选哪些“米”下锅呢?老师也从生活中选了“米”,把它写了下来。下面读给大家听听。
10月21日的晚上,父亲打来了电话:“明天你能回家一趟吗?”我的心不禁一阵莫名的颤动:父亲可从来不这样说话的呀,难道家里出了什么事?
“你妈这两天心里难过。她误用除草剂把油菜全打死了,刚把一亩多的桑树拔掉,没想到今年的蚕茧价钱比去年贵了两倍……”听着父亲的诉说,我鼻子一酸,眼泪簌簌往下流。蓦然,我感到父母真的老了。虽然他们不愁吃不愁穿,但心灵的孤寂我又知几分呢?去年祖父祖母相继去世,已经让父母心中充满了无尽的伤感,眼前的辛苦劳作又付诸东流,这怎能不让他们难过呢?姊妹四个,我离父母最近,得到父母的关爱最多,但对父母的关心却最少。 远在福建的妹妹每星期都要打一个电话跟父母嘘寒问暖,而离父母只有七八里的我却很少主动给他们打电话,即使回家也不过吃顿饭而已,从没想到要与他们聊聊天,把温暖送进他们寂寞的心怀。我真为自己的疏忽和迟钝感到羞愧,但欣喜的是父亲的这个电话让我顿然醒悟,让我切切实实走进父母的生活,走进父母的心里。
点评:教师下水文文笔流畅,感情真挚,加之教师自身声情并茂的朗读,无疑使学生对什么是“米”、怎样找到生活中的“米”有了一个更具体的感性认识。同时文章里面那浓浓的亲情对学生也是一次情感的激活。
师:老师的文章,有没有打动了你?谁来说说?
生:听了老师的文章,让我懂得了父母心中也有很多柔弱的地方,父母也需要子女爱的抚慰。
生:我常常不去留意和关心父母的感受,我只顾及到自己,老师您的文章让我这个做女儿真惭愧。
生:您的故事让我想起了我乡下的奶奶,我也好久没有去看她了,不知她现在好吗?
生:老师接到父亲的电话后自责、愧疚的语言感动了我,因为字里行间流露了老师的真情实感。
生:老师能够说出心里话,表达自己的真情,这让我很感动。
师:老师在文章里选的“米”是什么?
生:父亲的一个电话。
师:“父亲的一个电话”,这可以说是生活中的一个细节,但这个细节震撼了老师的心灵,让老师感悟到了人间最美的亲情不仅是父母对子女的爱,还应该包括子女对父母的关爱。老师相信在你们的生活中一定也有这样的生活细节曾深深打动了你。下面就请你们也来写写发生在你生活中的亲情故事。
点评:教师的这一追问问得好,不仅让学生对“米”有了更深的理解,而且打开了学生思想情感的潮水。从学生的情绪看,应该说学生此时已进入“愤悱”状态,有一吐为快的冲动。
(老师投影写作提示)
师:同学们,在我们的生活中,触动我们心灵的往往就是一些生活细节。亲人的一个眼神、一个微笑、一个动作、一句叮咛、一句安慰、一声鼓励等等,常常让人心动、令人回味。你感受到了这些充满爱的细节了吗?请你选择一个生活细节写写看。
(学生写作)
师:谁来读读你写的文章?
生:每天早晨,当我踏着朝霞离开家门上学时,奶奶总会倚在门边,用充满关切的语调对我说一声:“骑车要小心啊。”然后她用慈爱的眼神目送着我渐渐消失的背影。这时候,我却总是不以为然,心想:我天天去上学,骑车没半点差错,你可真烦呐!直到有一天,奶奶去了亲戚家,我耳边的“唠叨”没有了,我却没半点庆幸,反而心里空荡荡的,觉得少了点什么。现在,我终于醒悟了,少的不正是亲人的关爱吗?亲人的关爱,一旦日积月累,就会成为你生活中前进的动力。同学们,珍惜亲人对我们的爱吧!
生:每当早晨上学,母亲都会说:“孩子,路上小心点,学习要用功。”我总是不以为然,漫不经心地说一句:“知道了,放心吧!”直到有一天,我无意转头看了一下母亲,我突然发现母亲的脸在阳光下显得格外苍老,眼中的泪水像是要往外涌,可是又忍住了。我望着母亲,不由自主地停下车,在母亲温暖的怀里默默地哭泣。
生:一次,我被一件事耽误了吃饭时间,眼看快要迟到了,我就盛了一小口饭,胡乱地扒了几口,便夺门而出。下午放学,我背着沉重的书包在路上走着,又冷又饿,正在埋怨的时候,我隐隐约约地看见了一个人影,是父亲,我奔到父亲面前。父亲一边帮我穿上毛衣,一边关切地说:“孩子,饿了吧,快把你妈妈烙的烧饼吃了。”父亲从怀里掏出暖烘烘的烧饼往我嘴里送,而他的双手冻得通红。这时,一股暖流涌上心头,泪水在眼眶里打转。父亲用他那双大手在我头顶上摸了一摸,笑着说:“傻孩子,快吃吧,烧饼凉了就不好吃了。”
生:从早上睁开眼起,妈妈的唠叨便整天在我的耳边萦绕。当我穿衣时,妈妈唠叨:“穿暖点,小心冻着。”我便想:妈妈真罗嗦,我这么大了,穿衣还要你说吗?当我上学去时,妈妈唠叨:“路上车多,骑车小心一点。”我这时又想:妈妈真烦,你不知道我的驾车技术是一流的吗?晚上放学回到家,妈妈唠叨:“作业快点做,要认真。”我暗笑,妈妈,你累不累,我已经是初中生了,做作业还需要你提醒吗?妈妈每天都重复着同样的唠叨,日子久了,我便对妈妈的唠叨产生了一种厌恶感。今天,我终于明白:妈妈的唠叨是一种叮咛,是一种关怀,失去了这样的叮咛,我便失去了一份温暖、一份亲情。
师:刚才几位同学都能捕捉生活中的细节来写亲情,而且写得很感人。老师想对你们说:“我们不仅要做生活的有心人,我们还得善于感动,学会感恩。以感恩的心情看待父母的一句话一个动作乃至一个眼神,以满含幸福的情怀去写平常的事情,文章就能感动自己,感动别人。
点评:学生的精彩表达朴实而真诚,让我们看到了平凡事、平常事这些常常为学生忽略的“米”也开始进入了学生的视野,并倾泻于笔端。这是教师以情动人,循循善诱的可喜结果。
师总结:“问渠哪得清如许,为有源头活水来。”生活,便是我们写作取之不尽的源头活水。我们都生活在丰富多彩的世界里,只要我们睁大眼睛去关注生活,敞开胸怀去拥抱生活,用鲜活的心灵去感受生活,用勤于劳作的笔去积累生活,我们一定会从生活这个“大米仓”里找到许多“米”,丰富我们的写作之源。老师希望你们都能做生活的有心人,因为常言说得好:“留心处处皆文章。”
中学写作教学实录2
课堂设计设想:
1、让学生在观察与实践中来体验人物表情的变化。
2、养成善于观察的学习习惯。
3、体验人物丰富的表情变化,并能抓住细节进行适当的描写。
课前准备:要求每位同学写写自己最熟悉的老师的外貌,同时摘录有关人物外貌的课文中自己最喜欢的人物形象。
内容:“外貌描写”
一、揭题导入:本次作文训练,我们一起来学习外貌描写
1、谈话导入。揭示本堂课的学习目标。
2、板书课题:《外貌描写》。
二、初步感知,了解外貌描写的具体内容。
1、请同学说一说你选择的老师的外貌,让大家来猜猜,你写的是哪位老师。
2、你是抓住哪些方面来描写外貌的。
3、师生共同归纳外貌描写的具体内容。(长相、衣着、神态、姿态等)
三、抓住不同人物外貌的特征
(例文1:玲玲不到两岁,胖墩墩的。红扑扑的小脸蛋上,有一双水灵灵的眼镜。小辫儿朝天翘着,粉红色的发带在头上一颠一颠的,像两只飞舞的彩蝶。尤其逗人喜爱的,是她那张伶俐的小嘴。)
(例文2:这位老汉的眉毛胡子都花白了。但脸膛仍是紫红色的,显得神采奕奕。他身穿崭新的青布棉袄棉裤,头上还包着一块雪白的毛巾。老汉蹲在地上,乐滋滋地抽着旱烟。)
小结:人物的年龄不同,在长相神态上有不同的特征。
四、注意因人物思想感情变化而给外貌带来的变化。
1、要求同学在一张纸上表示出关于“高兴”、“疼痛”、“发怒”、“伤心”的四幅表情图,看看谁能表现的最准确,形象。
2、出示“高兴”、“疼痛”、“发怒”、“伤心”四幅图片。请同学们仔细观察,比较,想一想,人物在不同的心情下,外貌(尤其是表情)有什么不同的特征?
3、学生观察,同桌讨论,老师巡回指导,自由发言。
4、呈现例文。
(例文1:每缝高兴的时候,他就容光焕发,他那矮小、结实的身体像充了电似的精神十足,使他的两眼和皮肤增添了令人难以相信的光彩。)
(例文2:钻心的疼痛又一次向她袭来……她两手紧紧抠住车厢,摒住了呼吸。她脸色白的像一张纸。冷汗把额头、鬓发都湿透了,紧闭的双眼已含满泪水,以致瑟瑟抖动的长睫毛像在水里浸泡着一样,紧紧咬着下唇渗出一缕血痕……)
5、请同学们试着模仿例文的写法,再写写另外的两幅表情。
6、小结:外貌描写,不仅要写出特点,还要写出人物思想感情变化而给外貌带来的变化。因此,描写人物,更主要的是写好人物的神态表情,充分体现人物的精神风貌。
六、游戏作文:
1、请同桌之间互相对看,然后看谁能把对方逗笑,先笑的那一方就输了。
2、完了请同学上台表演,看能不能把同学逗笑。
3、请学生把刚才同学的表演写在纸上 。
七、课后作业:
1、观察身边不同年龄、性别、职业、身份、性格的人,注意他们在不同心情下的外貌特征,选择一个最有特点的写一篇人物外貌日记。
2、课外阅读,摘抄描写眼神的句子,想想作者在人物眼神描写上的不同特色,并用一两句话写出你的阅读体会。
附录:
肖像描写,又叫外貌描写,是指对人物面貌、衣着、身材、神情、姿态等的描写。
一.要抓住人物的特征。俗话说:“人心不同,各如其面。”每个人都有自己的特定外貌,从一定的程度上表现出自己的内心状态。由于出身、经历、素养、社会环境的影响,形成了自己鲜明的特征,这就会在表情、姿态、穿着等方面流露出来。如:“孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的的人,他身才高大,青白脸色,皱纹间时常带一些伤痕;一步乱蓬蓬的花白胡子。他对人说话,总是满口之乎者也,叫人半懂不懂的。”(孔乙己)这段外貌描写,抓住了最能反映人物思想性格的外部特征,勾画出了一个穷困潦倒、轻视劳动人民、好吃懒做、不肯放下读书人架子的封建知识分子的典型形象。
二.要有选择性。作家老舍说的好:‘人物的外表要处,足以烘托出一个单独的人格,不可泛泛的由帽子一直形容到鞋底,没有用的东西往往是人物的累赘。“《故乡》一文中的杨二嫂外貌的精妙的描写:”我吃了一下,赶忙抬起头,却见一个凸颧骨,薄嘴唇,50岁上下的女人站在我的面前,两手搭在髀间,没有系裙,张着两脚,正像一个画图仪器里的细脚伶仃的圆规。“一个女人,”两手搭在髀间……张着两脚“,像个圆规似的立在你面前。作者抓住了杨二嫂的外貌重点来写,一个精妙的比喻,就把杨二嫂这种小市民毫无教养、倚老卖老、仪态丑陋的模样凸现出来。
三.要注意顺序
肖像描写往往是多方面进行的,写作应按照合理的顺序来进行。赵树里的小说《老杨同志》中的肖像描写就体现这点。“他(老杨同志)头上箍着白手巾,身上是白小布衫蓝裤,脚上穿着半旧的硬鞋,至少也有二斤半重。“这段肖像描写,突出了老杨同志的生活俭朴。作者进行肖像描写的顺序和层次非常清楚:它是从“头上”、“身上”到“脚上”,由上到下,有条不紊写的。
五.要在动态中展现人物肖像
人物多数是处在活动之中的。因此,我们要善于在动态中或者说在情节发展中逐步展现人物肖像。如〈我的叔叔于勒〉一文中的高潮部分,便成功运用了动态中进行肖像描写。写菲利普时,随着情节的发展,从“神色不安”到“神色张皇”,再到“神色很狼狈”;脸色从苍白到煞白;两只眼睛从“不寻常”到呆滞。这样,人物的神态随着情节的发展而变化,即活现了菲利普从热望到失望的狼狈相,又充分暴露了他的虚伪可鄙的嘴脸。总之,肖像描写要紧紧围绕文章的中心思想,着眼于充分表现人物的特点来进行才能收到良好的结果。
公开课教案:应试话题作文写作训练
教学构思:
学生面临毕业和升学考试,而作文分的比例较大,占a卷的50%;近年来各地语文考试流行话题作文,因为它给学生更大的自由空间,更能展示学生真实的作文水平。但有的学生习惯于命题、半命题作文的写作,对话题作文相反难以下手,写不好话题作文。因此,很有必要给予学生指导,让其全面把握话题作文的写作要求,把话题作文写好,争取高分。
第一步,导入用小鸟与树林作比,激发学生兴趣,引入课题。第二步,指导明确话题作文的写作要求,用具体的作文实例引导学生归纳出话题作文写作的一些要求。第三步,具体的话题作文训练,学生从话题所包含的内容生发开去,围绕自己最熟悉的材料,选择、最小的切入点,选择自己最擅长的文体作文,然后师生共评。第四步,小结。
教学中,联系第六册前三单元作文训练内容,着重从审题立意、构思创新、运用多种表达方式等方面引导学生,从大处着想,不纠缠细节。
教学过程:
一、导入:
打一个比方,如果你是一只小鸟,现在有一根树枝、一棵绿树和一片鸟语花香的林子让你选择,你会选择什么?我想每只小鸟的答案都会是:鸟语花香的林子。为什么小鸟们的选择只此一个?原因很简单:因为鸟语花香的林子就是小鸟们的最美的渴望和归宿。进一步说,小鸟们之所以把林子当作一致的选择,无非是林子能带给它们更多的美丽、自由和快乐的东西。而话题作文的出现,其实就好比是把同学们带到一片鸟语花香的林子面前,因为相对于以往传统作文命题形式,话题作文能带给每个同学更多的作文自主性。
二、指导:
出示学生作文实例(话题作文《真》),学生阅读后简要评析。
指名谈自己对这篇作文的评价,包括成功的方面和需要改进的方面。教师从审题立意、构思创新、表达方式等方面引导分析。
教师根据学生意见归纳出话题作文写作时要注意的几个问题:
1.理解话题内涵,明确作文要求;
2.话题≠文题,标题和内容都要新颖;
3.选择切入点,围绕中心,大题小作;
4.写熟悉、生动、鲜活的内容;
5.表达真情实感;
6.多种表达方式综合运用。
三、训练:
展示一些表现“爱心”的图片,学生观察思考。然后出示训练话题:“爱心”,明确要求,学生写作。(写成片断、开头、提纲都行。一两百字)
教师提示要求:即前面由学生评价归纳出的几条要求。特别强调要正确理解话题的内涵、选择切入点,写自己熟悉的东西、擅长的文体。
学生写完后自评,再和同桌互评,最后交教师。
教师抽取其中有代表性的一两份展示,师生共同评价。
布置作业:课外将自己写的东西扩展成一篇作文,不少于600字。
四、小结:
这就是话题作文,它为我们的作文送来了一片鸟语花香的林子。话题作文实实在在给我们的作文带来了更为开放的空间,在这个开放的空间中,我们必将更能平等地获得放飞自己的机会。我们是自由的鸟儿,让我们在鸟语花香的林子面前,引吭高歌吧!
[话题作文实例]
“真”话题作文
[提示]教育家陶行知先生曾这样说过“千教万教教人求真,千学万学学做真人。”一个“真”字道出了教育的根本,做人的真谛。生活中,惟真才善,惟真才美,惟真才坚……
[要求]请以“真”为话题,将你在成长历程中所遇、所思、所感写下来。不少于600字。
真
上小学时,我特别喜欢上语文课,因为语文课上老师会当着全班同学念我写的作文。这是我最自豪的时候,也是仅有自豪的时候。我数学不怎么样,即使是语文,除了作文也不怎么样。
现在想起来,那时的作文,大都是命题作文,而且经常重复,所以写起来特别容易。可是,我从来没有写过一篇我亲身经历、自己做过的事,一切都是自己想象的。也就是说,都是假的,从来就没有把现实中的我以及发生在我身上、我身边的人或事写上过作文本。还有一个原因,我有几本作文书,经常看看,也就记住了几个故事,所以就经常把它们写入我自己的故事里,可是每次都得到表扬。偶尔想写写真实的事,真实的我,可是就是不成功,反而没有写假的好。我就养成了乱编故事、乱编情节的习惯。
上初中后,教师叫我们写作文要以丰富的生活为题材,我也尝试着写了几回,但作文都得不到高分。于是我放弃了,干脆就像原来那样乱编来写吧。别说,效果还不错,比写真的好多了,老师也不能看出破绽,还说我进步挺大。直到现在,我还是没有写真正作文的习惯,总是胡思乱想一通加上一些虚假情节,就是一篇作文。可是,我发现,效果越来越不好,总是不能够得高分。我不知道我是否应重新开始,以真实的生活、真实的我、真实的事物为题材。可是我又害怕像以前那样得到不好的效果,反而会影响我以后的写作。
我现在真是后悔,后悔当初没有听老师的话,总是自作聪明,把自己不知不觉带入一个似乎虚拟的写作空间,形成了一种坏习惯,不肯写自己更多的东西而造成这样的后果。
写作有了真实,要以真情打动读者。我想生活、做人不是一样吗?都需要一个“真”字,一旦进入不真的界限,将使你不知所措。
中学写作教学实录3
围绕中心 严格选材
知识要点:
1、确定内容,就是选择材料;确定中心,就是确定中心思想,也叫立意。
2、中心思想是文章的灵魂,材料是文章的血肉。
3、中心思想从材料中提炼,还要靠材料来表现。
4、同一个材料从不同的角度分析,往往会发现几种不同的思想含义。
考试说明:
中考时,学生怎样根据命题要求来确定表达的内容呢?这是在确定中心之前首先要解决的问题。所谓选择材料就是针对这个意思说的。
纷繁多变的当代社会生活是写作的源头活水,中学生只有紧跟时代步伐,同现实生活息息相通,才能不断激发出对生活的新鲜感受,写出时代感强的鲜活文章。从中考作文来看,考生在确定表达的内容时,可从以下六个方面着手。
1、着眼当代热点
山东省20中考作文要求考生根据“操场上,小鹿同学突然晕倒了……”这一材料,
就这件事可能发生的种.种情况进行联想和想象。有位考生把构思和选材的目光投向揭露迷__功的罪恶这场政治斗争,以《走出生命的误区》为题叙写了小鹿同学痴迷__功
,患心肌炎却迷信“有大师保护,快要成仙”的歪理邪说,拒绝医治最终晕倒这令人痛心的过程,强烈声讨迷__功摧残下一代的罪恶行径。这种选材与当代的政治斗争紧密联系,具有鲜明的时代色彩。
2、着眼当代新风
年兰州市中考作文题是《美在身边》,大多数生活面窄的考生都把寻找美的目光投向学校或家庭,而有位考生调动自己的课外阅读积累,这样写道:“记得5月初的《兰州晚报》上刊登了兰州急救中心O型血告急的消息,第二天,就有多名群众挽起袖子为急救事业无偿献血,挽救了众多病人的生命,这不正是有无数颗美好心灵汇聚而谱写的爱之歌吗?”这样的新风这样的“美”,就出现在中考前一个多月,真实、鲜活、动人,跳动着时代脉搏,是那些“人有我有大家有”的被用滥了的材料所无法相比的。
3、着眼当代改革
当代改革大潮涌动着创新的灵魂,在中考作文中引入改革题材,能给人全新的感受和思考。2001年广东省中考作文题是《新的 》。有位考生把课程改革引进选材的视野,以《新的课程》为题,描写同学们对电脑等新课程的热切呼唤,事真情深,现实意义强烈。而河北省有位考生反向落笔,历数应试教育的种.种弊端,结尾处写道:“中国的莘莘学子,何时才能搬掉书岳题山,‘指通豫南,达于汉阴’”呢?这位考生拟题《中国的教育家,你难道还没有发现吗》(命题要求是以“发现”为话题作文),对教育改革的期盼之情振聋发聩。文章以对教育现状的全新审视作为题材,体现出作者与时俱进的意识,那直陈时弊勇于改革的锐气,新人耳目。
4、着眼当代科技
科技高度发展是当今时代的重要特征。中考作文如能写及高科技带来的现代文明,或是就“记忆移植”这类双刃剑发表看法,定能显示出强烈的时代意识。武汉一考生写的题为《“我”为我服务》(命题要求以“服务”为话题作文)的科幻故事就是范例。题中带引号的“我”是“克隆学生公司”同过“我”的细胞复制出来的克隆人。克隆人“我”代替原“我”读书、作文、考试,原“我”却“躲在游戏机室,尽享美好人生。”一年后,克隆人“我”帮原“我”考入重点高中后便离去,此时原来的“我”大脑竟像“生了锈的轮子”不会思维,腿部肌肉也严重萎缩,原“我”在文末呼喊:“可怕的服务!可怕的克隆人!”作者对高科技发展的产物——克隆人明确地表示否定态度,带有很强的趣味性与时代感,别巨匠心。
5、着眼当代名人
当议论需要例证或者叙写需要旁及某一内容时,选择的眼光应多向当代名人扫描,力避陈陈相因,人云亦云。江苏淮安市2001年中考所考的是全命题作文“在机遇面前”。有位考生以香港总商会会长霍英东先生和美国微软之父比尔•盖茨为例,论证“把握机会必须具有战略眼光和开拓精神”这一论点,材料鲜活典型。阅读时浓厚的时代气息扑面而来。四川省2001年所考的是半命题作文《我渴望 》。有位考生别出心裁,拟题《我渴望做一回自我》,选材涉及近年来被狂炒的两位“名人”——韩寒和哈佛女孩刘亦婷。文章叙述自己机械生硬地模仿韩寒、刘亦婷所带来的不良后果,抒发了做一回自我的自信和勇气。材料的鲜活和“名人”引发的多种视角能激起读者全新的思考。
6、着眼当代理念
例如,大城市居民怎样看待来自农村的民工群体?传统观念与当代理念在这里怎样发生碰撞?四川省的一位考生以《我渴望大家理解他们》为题,生动地描述了一位青年民工舍身救城市儿童的故事,抨击了人们的偏见和世故,文章还对如何看待改革开放大背景下的“民工”做出了充满激-情的回答,充满着人文关怀色彩。这种着眼于当代新理念构建的选材视角,是独特而富有启迪意义的。
[4—1] 以“柳”为话题写一篇文章,题目自拟,文体不限,不少于600字。
导思:我们对柳树并不陌生,上小学时就背诵过贺知章的《咏柳》,十分赞赏其中的“不知细叶谁裁出,二月春风似剪刀”所表现出的想象力;上初中后又学过王维的《送元二使安西》,“劝君更尽一杯酒,西出阳关无故人”所表现的真挚友情令我们赞叹不已。在考虑以柳为话题的文章的选材时,怎样避开这些人所共知的素材,表现出一种独到的眼光呢?可以从以下几个方面来思考:
1、引用体现当代性的材料,展示你关注现实的个性积累,以“悟”出新。例如你可引用党的好干部、人民公仆孔繁森的《咏红柳》:“无垠戈壁绿一层,历尽沧桑骨殷红。只因根生大漠下,敢笑翠柏与青松。”你可以把“孔繁森就是‘历尽沧桑’、植根大漠、枝殷叶绿的红柳”这样的深刻感悟融入文章,亮出新意。
2、如果你有较多的古诗词积累,你不妨从王维的“客舍青青柳色新”说开去,介绍古人折柳送别的习俗及其原因。例如你可引用王之涣的《送别》:“杨柳东风树,青青夹玉河。近来攀折苦,应为离别多。”白居易的《忆江柳》:“曾栽杨柳江南岸,一别江南几度春。遥忆青青江岩上,不知攀折是何人。”这种选材特点是写同类人所未知,以知出新。
3、如果你写脱物抒情类的文章,那么你要尽量避开赞美顽强、生命力旺盛一类的内容,选取新的感情引发点。例如柳长得越高,枝条却垂得越低,微风吹拂,婆娑起舞。有人说这表现着谦虚,但如果你说它“那时因为大地时时提供着养料,柳枝不忘养育之恩,向着大地母亲微笑,献上敬意呢”,便能将柳树的外在美和内在美结合着写,有了创意,有了你属于自己的情愫,这就是“以情出新”。
4、引用贬柳诗,如宋朝陈与义的《柳絮》:“柳送腰肢日几回,更教飞絮舞楼台。癫狂忽作高千丈,风力微时稳下来。”从以柳讽人拓展开去,可以奇出新。
[4—2] 以“良师”为题,写一篇不少于600字的文章,体裁不限。
导思:虽是全命题作文,但既无提示,又无其他限制,只要所写突出“良师”即可。这道题开放度很大,为学生提供了展现个性的广阔空间。要在选材上闪出创新的亮色,应把握以下几点。
1、多考生写“教学上认真”“生活上关心”的“良师”这类“第一构思”,选择“医治心灵创伤”等内容为题材,在读者面前凸现一个“良医”式的“良师”形象。
2、跳出一篇写一人的常规思维,从印象深刻的众多“良师”形象中选出若干美丽的场面,构成“良师”群体,从不同角度表现主题。
3、打破“以人为师”的框框,选取生活中通过暗示间接地教育你的事物为叙写对象,展现这些不开口的“良师”的内蕴美。你可以写黑板--心甘情愿地把自己漆成一身黑色,为的是能清楚地衬托出粉笔字的白;你可以写扫帚——同污秽赃物势不两立,必欲扫除之而后快,而当人们在赞美优美清洁的环境时,在议论该给谁一个荣誉称号时,它却躲到了不为人注意的墙角;你可以写橡皮——宁可天天承受磨砺身躯的痛苦,但决不放过白纸上一丝一毫的错误;当然你还可以写坚忍不拔的小草,写任劳任怨的老牛,写团结互助的大雁等等,应该注意的是,无论写何物为“良师”,你都要揭示你对它独特的感悟,亮出有个性的视角。
4、你如果对“良师”的判断标准有切身的体会,如果你对校内外“良师”的个案材料比较熟悉,那么你不应该“随”写记叙文之“大流”,写一篇观点和材料都较有个性的议论文,说说你对何为“良师”的独特见解
中学写作教学实录4
一、教学目标
知识目标:学习如何作文取题的技巧
能力目标:能运用校园论坛上传作文,并交流;能结合文章内容与标题对文章进行点评。
情感目标:让学生喜欢写作,乐于上传作品,乐于交流对同学作文的看法
二、教学重、难点
重点:实现作文教学与信息技术的整合。学习“如何给作文命题”。激发学生的写作热情
难点:实现作文教学与信息技术的有效融合。
三、教学设想:利用网络实现资料的收集,实现限度的作文交互评改,打破语文教学课堂内外的界限。
四、教学时数:1课时
五、课前准备:各生上传课堂作文——以“拥有”为话题,自命题作文,到校园论坛的专属主题“方春华老师教学区”
六、教学过程
1、进入校园论坛页面
2、登录并进入主题:“会员论坛”——“方春华老师教学区”——“作文指导”
3、浏览同学搜集的“如何给作文取题”的主题,了解作文命题的技巧。
教师点拨,提示重点:(学生选重点记录)
(1)巧用修辞:比喻、借代、层递、比拟、对偶、对比、双关、设问、反问、顶真、反语、仿拟、引用、反复、通感等。
(2)善于引用:引用诗词、引用歌词、引用广告词。
(3)借用符号:借用标点符号、借用数学符号。
(4)其他形式:转换角度、故设悬念。
让文章标题新颖、曲折、吸引人,当然还有很多方法。不过,我们要注意不管用哪一种方法,一定要:
A、贴切鲜明,新颖生动。 B、言简洁凝练,不拖沓冗长。
C、题目能揭示文章内容或显示文章主旨。D、耐人寻味,能激起阅读者的阅读欲望。
4、取题训练:根据材料,请同学设计作文题目,各同学发表在本小组的专属主题,以跟贴的形式进行,使内容更容易集中。
材料:
早上外出没带伞,一场雨不打招呼就洒了下来。提着两棒玉米一根红萝卜两只馒头一杯豆浆,站在商铺的屋檐下无奈地看着天。阶下不断有人打着各色花伞缓缓走过,身边有人冒雨冲出去跳上刚刚靠停的公车。我转身看看橱窗里各式美丽的花瓶,又转身看看淅淅沥沥唱着心情老歌的天,看看自己的高跟鞋,摸摸绑得好好的头发,最后开始犹豫是否还要等到雨停再走。
心情突然坚决起来:走!淋一场雨又何妨?
淡粉的皮鞋镇定地穿行在细雨的嬉闹中,高尖的鞋跟清脆而有节奏地敲击着彩色的路砖,任凭雨水浸湿了脚趾也气度从容。雨点淘气地亲吻着我一身雪白的连衣裙,并霎时把它弄得面目全非。头发很快就湿透了,雨水顺着脖子滑向前胸后背,竟有丝丝痒痒的感觉。知道有避雨的人在看着,但我不管不顾,就一个人这样不急不缓地走着,还不忘欣赏下两旁的花草被雨水洗涮后的娇嫩,甚至想起女儿昨晚的呼叫:“妈妈,杯子倒了,水流掉了!”杯子倒了,水流掉了!多有哲理的一句话!
回到楼下大门,善良的女清洁工轻柔地跟我打招呼:“没带伞吗?”我笑笑:“淋一淋,痛快!”
中学写作教学实录5
(一)教学导入:
人是情感的动物,没有真诚高贵的情感,无法在精神上真正成人。我觉得亲情是情感树上最绚丽的一朵鲜花。我想请问大家,在你们的心目当中,亲情它究竟是什么。能不能用一句比喻句来表达?
生1:亲情是相遇的巧克力,甜蜜过后留下无尽的回味。
生2:亲情是一株小树苗,需要父母爱的阳光来普照,需要子女爱的雨水来浇灌。 生3:亲情是一首悦耳动听的歌,需要我们输入全部的感情。
师总:无论把亲情比作什么,都不足以表达我们对亲情的认识。亲情之所以为亲情,它的朴素就是它的动人之处。
1、师用多媒体播放了一组画面和文章片断。 请同学来说说自己的感受。
生1:说看到哥哥和妹妹分别的时候特别有感慨,想起自己以前和弟弟的分别。 师评:有时候放弃和割舍也是为了亲情,这是《我的兄弟姐妹》这部片子告诉我们的。
生2:李真的《忏悔录》中他一念之差导致他终身不能进校,这不仅是他个人的遗憾,也是对他母亲最大的打击。
师评:作为一个正直的人是对母亲最基本的爱,说得很好。
生3:觉得亲情是生活中很平凡很朴素但又是最能打动人心的。说了电影片断中小孩子打水给妈妈是一件非常小的事情但能体现出对父母的那种浓浓的爱。 师总:以上播放的片断都是一些细节,但它们都具有打动人的力量,这就是亲情的力量。亲情不会拒绝任何一个人的敲门,即便是具有道德罪恶的人。
2、让学生说说自己生活中的亲情细节。
生1:陈述了自己的母亲在自己还没起床的时候为自己早已安排好一切,她觉得非常的感动。
师概括:母亲的爱很琐碎,但是很平易很感人。
师陈述了一位学生在周记中写到母亲为了想出儿子改天会想吃什么以致一夜没睡好的故事。
师让一位男生 说了一下自己的亲情细节。同时也拿出外婆留下的腰鼓,深情地说了自己和外婆之间的感人故事。 师在多媒体上展示亲情的内涵: 亲情是永远割不断的血脉。
3、了解学生亲情写的情况和认识。
生1说自己以前写作的时候经常会写到自己的母亲和外婆之类的女性。但仅仅是记叙而已。
生2说自己写过有关亲情的文章,但感觉自己表达不充分。 师多媒体展示五个已学过的讴歌亲情的经典的文章片断。让学生在其中任选一个片断来看看作者是怎么写的,他是如何写得充分的。学生自由讨论。 师让学生选择了各个片断的小组代表分别说说自己小组的看法。 经过一番探讨后,教师对写作要求进行了总结,那就是:写作文时要写得充分。而要写得充分又要写得真、写得实、写得细。同时要执着地热爱生活,要细心地观察生活,要真诚地体验生活,要严肃地反思生活。用至情才能写出至文。
4、师展示五个亲情贺卡的模版。
师让学生任意选一个亲情贺卡的模板,为他们的亲人写一段亲情感言。
学生读感言(略)
师展示给学生自己写给外婆的贺卡心语并配以动画。
让学生在春节即将来临之际把自己的亲情感言及时送到亲人身边。
七、教学评析
1、教师让学生用一个比喻句来表达自己对亲情的认识进行导入,很有诗意也很有创意,这种切入方式较符合写作课的特点。
2、教师语言平各安详,感情充沛,更容易引导学生进入亲情写作教学的氛围之中。
3、教师注意从学生熟悉的课文中搜索教学材料,使学生一方面加深了对学过的课文的理解,同时,也使他们在其中获得更多启示。
4、教师展示贺卡让学生写感言这一环节很有特色,它不仅提高了学生参与课堂教学的兴趣,也在不知不觉中锻炼了学生的写作水平。
5、教师能以身作则,以自己的真实故事作为课堂素材,更容易调动起学生的情感。
6、教师电脑操作能力比较强,具备一定的多媒体教学水平。
7、教师比较注重学生的主体地位,发挥学生的积极性。
8、使用教具,提高学生学习的兴趣。
9、教师仪态比较好,有教师的风范。
10、教师表达能力比较强,普通话也比较标准。
一、英文简历撰写注意事项: 1.多用无主句 2.年代顺序由近及远 3.单项标题大写 4.纸张一般为16开或A4 二、英文简历的基本内容 1、个人情况:Name, Sex, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Permaanent Domicile, Nationality, Martial Status, Children, Religion, Party Affiliation, Health, Height, Weight, Present Address, Permanent Address. 2、职业意向:Objective/or: Position Wanted: A position as English Instructor, preferably handling students from the intermediate to the advanced levels 3、资历: QUALIFICATIONS: Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration, major in marketing. 4、经历(Job Experience):一般逆序写,
英文写作
。 5/86-12/86 University of California Press, Berkeley, California Editorial and Marketing Trainee 5/86-8/86 Wyatt and Duncan Interiors, Berkeley, California Sales Clerk 5. 文化程度(Education):一般逆序写,可以包括主要课程,例如: Master of Science with concentration in Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from Sept.,1985 to June, 1987 Bechelor of Science Beijing University, Department of Electrical Engineering, from Sept.,1981 to July, 1985 6.技术资历与特长(Technical Qualifications/ Special Skills) 7.著作及专利(Publications and Patents) 8.社会活动(Social Activity) 9.荣誉与奖励(Honours and Awards) 10.爱好及兴趣(Hobbies and Interests) 11.证明人(References) 来源:才思论文网
英文写作 -- 个人简历
一、英文简历撰写注意事项:
1.多用无主句
2.年代顺序由近及远
3.单项标题大写
4.纸张一般为16开或a4
二、英文简历的基本内容
1、个人情况:name,
sex,
date
of
birth,
place
of
birth,
permaanent
domicile,
nationality,
martial
status,
children,
religion,
party
affiliation,
health,
height,
weight,
present
address,
permanent
address.
2、职业意向:objective/or:
position
wanted:
a
position
as
english
instructor,
preferably
handling
students
from
the
intermediate
to
the
advanced
levels
3、资历:
qualifications:
bachelor
of
arts
in
business
administration,
major
in
marketing.
4、经历(job
experience):一般逆序写。
5/86-12/86
university
of
california
press,
berkeley,
california
editorial
and
marketing
trainee
5/86-8/86
wyatt
and
duncan
interiors,
berkeley,
california
sales
clerk
5.
文化程度(education):一般逆序写,可以包括主要课程。例如:
master
of
science
with
concentration
in
electronics,
massachusetts
institute
of
technology,
from
sept.,1985
to
june,
1987
bechelor
of
science
beijing
university,
department
of
electrical
engineering,
from
sept.,1981
to
july,
1985
6.技术资历与特长(technical
qualifications/
special
skills)
7.著作及专利(publications
and
patents)
8.社会活动(social
activity)
9.荣誉与奖励(honours
and
awards)
10.爱好及兴趣(hobbies
and
interests)
11.证明人(references)
来源:才思论文网
“英文投诉信写作”教学反思
按照组内教学进度安排,在所任教班级进行了“英文投诉信”写作教学,现反思如下:
一、反思备课
1、学情分析。现阶段写作是学生英语学习中存在的薄弱环节,也是师生的共同挑战。因此,针对学生实际情况搜集和整理专题写作素材。注重基础,反复操练,确保写作教学的实效性,达到提高学生话题作文写作能力的目的。
2、资料分析。教学内容以PPT课件形式呈现,按照由易到难、由浅入深、由控制—半控制—不控制、由讲解—操练、由教师主导—学生主体的原则进行合理编排和整合;另外为学生准备学案材料。
二、反思上课
1、教师方面。多媒体运用自如;板书详略得当,但书写不算美观;课堂教学用语组织及运用情况一般,需要师生间进一步磨合;提问顾全整体并照顾个体差异,分层次有针对性;对课堂中出现的非预设性问题的应急处理能力较强。
2、教学内容。由于内容偏于基础,无论文理班,大多数学生能跟上老师的'教学,积极参与、互动,把握写作要领,最后积极投入到写作实战演练中。但不可忽视的是,仍有部分英语基础差的学生上课缺乏兴趣。因此,随机将教学内容与学生实际生活相结合,提起其学习兴致。如,一封投诉信范文以“抱怨观影”为主题。在理解本篇文章时,变常规的句子翻译为东北方言版翻译,学生争先恐后举手回答,学生在欢笑中完成了任务,课堂秩序良好。
谈大学英文写作教学
英文写作课训练大学生英语语言四项基本技能之一.教师在进行大学英文写作教学时,要打好词汇、语法、句型、造句等基础, 然后在此基础上进行句子、段落和篇章的写作练习.
作 者:魏羽 作者单位:西安科技大学外国语学院,西安,710054 刊 名:中国科教创新导刊 英文刊名:CHINA EDUCATION INNOVATION HERALD 年,卷(期): “”(35) 分类号:G642 关键词:大学生 英文写作 教学Goood moring, I'm glad to interpret my lesson here . The lesson plan I am going to talk about is Part A let's learn of unit1 PEP Primary English book7. I will explain how to teach and the reason for doing this from following aspects. Ⅰ analysis of the teaching content. Ⅱ ways of teaching and learning . Ⅲ teaching procedures Ⅳ blackboard design V assessment Now Let’s focus on the analysis of teaching content. It can be divided into 3 parts as followed: the status and the function, the teaching objectives , the main points and difficult points, I’ll talk about it one by one. This lesson is the first lesson of unit 1, book7 . It includes two parts: Let’s learn and let’s play. In section 1, it mainly deals with these key phrases: on foot, by bike, by bus, by train, by subway. And in section 2, it provides a game for the Ss to prastise the patterns: How do you go to…? And the answer: I go… by../ on foot. Our students have already known some vehicles in the daily life. It’s not difficult for them to understand and use these words . If students can learn it well, it will help students to learn the rest of this unit. So, I set the following aims: The first is language objectives To make sure that students can read, recognize and use these key phrases :on foot ,by bike,by bus,by train skillfully. The next is ability objectives (1) To develop Ss’ abilities of listening and speaking. (2) To train the Ss’ ability of working in groups. moral objectives (1)to help students know some vehicles and comprehend the traffic rules (2) To foster Ss’ consciousness of good co-operation and proper competition. The main points and difficult points about this lesson is: (1) To make sure that Ss can use these key phrases correctly and skillfully. (2) To enable Ss to study in groups and co-operate skillfully. (3) To develop Ss’ interest in English. Difficult points To help the Ss ask and answer the question “How do you go to…? part Ⅱways of teaching and learning As we all know: the main instructional aims of learning English in primary school is to cultivate pupils’ basic abilities of listening and speaking and their good sense of the English language. So in this lesson I’ll mainly use “Task-based” teaching method. That is to say, I will let the Ss learn in real situations, finish a task by making a survey”How do you go to school?” to help Ss to get a better understanding of the key phrases. I will arrange these activities: guessing game, finishing a survey and having a competition. And in this lesson a recorder, CAI, will be needed. partⅢ teaching procedures>I’ll finish this lesson in five steps. step1 lead--in activities I will begin my class with “drawing and guessing” game, just like this : I show students some vehicles such as bike ,bus ,jeep which they learned before by “Stick Figures” and ask them guess what’s it. Purpose: It is important to form a better English learning surrounding for the Ss by guessing game. and at the same time it provides situations to review learned knowledge for the next step. step2 prestentation Now I’ll mainly talk about this step. 1、first there is a Free talk between T and Ss. For example: I show many pictures of beautiful cities and ask students some questions, such as “do you like this city?where do you want to go ?”and help Ss to answer them with “by train ,by plane,by ship”. By the way, I show the picture of a school, and say“ I go to schiool by bus” ,Ss read this sentence. do the actions and ask “how do you go to school?”,show many pictures of tools such as ,on foot by bike ,by bus to help students answer my question one by one. To present the key structures one by one is much easier for the Ss to learn and grasp the meanings. 2 With the help of the CAI I set a situation to help Ss understand the way of using these key phrases: A boy is coming, who is going to school. He says: I go to school by…Then play the sounds of bus, bike ask students to listen carefully and tell “I go to school by…“ according to the different sounds, by the way , I present another new phrases:by subway Purpose:Make Ss use these new phrases with sentence structures, to help Ss use the language in a real situation. step3 practise 3 I order to make every student read these new phrases correctly, I design a ”drill “in this step, I show cards as soon as possible ,students should read the words quickly and spell them. Then I ask 'How do you go to school?'students answer ”I go to ......“also I will quicken the speed to ask . The purpose is to draw the whole students'attention to the spelling of the words 4 After this, I ask Ss to do ”Let's play “ in fours. They use places cards and vehicle cards, ask and answer:How do you go to …? I go to … by…” 5, If Ss can ask and answer expertly, I will ask them to make a short dialogue. the purpose of this is to help students to learn those sentenses through a ture situation and make the dialogues in order to check if Ss can usse these key prases、sentences structures skillfully step 4 consolidation let students do a survey about ”how do you go to school?“and the table like this :write down names and tools another Ss choose Task-based teaching method is used here to develop Ss’ ability of ; communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trained. step 5 homework ask students to collect other kinds of transport tools through the library ,computer. the purpose of this is to stimulate the interest of learning english and to wide the students'knowledge step6 blackboard design my blackboard design like this :on the left Ishow the phrases:on foot,by bus.......on the right there are many sentences:how do you go to school?I go to ......” step 7 assessment due to the students'age ,I make every students work in class through many activities in order to stimulate the students'interest and provide they a wide thinking room. I make students learn this lesson very well through desiring scene statues that's all,thank you for your listening !
Dear friend,
I have received your e-mail, and I want to be your pen pal.
I think I can be your good friend. I hope to get your letter soon.
Yours,
Step5 Homework
1. Write to your pen pal to talk about yourself.
2. Try your best to send it.
The Fourth Period
Teaching aims:
1. Review the all words.
2. Describe classmates.
Key points:
1. Key word check
Imagine and describe the new students
2. Just for Fun!
Teaching aids:
Some pictures.
Teaching procedures:
Step1.Revision
1. Free talk with the learnt sentences.
2. Check homework
Step2. Presentation
1. Learn all the sentences in this unit.
-Where are you from? -where is your pen pal from?
2. Review all the main structures and countries, cities and languages by pictures.
Step3. Practice
1. Practice all the main sentences in this unit in class.
2. Ask Ss to act out their own dialogues.
3. Correct the mistakes.
Step4. Consolidation
1. Make some exercises.
2. Give more words in Just For Fun!
Mars –火星 Martian---火星人,语言类
Step5.Homework:
1. Review the whole unit.
2. Preview next unit.
Unit 16 Lesson 63
Hello, everyone. Today I’m very pleased to have an opportunity to talk about some of my teaching ideas. My topic is life in the oceans taken from Lesson 63 of Unit 16 in SEFC(2). It is made up of four parts.
Part 1 My understanding of this lesson
The analysis of the teaching material:
This lesson is a reading passage. It plays a very important part in the English teaching of this unit. Lesson 62 and Lesson 63 are a whole unit. By studying Lesson 63, Ss can improve their reading ability, learn more about the sea and the life in the oceans. At the same time, we should get the students to understand some difficult sentences to comprehend the passage better. The Ss should do some listening, speaking and writing, too. Of course, the Ss should receive some moral education. Let the Ss understand the sea better, love the sea and save the sea and the life of the sea.
Teaching aims:
1. Knowledge aim: Understand the main idea of the text.
2. Ability aim: Retell the text in their own words.
3. Emotional aim: Make the Ss love the life of the sea and do something to stop it being polluted.
Key points / Teaching important points:
How to understand the text better.
Teaching difficult points:
1. Use your own words to retell the text.
2. Discuss the pollution of the sea and how to save the sea.
Something about the Ss:
1. The Ss have known something about the sea and sea life through the Internet and other ways.
2. They are lack of vocabulary.
3. They don’t often use English to express themselves and communicate with others.
4. Some Ss are not active in the class because they are afraid of making mistakes.
Part 2 My teaching theories, methods and aids
Before dealing with this lesson, I’ll do my best to carry out the following theories: Make the Ss the real masters in class while the teacher himself acts as director; Combine the language structures with the language functions; Let the students receive some moral education while they are learning the English language.
Teaching method:
Double activities teaching method
Question-and-answer activity teaching method
Watch-and-listen activity
Free discussion method
Pair work or individual work method
Teaching aids:
1. a projector
2. a tape recorder
3. multimedia
4. the blackboard
Part 3. Teaching steps / procedures
I have designed the following steps to train their ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing, especially reading ability.
The entire steps are:
Greetings, Revision, Lead-in and preparation for reading, Fast reading(scanning), Listening, Intensive reading, Preparation for details of the text, Consolidation, Discussion, Homework
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2. Revision
1. Ask students some questions to revise the last lesson(show them on the screen).
a. How much salt do the oceans contain per thousand parts of water?(35 parts of salt. 3.5% by weight)
b. What is coral? Why are corals not found in deep water?
c. Why is the Dead Sea called the Dead Sea?
2. Check the homework(made a survey about the sea or sea life by surfing the Internet or asking for help from other people). Through this part we can consolidate what they studied yesterday, communicate with others about their survery results and prepare for the new lesson.
Step 3. Lead-in and preparation for reading
Show them some pictures and let them talk each other, and then use the pictures about sea and life in the oceans to learn new words, for example, Antarctica, huge whale, sperm whale, squid and so on.
Purpose: Arouse the students’ interest of study.
Bring in new subject: Life in the oceans.
Step 4. Fast reading
Read the passage as quickly as they can. I show the questions on the screen and let them get the main idea of each paragraph:
1. Why can living things live in such oceans around the Antarctica?
2. What does the whale feed on?
3. What is the difference between the sperm whale and other whales?
Method: Read the text individually, use question—and—answer activity.
Purpose: Improve the students’ reading ability.
Understand the general idea of each paragraph.
Step 5. Listening(book closed)
1. Listen to the tape then do an exercise(wb page 90, part 1)
2. True or false exercise.(on the screen)
Train the Ss’ listening ability and prepare for later exercises.
Step 6. Intensive reading
Read the passage carefully again and answer some detailed questions on the screen.
1. How much does a whale eat at a time?
2. Do all the whales feed on small fish?
3. How deep can a sperm whale dive?
It is also called depth reading or study reading. It means reading for detailed information.
Purpose: Further understand the text (Train further reading ability) to find out some different sentences and details of the text.
Step 7. Preparation for details of the text on the screen
1. ...its heart slows to half its normal speed.
slow-v. to become / make slower.
2. ...using sound wave
Present participle used as adverbial.
3. provide sth. for sb.
provide sb. with sth.
4. at a time: each time
5. grow to a length of...
Purpose: Train the Ss’ ability of understanding and using laguage.
Step 8. Consolidation
1. Find out the topic sentences.
2. Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.
Purpose: I want to know if my students understand the whole text really and if they master what I mean to tell them in this class. What’s more, I want to let them have the ability of introducing and analyzing expression. At the same time, I will write down the topic sentences on the blackboard according to what the students find, so they can retell it easily.
Step 9. Discussion
Show them some pictures about the polluted sea and many living things which are in danger and ask them: What are their opinions about it? In order to let them have free choice, I give them another topic: The sea is being polluted. What should they do?
Purpose: I mean to give them emotional education. I give them multi-media pictures to arouse their interest of study and their love for life. I mean to make them realize: The sea is in danger!
I teach them to do their best to help it and do something from now on. Everyone should do something to love and protect our home.
Step 10. Homework
Write an article Saving the sea. I want to improve the ability of their writing. At the same time, train the ability of do-it-yourself and looking up the information by themseleves.
Part 4. Blackboard design
Unit 16 Lesson 63
Topic Sentences:
1. Some living things can live in Antarctica.(what)
2. The whale feeds on small fish.(what)
3. The sperm whale feeds on squid.(difference)
Discussion:
1. The whales are in danger. What’s your opinion about it?
2. The sea is being polluted. What should we do?
In my opinion, the blackboard design can reflect the teacher’s ability of mastering the text and leading the students to master the text easily.
In this text, the design is not easy to write. I write the topic sentences on the blackboard in order to tell the students that this is of the importance in this class. The discussion is of the difficulty.
I want to make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.
中学英文自我介绍模板
Sample1:
My name is ________. I am graduatefrom ________ seniorhigh school and major in ________. There are ________ people in my family. My father works in a computer company. And my mother is a housewife. I am the youngest one in my family.
In my spare time, I like to read novels. I think reading could enlargemy knowledge. As for novels, I could imagine whatever I like such as a well-known scientist or a kung-fu master. In addition to reading, I also like to play PC games. A lot of grownups think playing PC games hinders the students from learning. But I think PC games could motivate me to learn something such as English or Japanese.My favorite course is English because I think it is interesting to say one thing via different sounds. I wish my English could be improved in the next four years and be able to speak fluent English in the future.
Sample2:
I am . I was born in . I graduate from senior high school and major in English. I started learning English since I was 12 years old. My parents have a lot of American friends. That’s why I have no problem communicating with Americans or others by speaking English.
In my spare time, I like to do anything relating to English such as listening to English songs, watching English movies or TV programs, or even attending the activities held by some English clubs or institutes. I used to go abroad for a short- term English study. During that time, I learned a lot of daily life English and saw a lot of different things.
I think language is very interesting. I could express one substanceby using different sounds. So I wish I could study and read more English literatures and enlarge my knowledge.
Sample3:
My name is . There are 4 people in my family. My father is a Chemistryteacher. He teaches chemistry in senior high school. My mother is an English teacher. She teaches English in the university. I have a younger brother, he is a junior high school student and is preparing for the entrance exam.
I like to read English story books in my free time. Sometimes I surf the Internet and download the E- books to read. Reading E- books is fun. In addition, it also enlarges my vocabulary words because of the advanced technology and the vivid animations.
I hope to study both English and computer technology because I am interested in both of the subjects. Maybe one day I could combine both of them and apply to my research in the future.
Sample4:
My name is . I am from . There are people in my family. My father works in a computer company. He is a computer engineer. My mother works in a international trade company. She is also a busy woman. I have a older sister and a younger brother. My sister is a junior in National Taiwan University. She majors in English. My brother is an elementary school student. He is 8 years old.
Because of my father, I love surfing the Internet very much. I play the on-line game for about 2 hours every day. I wish I could be a computer program designer in the future. And that is why I am applying for the electronics program in your school.
Sample5:
From a middle class family, I was born in Hsin Ying, Tainan on October 10th, 1965. My father is a civil official at Tainan City Government. My mother is a house wife good at cooking. Although I am the only child of my parents, I am by no mans a spoiled one. On the contrary, I have been expected to be a successful man with advanced education. I study hard at school. Besides texts knowledge, journalism is my favorite; whenever reading, my heart is filled with great joy and interesting.
“Being good is must; successful, however, is plus.” Father adopts the idea of his father. Especially in military service, I realized it more precisely. People said: Military service makes a boy to man, I agree that.
I realized the importance of English and began to study diligently when I was eighteen. I did not start in my early age, but I hope that I could pass the test of General English Proficiency Test. And this is my best wish at the moment.
Sample6:
After completing my military service, I have been looking for a challenging goal for me to achieve. And I found that the Intermediate of General English Proficiency Test fits my new achievement properly.
I graduated from Taipei Commercial Junior College, majored in business administration. Instead of spending much time in playing, I devoted myself to my studies and paid attention to all meaningful things happened in daily life. By the way, I learned a lot from Mr. Wang, the professor of my business class. He is my good friend till now an often gives some appropriate suggestions toward my problem confusion.
My father is, in the same way, a good consultant to me. As he said: I am in poor education, little for you; to clarify, what he have given is far beyond his words, I do think so. I was born in a country of Ping Tung Country, farming is our career of generations. There are four people in my family, Mother is housewife and my brother is a student of an Agriculture College.
Middle school
1. In 1854, Cheltenham Ladies' College became the first girls' public school.
1854年,切尔滕纳姆女子中学成为第一所女子公学。
2. One in four pupils leaving secondary school can't read or write properly.
中学毕业生中有1/4的人读写有问题。
3. He listened to Howard give the valedictory address at high school graduation.
他听了霍华德在中学毕业典礼上作的告别演讲。
4. He'd dropped out of high school at the age of 16.
他16岁的时候就从中学退学了。
5. Her hatred of authority led to her expulsion from high school.
她对权威的仇恨导致她被中学开除。
6. I had one year in the sixth form to retake my GCSEs.
我读中学六年级的时候有一年的时间可以重新参加普通中等教育证书考试。
7. She taught French at Cheam Comprehensive in South London.
她在伦敦南部的奇姆综合中学教法语。
8. In high school, he did not date very much.
中学的时候,他不常约会。
9. I dropped out of high school. It bored me to death.
我从中学退学了,那种学校生活令我烦得要死。
10. Donald King is the principal of Dartmouth High School.
唐纳德·金是达特茅斯中学的校长。
11. The grandly named European Cricketer Cup is based at Worksop College.
名字叫得响当当的欧洲板球运动员杯实际在沃克索普私立中学举行。
12. Life at high school wasn't a bundle of laughs, either.
中学生活也不是充满欢笑。
13. Use the transferable skills acquired from your previous working background.
先前工作中学到的技能能为现在所用的就多加利用。
14. I think success has no rules, but you can learn a lot from failure.--Jean Kerr
我认为成功没有定律,但你可以从失败中学到很多东西。
15. He left school with four A levels.
他中学毕业时通过了4门高级程度考试。
1. 她在一所中学学习。
She studies in a high school.
2. 老师帮助他上完了中学,但他无法完成大学的学业。
The teacher helped him through high school, but he couldn't cut the buck in college.
3. 他在一所中学工作。
He works in a secondary school.
4. 我在中学就已经学过生理学。
We had studied physiology in middle school.
5. 我在中学就学过代数学。
We've learned algebra in middle school.
6. 这所中学附属于一所师范院校。
This middle school is attached to a teachers' college.
7. 中学又叫高级中学。
Another name for secondary school is high school.
8. 他十六岁时进中学。
He entered high school at the age of sixteen.
9. 她的孩子们在当地的综合中学上学。
Her children go to the local comp.
他在一所中学讲授中国历史。
He lectures on Chinese history in a middle school.
军官将他的队伍驻扎在一所中学里。
The officer quartered his troops in a middle school.
他与来自另一中学的一名学生交朋友。
He buddied up with a student from another high school.
这个小镇上有两所中学。
There are two middle schools in this little town.
这个学院附设一所中学。
There is a middle school attached to the institute.
他对那些在中学里从未听到过他的音乐的孩子们是不流行的,对吗?
He’s not pop to the kids at the middle school who have never heard of him, right?
一些参赛者甚至教他们的机器人如何做他们中学时代做过的运动。
Some participants even taught their robots how to do the exercises they had done in middle school.
当询问中学教师他们希望教室的设计能有什么变化使,他们建议给孩子增加一个盥洗室。
Ask middle-school teachers what they would like to change about classroom design, and theysuggest a bathroom for the kids.
因此他相信用一支铅笔解决问题一直到中学。
So he believes in solving problems with a pencil until high school.
在他触摸我的乳房时,其它的学生们伸着脖子观看着,在中学时代做这样的检查我可是要支付一百美金的。
The other students crane their necks to observe as he palpates my breasts, a privilege I wouldhave paid a hundred dollars for in high school.
那么,作为一名中学生,怎样感恩呢?
Then, as a middle school student, how Thanksgiving?
那么我们从中学到了什么呢?
So what did we learn from this?
看过中学的英语相关知识人还看了:
美国之梦英文读后感
Novel describe and buy to sell through perfect art form wine upstart“American dream” that Gatsby pursue unreal the twenties Kill , has announced thetragedy of the American society。 Gatsby falls in love with Daisy and departureis actually a very ordinary love story。 But the author makes skilful openingmoves, regard girl whom Gatsby loved the symbols of the youth, money and statusdeeply as, Regard U。S。A。 as by means to pursue rich material life“ Dream of”。For pursue Gatsby Daisy e_haust own emotion and ability and intelligence, ruinone's own life。 He thought innocently : Can revive an old dream after havingmoney, redeem the lost love。 It's a pity , he is wrong。 He has misunderstoodthis one of Daisy Vulgar and shallow woman 。 He has misunderstood the boringsociety on the surface dissipated and lu_urious and hollowly on spirit。 Whetherit live he the dreamlike China, is abandoned by Daisy, treats for the societycoldly, Cast the tragedy that can't retrieve at last。
Gatsby is the typical American youth in the twenties。 E_perience of himwhether joyous song smile at portrayal in“ knight's times” of dance。 SweetheartDaisy of one's early years such as Gatsby marry rich and life dissolute Tom。 Forwin Daisy, by buy to sell he wine accumulate first a large sum of wealth againHe thought innocently : Can revive an old dream after having money, redeem thelost love 。But he fails to gain Daisy's heart finally, has e_hausted one's ownemotion and ability and intelligence in order to pursue Daisy, Ruin one's ownlife finally。 The illusion that Gatsby revived an old dream has gone for ever。The author poses a chilly and disappointed sad melody with the multicolourednote, leave somebody limitless thinking。
力与户外英文读后感
I have got a lot of interesting scientific knowledge from the books ofNational Geographic Reading E_peditions, some of which are about life, physics。I really can’t help losing myself in the colorful pictures and clear words inthe books。 After reading the books, I have been considering a question: What ifwe lived without science? Great changes have taken place in the world with thehelp of science。 In the past, life was nasty, brutish and short。 It is hard toimagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modernscience brings about。 Back then, only a small group of people enjoyed the veryfew forts。 But the majority of people didn’t even have sufficient food, letalong their privilege to be educated。 Anyway, it is science that changes theworld and makes people’s life better and better, although it also leads to somebad aspects at the same time。
From the discovery of the gravity to the first step on the moon, we humanbeings have e_perienced a long process of developing science。 And now, thisprocess is still continuing much faster。 New organisms are already beingengineered, and new genetically modified crops promise benefits from higheryields and less use of harmful chemicals and so on。 A lot of e_amples areshowing this point。 In the future, changes are likely to be even much greater asscience reaches out to shape life itself。 Maybe one day, the possibility thatlife e_isted on Mars billions of years ago will be potentially one of thegreatest discoveries of our time。 It is the force of the petition, we humanbeings’ inquiring mind and initiative that bring about the non-stoppeddevelopment of science。 Therefore, it is difficult and impossible to preventscience from changing the world and our life as well。
At present, we are in two minds about science。 On the one hand, we areenjoying the sweet life as a result of the evelopment of science, and e_pect itto continue。 And we are showing our interests into some scientific e_peditions,such as the astronomy, the alien civilization, etc。 On the other hand, we aredistrustful of it, due to the lack of understanding of science。 Some people thusfar are still very superstitious, and they would even believe in superstitionsrather than believe in science。
Stephen Hawking, one of the most remarkable scientists in the world, oncesaid, “In a democratic society, the public needs to have a basic understandingof the science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in thehands of e_perts。” This has reminded me of Professor Alan G。 MacDiarmid fromAmerica, the person who got the Nobel Prize for chemistry in the year of __。 Inhis lecture at Peking University this year, he put forward that science ispeople。 He also e_pounded the importance of the basic science for the public。Evidently, every one of us does need science, or we can’t live without it。
Now that everyone needs science, why not take advantage of some means togive the public the right basic scientific knowledge? So when they face theproblems such as acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, environmentdestruction and some other problems, they can also make informed decisions onthese subjects, just as what Hawking said。 One aspect relies on what is taughtin schools。 But science is often taught in an uninteresting way and moststudents just learn it by rote to pass e_aminations。 However, the final goal oflearning science is not to pass e_aminations or to get a higher score; instead,we should try to make full use of it to change our world and life。 Whilelearning, we should try to ask more questions and we should have the courage ofsuspecting the knowledge in the books, as some of the scientific conclusions arelikely to be corrected in the future。 Who knows。 So not only must we change ourattitude towards science, but also the way of teaching and learning scienc
e。
In addition, science is always changing at a fast rate, and who we learn atschool isn’t that sufficient to last a lifetime。 So the mass media including TV,radio, newspaper, magazine and publishing pany will play an important role inreporting the latest science in time。 Moreover, the mass media can alsopopularize basic science to the public, because only in this way will morepeople realize what on earth science is。
“Scientists and engineers tend to e_press their ideas in the form ofequations because they need to know the precise values of quantities。 But forthe rest of us, a qualitative grasp of scientific concepts is sufficient, andthis can be conveyed by words and diagrams, without the use of equations”, saidStephen Hawking。
I agree with him very much, and, I’m fond of the wonderful words above,from Stephen Hawking。
For the development of science, are you ready?
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