下面是小编给大家带来的自考英语写作基础试题及答案（共含12篇），以供大家参考，我们一起来看看吧!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“糖醋排骨不干了”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
自考英语写作基础试题及答案
I.修改病句(15 points，3 points each)
Correct the errors in the following sentences.
Example: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that brand again.
After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television，I resolved never to buy that brand again.
11. Mr. Baker used to teach arts in Memorial High School I used to be a student there.
12. My parents bought a house from a man with no inside plumbing.
13. The World Wide Web is easy to use. Loaded with links and graphics.
14. To please the children，some fireworks were set off a day earlier.
15. The tribe emphasized collective survival，mutual aid and being responsible for one another.
II.重写句子(15 points，1.5 points each)
Revise each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.
Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways. (periodic sentence)
In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.
1. Learning a new language demands time. It needs patience too. (simple sentence)
2. Bacon stepped to the front of the room. He tripped over the microphone cord. (compound sentence)
3. Harrison’s Chemical Corporation is a company. It sponsors important research. (complex sentence)
4. We looked at only two houses before buying the house of our dreams. (periodic sentence)
5. Pigeons adjust to farm life. They adjust to city streets. In city streets they peck their livelihoods from garage heaps. (compound-complex sentence)
6. She was greatly disappointed to find that the picture did not look like her. (sentence with to opener)
7. He cut the grass. She trimmed the bushes. The children swept the clippings and put them into plastic bags. (long sentence)
8. She stood there. She watched the fair woman walk down the long line of galleries with grace and majesty. (sentence with a modifying phrase)
9. Tom went to college. His brother James didn’t. James had a very weak heart. (compound-complex sentence )
10. After losing his glasses，Tom drove down the wrong side of the street. He ran a stop sign，and went through two red lights. (sentence with parallel structure)
III.辨认主题句(15 points，5 points each)
16. Choose the best topic sentence from the four options below. Write the corresponding letter of your choice in the blank provided.
[A] Each of us inherits a culture made up，in part，of commonly accepted knowledge.
[B] We may also learn that eating too much candy will decay our teeth.
[C] We may learn from others that the earth revolves around the sun.
[D] These are the things that everybody knows.
Your choice: ________
17. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
Paraphrasing，as well as quotation，is an essential skill in writing research papers. Paraphrasing is used for different purposes. Some paraphrases will be designated to support already existing evidence. Others will reinforce argumentation against evidence. Still others will help to develop existing arguments and provide back-up for any conclusion drawn in the course of writing. Depending on the function，paraphrases will be introduced in accordance with their unique context.
18. Read the following paragraph and choose the best topic sentence from the four options that follow. Write the corresponding letter of your choice in the blank provided.
Most adults sleep between seven and nine hours，but occasionally people turn up who need twelve hours or so，while some rare types can get by on three or four. Rarest of all are those legendary types who require almost no sleep at all; respected researchers have recently studied three such people. One of them-a healthy，happy woman in her seventies-sleeps about an hour every two or three days. The other two are men in early middle age，who get by on a few minutes a night. One of them complains about the daily fifteen minutes or so he’s forced to “waste” in sleeping.
[A] Sleep is a waste of time.
[B] Adequate sleeping hours are essential for most adults.
[C] Adults and teenagers vary widely in their sleeping habits.
[D] A fact about sleep is that individual needs for it vary widely.
Your choice:__________
IV.重新组合段落(5 points，1 point each)
19. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Put the corresponding letters in a proper sequence in the boxes provided below. The positions of some sentences have been given.
[A] We generally recognize that future circumstances are somehow caused or conditioned by present ones.
[B] Besides，we also learn that such patterns of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature.
[C] Thus, students learn that studying hard produces good grades in most instances，but not every time.
[D] Humans seem predisposed to undertake this task by using causal and probabilistic reasoning.
[E] Practically all people，and many other animals as well，exhibit a desire to predict their future circumstances.
[F] We learn that getting an education will affect how much money we earn later in life and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy encounter with a shark.
[G] That is，the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are absent-but not always.
[H] Sharks，on the other hand-whether or not they reason the matter through-may learn that hanging around the reef often brings a happy encounter with unhappy swimmers.
BAD
V.划掉与段落内容无关的句子(10 points，5 points each)
20. Read the following paragraph and cross out the TWO irrelevant sentences.
November and December are wonderful months for gardening in St. Petersburg, Florida. While residents of northern states are more concerned with preparations for winter，gardeners on the Sun coast of Florida can enjoy natural circumstances that enhance their efforts. Football enthusiasts in November and December can enjoy the sport throughout the country. Temperatures in Florida are warm enough to grow abundant amounts of flowers and vegetables. Flowers can be seen everywhere in the US. Plants and gardeners are relatively free from the annoying bug populations that present problems during the summer. If you enjoy gardening，you’ll find November and December good months in St. Petersburg，Florida.
Ⅵ.写信(40 points)
21. Write a letter to apply for a position of secretary in a foreign trade company advertised in a newspaper on July 15，. Write to tell Mr. Heba，the manager of the company，your interest in the position，your qualifications，and your work experience. Don’t forget to mention your resume and two reference letters enclosed，your phone number (555-5555)，and your email address (liping@126.com) for further contact. Please sign your name as Li Ping. (150-200 words)
英语写作基础自考试题
Ⅰ.重写句子(30 points, 3 points each)
Revise the following sentences according to the requirement.
Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways.
( periodic sentence)
In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.
1. The bridge had been weakened by successive storms, It was no longer safe. (simple
sentence)
2. In the contract, there are too many ifs. (loose sentence)
3. It will save money, if you make your own clothes. (periodic sentence)
4. To know how to study is important for college students. And to learn how to arrange time is also important for college students. (parallel structure)
5. It was a huge rock. It took five people to move it. (complex sentence)
6. He doesn’t smoke. He does not drink. (compound sentence)
7. We wanted to play a joke on Pauline. We sent her a Valentine’s card. It said “From your secret lover”. (compound-complex sentence)
8. Go anywhere, and I will follow you. (complex sentence)
9. After her parents died, she was sent to live with her aunt. (simple sentence)
10. If we do not hurry, we will be late. (compound sentence)
Ⅱ. 改写病句（15 points, 3 points each）
Correct the errors in the following sentences.
Example: Made by his mother Tony ate up the cake.
Tony ate up the cake made by his mother.
11. I never saw so many cheerful, courteous students and helpful.
12. I am very tired this evening, it was a long day at the office.
13. I have followed the instruction faithfully given by the manual.
14. To take this course, the professor must give her approval.
15. A very powerful story that really puts its message across.
Ⅲ. 标出主题句（15 points, 5 points each）
16. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below.
A. Picasso was thought to be dead at birth in Malaga on. Oct. 25, 1881.
B. By the age of 25, Picasso was an able and gifted artist.
C. Picasso’s father was a painter named Jose Ruiz Blasco.
D. The full sweep of Picasso’s effect on modern art is difficult to document.
Answer: ___________
17. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
There is a popular belief that some particular scientific discoveries or theories, such as the Darwinian theory of evolution, have led to the downfall of religion. It would be foolish to deny that these discoveries have had a great effect in undermining religious dogma. But this account does not at all go to the root of the matter. Religion can probably outlive any scientific discoveries which could be made. It can accommodate itself to them. The root cause of the decay of faith has not been any particular discovery of science, but rather the general spirit of science and certain basic assumptions upon which modern science, from the 17th century onwards, has proceeded.
18. Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph.
Topic sentence ___________
At one time, transistor radios were not practical, because they were too expensive, Now all of that has changed. With the reduced price of transistors and the cheaper costs of mass production, the transistor radio is cheaper than the old-style tube model. In addition, transistor radios do not heat up like the old tube radios, so they will not wear out as quickly. Also, transistor radios can be made much smaller because transistors are smaller than tubes. Furthermore, transistor radios are more reliable. They have fewer parts, so less can go wrong.
A. Transistor radios are practical and inexpensive.
B. Transistor radios have undergone much improvement.
C. Transistor radios are cheaper than tube radios because of mass production.
D. Transistor radios are better than the old-style tube radios.
Ⅳ. 重新组合段落(10 points, 2 points each)
Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically, put the number in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.
19. Those who did not become miners found work in railroad construction, farming and light industries, doing low-paid jobs.
20.As in California they formed small pockets of Chinese culture that were known as “Chinatowns”.
21. The government issued Exclusion Acts to stop the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States.
22. The Chinese called the new land “Mountain of Gold”.
23. Many workers fled the concentrated Chinese communities in the West and scattered to the Mid-west and the East.
24. He was accused of taking jobs away from the white man.
25. By the 1880’s, American industrialization brought changing economic realities, resulting in an explosion of resentment toward the Chinese laborer.
26. The first big wave of Chinese immigration to America came when gold was discovered in California in 1848.
26 24 23
Ⅴ. 标出与段落内容无关的句子（10 points）
Read the following paragraph and underline irrelevant sentences (either one or two).
A diamond’s hardness makes it useful in ways you may not know about. If you have a record player in your house, it probably has a diamond-tipped needle. Your dentist uses a diamond tipped drill. Similar drills are used in industry to cut very hard materials. However, not all drills are made of diamonds. When a diamond is cut, the dust is gathered and saved. Manufacturers then use it in many grinding, polishing and sawing jobs. Recently, diamonds have been put to new uses. Eye surgeons use diamond knives for delicate operations. A spacecraft sent to Venus had a diamond window. A diamond was the only transparent material that could withstand the extremes of temperature and pressure on Venus. Scientists have developed ways to make man-made diamonds, which, if successful, might greatly reduce the cost of diamonds.
Ⅵ. 写信（20 points）
Suppose you were Claudia Spangle, a rug saleswoman selling rugs on the floor in the First Department Store in Shanghai for five years already. You want to have a change, so when told a rug salesperson to cover Beijing territory is required, you write a letter of job application. In your letter, make sure to provide some necessary information like your qualifications, working experience, the achievement(s) you have made in the work and your wish as well.( 150-200 words)
自考英语写作基础总结
自考的英语专业是一门很考基础的专业。但是想要顺利通过还需要做一些努力，下面请看自考英语写作基础总结！
自考英语写作基础总结
1.学习英语或任何外语的最基本的方法是什么或怎样才能高效率的学习英语？
答：是熟练或熟习，自考英语诀窍大总结。想想我们的母语，你就会明白，我们从小并未特意学习却能进行自由的交流靠的就是不断的听别人说和模仿而自然获得的一种技能。这种技能已经深深扎根于我们的大脑之中，成为我们的天性。因此，对于母语，我们不需太多的学习，不需刻意去听就能听的懂，不用分析就能明白那些高难的句子，就是因为母语已经成为我们的一种习惯，可以即听即懂，可以随意发挥，随心所欲。对于学习外语也同样是这样，需要把陌生的单词片语和句型不断的熟悉和熟练，使之成为我们的一种习惯，把她变成我们的第二天性。这样你就可以比较自由的驾驭一门外语了。因此，重复重复再重复，熟练熟练再熟练，是掌握一门外语的不二法门。
2.怎样或用什么方法才能最大程度的熟练或熟习英语？
答：这个问题可能因人而异。因为有人对听敏感一些，而有些人则对阅读更感兴趣。就我的经验来看，多听可能是比较现实的一种方法。因为说和写是一种对语言的再创造，是一种输出。他们需要有大量的输入，即听和读来做为基础。而听可以增加我们对语音的熟悉程度，增强语感，减少记忆的难度。我们在学习母语时往往已知道一个词的发音和词义，而不知如何拼写。学外语则不同，这三方面我们往往都不知道，需要逐一记忆。这也是我们学习外语比学习母语困难的一大原因。所以从听入手可以减少语音方面的记忆困难，集中精力对付词义和拼写。另一方面随身听，MP3等也为随时听外语提供了方便条件。平常可以进行泛听，有时间就要把泛听中没听懂的逐一找出，进行必要的记忆。对于那些看文本认识，却未听出的地方，就是你听力方面的薄弱环节，要定期总结归纳吸取教训。看是由于自己发音不准，还是片语句型不熟造成的。针对弱点要集中予以克服。
3.背诵对于学习英语必要吗？
答：很有必要。因为背诵是一种对语言最大的熟练方式，只不过由于背诵往往是一种短期的，记忆时间稍长就会忘记。虽然背过的内容我们可能忘记，但对英语的句型和习惯用法则不会彻底忘记。通过背诵，会潜移默化的影响我们对语言习惯的认同。只要时常对背过的文章听一听读一读，把短期记忆转化成长期，记忆效果会更佳。
4.如何背诵课文呢?
答：一般宜分二步来进行。
首先，应对要背诵的材料进行精听，可以一边听一边跟着念，直到不看书也能顺利的跟读下来为止。这样可以最大限度的减少背诵的难度。具体背时又分三种方法：
一、关键词提示背诵法：即把课文中的关键词写下来做为提示进行背诵以减少背诵的难度。
二、翻译背诵法：即先把课文翻译成汉语，再根据汉语倒议回英语。这种方法对于理解英汉差异，自觉避免中国式英语以及英汉互译能力都会有很大的帮助。
三、关键句背诵法：即将所学课文中的好的、漂亮的、难以掌握的句子予以摘录进行背诵。这种方法可以最大的节省时间，高效的进行学习，是时间紧张者学习英语的好方法。
5.如何才能高效省时的复习已学过的知识？
答：可以用听读法或者听录法来复习。
6.有必要一次研究一个单词的20或更多个词义吗?
答：我曾经走过这样的弯路，就是集中一段时间对几个单词的不同词义进行研究。结果过一段时间后，他们就又统统忘掉了。这样形成一种恶性循环，就是成批地记，结果却成批的忘，因此坚决的反对这种劳民伤财的做法。为克服以上缺点就需要我们扩大阅读量，在不断的阅读当中，词汇的不同用法和不同词义都会碰到。这样更容易记住他们，并且会不断的巩固已学的用法和词义。
7.有必要专门花时间学习俚俗语吗?
答：没有必要。记得以前有人在论坛中贴了一篇关于北京俚语的帖子。结果我发现这些对我耳熟能详的话，却没有几个人能够真正的理解。看这就是理俗语的局限性它只适合一时一地，离开了这个环境就会失去它本应具有的思想沟通的功能。英语也一样，因为英语被如此广泛的使用，在不同的地方就会产生不同的俗语，就是在美国不同州之间，也存在不同的俚俗语。这些俚俗语的局限性就像北京俚语一样，离开了它生存土壤就很难被人理解。因此对于大部分的英语学习者来说，正确的掌握标准的英语就可以了，而不必专门研究学习那些古怪的英语中的北京话。
再来看看新概念的作者L.G.ALEXANDER对这个问题的看法：
没必要，这其实是一件很危险的事，复习指导《自考英语诀窍大总结》。我们在学外语时希望确切了解以此为母语的人是怎么说话的，俚语一般是粗鲁和无礼的，做为一个初学者你不知道粗俗和无礼的程度。在与以英语为母语的人说话时，你要是使用这些俚俗语他们可能会很震惊。现代词典把某些词或词组明确标明为禁忌，说明在礼仪之社会使用这些词是粗俗和令人不快的，理解这些词是可以的，但切忌使用以免冒犯他人。
8.有必要专门花时间记忆和学习类似it is raining cats and dogs the pot calling the kettle black to add insult to injury这样的谚语吗？
答：没必要。在牛津现代高级英语词典中写道，这些谚语很少用于一般谈话或写作中。虽然以英语为母语的人懂得大部分英语成语的意思，但他们极少去用，即使是用，也只是想表现一下幽默，且在成语前经常加上一些套话，象you know what they say…“或”as the old saying goes…“因为这些成语都是关于人世经验的颇为明显的'话，一般人认为用成语的人头脑迟钝，必须借用成语才能表达自己的思想或感受。因此我们应慎重的使用成语。
新概念的作者L.G.ALEXANDER说：我的建议是完全不要理会这些成语，记住他们对你的英语水平没有丝毫益处，学会这些成语和掌握地道的英语完全是两回事。
9.学习短语或短语动词重要吗？
答：太重要了在牛津现代高级英语词典中写道，一个以英语为母语的人或运用英语的能力相当于以英语为母语的人的重要特征是，他能够了解和正确使用象make up one‘s mind be allears之类的短语……以英语为母语的人用这些短语是自然和不知不觉的，你则需要在用之前先学习。你用的越多他们便会成为你英语中自然的一部分，如果你不用他，你的英语将永远是“外国的”。新概念的作者L.G.ALEXANDER说，在英语中短语动词比，普通的动词用的更普遍。当某人敲门时我们更倾向于说Come in！而不说Enter！我们倾向于说put out the fire/put the fire out，而不说Extinguish the fire .短语动词常有习惯用语的用法put the cat out就是字面用法把它放在外面。put the fire out是一个习语用法使熄灭。你必须掌握这些短语动词，因为他们很常见。
10.我是一个业余学习英语者时间有限应该怎样学习英语呢？如何做到听说读写齐头并进？
答：对于大部分用业余时间来学习的人，白天要上八小时的班，下班后还要有其他事情处理，留给学英语的时间本不多。实践表明对于一个没有语言环境的学习者来说每天只学习一到二个小时，能保持原来的英语水平就不错了。因为每次学过的东西需要花数倍的时间来复习，才能把短期记忆转化为长期记忆。语言才能在我们的头脑中固化下来，因此要集中有限的时间以听读听写或阅读为突破点，先行发展争取在较短的时间突破单词和阅读关，然后以点带线以线带面去发展说写的能力。这样也比较符合语言的规律，即听和读是输入，是基础，有了大量的输入，才能有输出，即说和写。当然也可以针对一篇自学资料同时进行听写听读背诵复述写摘要等练习，使听说读写各方面都同时得以提高，但千万不要针对听说读写分别找四本教材一起来学。
11.我的时间有限，如何能在最短的时间内学完一本教材？
答：集中一段时间把整本书的生词查一遍，把不懂的语法现象都找出搞懂，然后把有生词的句子和难句、漂亮的句子一一摘抄下来，集中时间反复将他们背诵下来。这样可以在最短的时间内学完一本教程。我曾用此法在半个月的时间里学完一本三百多页的英语中级教程，李阳在大学里也用此法在几周内将国内很有名气的一本英语专业需四年才能完成的听力教程step by step搞定。充分说明此法威力的巨大，当然学完后进行强化复习以巩固所学的成果还是十分必要的。
12.我很少有时间坐下来学习应该怎样学习英语呢？
答：找一本适合自己水平的配有录音的教材，平常就利用空余时间反复听录音，有时间就坐下来对照文本将自己未听出的部分逐一解决掉，务求能够最终把录音一字不差的听懂。这样对自己的英文水平也是有提高作用的。
13.我很少有机会使用英语，又不想放弃，辛辛苦苦已学过的那么多年的英语该如何办？
答：你已过学了一段时间的英语了就说明你已有了一定词汇量要保持你原有的水平可以选择这样，一套录音带
（1）包含四五千词汇量
（2）包含常用的句型和语法
（3）内容生动适合反复听
有了它等于在你的周围营造了一个英语的小环境，时常听一听就可以温故而知新。同时平常再多看看英文报纸、电视、电影你的水平就可保持在原有的水准之上。
14.读报纸和杂志对我的英语水平的提高会有作用吗？
答：L.G.Alexander说，就覆盖面而言任何教材都是难以与报纸相比的。每天读点报纸上的文章，这会使你接触到用纯正的现代英语所写的题材广泛的文章，同时它也是巩固和扩大你的知识结构和词汇的好方法。因此我要说阅读报纸是你提高英语水平的最佳方式，但不要强迫自己读太多，要不然你会对学习英语失去兴趣的。当然你的旧教材也别扔掉，因为你的教材可以帮助提示你所遗忘的东西。
15.我已学英语十多年了发现我现在的水平很难再提高了应该怎么办？
答：L.G.Alexander当我们学习一门语言时迟早会达到一个极限的。就像我喜欢打乒乓球，但即使我花掉我的余生来练习它，我也达不到一个中国世界级选手的水平。多年前我的水平就以达到了极限，如果你也达到了这个极限，就应该接受这个现实毕竟只有极少数人才能达到接近母语的水平。但如果你觉得自己并未达到这个极限就应该
*尽量多听英语如BBC VOA
*挑选适合自己水平的书尽量多的阅读
*挑选自学练习书籍来检验自己的进度
*利用一切机会说英语同以英语为母语的人说或同你一样希望练习技巧的人说
自考英语写作基础题型
自考英语写作基础题型
一、单项选择题
(1)先易后难：一些考题的答案比较容易选定，可以先从这些考题入手。平时练习时，应以基础为主，主要精力不应放在偏题、怪题上。
(2)分析考查意图、运用相关知识：应学会分析出题者考查的意图，明确相关题的测试点是什么，然后运用所学知识，进行分析、判断，再进行选择。
(3)利用暗示进行选择：注意考题涉及的语境范围。平时应注重对习惯用语表达、惯用法和中英文化差别等方面知识的积累。
(4)运用排除法：可采取语言排除、逻辑排除、语法排除或选择排除等方法。先排除较容易、较明显的错误选项，缩小范围，而后对剩余的选项进行比较分析，最后确定答案。
二、完形填空题
1、搭配判断法。
根据对以往试题的分析，搭配型考题在完形填空题中占的比例最高。搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度，比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句，哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配。
2、结构判断法。
结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等，解题时要运用句法知识，把握关键词，从而做出迅速正确的判断。完形填空题中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有：
(1)转折、让步关系：这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。
常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有：but，still，yet，however，though，although，no matter，in spite of，anyway，even if等。
(2)因果关系：
表示原因的连词或词组有：because (of )，due to，owing to，thanks to，since，for，as等。
表示结果的词或词组有：so，therefore，then，as a result，in consequence，consequently，thus等。
(3)递进、补充关系：这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述。
常用的词、词组有：moreover，likewise，besides，in addition，also，too，not only…but also，apart from，what‘s more 等。
(4)对比、比较关系：对比观点或事物间的差异性，比较观点或事物间的同一性。
表示对比的词或词组有：in contrast，by contrast，on the contrary，conversely，unlike，oppositely 等。表示比较的词或词组有：like，in comparison，compare…with，as，just as等。
3、词义判断法。
词汇型问题也是完形填空的一个考点，主要测试考生在段落语篇中把握语义连贯性的能力，提供选择的词可能是近义词、近形词也可能是随意拼凑的四个选项，遇到这类题，既要联系上下文，又要具有扎实的词汇基础，有时还须根据自己的文化背景知识做出判断、选择答案。
三、阅读理解
在做阅读理解题时，除了掌握前面介绍的基本题型、基本法则外，还要进行有意识的阅读训练。提高阅读能力的训练主要可以从下面几个方面入手：词汇、方法、侧重点。
1、词汇：猜词的技巧。
在阅读过程中，不可避免地会碰到不认识的单词，考试中又不允许查词典，有些不认识的单词对文章的理解影响不大，可以忽略。但有些不认识的单词则会影响阅读者对文章理解的正确性。在这种情况下，必需猜测词的含义，这就需要利用猜词的技巧了。
最基本的猜词技巧有两种：一是根据构词法的规则猜，构词法的规则在前面的章节中已有介绍，这里就不重复了;另一种猜词的技巧是根据上下文的'描述、解释、列举、比较等，运用已有的知识，分析、推断该词的含义。常用的猜词技巧可归纳为以下几种：
(1)利用词根、词缀构词法推测词义。通过构词法推测词义是最常用的方法之一。
(2)分析文中对该词的直接定义推测词义。
作者在行文中有时不得不使用某些难词、偏词，为使读者理解，作者常常会在文章中直接解释该词语。作者或通过同位语，或使用定语从句加以阐明，或用冒号、破折号、括号给出，或用语篇标志词引出，这类语篇标志词有：that is (to say); e.g.;oor，in other words;to put it in another way等。如：
She is bilingual.In other words，she speaks English and French equally well.(bilingual：会说两种语言的)。
(3)分析文中对该词的近义复述推测词义。
同一短文中前后两个句子、短语或单词通常有互释作用，可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词或短语相关的信息以猜测词义。如：
It is difficult t
o list all of my fathe‘s attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities.(attribute：特质;才能)
(4)分析文中对该词的对比和并列表述推测词义。
利用上下文中的对比或并列表述猜测词义是最常用、最可靠的方法。有不少句子会在上下文中给出某个生词(尤其是偏词、难词)的同义词或反义词，运用对比或并列表达对这些生词加以推测。通过了解词与词之间的连接关系，特别是一些语篇标志词，如：however;on the other hand;nevertheless等，我们不难推断这些生词的词义。如：
If you agree，write “yes”;if you dissent，write “no”。(dissent：不同意）
公文写作基础试题及答案
一、不定项选择题
1.具有正式法定效用的文本有。
A.正本 B.试行本
C.暂行本 D.修订本
2.用于对某一项行政工作作比较具体规定的规范性文件，称作()。
A.条例 B.规定
C.办法 D.决定
3.用于对下级机关布置工作，阐明工作活动的指导原则的领导指导性文件，称为()。
A.命令 B.指示
C.批复 D.通知
4.公文中的词语应()。
A.含义确切 B.韵味无穷
C.可圈可点 D.包彩丰富
5.下面说法正确的有()。
A.党政机关应在各自的系统内部发布文件
B.行政机关可直接向党的组织发布指令性文件
C.行政机关可直接向党的组织汇报工作
D.党政机关尽可能地增加联合发文
6.公文词语要求()。
A.选择最贴切，最能表情达意的
B.尽量使用同音调
C.使用口语词、歇后语，谚语
D.为反复强调、突出重点，大量用同意词
E.使文章新颖，可用方言词汇
7.维护公文的简明性易出的问题是()。
A.赘言泛滥，大量重复
B.语言含混、语义多歧
C.归类不准、文不对题
D.主题不明、离题万里
E.内容不全，挂一漏万
8.维护文件的高度严密性是指()。
A.公文的保密性
B.公文语言结构的严密
C.公文行文程序的严密
D.施行办法的严密
9.承办公文工作的依据主要是()。
A.有关法律、法规、制度
B.一部分群众的要求
C.上级领导做出的批示
D.上级领导传授的意图
二、单项选择题
1.制发公文的目的和要求，一般是由()确定的。
A.撰写者本人或团体
B.机关党政负责人
C.行文对象及行文内容
D.作者的上级机关
2.公文对结构的要求是()。
A.完整 B.生动
C.突出 D.简明
3.以强制力推行的用以规定各种行为规范的法规、规章同于()文章来源：中国公务网 -3-22 14:44:30。
A.规范性文件 B.领指导性文件
C.呈请性文件 D.证明性文件
4.内容重要并紧急需要打破常规优先传递处理的文件，叫作()。
A.平件 B.加急件
C.特急件 D.急件
5.供受文者使用的具有法定效用的正式文本，格式规范并具备各种生效标志的稿本称作()。
A.草稿 B.定稿
C.正本 D.副本
6.为了维护正常的领导关系，具有隶属关系或业务指导关系的机关之间应基本采取()。
A.逐级行文 B.多级行文
C.越级行文 D.直接行文
7.下面公文写作中，语句符合规范的是 ()。
A.该卷烟厂全体职工同心协力，奋发自强，在上半年不到三个月时间里，就创造出产值比去年同期增
长200%的奇迹
B.我们一定要采取措施，尽可能节省不必要的开支和浪费
C.目前有关部门已对议报作出停刊整顿并令其主要负责人深刻检查等等纪律处分的处理
D.一艘在巴拿马注册的名为“协友”的货轮9月9日1时30分在斯里兰卡东部亭可马里突然遭到泰
米尔“猛虎”组织袭击而失事，五名船员失踪
8.“由于我们没有建立健全安全保卫制度，结果给流氓、惯偷、坏人造成了盗窃、行凶、阴谋破坏的
可趁之机”这句公文用语显然是不规范的，其不正确的原因是()Www.GongWu.Com.Cn -3-15 4:45:39GongWu.Com.Cn 2006-3-22 14:44:30。
A.含义不明确不清晰，让人产生歧义
B.句子成分搭配不当
C.语序安排欠妥当
D.不合乎事理
9.下面几种说法中，不正确的是()。
A.在公文中安排语序时，当一组概念表现由若干连续的动作、行为构成的活动过程时，一般应按时
间发展顺序排列
B.受双重领导的机关向上级机关请示，应写明主送机关和抄进机关，由抄送机关答复
C.有些公文的主题，可以根据领导人授意而直接表达，有些公文的主题，则需在调查研究的过程中，
随着对客观实际情况全面而深入的探索而逐步提炼与明确
D.公文中的疑问语气一般较少使用语气 “啊”“呢”“吧”等，“吗”也展可能不用或少用
10.调查报告的特点是()。
A.具有明确的针对性
B.具有法定的权威性和执行性
C.作者广泛
D.根据调查研究成果写成的用于揭示事物真象与规律的报告
11.关于答复询问的报告，叙述错误的是()。
A.用语简明，得体，分寸适宜
B.可夹带请示事项
C.是下级机关答复上级机关询问的文种
D.内容准确真实，实事求是地向领导机关作认真负责的报告
12.函灵活简便，可广泛应用于公务联系的各个领域，以下事项不适宜使用函件这一形式的有()。
A.北京市人民政府就X X发电厂建设问题向国家计委申请
B.上海市浦东新区人民政府就浦东新区的道路规划问题向上海市交通厅询问
C.上海市公安厅就打击车匪路霸问题向华东六省的公安厅提出建议
D.国务院、中央军委就军队营区外义务植树进行指示
13.以下有关公文的说法错误的有()。
A.公文的基本组成部分有：标题、正文、作者、日期、印章或签署、主题词
B.通用公文，文称行政公文，指各类机关普遍使用的文件，如请示、报告、函等
C.通知的作者广泛，不受机关性质与级别层次的限制
D.函为不相隶属机关间相互往来的正式公文，对受文者的行为没有强制性影响
14.会议纪要是会议文件的一种，以下关于会议纪要的标题说法正确的是()。
A.标题需写明会议名称与文种
B.标题须写明发文机关名称、事由与文种
C.标题需写明会议名称、事由、文种
D.可以采用一般文章标题的形式在标题中简要明确地揭示中心思想
15.立卷的文件是已经办理完毕的;立卷的作用主要是为了()。
A.反映本机关的活动
B.便于检索和管理
C.便于映证机关工作的历史
D.便于研究有关问题
16.公文立卷的具体方法很多，但其本质都是()。
A.一案一卷，一会一卷
B.同人同事立一卷
C.统计表、报表合卷
D.把握文件的特征
17.编目是对组合之后的文件加以系统排列并编列出()。
A.卷内文件次号
B.卷内文件目录
C.编制立卷目录
D.立卷计划和案卷目录
三、多项选择题
1.公文提纲的内容包括()。
A.公文标题
B.公文开头
C.表述层次及论点、论据、字数安排
D.结尾
2.下面说法错误的有()。
A.盖印应端正、清晰，做到上压正文，下压成文日期。
B.一件联合发文，可有数个发文号
C.联合行文的成文日期以最后签发机关的签发日期为准。
D.公文中的附注一般标注于主题词下方。
E.题注一般用圆括号标注于标题下方。
3.具备法定效力的公文稿本有()。
A.副本 B.草稿
C.定稿 D.试行本
E.暂行本
4.选定公文种类主要的原则方法是()。
A.考虑行文的具体需要
B.考虑本单位的权限
C.考虑公文撰拟者的写作水平
D.考虑行文走向
5.国家对公文的格式有具体的.要求其特点有()。
A.结构完整 B.规范性
C.相对确定性 D.灵活性
6.规定公文的统一规范格式，其目的在于()
A.维护公文的严肃性
B.维护公文的有效性
C.维护公文的权威性
D.维护公文的准确性
7.主送机关有以下几种()。
A.上级机关 B.下级机关
C.平行机关 D.不相隶属机关
8.通报有以下特点()。
A.具有较强的时效性
B.让事实和数据说话，而不过多地阐发和论证道理
C.具有教育性质，主要起宣传教育、沟通情况和交流经验的作用
D.内容单纯，行文简便
9.通报按其内容性质划分，可分为()。
A.表彰性通报 B.批评性通报
C.指示性通报 D.情况通报
10.通报的总体结构包括()。
A.标题 B.主送机关
C.正文 D.通报的日期
11.通报与通知的区别是()。
A.通报用来传达重要精神或情况
B.通报的事例典型，情况重要，具有较大影响
C.通报的目的是引起读者的广泛注意和从中受到教育，而不着重要求予以具体办理和执行
D.通知有主送机关通报没有主送机关
12.批复具有以下特点()。
A.权威性 B.针对性
C.被动性 D.公开性
13.下列有关说法，能用来说明批复有明确针对性的是()。
A.批复只印发给申报请示的单位及有关单位
B.批复的内容只答复请示的具体事项
C.批复的内容应予认真遵守与执行
D.批复的开头和结尾要与请示的标题与发文字号相互照应
14.批复在制发前需进行认真的调查，调查的内容包括()
A.查阅有关的规定和指示
B.调阅前案处理的材料
C.与内容涉及到的有关部门协商
D.调查研究请示的理由、事项与具体要求
15.下列各具体事项可以使用请示这一文种的有()。
A.请求协调与帮助解决本机关无法解决的困难与问题
B.请求审核批准或批转本机关制定的法规、规章或决定、报告等。
C.请求协调与解决本机关无法解决的困难和问题
D.根据规定必须履行审批程序的事项
16.请示的主送对象可以是()
A.有商洽必要的平行机关
B.需请求其批准的不相隶属机关
C.直属的上级领导机关
D.上级业务主管部门
17.下列有关说法正确的是()。
A.各机关对于自己无权决定或难以处理的问题均应制发请示公文
B.请示这类公文要求上级回复，故应与工作报告相区别
C.某机关对于后勤的安排，因几位领导意见不一致，此时应该制发请示
D.请示不能使用议论的表达方式
18.分办的主要依据是文件的性质、重要程度、()等。
A.涉密程度
B.缓急时限要求
C.内容所涉及的职责范围
D.党和政府的方针政策
19.签收文件的工作由()完成。
A.专职外收发人员
B.兼职外收发人员
C.通讯人员
D.各机关的领导、负责人
【参考答案】
一、不定项选择题
1.ABCD 2.C 3.B 4.A 6.A 7.AE 8.B 9.ACD
二、单项选择题
1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D
13.D 14.A 15.B 16.D 17.B
三、多项选择题
1.ABC 2.ABD 3.ACDE 4.ABD 5.ABC 6.ACD 7.ABC 8.ABC 9.ABD 10.AC
11.BC 12.ABC 13.AB 14.ACD 15.ABD 16.CD 17.ABD 18.ABC 19.ABC
一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.若两构件组成高副，则其接触形式为( )
A.面接触
C.点或面接触 B.点或线接触 D.线或面接触
2.曲柄摇杆机构中，当曲柄为主动件时，最小传动角发生在( )
A.从动件与连杆共线位置
C.主动件与连杆共线位置 B.从动件与机架共线位置 D.主动件与机架共线位置
3.当凸轮机构的从动件选用余弦加速度运动规律时，在一般情况下，其从动件的运动( )
A.将产生刚性冲击
C.没有冲击 B.将产生柔性冲击 D.既有刚性冲击，又有柔性冲击
4.拨盘与槽轮的转向相反，并且拨盘转动一周，槽轮转动两次的槽轮机构是( )
A.单圆销外啮合槽轮机构
C.多圆销外啮合槽轮机构
5.螺纹联接防松的实质是( )
A.增加螺纹联接的轴向力
C.防止螺纹副发生相对转动
6.普通平键长度的主要选择依据是( )
A.传递转矩的大小B.传递功率的大小
C.轴的直径 D.轮毂的宽度
7.在带传动工作时，产生打滑的条件是( )
A.有效拉力F>摩擦力总和的极限值Fμlim
B.紧边拉力F1>摩擦力总和的极限值Fμlim
C.紧边拉力F1
D.有效拉力F
8.普通V带传动设计中，限制小带轮的直径主要是为了( )
A.使结构紧凑
C.保证带和带轮之间有足够的摩擦力 B.限制弯曲应力 D.限制小带轮的包角
9.在安装标准直齿圆柱齿轮时，若实际中心距大于标准中心距，则将使( )
A.重合度变大
C.啮合角变大 B.定角速比无法保证 D.节圆压力角变小
10.对闭式齿轮传动，齿面弯曲疲劳强度设计准则针对的齿轮失效形式是( )
A.齿面点蚀
C.齿面磨损 B.齿面胶合 D.轮齿折断
11.一对正确啮合的斜齿圆柱齿轮传动，其参数为标准值的是( )
A.法面模数、法面压力角
B.端面模数、端面压力角
C.端面模数、端面压力角、分度圆上的螺旋角
D.法面模数、法面压力角、分度圆上的螺旋角
12.蜗杆传动比的正确表达式为( ) nd
A.i11 n2d2 B、n1d2 n2d11d2 C. in1z2 n2z1 D.2d1B.i
13.选择蜗轮材料通常根据蜗杆传动的( )
A.传递功率
C.传动比 B.滑动速度 D.效率
14.对于工作中载荷平稳，不发生相对位移，转速稳定且对中性好的两轴宜选用( )
A.刚性凸缘联轴器
C.弹性套柱销联轴器
15.传动轴工作时承受( )
A.转矩和弯矩
C.转矩 B.弯矩 D.摩擦力矩 B.万向联轴器 D.齿式联轴器
16.对于高速、重载或变载的重要机械中的滑动轴承，应采用的润滑方式是( )
A.人工供油润滑
C.浸油润滑 B.滴油润滑 D.压力润滑
17.滚动轴承的代号由前置代号，基本代号及后置代号组成，其中基本代号表示( )
A.轴承的类型、结构和尺寸
C.轴承内部结构的变化和轴承公差等级 B.轴承组件 D.轴承游隙和配置
18.一般转速的滚动轴承计算准则是( )
A.进行静强度计算
C.进行疲劳寿命计算
19.在机械中安装飞轮，可以( )
A.减小周期性速度波动
C.减小非周期性速度波动 B.消除周期性速度波动 D.消除非周期性速度波动 B.进行极限转速计算 D.进行热平衡计算
20.在带、链、齿轮组成的多级减速传动中，链传动应放在( )
A.低速级
C.高速级
二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分,共10分)
请在每小题的空格上填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。
21.在铰链四杆机构中，双曲柄机构的最短杆与最长杆长度之和_______其余两杆长度之和。
22.在设计直动滚子从动件盘形凸轮机构时，在滚子半径一定的情况下，若发生运动失真现象，可以_______基圆半径。
23.楔键的工作面是_______。
24.普通三角形螺纹的自锁条件是_______。
25.带传动的主要失效形式是带的_______和打滑。
26.一对渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮的连续传动条件是使实际啮合线长度_______齿轮的法向齿距。
27.蜗杆传动的效率包括三部分，其中起主要作用的是_______时摩擦损耗的效率。
28.频繁起动、单向运转的转轴，在转矩作用下，产生扭转切应力的循环特性是_______。
29.不完全液体润滑径向滑动轴承的主要失效形式是磨损和_______。
30.一回转件，其直径为D、宽度为B，当B／D________1／5时，其平衡属于动平衡问题。
三、分析题(本大题共2小题，每小题6分，共12分)
31.某二级展开式斜齿圆柱齿轮减速器，已知轮1主动，转动方向和螺旋线方向如题31图所示。欲使中间轴上两轮的轴向力抵消一部分，试确定齿轮3和4的螺旋线方向，并画出中间轴上两齿轮的圆周力Ft2、Ft3和轴向力Fa2、Fa3的方向。
32.两块金属板用z个普通螺栓(螺纹小径为d1)联接，已知结合面的摩擦系数为，可靠性系数为K，螺栓材料的许用应力为[]，试分析该螺栓组联接所能承受的横向外载荷F∑。
[机械设计基础自考试题]
自考英语模拟试题及答案
一、语音知识(5 points)
第1题 请选择出划线部分读音不同的.选项( )。
A.practice B.possible C.physical D.pacific
答案：B
第2题 请选择出划线部分读音不同的选项( )。
A. arm
B. party
C. warm
D. farther
答案：C
第3题 请选择出划线部分读音不同的选项( )。
A.energy B.engineer C.encourage D.entrance
答案：C
第4题 请选择出划线部分读音不同的选项( )。
A. great
B. league
C. peace
D. neat
答案：A
第5题 请选择出划线部分读音不同的选项( )。
A. theory B. throgh C. birth D. there
答案：D
二、词汇与语法知识(15 points)
第6题 She kept a close eye__________the sick child and didn’t sleep the whole night.
A.at B.in C.for D.on
答案：D
第7题 The effect of TV__________the life of average people is incalculable.
A.in B.for C.about D.on
答案：D
第8题 Jim is the most intelligent，of __________
A.four US B.US four C.the four US D.US of four
答案：B
第9题 I like all kinds of fruit，but my __________is banana.
A.favorite B.favored C.favorable D.preferred
答案：A
第10题 We were overjoyed at the news of China__________ another man-made satel1ite.
A.starting B.1aunching C.fighting D.shouting
答案：B
第11题 The headmaster wanted the classroom building__________as soon as possible.
A.to set up B.to have been set up C.to be set up D.being set up
答案：C
第12题 __________they who did the thorough cleaning to the classroom yesterday.
A.These were B.That was C.It was D.Those were
答案：C
第13题 HOW many times did the clock__________?
A.hit B.knock C.beat D.strike
答案：D
第14题 The largest meteorite on display is in the American museum in New York city over__________34 tons.
答案：A
第15题 He tried to__________his involvement in this robbery，but he finally confessed.
A.decline B.reject C.refuse D.deny
答案：D
第16题 Mike wanted to go there by plane but he did not have enough money to pay for the__________
A. travel B. voyage C. joureny D. fly
答案：C
第17题 There was plenty of time.You______.
A. mustn′t have hurried B. needn′t hurry
C. must not hurry D. needn′t have hurried
答案：D
第18题 Which is more important，the__________appearance of a book or its content?
A. artificial B. surface C. physical D. substance
答案：C
第19题 This year the factory________ almost twice as many motors as it did last year.
A.turned down B.turned off C.turned out D.turned over
答案：C
第20题 The good service of the restaurant the poor food to some extent.
A. made for B. made out C. made up for D.made use of
答案：C
三、Cloze( 30 points)
根据以下内容，回答下面试题。
You have studied hard, and the day has 21 __________come when you must write your exam. Try to arrive a few minutes before the 22__________ starts. Avoid talking to other students, especially those 23 __________are doing some last minute cramming. These people will make you nervous and 24__________ your concentration.
If you can, choose a seat that allows you to 25__________ Try to sit away from the 26__________ to the room so you are not 27__________ by students leaving before you are finished. Listen 28__________ to any verbal instructions from the teacher or any 29__________ written on the beard.
Here are five 30__________ for taking exams:
1. Catch your 31__________ ;
2. Read the 32 __________very carefully;
3. 33 __________through the test ;
4. 34__________ your time ;
5. Attack the 35__________ .
第21题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.Fortunately B.lastly C.lately D.finally
答案：D
第22题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.class B.exam C.issue D.final
答案：B
第23题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.which B.examinees C.students D.who
答案：D
第24题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.destroy B.hurt C.disturb D.distress
答案：C
第25题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.reduce B.listen C.be quiet D.Concentrate
答案：D
第26题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.exit B.window C.gate D.seat
答案：A
第27题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.upset B.bothered C.excited D.Annoyed
答案：B
第28题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.still B.silently C.carefully D.Instantly
答案：C
第29题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.messages B.letter C.information D.Words
答案：A
第30题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.tips B.steps C.following D.Figures
答案：B
第31题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.attention B.breath C.focus D.Spirit
答案：B
第32题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.test B.questions C.directions D.Words
答案：C
第33题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.Look B.Listen C.Skim D.Read
答案：C
第34题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.Budget B.Think C.Count D.Number
答案：A
第35题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.students B.concentration C.problems D.Questions
答案：D
四、阅读理解
根据以下内容，回答下面试题。
Passage One
Key James, Secretary of Health and Human Resources in the Virginia State government, loves to turn the tables on those who don't think it's possible to be middle-class,conservative,educated and still be truly black. Once, during an Abortion debate, a woman in the audience angrily told James she was so middle-class she didn't have a clue about real African American life. “If you understood what these women go through,” the woman said, “you would realize that abortion is their only choice. ”
James then asked the woman to consider a poor black mother on welfare. She already has four children and an alcoholic husband who has all but abandoned the family. Now she discovers another child is on the way. How would you counsel that woman, asked James.
“Have an abortion,” the woman responded. “That child would have a very poor quality of life. ”
“I have a vested interest in your answer,” James said. “The woman I described was my mother. I was the fifth of six children born into poverty. And, in case you're interested,the quality of my life is just fine!”
第36题 “To move the tables” means__________.
A.to move the tables B.to carry the tables away
C.to gain courage D.to gain an advantage after having been at a disadvantage
答案：D
第37题 James' father__________.
A.divorced his wife B.liked to drink C.deserted his family D.B and C
答案：D
第38题 James' mother__________.
A.was educated B.was conservative C.was poor D.A and B
答案：C
第39题 James' family led a__________life when she was born.
A.miserable B.happy C.well-off D.hardly
答案：A
根据以下内容，回答下面试题。
Passage Two
When I was about 12 I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings. Week by week her list grew: I was skinny, I wasn't a good student, I was boyish, I talked too loud, and so on. I put up with her as long as I could. At last, with great anger, I ran to my father in tears.
He listened to my outburst quietly. Then he asked, “Are the things she says true or not?”
True? I wanted to know how to strike back. What did truth have to do with it?
“Mary, didn't you ever wonder what you are really like? Well, you now have that girl's opinion. Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said. ”
I did as he directed and discovered to my surprise that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldn't change ( like being skinny), but a good number I could and suddenly wanted to change.
For the first time in my life I got a fairly clear picture of myself.
I brought the list back to Daddy. He refused to take it.
“That's just for you,” he said. “You know better than anybody else the truth about yourself, once you hear it. But you've got to learn to listen, not to close your ears in anger or hurt. When something said about you is true you'll know it. You'll find that it will echo inside you. ”
Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments.
第40题 What did the girl's enemy like to do?
A.Talking with her. B.Pointing out her weak points.
C.Reporting to the teacher. D.Quarrelling with her.
答案：B
第41题 What did the girl do when she could no longer bear her enemy?
A.She turned to her father. B.She cried to her heart's content.
C.She tried to put up with her again. D.She tried to be her friend.
答案：A
第42题 Why did the girl's father ask her to make the list?
A.He wanted to keep the list at home.
B.He didn't know what the girl's enemy had said.
C.He wanted the girl to talk back.
D.He wanted her to check if she really had these weak points.
答案：D
第43题 What can we infer from reading the passage?
A.The girl benefited from her father's advice.
B.The girl was very often angry with her father.
C.The girl's father loved other people's advice,
D.The girl was easily hurt by her father ,
答案：A
根据以下内容，回答下面试题。
Passage Three
Researchers have found that REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is important to human beings. This type of sleep generally occurs four or five times during one night of sleep lasting five minutes to forty minutes for each occurrence. The deeper a person's sleep becomes, ~the longer the periods of rapid eye movement.
There are physical charges in the body to show that a person has changed from NREM( non-rapid eye movement) to REM sleep. Breathing becomes faster, the heart rate increases, and, as the name implies, the eyes begin to move quickly,
Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important characteristic of REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that a person dreams..
第44题 According to the passage,, how often does REM sleep occur in one night? __________
A.Once B.Twice C.Four or five times D.Forty times
答案：C
第45题 The word “deeper” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following? __________
A.heavier. B.louder. C.stronger. D.Happier.
答案：A
第46题 Which of the following shows that a person is NOT dreaming in his sleep?__________
A.His eyes begin to move. B.His breathing-becomes faster.
C.His heart rate increases. D.His eyes stop moving.
答案：D
第47题 The subject of this passage is__________.
A.why people sleep B.the human need for REM sleep
C.the characteristic of REM sleep D.physical changes in the human body
答案：C
根据以下内容，回答下面试题。
Passage Four
Man's first real invention, and one of the most important inventions in history, was the wheel. All transportation and every machine in the world depend on it. The wheel is the simplest yet perhaps the most remarkable of all inventions, because there are no wheels in nature-no living thing was ever created with wheels. How, then, did man come to invent the wheel? Perhaps some early hunters found that they could roll the carcass of a heavy animal through the forest on logs more easily than they could carry it. However, the logs themselves weighed a lot.
It must have taken a great prehistoric thinker to imagine two thin slices of log connected, at their centers by a string stick. This would roll along just as the logs did, yet be much lighter and easier to handle. Thus the wheel and axle came into being and with them the first carts.
第48题 The wheel is important because__________.
A.it was man's first real invention B.all transportation depends on it
C.every machine depends on it D.both B and C
答案：D
第49题 The wheel is called__________.
A.simple B.complicated C.strange D.unusual
答案：D
第50题 It was remarkable of man to invent the wheel because__________.
A.it led to .many other inventions B.man had no use for it then
C.there were no wheels in nature D.all of the above
答案：D
第51题 The wheel was probably invented by__________.
A.a group of early hunters B.the first men on earth
C.a great prehistoric thinker D.the man who made the first cart
答案：A
根据以下内容，回答下面试题。
Passage Five
Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away--straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared (红外线) scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don't have pest (害虫) problems.
Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-code map showing where plants were running“ fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works~ “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States”, says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agricultrue, thinks re- mote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
第52题 In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to__________.
A.locate the problem areas B.drew a color-ceded map
C.measure the size of the affected area D.estimate the damage to the crops
答案：A
第53题 Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by__________.
A.transforming poisoned rain B.consulting infrared scanning experts
C.resorting to spot-spraying D.detecting crop problems at an early date
答案：C
第54题 Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are__________.
A.sprayed with pesticides B.in pour physical condition
C.facing an infrared scanner D.exposed to excessive sun rays
答案：B
第55题 The application of infrared scanning technolgy to agriculture met with some difficulties due to__________.
A.the lack of official support B.its high cost
C.its failure to help increase production D.the lack of financial support
答案：D
五、补全对话
根据以下内容，回答下面试题。
A.We'll show you our photos when we are back.
B. We are going with our teachers.
C. We are going to Paris.
D. When are you leaving?
E. How long are you going to stay there?
F. Have you been there before?
G. I want to go to London.
H. See you later.
A: Hi, Xiao Wang. Where are you going on vacation?
B: 56 __________.
A: Paris? That sounds great! 57 __________.
B: We are leaving next Tuesday.
A: Who are you going with?
B: 58 __________.
A: 59 __________.
B: For about two weeks. 60__________.
A : Great ! Wish you a pleasant journey!
B: Thanks a lot.
第56题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.We'll show you our photos when we are back.
B. We are going with our teachers.
C. We are going to Paris.
D. When are you leaving?
E. How long are you going to stay there?
F. Have you been there before?
G. I want to go to London.
H. See you later.
答案：C
第57题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.We'll show you our photos when we are back.
B. We are going with our teachers.
C. We are going to Paris.
D. When are you leaving?
E. How long are you going to stay there?
F. Have you been there before?
G. I want to go to London.
H. See you later.
答案：D
第58题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.We'll show you our photos when we are back.
B. We are going with our teachers.
C. We are going to Paris.
D. When are you leaving?
E. How long are you going to stay there?
F. Have you been there before?
G. I want to go to London.
H. See you later.
答案：B
第59题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.We'll show you our photos when we are back.
B. We are going with our teachers.
C. We are going to Paris.
D. When are you leaving?
E. How long are you going to stay there?
F. Have you been there before?
G. I want to go to London.
H. See you later.
答案：E
第60题 请选择最佳答案填入( )
A.We'll show you our photos when we are back.
B. We are going with our teachers.
C. We are going to Paris.
D. When are you leaving?
E. How long are you going to stay there?
F. Have you been there before?
G. I want to go to London.
H. See you later.
答案：A
六、书面表达(25 points)
第61题 The Internet
答案：The Internet
With the development of computers，the.Internet has become widely used.More and more information will be provided for people.We can get all kinds of useful information in any scientific research field whenever we need.It can help US to enrich our knowledge and help our country to keep up with the developed countries.
However，the Internet also brings US too much information.It always make US very difficult to find something available by browsing many necessary websites.
In a word，we need the Internet.but we should make good use of it.
Fast food restaurants such as McDonald’s and KFC provide food served within a few minutes. Therefore, many people, especially those who are busy with their work, would choose fast food in order to save time.
But we should also be aware that some kinds of fast food are not so healthy. They are usually fried or overcooked, and therefore increase the risk people of getting overweight. It may even cause some diseases.
In my opinion, when we are really running out of time, fast food is a good choice to avoid hunger and make us return to work with some energy. At the same time, eating fast food should not become a long-term habit so health problems will not arise.
一、单项选择题
1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D
13.D 14.A 15.B 16.D 17.B
二、多项选择题
1.ABC 2.ABD 3.ACDE 4.ABD 5.ABC 6.ACD 7.ABC 8.ABC 9.ABD 10.AC
11.BC 12.ABC 13.AB 14.ACD 15.ABD 16.CD 17.ABD 18.ABC 19.ABC
三、不定项选择题
1.ABCD 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.AE 8.B 9.ACD
一、单项选择题
1.制发公文的目的和要求，一般是由确定的。
A.撰写者本人或团体
B.机关党政负责人
C.行文对象及行文内容
D.作者的上级机关
2.公文对结构的要求是()。
A.完整 B.生动
C.突出 D.简明
3.以强制力推行的用以规定各种行为规范的法规、规章同于()。
A.规范性文件 B.领指导性文件
C.呈请性文件 D.证明性文件
4.内容重要并紧急需要打破常规优先传递处理的文件，叫作()。
A.平件 B.加急件
C.特急件 D.急件
5.供受文者使用的具有法定效用的正式文本，格式规范并具备各种生效标志的稿本称作()。
A.草稿 B.定稿
C.正本 D.副本
6.为了维护正常的领导关系，具有隶属关系或业务指导关系的机关之间应基本采取()。
A.逐级行文 B.多级行文
C.越级行文 D.直接行文
7.下面公文写作中，语句符合规范的是 ()。
A.该卷烟厂全体职工同心协力，奋发自强，在上半年不到三个月时间里，就创造出产值比去年同期增
长200%的奇迹
B.我们一定要采取措施，尽可能节省不必要的开支和浪费
C.目前有关部门已对议报作出停刊整顿并令其主要负责人深刻检查等等纪律处分的处理
D.一艘在巴拿马注册的名为“协友”的货轮9月9日1时30分在斯里兰卡东部亭可马里突然遭到泰
米尔“猛虎”组织袭击而失事，五名船员失踪
8.“由于我们没有建立健全安全保卫制度，结果给流氓、惯偷、坏人造成了盗窃、行凶、阴谋破坏的
可趁之机”这句公文用语显然是不规范的，其不正确的原因是()。
A.含义不明确不清晰，让人产生歧义
B.句子成分搭配不当
C.语序安排欠妥当
D.不合乎事理
9.下面几种说法中，不正确的是()。
A.在公文中安排语序时，当一组概念表现由若干连续的动作、行为构成的活动过程时，一般应按时
间发展顺序排列
B.受双重领导的机关向上级机关请示，应写明主送机关和抄进机关，由抄送机关答复
C.有些公文的主题，可以根据领导人授意而直接表达，有些公文的主题，则需在调查研究的过程中，
随着对客观实际情况全面而深入的探索而逐步提炼与明确
D.公文中的疑问语气一般较少使用语气 “啊”“呢”“吧”等，“吗”也展可能不用或少用
10.调查报告的特点是()。
A.具有明确的针对性
B.具有法定的权威性和执行性
C.作者广泛
D.根据调查研究成果写成的用于揭示事物真象与规律的报告
11.关于答复询问的报告，叙述错误的是()。
A.用语简明，得体，分寸适宜
B.可夹带请示事项
C.是下级机关答复上级机关询问的文种
D.内容准确真实，实事求是地向领导机关作认真负责的报告
12.函灵活简便，可广泛应用于公务联系的各个领域，以下事项不适宜使用函件这一形式的有()。
A.北京市人民政府就X X发电厂建设问题向国家计委申请
B.上海市浦东新区人民政府就浦东新区的道路规划问题向上海市交通厅询问
C.上海市公安厅就打击车匪路霸问题向华东六省的公安厅提出建议
D.国务院、中央军委就军队营区外义务植树进行指示
13.以下有关公文的说法错误的有()。
A.公文的基本组成部分有：标题、正文、作者、日期、印章或签署、主题词
B.通用公文，文称行政公文，指各类机关普遍使用的文件，如请示、报告、函等
C.通知的作者广泛，不受机关性质与级别层次的限制
D.函为不相隶属机关间相互往来的正式公文，对受文者的行为没有强制性影响
14.会议纪要是会议文件的一种，以下关于会议纪要的标题说法正确的是()。
A.标题需写明会议名称与文种
B.标题须写明发文机关名称、事由与文种
C.标题需写明会议名称、事由、文种
D.可以采用一般文章标题的形式在标题中简要明确地揭示中心思想
15.立卷的文件是已经办理完毕的;立卷的作用主要是为了()。
A.反映本机关的活动
B.便于检索和管理
C.便于映证机关工作的历史
D.便于研究有关问题
16.公文立卷的具体方法很多，但其本质都是()。
A.一案一卷，一会一卷
B.同人同事立一卷
C.统计表、报表合卷
D.把握文件的特征
17.编目是对组合之后的文件加以系统排列并编列出()。
A.卷内文件次号
B.卷内文件目录
C.编制立卷目录
D.立卷计划和案卷目录
二、多项选择题
1.公文提纲的内容包括()。
A.公文标题
B.公文开头
C.表述层次及论点、论据、字数安排
D.结尾
2.下面说法错误的有()。
A.盖印应端正、清晰，做到上压正文，下压成文日期。
B.一件联合发文，可有数个发文号
C.联合行文的成文日期以最后签发机关的签发日期为准。
D.公文中的附注一般标注于主题词下方。
E.题注一般用圆括号标注于标题下方。
3.具备法定效力的公文稿本有()。
A.副本 B.草稿
C.定稿 D.试行本
E.暂行本
4.选定公文种类主要的原则方法是()。
A.考虑行文的具体需要
B.考虑本单位的权限
C.考虑公文撰拟者的写作水平
D.考虑行文走向
5.国家对公文的格式有具体的要求其特点有()。
A.结构完整 B.规范性
C.相对确定性 D.灵活性
6.规定公文的统一规范格式，其目的在于()
A.维护公文的严肃性
B.维护公文的有效性
C.维护公文的权威性
D.维护公文的准确性
7.主送机关有以下几种()。
A.上级机关 B.下级机关
C.平行机关 D.不相隶属机关
8.通报有以下特点()。
.具A有较强的时效性
B.让事实和数据说话，而不过多地阐发和论证道理
C.具有教育性质，主要起宣传教育、沟通情况和交流经验的作用
D.内容单纯，行文简便
9.通报按其内容性质划分，可分为()。
A.表彰性通报 B.批评性通报
C.指示性通报 D.情况通报
10.通报的总体结构包括()。
A.标题 B.主送机关
C.正文 D.通报的日期
11.通报与通知的区别是()。
A.通报用来传达重要精神或情况
B.通报的事例典型，情况重要，具有较大影响
C.通报的目的是引起读者的广泛注意和从中受到教育，而不着重要求予以具体办理和执行
D.通知有主送机关通报没有主送机关
12.批复具有以下特点()。
A.权威性 B.针对性
C.被动性 D.公开性
13.下列有关说法，能用来说明批复有明确针对性的是()。
A.批复只印发给申报请示的单位及有关单位
B.批复的内容只答复请示的具体事项
C.批复的内容应予认真遵守与执行
D.批复的开头和结尾要与请示的标题与发文字号相互照应
14.批复在制发前需进行认真的调查，调查的内容包括()
A.查阅有关的规定和指示
B.调阅前案处理的材料
C.与内容涉及到的有关部门协商
D.调查研究请示的理由、事项与具体要求
15.下列各具体事项可以使用请示这一文种的有()。
A.请求协调与帮助解决本机关无法解决的困难与问题
B.请求审核批准或批转本机关制定的法规、规章或决定、报告等。
C.请求协调与解决本机关无法解决的困难和问题
D.根据规定必须履行审批程序的事项
16.请示的主送对象可以是()
A.有商洽必要的平行机关
B.需请求其批准的不相隶属机关
C.直属的上级领导机关
D.上级业务主管部门
17.下列有关说法正确的是()。
A.各机关对于自己无权决定或难以处理的问题均应制发请示公文
B.请示这类公文要求上级回复，故应与工作报告相区别
C.某机关对于后勤的安排，因几位领导意见不一致，此时应该制发请示
D.请示不能使用议论的表达方式
18.分办的主要依据是文件的性质、重要程度、()等。
A.涉密程度
B.缓急时限要求
C.内容所涉及的职责范围
D.党和政府的方针政策
19.签收文件的工作由()完成。
A.专职外收发人员
B.兼职外收发人员
C.通讯人员
D.各机关的领导、负责人
三、不定项选择题
1.具有正式法定效用的文本有()。
A.正本 B.试行本
C.暂行本 D.修订本
2.用于对某一项行政工作作比较具体规定的规范性文件，称作()。
A.条例 B.规定
C.办法 D.决定
3.用于对下级机关布置工作，阐明工作活动的指导原则的领导指导性文件，称为()。
A.命令 B.指示
C.批复 D.通知
4.公文中的词语应()。
A.含义确切 B.韵味无穷
C.可圈可点 D.包彩丰富
5.下面说法正确的有()。
A.党政机关应在各自的系统内部发布文件
B.行政机关可直接向党的组织发布指令性文件
C.行政机关可直接向党的组织汇报工作
D.党政机关尽可能地增加联合发文
6.公文词语要求()。
A.选择最贴切，最能表情达意的
B.尽量使用同音调
C.使用口语词、歇后语，谚语
D.为反复强调、突出重点，大量用同意词
E.使文章新颖，可用方言词汇
7.维护公文的简明性易出的问题是()。
A.赘言泛滥，大量重复
B.语言含混、语义多歧
C.归类不准、文不对题
D.主题不明、离题万里
E.内容不全，挂一漏万
8.维护文件的高度严密性是指()。
A.公文的保密性
B.公文语言结构的严密
C.公文行文程序的严密
D.施行办法的严密
9.承办公文工作的依据主要是()。
A.有关法律、法规、制度
B.一部分群众的要求
C.上级领导做出的批示
D.上级领导传授的意图
英语自考试题
1.She _____ the film. She knows nothing about it.
A. can‘t see
B. can’t have seen
C. must see
D. mustn‘t have seen
2.Let‘s clean the classroom， _______?
A. won‘t you
B. shall we
C. do we
D. will not you
3.― Shall I tell John about it?
― No，you _____. I don‘t know his telephone number.
A. needn‘t
B. wouldn’t
C. mustn‘t
D. shouldn’t
4.Up to now there have been many explanations _______ the cause of sleepwalking.
A. in view of
B. in line with
C. apart from
D. as to
5.What you said reminds me _______ something I read a few days ago
A. for
B. by
C. from
D. of
6.My skirt looks similar _______ yours.
A. with
B. to
C. about
D. in
7.She took a spoonful and tasted it _______ it was hot.
A. in case
B. in case of
C. in the case of
D. in that case
8.Don‘t wait for me if you _______.
A. have a hurry
B. are in a hurry
C. have a speed
D. are in a speed
9.It‘s raining _______. We have to stay at home instead of going fishing.
A. badly
B. hardly
C. heavily
D. strongly
10.______ he speaks softly is no proof that he is kind.
A. Since
B. As
C. That
D. Because
11.Copernicus maintained that the earth ______ round the sun.
A. moves
B. moved
C. moving
D. move
12.He was very ______ to go，but he had no choice.
A. ready
B. willing
C. reluctant
D. hesitant
13.Two-thirds of his property ______ lost in the fire.
A. was
B. were
C. are
D. have been
14.Remember， nothing hurts concentration ______ reading too slowly.
A. rather than
B. as well as
C. more than
D. instead of
15.Many people have made a ______ to a physical fitness program so as to maintain good health.
A. decision
B. commitment
C. contribution
D. difference
16.Scientists could see many things that most people would ______ to see.
A. feel
B. fail
C. fall
D. fill
17.She passed the examination ______ she studied very little.
A. in spite of
B. despite
C. though
D. in that
18.The father wished the twins to be doctors， but ______ of them liked to study medicine.
A. both
B. neither
C. either
D. none
19.John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______ an elephant.
A. lifts
B. is lifting
C. lifted
D. could lift
20.The book was sold ______ 50 dollars.
A. in the price of
B. at the price of
C. with the price
D. of all the price in
1.要想真正起到宣传和教育的目的，通讯在写作时要求( B )
A. 主题突出 B. 针对性强 C. 打动人心 D. 感情强烈
2.采用简明、扼要的文字，迅速及时地报道人们所关注的、新鲜的、重要的关于人和事件情况的报道称为( B )
A. 通迅 B. 消息 C. 解说词 D. 通知
3.答辩状是被告人或被上诉人针对原告的起诉状或上诉状而制作的用以答复或辩驳的书面文书，因此在写作时要求( A )
A. 目的明确 B. 特色鲜明 C. 通俗易懂 D. 号召力强
4.选定目标是市场调查步骤中的( D )
A.第二步 B.最后一步C.中间一步 D.第一步
5.招标书的主体一般包括招标的项目、方法和( C )
A.步骤 B.目的 C.范围 D.根据
6.制定守则时，除了要把握大的方针政策，还要注意本地区、本单位、本行业特点，使制定的守则( D )
A. 具有知识性 B. 具有号召力 C. 条文简明 D. 内容可行
7.向上级机关、部门请求指示、批准的公文是(A )
A. 请示 B. 申请书 C. 申请执行书 D. 意向书
8.用概括的方法将会议的主要内容加以记录，称为( A )
A. 摘要记录法 B. 主观记录法 C. 简明记录法 D. 速记法
9.计划是对未来的规定，难免有预测不到的地方，因此，计划在写作时要求(A )
A. 留有余地 B. 实事求是 C. 模糊不清 D. 论证充分
7.签定合同的目的是写在经济合同书的( B )
A.开头 B.前言 C.主体 D.结尾
8.在标题中直接揭示广告的主要内容及意义的是( A )标题。
A.直接式 B.间接式 C.单一式 D.复合式
9.感谢信中称呼的写作格式是( B )
A.空两格 B.顶格 C.空四格 D.无要求
10.请柬表示对被邀请者的敬重，具有( B )
A.公关性 B.礼节性 C.相关性 D.严肃性
11.欢送词的开头应( A )
A.开门见山 B.含蓄 C.曲折 D.严谨
12.欢迎词和欢送词大多是在欢迎和欢送现场当面向来宾口头表达的，所以遣词造句具有特点( B )
A. 振振有词 B 多用口语 C. 号召力强 D. 说服力强
13.慰问信要较全面的概括慰问对象的可贵精神，并对其提出希望和祝愿，以勉励他们继续努力工作和奋斗，从而取得更大的成绩，因此慰问信写作时要求( A )
A. 感情真挚 B. 论证充分 C. 号召力强 D. 语气恳切
14.一般都因慰问对象成绩卓著、贡献突出，或遭受挫折、损失，或节假日坚持工作等原因才写慰问信以示慰问，因此慰问信具有( B )
A. 说服力 B. 具体性 C. 艺术性 D. 尝试性
15.通知常用于下行文，具有( A )
A.知晓性 B.地域性 C.权威性 D.时间性
16.意向书一般只在合作双方或多方初步接触、草签意向到签订正式的合同之时起作用，因此意向书具有
(A )
A. 临时性 B. 随意性 C. 论证性 D. 友好性
17.企业在开发或建设某一经济项目之前，必须全面、客观地分析、论证该项目实施的可行性、所能获得的经济效益，以避免建设的盲目性和不必要的经济损失，因此需要书写( A)
A. 经济项目可行性研究报告 B. 意向书 C. 总结 D. 经济合同书
18.选择一定数量的专家，用系统的程序，采取不记名和反复进行的.方式，轮番征询不同专家的预测意见，经过征询、反馈，再征询、反馈，使专家的意见逐步趋于一致，从而得出一个比较一致的结果，这种市场预测调查的方法称为( B )
A. 专家意见法 B. 集合意见法 C. 因果法 D. 实验法
19.消息报道要快，具有( B )
A.全面性 B.时效性 C.灵活性 D.针对性
20.陈述事件来龙去脉，记叙人物的活动、经历、行为的一种表达方式是(B )
A. 说明 B. 叙述 C. 解释 D. 归纳
21.材料具有多义性，提炼主旨时，应把材料本身的特点与解决具体问题的实际需要结合起来，对材料进行(A )
A. 对比筛选 B. 规范格式 C. 充分论证 D. 修改润色
22.个人的智慧是有限的，认识问题也往往有所局限，这要求立意应( C )
A. 尽量模糊 B. 选准角度 C. 集思广益 D. 慎重考虑
二、多项选择题
23.申请执行书的特点主要有(ABCDE )
A. 陈述全面周详 B. 理由充分 C. 要求明确 D. 格式规范、要素齐全 E. 愿望强烈
24.通知的特点主要有( ABDE )
A. 周知性 B. 权威性 C. 情感性 D. 时效性 E. 广泛性
25.市场预测报告主体的内容一般包括( ABE )
A.情况介绍 B.前景预测 C.范围 D.目的 E.建议
26.经济项目可行性研究报告的作用主要表现为( BCDE )
A. 为企业筹措资金提供依据 B. 为有关部门的审批提供重要依据 C. 为企业确保产品质量、
提高经济效益提供保障 D. 为经济部门和企业领导提供建设项目的决策依据，避免决策失误 E. 为有关部门和企业签订协议提供依据
27.要做到立意深刻，主要应做到( ACD )
A. 紧抓矛盾关键环节 B. 不落俗套，应与众不同 C. 揭示客观事物的深层本质 D. 阐明事物之间的必然联系 E. 尽量不采用他人意见
三、简答题：
28.市场调查报告的写作要求有哪些?
要点：(1)格式必须严整，特别要注意防人添改;(2)钱和物的数字必须大写;(3)数字前不能留空格，写完后腰加上“整”字和句号，接着写“此据”和句号。
29.市场活动分析的方法主要有哪些?
要点：开头写作时或开门见山，或交代背景，或提示内容，或从生活中的事例和切身体会入题，或用设问激发听众思考，或引用名言警句来点出讲话内容等等。
30.产品说明书的含义是什么?
要点：产品说明书是以方便消费者或用户使用为目的，用浅显、简明、准确的语言，介绍产品的性能及使用方法的应用文。
31.签订合同必须遵循的原则和要求有哪些?
要点：(1)要做好写作前的准备：制定分析计划，明确目的要求;收集资料，掌握一手数据;计算经济效果，进行分析研究。(2)分析研究要方法对头。主要采用以下方法：对比分析、因素分析、动态分析等。
(3)具体写作时候要按照基本情况、数据与分析、结果陈述、针对性意见的思路展开。要实事求是。
32简讯有哪些类型?
要点：简讯即新闻，它的类型有动态新闻、综合新闻、经验新闻、述评新闻。
33.撰写可行性研究报告必须遵循的要求是什么?
要点：(1)“简练”要做到简而在内容上不遗不漏;(2)说理透辟，不冗长又言能及义;(3)根据实际需要，做到“四不写”：与基本观点没有直接关系的不写，周所众知的大道理不写，对方已了解或不需要了解的不写，对方没有异议的不写。
四、综合写作题
1、宜宾某电力公司与浙江某变压器公司经过协商，欲购买两台××型号的变压器两台，每台价格××万元，要求对方两个月内将产品送到宜宾市火车站，运费由对方负担，产品在一年内实行“三包”，收货时按装箱单验收，对方应负责免费安装;付给对方××万元预付款，合同生效，余款交货时一次付清。详细技术
参数要求达成了一个技术协议作为合同补充。请依据上述情况拟写一份经济合同，未提及部分可适当扩充，题目自拟，字数要求200字以上。
2、请你为你所熟悉的部门或你个人拟写一份2012上半年的工作总结，题目自拟，字数要求600字以上。
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★ 自考英语写作
