下面是小编给大家带来英语句子主系表结构相关教学（共含17篇），一起来阅读吧，希望对您有所帮助。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“xjx022”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
五种基本句型——主系表结构
主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语）
主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。
从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的 “头把交椅”。 从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的。
主语一般是名词或代词（当然还有其他，这里暂且详细讨论）
系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的.，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词：
一、 be动词类： am、 is 、are 、was 、were
二、 表示变化类：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go
三、 感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel)
四、 表示延续性的动词 ：remain 、stay 、keep
表语从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词。从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。
上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。
练习
找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。
1 Tom is a student.
2 He is fat.
3 I am tired .
4 We are students.
5 The bag was lost .
6 The boy was foolish .
7 They were kind.
8 She is in the room.
9 The books are on the desk.
10 Snow is white.
11 Kate was here yesterday.
12 My father became a teacher in 1978.
13 The weather gets hot in summer.
14 She looks beautiful.
15 The flower smells good.
16 We were very happy.
17 You are right.
18 The soup tastes delicious.
19 The chair is yours.
20 The children are asleep.
21 The story is interesting.
22 He feels better today.
23 The leaf turns green.
24 I stayed awake all the night.
25 The weather still remained cold in April.
26 The little girl is six.
27 My work is to look after the baby.
28 His job is taking care of the patient.
29 The girl is very pretty.
30 He went mad.
31 Please don’t get angry.
32 The weather is getting colder and colder.
33 You look angry.
34 She looks like her mother.
35 You look unhappy, what’s the matter?
36 Those roses smell beautiful.
37 This tastes nice. What’s in it?
38 Do you feel happy?
39 He remained silent.
40 The weather is going to stay fine.
41 M y job is teaching English．
42 She is at home．
43 I feel terrible．
44 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
45 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
46 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。
47 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。
48 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。
49 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。
50 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。
51 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。
52 He stood quite still．他静静地站看。
53 He becomes a teacher .．他当了教师。
54 He looks well.他面色好。
55 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
56 I feel good.我感觉好。
57 The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
58 He became a teacher at last.
59 His face turned red.
60 Is he an English teacher, Chinese teacher or Japanese teacher? 他是一个英语、汉语还是日语老师？
练习答案
找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。
1 Tom is a student. 汤姆是一个学生。
Tom主语，名词 a student表语 名词
2 He is fat. 他很胖。
He主语，代词 fat表语，形容词
3 I am tired .我累了
I 主语，代词 tired表语，形容词
4 We are students.我们是学生。
We 主语，代词 students表语，名词
5 The bag was lost.包丢了。
The bag 主语，名词 lost丢，形容词，表语
6 The boy is foolish.这男孩是愚蠢的。
The boy主语，名词foolish愚蠢的，形容词，表语
7 They were kind.他们很亲切。
They主语，代词 kind.亲切的，和蔼的，形容词，表语
8 She is in the room.她在屋里。
She 主语，代词 in the room.在屋里，介词短语，表语
9 The books are on the desk.书在桌子上。
The books 主语，名词 on the desk.在桌子上，介词短语，表语
10 Snow is white.雪是白色的。
Snow 主语，名词 white白色的，形容词，表语
11 Kate was here yesterday.凯特昨天在这。
Kate主语，名词 here 代词，表语 yesterday时间状语
12 My father became a teacher in 1978.我爸爸在1978年成为一名教师。My father 主语，名词 a teacher名词，表语 in 1978.时间状语
13 The weather gets hot in summer.夏天，天气变热了。
The weather主语，名词 hot 形容词表语in summer时间状语
14 She looks beautiful.她看起来很漂亮。
She 主语，代词 beautiful表语，形容词
15 The flower smells good.花闻起来很香。
The flower 主语，名词 good形容词，表语
16 We were very happy.我们很高兴。
We 主语，代词 very happy表语，形容词
17 You are right.你对了。
You主语，代词 right形容词，表语
18 The soup tastes delicious.汤尝起来美味。
The soup主语，名词delicious美味的，形容词，表语
19 The chair is yours.椅子是你的。
The chair 主语，名词yours表语，物主代词
20 The children are asleep.孩子们睡着了。
The children主语，名词 asleep表语，形容词
21 The story is interesting.这故事挺有趣。
The story 主语，名词 interesting形容词，表语
22 He feels better today.他今天感觉不错。
He 主语，代词 better 形容词，表语today时间状语
23 The leaf turns green. 树叶变绿了。
The leaf 主语，名词green表语，形容词
24 I stayed awake all the night.我整夜没睡。
I 主语，代词 awake 形容词，表语all the night时间状语
25 The weather still remained cold in April.四月份天气在仍很冷。The weather 主
S+V是主谓
S+V+DO 是主谓加双宾
S+V+P是主谓宾
S(主语)+V(谓语)+ I(间接宾语)+D(直接宾语)
S(主语)+V(动词)+O (宾语)+Complement(补语)
下面是讲解
1.Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,等等.如：
The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力.
She apologized to me again.她再次向我道歉.
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的.
2.Subject (主语) + Link.V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：
(1)表示状态的连系动词.这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等.如：
Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上.
We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎.
This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕.
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些.
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词.这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等.如：
Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和.
Don't have the food.It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物,已经变质了.
The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的.
3.Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语.同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语.作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句.如：
You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里.
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜.
She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会.
I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页.
4.Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”.如：
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物.
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事.
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 + 宾语 + for sb.; 2)动词 + 宾语+to sb..如：
Please show me your picture.
-Please show your picture to me.
请把你的画给我看一下.
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don?t lose heart.
—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的.
5.Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的宾语+ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”.担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等.如：
Keep the children quiet,please.请让孩子们安静下来.
He painted the wall white.他把墙漆成白色.
We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人.
His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩.
注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,observe,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to.如：
The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作.
英语句子结构
一、英语语句基本结构分析：
（一）主谓宾结构：
1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般
英语句子结构
英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可 以发现其内在联系， 找出其共同规律。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩 大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下：
英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： 基本句型一： S V 基本句型二： 基本句型二： S V P 基本句型三： 基本句型三： S V O 基本句型四： 基本句型四： S V O O （主＋ 谓） （主＋ 系＋表） （主＋ 谓＋宾） （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： 宾补） 基本句型五： S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型 一 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫 做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S 1. The sun 2. The moon 3. The universe 4. We all 5. Who 6. What he said 7. They 8. The pen 1. 3. 5. 7. 太阳在照耀着。 太阳在照耀着。 宇宙长存。 宇宙长存。 管它呢？ 管它呢？ 他们谈了半个小时。 他们谈了半个小时。 2. 4. 6. 8. 不及物动词） V （不及物动词） was shining. rose. remains. breathe, eat, and drink. cares? does not matter. talked writes for half an hour. smoothly 月亮升起了。 月亮升起了。 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 他所讲的没有什么关系。 他所讲的没有什么关系。 这支笔书写流利。 这支笔书写流利。 1 基本句型 二 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意*思，必须加 上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语， 才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做连系 动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属 另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持 其部分词义。
S 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The trouble 7. Our well 8. His face 1. 3. 5. 7. 这是本英汉辞典。 这是本英汉辞典。 他堕入了情网。 他堕入了情网。 他长得又高又壮。 他长得又高又壮。 我们井干枯了。 我们井干枯了。 is smells fell looks is growing is has gone turned 2. 4. 6. 8. V（是系动词） V（是系动词） 是系动词 P an English-Chinese dictionary. good. in love. different. tall and strong. that they are short of money. dry. red. 午餐的气味很好。 午餐的气味很好。 一切看来都不同了。 一切看来都不同了。 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 他的脸红了。 他的脸红了。 基本句型 三 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达 完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动 词。 S 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. He 7. I 8. He 1. 3. 5. 7. 谁知道答案 谁知道答案？ 他拒绝帮他们的忙。 他拒绝帮他们的忙。 他们吃了剩饭。 他们吃了剩饭。 我想喝杯茶。 我想喝杯茶。 V（及物动词） V（及物动词） 及物动词 knows smiled has refused enjoys ate said want admits 2. 4. 6. 8. 她微笑表示感谢。 她微笑表示感谢。 他喜欢看书。 他喜欢看书。 他说： 早上好 早上好！ 他说：“早上好！” 他承认犯了错误。 他承认犯了错误。 the answer? her thanks. to help them reading. what was left over. “Good morning.” to have a cup of tea. that he was mistaken. O 2 基本句型 四 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两 个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者， 另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个 介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 S 1. She 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He 1. 3. 5. 7. V（及物） V（及物） 及物 ordered cooked brought denies showed gave told showed O（多指人） 多指人） herself her husband you her him my car him me 2. 4. 6. 8. O（多指物） O（多指物） 多指物 a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a wash that the bus was late how to run the machine. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 他给你带来了一本字典。 他给你带来了一本字典。 我给他看我的照片。 我给他看我的照片。 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。 他对她什么都不拒绝。 他对她什么都不拒绝。 我洗了我的汽车。 我洗了我的汽车。 他教我开机器。 他教我开机器。 基本句型 五 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完 整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 S 1. They 2. They 3. This 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I 1. 3. 5. 7. V（及物） V（及物） 及物 appointed painted set found makes saw asked saw O（宾语） O（宾语） 宾语 him the door them the house him him me them C（宾补） C（宾补） 宾补 manager. green. thinking. deserted think so? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 他们任命他当经理。 2. 他们把门漆成绿色。 他们把门漆成绿色。 他们任命他当经理。 这使得他们要细想一想。 4. 他们发现那房子无人居住。 他们发现那房子无人居住。 这使得他们要细想一想。 他怎么会这样想？ 6. 我们送他出去。 我们送他出去。 他怎么会这样想？ 他要我早点回来。 8. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 他要我早点回来。 但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外， 通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以 是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词） ，也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定 式短语和分词短语） 。下面以基本句型五为例： 3 We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师， 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的 重要报告。 重要报告。 不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样， 因此在学习动词时， 应掌握动词的类型。 get 为 以 例： He's getting angry. He got through the window. You'll get a surprise. He got his shoes and socks wet. He got himself into trouble. He got her a splendid present. 在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。 我很容易地找到了这本书。 我很容易地找到了这本书 I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 我觉得这本书很容易。 I have to do something. 我得做点事。 我得做点事。 I have something to do. 我有点事做。 我有点事做。 Time flies. Birds sing beautifully. He went on holiday. We stopped to have a rest. I'll go swimming. We like English. I like music. I like her. I want to help him. I don't know what to do. I enjoy living here. I don't think (that) he is right. We are Chinese. 4 He is a boy. This is mine. She is beautiful. Class is over. He is in good health. He is excited. The film is interesting. I give you help. I sent him a book. I bought May a book. He sent a book to me. He bought a coat for me. I make you clear. We named our baby Tom. He painted the wall white. She always keeps everything in good order. I wish you to stay. I made him work I heard my name called. I feel something moving. 英语句子（按结构分） 英语句子（按结构分）英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 简单句：指只含有一个主谓结构的句子。简单句中有五种常见的'基本结构， 简单句：指只含有一个主谓结构的句子。简单句中有五种常见的基本结构，而且在实际运用的过程中，我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰， 运用的过程中，我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰， 给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变， 给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变， 都只有一个主谓结构。 划线部分都是句子的附加成份 划线部分都是句子的附加成份)： 都只有一个主谓结构。如(划线部分都是句子的附加成份 ： He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词 划线部分在句中作状语， 划线部分在句中作状语 修饰动词worked) He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词 划线部分在句中作定语， 划线部分在句中作定语 修饰名词student) Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. (划线部分在句中作状
1、简单句
简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式：
主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语;I hate grammar.
主语 + 谓语(不及物动词); Grammar sucks.
主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Grammar is hell.
所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语)，有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。
2、并列句
并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可以单独理解，最后将各句合并即可。
3、 主从复合句
主从复合句即是复杂句，它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是，各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的，所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看，而必须将各分句综合起来进行理解。有时候，分句里面有可能还包含分句。
说到从句，我们还要介绍一下英语中的三大从句：名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。三大从句之下又包括纷繁复杂的从句形式：
名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句， 同位语从句
形容词性从句(定语从句)：限制性，非限制性
副词性从句(状语从句)：时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，让步，方式，结果
1.主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，数词，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。
2.谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
3.宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’
4.定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
5.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如：often)或程度(如：almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
Exercises:分析下列句子的句子结构
31. The shop assistant found some certain materials for me.
32. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.
33. Please pass a newly- published to me.
34. He lived in Guang Zhou.
35. The father is showing the boy how to plant trees.
36. His uncle left him some money.
37. She has taught us English for 3 years.
38. I like popular music.
39. She knows what to do next.
40. I hate arriving late.
41. The meeting starts at three.
42. My heart is beating loudly.
43. Tom’s birthday is two weeks away.
44. He told me the news by telephone.
45. There are many people in the room.
46. He isn’t as tall as his brother.
47. I have a new sweater.
48. It is important to learn a foreign language now.
49. Trees turn green in spring.
50. He wants to be a doctor.
51. He refused to help me.
52. My teacher advises me to read English every day.
53. He became ill again.
54. He gives me a pen.
55. He speaks English better than me.
56. The earth is bigger than the moon.
57. There are some babies in the garden.
58. We have had supper.
59. The policemen are looking for the missed paper.
60. They elected him chairman.
英语句子结构练习题二答案
31. The shop assistant found some certain materials for me.
那个店员为我找到一些材料。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
32. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.
他许诺说要给我一本新英汉字典。主谓双宾
33. Please pass a newly- published to me.
请递给我一本新出版的。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
34. He lived in Guang Zhou.
他住在广州。主谓宾
35. The father is showing the boy how to plant trees.
那位父亲正在给那个男孩演示怎么种树。主谓双宾
36. His uncle left him some money.
他的叔叔留给了他一些钱。主谓双宾
37. She has taught us English for 3 years.
她已经教我们英语三年了。主谓双宾
38. I like popular music.
我喜欢流行音乐。主谓宾
39. She knows what to do next.
她知道下一步怎么做。主谓双宾
40. I hate arriving late.
我讨厌来晚。主谓双宾
41. The meeting starts at three.
会议在三点开始。主谓
42. My heart is beating loudly.
我的心跳的很厉害。主谓
43. Tom’s birthday is two weeks away.
汤姆的生日是在两星期之后。主系表
44. He told me the news by telephone.
他是通过电话告诉我那个消息的。主谓双宾
45. There are many people in the room.
房间里有很多人。There be句型
46. He isn’t as tall as his brother.
他和他的哥哥不一样高。主系表
47. I have a new sweater.
我有一件新运动衣。主谓宾
48. It is important to learn a foreign language now.
现在去学一们外语是非常重要的。主系表
49. Trees turn green in spring.
树木在春天变成绿色。主系表
50. He wants to be a doctor.
他要成为一个医生。主谓宾
51. He refused to help me.
他拒绝帮助我。主谓宾
52. My teacher advises me to read English every day.
我的老师建议我每天读英语。主谓宾补
53. He became ill again.
他又病了。主系表
54. He gives me a pen.
他给我一只笔。主谓双宾
55. He speaks English better than me.
他说英语比我好。主谓宾
56. The earth is bigger than the moon.
地球比月亮大。主系表
57. There are some babies in the garden.
在花园里面有一些婴儿。There be句型
58. We have had supper.
我们吃过午饭了。主谓宾
59. The policemen are looking for the missed paper.
警察正在寻找失踪的文件。主谓宾
60. They elected him chairman.
他们推选他当主席。主谓宾补
Exercises:分析下列句子的句子结构
61.The girl is about ten years old．
62 .was doing my homework at nine yesterday evening．
63.My mother told me an interesting story．
64.The summer holidays will begin next week．
65.There was a strong wind．
66.One of the windows is broken．
67.I heard him singing in the room．
68. The students got on the school bus.
69. He handed me the newspaper.
70. I shall answer your question after class.
71. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
72. They went hunting together early in the morning.
73. His job is to train swimmers.
74. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
75. There is going to be an American film tonight.
76. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
77. His wish is to become a scientist.
78. He managed to finish the work in time.
79. Tom came to ask me for advice.
80. He found it important to master English.
81. Do you have anything else to say?
82. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
83. Would you please tell me your address?
84. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
85. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
86. He noticed a man enter the room.
87. The apples tasted sweet.
88. The sun was shining.
89. The moon rose.
90. The universe remains
英语句子结构练习题三答案
61.The girl is about ten years old．
那个女孩大约十岁了。主系表
62. I was doing my homework at nine yesterday evening．
昨天晚上9点钟我正在做我的家庭作业。主谓宾
63.My mother told me an interesting story．
我妈妈给我讲了一个有趣的故事。主谓双宾
64.The summer holidays will begin next week．
暑假将会在下周开始。主谓
65.There was a strong wind．
风真大呀！There be句型
66.One of the windows is broken．
有一扇窗户打破了。主谓
67.I heard him singing in the room．
我听到他在房间正在唱歌。主谓宾补
68. The students got on the school bus.学生们登上校车。主谓宾
69. He handed me the newspaper.他递给我那张报纸。主谓双宾
70. I shall answer your question after class.下课后我将回答你的问题。主谓宾
71. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。主谓宾补
72. They went hunting together early in the morning.早上很早他们就一起去打猎。主谓
73. His job is to train swimmers.他的工作是训练游泳者。主系表
74. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.他们在北京拍了许多宫殿的照片。主谓宾
75. There is going to be an American film tonight.今天晚上将有一场美国电影。There be句型
76. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.他明天要去上海。主系表
77. His wish is to become a scientist.他的愿望是成为一名科学家。主系表
78. He managed to finish the work in time.他下定决心要及时完成那项工作。主谓宾
79. Tom came to ask me for advice.汤姆来找我寻求建议。主谓，to ask me for advice做目的状语
80. He found it important to master English.他发现掌握英语非常重要。主谓宾补
81. Do you have anything else to say?你还有别的要说的吗？主谓宾，to say做anything else定语
82. To be honest， your pronunciation is not so good.老实说，你的发音不太好。主系表
83. Would you please tell me your address?你能告诉我你的地址吗？主谓双宾
84. He sat there, reading a newspaper.他坐在那儿读着报纸。主谓，reading a newspaper做伴随状语，there做地点状语
85. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.保持我们教室的干净和整洁是我们的职责。主系表
86. He noticed a man enter the room.他注意到一个人进了房间。主谓宾补
87. The apples tasted sweet.那些苹果尝起来很甜。主系表
88. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。主谓
89. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。主谓
90. The universe remains. 宇宙长存。主谓
Exercises:分析下列句子的句子结构
91. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
92. The dinner smells good.
93. He fell in love.
94. Who knows the answer?
95. She smiled her thanks.
96. He has refused to help them.
97. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
98. He brought you a dictionary.
99. They appointed him manager.
100. They painted the door green.
101. This set them thinking.
102. We all breathe, eat, and drink.
103. Who cares?
104. What he said does not matter.
105. Everything looks different.
106. He is growing tall and strong.
107. They are short of money.
108. He enjoys reading.
109. He said “Good morning.”
110. I showed him my pictures.
111. I gave my car a wash.
112. They found the house deserted.
113. What makes him think so?
114. We saw him out.
115. They talked for half an hour.
116. The pen writes smoothly
117. Our well has gone dry.
118. His face turned │red.
119. I want to have a cup of tea.
120. He was mistaken.
121. He showed me how to run the machine.
122. He asked me to come back soon.
123. I saw them getting on the bus.
91. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。主系表
92. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。主系表
93. He fell in love. 他堕入了情网。主系表
94. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？主谓宾
95. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。主谓宾。Smile在这里做及物动词，表示：以微笑表示……
96. He has refused to help them. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。主谓宾
97. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。主谓双宾
98. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。主谓双宾
99. They appointed him manager. 他们任命他当经理。主谓宾补
100. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色。主谓宾补
101. This set them thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。主谓宾补
102. I saw them getting on the bus.我看到他们登上汽车。主谓宾补
103. Who cares? 管它呢？主谓
104. It doesn’t matter. 没关系。主谓
105. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。主系表
106. He grows tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。主系表。
107. They are short of money. 他们缺少钱。主谓宾，be short of做谓语
108. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。主谓宾
109. He said “Good morning.” 他说：“早上好！”主谓宾
110. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片。主谓双宾
111. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。主谓双宾
112. They found the house deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。主谓宾补
113. What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？主谓宾补
114. We saw him out. 我们送他出去。主谓宾补
115. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。主谓
116. The pen writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。主谓
117. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。主系表
118. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。主系表
119. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。主谓宾
120. He was mistaken. 他犯了错误。主系表
121. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。主谓双宾
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
㈠主语(subject)
句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词)
She went out in a hurry.(代词)
Four plus four is eight.(数词)
To see is to believe.(不定式)
Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)
The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)
What he has said is true. (句子)
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. (名词)
She didn't say anything. (代词)
How many do you want? - I want two. (数词)
They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词)
They asked to see my passport. (不定式)
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
Did you write down what he said? (句子)
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
(四)连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。
(五)定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.(形容词)
His father works in a steel work.(名词)
There are 54 students in our class.(数词)
Do you known betty’s sister?(名词所有格)
He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词)
There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词)
His spoken language is good.(过去分词)
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
(六)状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
(七)宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning?
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(八)同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old.(名词)
He himself will do the experiment.(代词)
He is the oldest among them four.(数词)
He told me the news that our team won the game.(从句)
句子种类详细介绍
祈使句结构
祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。
1) 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否定结构：
Don't move.
Don't be late.
2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句
a. Let's 包括说话者
Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b. Let us 不包括说话者
Let us have another try，will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否定结构：
Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.
感叹句结构
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种，掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
| How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序 | How clever a boy he is! |
| How+形容词或副词+陈述语序 | How lovely the baby is! |
| What +名词+陈述语序 | What noise they are making! |
| What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序 | What a clever boy he is! |
| What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序 | What wonderful ideas (we have)! |
| What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序 | What cold weather it is! |
| 感叹句的省略形式 | What a clever boy (he is)! |
典型例题
1)___ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)
2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
3) _____ I had!--You really suffered a lot.
A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time
答案A. 感叹句分两类：
1：What + n.+主谓部分
2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。
强调句结构
常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
典型例题
1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who”，其余用that。
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is<---> has been was <---> had been.
用助动词进行强调
强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。
She does like this horse.
她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of yourself.
千万保重。
反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陈述部分是“there be”结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20) must在表“推测”时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
| 快速记忆表 | |
| 陈述部分的谓语 | 疑问部分 |
| I | aren't I |
| Wish | may +主语 |
no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词 | 肯定含义 |
| ought to（肯定的） | shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语 |
| have to+v.(had to+v.) | don't +主语(didn't +主语) |
| used to | didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语 |
| had better + v. | hadn't you |
| would rather + v. | wouldn't +主语 |
| you'd like to + v. | wouldn't +主语 |
| must | 根据实际情况而定 |
| 感叹句中 | be +主语 |
| Neither…nor,either…or 连接的根并列主语 | 据其实际逻辑意义而定 |
| 指示代词或不定代词everything ,that,nothing,this | 主语用it |
| 并列复合句 | 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 |
| 定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句 | 根据主句的谓语而定 |
| think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导 | 与宾语从句相对应的从句 |
| everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one | 复数they, 单数he |
| 情态动词dare或need | do +主语 |
| 省去主语的祈使句 | will you？ |
| Let's 开头的祈使句 | Shall we? |
| Let us 开头的祈使句 | Will you? |
| there be | 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词） |
| 否定前缀不能视为否定词 | 仍用否定形式 |
| must表“推测” | 根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句 |
补充阅读
按用途分
种 类 | 类 型 | 例 句 |
陈述句 | 肯定句 | We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。 |
否定句 | They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。 | |
疑问句 | 一般疑问句 | Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？ Haven’t you seen the film? 你没看过这部电影吗？ |
特殊疑问句 | Who is the man? 这人是谁？ When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？ What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？ | |
选择疑问句 | Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。 | |
反意疑问句 | They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？ | |
祈使句 | 肯定句 | Be sure to get there at eight. 务必八点钟到那儿。 |
否定句 | Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。 | |
感叹句 | what + 名词 | What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊! What a fine day it is! 多好的天气呀! |
how + 形容词或副词 | How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀! How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！ | |
how +句子 | How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀! | |
How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+n | How nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 多好的孩子啊! |
按结构分
种类 | 类型 | 例句 |
简单句 | 主+谓 | They disappeared. 他们消失了。 |
主+谓+宾 | He likes swimming.他喜欢游泳。 We help each other. 我们互相帮助。 | |
主+谓+间宾+直接宾 | I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。 They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。 | |
主+谓+宾+宾补 | They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。 I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。 | |
主+系+表 | She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。 He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。 | |
并列句 | 并列关系and, not only…but also, neither …nor, both…and, not…but, | Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。 Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。 Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。 |
转折关系but,while（而，尽管） nevertheless(然而；不过) | John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。 | |
选择关系or, otherwise or else, either…or | We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. 我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。 Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。 | |
因果关系for, so, thus, therefore, and so | We had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。 He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination. 他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。 | |
复合句 | 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。 | 从句有：名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句） 状语从句 定语从句 |
一.相关概念
1. 词性的英文缩写
在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性
n. noun 名词v.verb动词vt. transitive verb及物动词vi. intransitive verb不及物动词modal v.modal verb 情态动词aux. v.auxiliary verb助动词adj. adjective形容词adv. adverb 副词num.numeral数词interj.interjection感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition介词art.article冠词conjconjunction连词
口诀：n.为名，v.为动;adv.副adj.形;prep.借，pron.代;num.数art.冠，conj.连interj.感叹
2. 及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。)
注意：
3. 实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
实义动词
指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。
英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
助动词
助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。常见的助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。
情态动词
情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。
二.句子成分
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
1. 主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
2. 谓语
谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
3. 表语
表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
4. 宾语
宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
5. 宾语补足语
宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
6. 主补
对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。
7. 定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
8. 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。
9. 同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明，近乎于后置定语。
If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.
[参考译文] 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。
The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.
[参考译文] 得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一 一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。
As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
[参考译文] 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可*和值得信赖的信息的信心。
The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
[参考译文] 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招。
Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
[参考译文] 通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。
The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.
[参考译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。
= While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
[参考译文] 在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经 验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。
The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.
[参考译文] 英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
[参考译文] 这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。
The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
[参考译文] 这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求， 并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。
主述位结构与大学英语写作
语篇的衔接与连贯向读者提供了篇章组织的.脉络,因此是写作教学中的重点.然而现实的问题是大学生英语写作结构紊乱,句与句,段与段,句与段之间缺乏衔接与连贯.文章针对大学生英语写作中存在的问题,提出把主述位理论及主位推进模式运用于英语写作教学中,以增强大学生的英语写作能力.
作 者：梁汉平陈建红 Liang Hanping Chen Jianhong 作者单位：贺州学院,外语系,广西,贺州,542800 刊 名：贺州学院学报 英文刊名：JOURNAL OF HEZHOU UNIVERSITY 年，卷(期)： 24(1) 分类号：H315 关键词：主位 述位 推进 写作在完成了对于词汇的所指意义(denotative meaning)的辨识以后，我们就可以进入篇章阅读的第一个层次──句子的阅读了。句子是语篇的基本组成单位，是进入作者话语的第一步，也就是说，只有在接触了句子之后，你才真正接触到了作者。在不构成句子的情况下，所有的单词都是语言的一个个零散的部件。只有形成了句子才有了真正的意义。所以说，对于句子的阅读理解是至关重要的。我们在具体的阅读实践中经常碰到这样的情况，那就是在一个句子中没有任何生疏的单词，但是就是捉摸不出它的意思来。笔者认为这主要有三方面的原因，第一是读者对于背景知识缺乏了解；第二是句子结构比较复杂，从句过多；第三是有一些特殊的句型读者没有掌握。背景知识的介绍不属本书的探讨范围，所以也就搁置一边。我们主要就后两个因素进行必要的有关探讨。
英语句子分为简单句(simple sentence)和多重句(multiple sentence)。所谓的简单句就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。多重句包含两种基本情况，一种是两个或者两个以上的简单分句形成并列关系，这样的句子叫做并列句(compound sentence)；另一种是两个或两个以上的简单分句构成主从关系，这样的句子叫做复杂句(complex sentence)。下面我们分别对这三种情况加以分析。
1、简单句
不管是我们阅读还是写作，构造和理解简单句都是最基本的技能。在这个技能中，记住一点是十分重要的。也就是说：在英语简单句中，只能有而且（一般情况下）必须有一个谓语部分。笔者之所以强调这一点，是因为笔者在长期的教学实践中，深深感到中国学生虽然对它有一个正确的认识，但是由于汉语影响的缘故，往往在写作中犯一个句子中出现两个甚至两个以上谓语的错误。比如有的学生会轻易而不自觉地出现这样的错误：（举例）。体现在阅读中，就是当面对一个多修饰语的简单句时，不能有意识地运用寻找句子谓语部分这一重要的理解句子的突破口。
英语的简单句只有五种基本句型，所有的英语句子都不能离开这五种基本句型，所以我们把它们谙熟于心是非常重要而且大有裨益的。这五种句型是：SV , SVC , SVO , SVOC , SVOiOd。其中S = Subject，也就是主语；V = Verbal phrase，也就是谓语部分；C = Complement ，表示跟在系动词之后的补语；O = Object，也就是句子的宾语，在最后一种句型中包括间接宾语和直接宾语。这五种句型的形成依靠的是谓语部分的动词的用法，动词的用法又是和它的意义不可分的。比如hit这个词，它的意思是摯驍，那么摯驍这个动作必须有一个执行者，就是主语。同时它还少不了一个受事者，也就是宾语，不然就产生不了完整的意义。而smile就不同了，它可以只有一个主语，而没有宾语。从这些简单的例子中我们可以看出谓语部分在句子中的极端重要性。我们在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语在什么地方。在阅读实践中，由于英语的很多单词都可以有不止一种词性，所以往往给辨认谓语动词带来一定的困难。下面请先作练习一，辨认句子中的谓语。
2、并列句（compound sentence）
英语的并列句一般情况下引不起巨大的阅读障碍，因为在分句之间往往有固定的连接词说明前后分句的关系。这样的连接词有以and为代表的表示意义延伸的并列连词、以or为代表的表示选择概念的并列连词、以but为代表的表示转折的并列连词和表示原因的for四个类型。第一种包括and, not only … but (also )…, neither ( nor) 。第二种包括or , either … or …；第三种包括but , while , whereas等。第四种只有一个for。对此我们分别举一个例句说明问题：
(1)As is reported, a trade agreement was signed and a cultural exchange was arranged.
(2)Not only is he himself interested in the subject but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
(3)Dr. Fisher neither loves the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather.
(4)The children can go with us , or they can stay at home.
(5)You can either go it by yourself, or you can ask someone else to do it.
(6)The young man has often been praised , but he is never conceited.
(7)While our country has plenty of oil , theirs has none.
(8)They want to live in town , whereas we would rather live in the country.
(9)They apparently have a good drainage system , for the streets never seem to flood after a downpour.
有必要说明的是以上的关联词并非只能有一个含义，比如and就可以表示意义增补、动作先后、转折或让步、条件和结果等等一些用法。这里笔者只是提醒大家辨别从句，所以这方面的语言知识请参考相关的语法书。
另外我们还应该把并列分句和并列结构(coordinate construction)区分开来。并列结构是由并列连词或者其他并列手段例如标点符号连接起来的语法结构序列，它包括并列分句，也包括并列的词或者词组。
3、 从属句
构成从属关系的复杂句包括名词性分句(Nominal Clauses)（可以作主语、宾语、同位语、主语补语）、关系分句（Relative Clauses）、状语分句（Adverbial Clauses）。对于它们的连接词，在相应的语法书上都不难找到，这里就不再多讲了。需要提醒读者的是，在判定句子的类型之后，最主要的工作就是分析简单句的成分，找到主句的谓语，真正抓住句子的纲领。下面请作练习二，首先辨认多重分句的类型，然后找出主句和从属分句的谓语。
Laboratory scientists accustomed to noticing subtle changes in the properties of substances they are investigating are doubtless better than you or I at certain sorts of observations.
这里的主语是Laboratory scientists，但是后面跟了一个过去分词定语，其中分词中的介词又跟了一个-ing形式，-ing形式后又接了一个宾语和一个带有定语的状语。本句的谓语是are doubtless better than。
4.英语的信息末端原则的应用
在英语中，信息含量大的部分往往出现在句子的末尾。这个特点一方面造就了一些非正常语序的句子，另一方面可以给我们提供线索，帮助我们正确理解英语中的长句。我们知道，一个信息发出者要表达丰富的信息，离开从句是寸步难行的。可是不管句子结构多么复杂，基本的句型还是只有五种。下面我们可以通过逐一的分析，探讨英语难句形成的规律。对于SV结构，由于英语句子一般是末尾的信息含量大，所以这种句子往往难以构成阅读困难，至多是主语位置有定语从句或者同位语从句。例如：（例子）。SVO结构的难点在于主语和宾语都可以连接定语从句；SVC结构也难以构成较复杂的句子；SVOC结构如果出现长句，那么往往是补语被调整到宾语的前面；SVOO结构也要注意哪个是直接宾语，哪个是间接宾语。
SVOC：People often let their fear of speaking up and appearing more dull-witted than their peers interfere with their understanding.
Derived from theoretical considerations and confirmed by observations, the velocity-distance law has made secure the concept of an expanding universe.
英语句子的结构分析
英语的句子，与汉语句子类似，按照语法结构也可分为三类，即简单句，并列句和复合句。那么有关这三种句型的`详细信息，请看下面的讲解。
一、简单句
简单句只包含一个主谓结构，并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成，不包含任何从句。简单句有五种基本句型。
1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)
The ne
我们不明白你刚才说的话。
Tell e
我想知道她现在在哪儿?
I dn't n
据我所知，她是一个非常贤惠的女人。
(5)方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有：as，as if，as thugh，in the 5
★ 英语句子结构
★ 句子结构
★ 佛系句子
