确定最优做题顺序要考虑的原则

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确定最优做题顺序要考虑的原则

篇1:确定最优做题顺序要考虑的原则

首先,在假定题目无法100%做完的情况下,必须优先做完自己平时训练时候正确率最高,相对最擅长的部分,

其次,在时间紧迫,且题目难度差异较大的情况下,必须优先用尽可能少的时间快速做完相对难度较小的`题目,为以后相对的难的题目赢得时间。

再次,考虑评分的权重,行政能力测试140道题目100分,

一个比较合理的评分标准是根据每个部分题目难度的差异赋予不同权重。高难度的类型的题目赋予的分值高,难度较低的赋予较低的分值。

比较公认的是资料分析和演绎理解题目是含金量较高的题目,而常识判断、类比推理是含金量较低的题目。

篇2:如何确定最优做题顺序的程序

1.一般来说,整个行政能力测试的试卷中,常识和类比推理部分是公认难度较低的部分,因此,此部分一般应该优先考虑在短时间内快速做完。

2.做题的第二阶段,优先考虑难度中等、既包含简单数学计算的又含有大量严于阅读的题目,即同时参考分值的权重安排一下做题顺序:逻辑推理、定义判断、资料分析。

3.考虑到每个人的智力模式不同,有的.对数字逻辑特别敏感,有的则有很强语言能力天赋,

因此,考生要根据平时的训练,找出自己究竟擅长数量关系部分,还是擅长演与理解部分。对于擅长语言的考生,言语表达必须放在数量关系与图形推理前面完成。对于擅长数学、逻辑能力强的考生,则必须把数量关系和图形推理放在言语理解前面。

4.每个考生可以根据平时对每一部分做题的正确率和花费时间的多少重新校正以上的做题顺序,并充分照顾到自己平时的做题习惯。否则,在紧张慌乱的考场中,不按试卷试题排列顺序做题切违反了自己平时的做题习惯,很容易因为意外的负担造成适得其反结果。

篇3:确定最优做题顺序的程序

确定最优做题顺序的程序

一、确定最优做题顺序要考虑的原则

首先,在假定题目无法100%做完的情况下,必须优先做完自己平时训练时候正确率最高,相对最擅长的部分,

其次,在时间紧迫,且题目难度差异较大的情况下,必须优先用尽可能少的时间快速做完相对难度较小的题目,为以后相对的难的题目赢得时间。

再次,考虑评分的.权重,行政能力测试140道题目100分。一个比较合理的评分标准是根据每个部分题目难度的差异赋予不同权重。高难度的类型的题目赋予的分值高,难度较低的赋予较低的分值。

比较公认的是资料分析和演绎理解题目是含金量较高的题目,而常识判断、类比推理是含金量较低的题目。

二、确定最优做题顺序的程序

1.一般来说,整个行政能力测试的试卷中,常识和类比推理部分是公认难度较低的部分。因此,此部分一般应该优先考虑在短时间内快速做完,

2.做题的第二阶段,优先考虑难度中等、既包含简单数学计算的又含有大量严于阅读的题目,即同时参考分值的权重安排一下做题顺序:逻辑推理、定义判断、资料分析。

3.考虑到每个人的智力模式不同,有的对数字逻辑特别敏感,有的则有很强语言能力天赋。因此,考生要根据平时的训练,找出自己究竟擅长数量关系部分,还是擅长演与理解部分。对于擅长语言的考生,言语表达必须放在数量关系与图形推理前面完成。对于擅长数学、逻辑能力强的考生,则必须把数量关系和图形推理放在言语理解前面。

4.每个考生可以根据平时对每一部分做题的正确率和花费时间的多少重新校正以上的做题顺序,并充分照顾到自己平时的做题习惯。否则,在紧张慌乱的考场中,不按试卷试题排列顺序做题切违反了自己平时的做题习惯,很容易因为意外的负担造成适得其反结果。

篇4:雅思阅读考试第一步--确定做题顺序

雅思阅读考试第一步--确定做题顺序

一、首先决定要以什么样的顺序做题。真正的雅思考试并不是想象中的由易到难,很有可能一开始的文章就很难。设想,如果用30分钟先解决一道难题,再用剩下的30分钟去完成两道简单的题目,效果注定不好!试举剑桥4中TEST 2 为例,三篇文章分别 “lost for words”, “alternative medicine in Australia”, “play is a serious business”.乍一看第三篇文章题目是最简单的,实际上它反而是最难的。

二、题型决定做题顺序,而不是题目。“lost for words”题型分别是:summary, 人名理论matching, yes/no/not given. “alternative medicine in Australia”题型分别是:multiple choices, yes/no/not given, 填空题. “play is a serious business”题型分别是:信息段落配对,多选多,人名理论配对。初步分析题型后还可以细化,理清做题思路。第一篇文章难度适中,summary 属主旨类型题建议先做,同时可以把人名全部找到以节省时间。

matching题中出现五对五配对还有NB。第二篇文章题目虽难但是引言部分交待很清楚,属简单的题目。填空题实属数字游戏,整篇文章完全按顺序出题。第三篇文章难度系数较大,信息段落配对难把握,之后的人名理论配对干扰选项过多,从一开始相当于八选一。这样分析下来,我们的做题顺序应该是“Passage 2/1/3”。

三、掌握技巧,灵活运用。题型没有绝对的难易之分,对其他考生难也许对你反而容易,要结合自己的实际情况。可以先做送分题“表格填空,图形题,完成句子”。在五大主流题型中,配对题比较费时,其中信息和段落配对最花时间,建议放在最后。而作为主旨的heading 和summary 可考虑先做,因为完成主旨题型后文章大致的内容和结构都可以掌握,对于细节题的定位会方便很多。

雅思考试像是一场战斗,应该灵活运用作战的策略和方法,后期更需要成套的阅读训练。如果能够运用这些提高效率节省时间的方法,有助于学生信心的塑造和雅思分数的提高。

雅思阅读模拟练习及答案

1. The failure of a high-profile cholesterol drug has thrown a spotlight on the complicated machinery that regulates cholesterol levels. But many researchers remain confident that drugs to boost levels of ’good’ cholesterol are still one of the most promising means to combat spiralling heart disease.

2. Drug company Pfizer announced on 2 December that it was cancelling all clinical trials of torcetrapib, a drug designed to raise heart-protective high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)。 In a trial of 15000 patients, a safety board found that more people died or suffered cardiovascular problems after taking the drug plus a cholesterol-lowering statin than those in a control group who took the statin alone.

3. The news came as a kick in the teeth to many cardiologists because earlier tests in animals and people suggested it would lower rates of cardiovascular disease. “There have been no red flags to my knowledge,” says John Chapman, a specialist in lipoproteins and atherosclerosis at the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) in Paris who has also studied torcetrapib. “This cancellation came as a complete shock.”

4. Torcetrapib is one of the most advanced of a new breed of drugs designed to raise levels of HDLs, which ferry cholesterol out of artery-clogging plaques to the liver for removal from the body. Specifically, torcetrapib blocks a protein called cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), which normally transfers the cholesterol from high-density lipoproteins to low density, plaque-promoting ones. Statins, in contrast, mainly work by lowering the ’bad’ low-density lipoproteins.

Under pressure

5. Researchers are now trying to work out why and how the drug backfired, something that will not become clear until the clinical details are released by Pfizer. One hint lies in evidence from earlier trials that it slightly raises blood pressure in some patients. It was thought that this mild problem would be offset by the heart benefits of the drug. But it is possible that it actually proved fatal in some patients who already suffered high blood pressure. If blood pressure is the explanation, it would actually be good news for drug developers because it suggests that the problems are specific to this compound. Other prototype drugs that are being developed to block CETP work in a slightly different way and might not suffer the same downfall.

6. But it is also possible that the whole idea of blocking CETP is flawed, says Moti Kashyap, who directs atherosclerosis research at the VA Medical Center in Long Beach, California. When HDLs excrete cholesterol in the liver, they actually rely on LDLs for part of this process. So inhibiting CETP, which prevents the transfer of cholesterol from HDL to LDL, might actually cause an abnormal and irreversible accumulation of cholesterol in the body. “You’re blocking a physiologic mechanism to eliminate cholesterol and effectively constipating the pathway,” says Kashyap.

Going up

7. Most researchers remain confident that elevating high density lipoproteins levels by one means or another is one of the best routes for helping heart disease patients. But HDLs are complex and not entirely understood. One approved drug, called niacin, is known to both raise HDL and reduce cardiovascular risk but also causes an unpleasant sensation of heat and tingling. Researchers are exploring whether they can bypass this side effect and whether niacin can lower disease risk more than statins alone. Scientists are also working on several other means to bump up high-density lipoproteins by, for example, introducing synthetic HDLs. “The only thing we know is dead in the water is torcetrapib, not the whole idea of raising HDL,” says Michael Miller, director of preventive cardiology at the University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore.

Questions 1-7

This passage has 7 paragraphs 1-7.

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number i-ix in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i. How does torcetrapib work?

ii. Contradictory result prior to the current trial

iii. One failure may possibly bring about future success

iv. The failure doesn’t lead to total loss of confidence

v. It is the right route to follow

vi. Why it’s stopped

vii. They may combine and theoretically produce ideal result

viii. What’s wrong with the drug

ix. It might be wrong at the first place

Questions 7-13

Match torcetrapib,HDLs,statin and CETP with their functions (Questions 8-13)。。

Write the correct letter A, B, C or D in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

7.It has been administered to over 10,000 subjects in a clinical trial.

8.It could help rid human body of cholesterol.

9.Researchers are yet to find more about it.

10. It was used to reduce the level of cholesterol.

11. According to Kashyap, it might lead to unwanted result if it’s blocked.

12. It produced contradictory results in different trials.

13. It could inhibit LDLs.

List of choices

A. Torcetrapic

B. HDLS

C. Statin

D. CETP

(by Zhou Hong)

Suggested Answers and Explanations

1. vi

2. ii

3. vii 本段介绍了torcetrapib和statin的治病原理,但是同时短语“in contrast”与之前第二段后半段的内容呼应,暗示了这两种药在理论上能相辅相成,是理想的搭配。第一个选项无法涵盖整段意义,故选择i是错误的。

4. iii 本段分析了可能导致torcetrapibl临床试验失败的原因,后半段指出如果以上推测正确,那么未来的药物可借鉴这个试验,设法避免torcetrapib的缺陷,研制出有效的药物。viii选项无法涵盖后半段的意思。

5. ix 见首句。

6. v

7. A 见第二段。题目中administer一词意为“用药”,subject一词为“实验对象”之意。

8. B 见第四段“… to raise levels of HDLs, which ferry cholesterol out of artery- clogging plaques to the liver for removal from the body.”即HDLs的作用最终是将 choleserol清除出人体:“… for removal from the body”。

9. B 见第四段“But HDLs are complex and not entirely understood.”

10. C 见第二段“… plus a cholesterol-lowering statin”,即statin是可以降低cholesterol的。

11. D 见第六段 “So inhibiting CETP, … might actually cause an abnormal and irreversible accumulation of cholesterol in the body.

12. A 见第三段。

13. C 见第四段“Statins, in contrast, mainly work by lowering the ’bad’ low-density lipoproteins

雅思阅读模拟练习及答案

Rogue theory of smell gets a boost

1. A controversial theory of how we smell, which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics, has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.

2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.

3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.

4. “This is a big step forward,” says Turin, who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory, “it has been ignored rather than criticized.”

5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules, which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.

6. But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly, some molecules can smell different — to animals, if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。

7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape, but by its vibrations, which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.

8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism, says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team, is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.

9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. “The question is whether this is possible in the nose,” says Stoneham’s colleague, Andrew Horsfield.

10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea, while Turin was himself based at UCL, “I didn’t believe it”。 But, he adds, “because it was an interesting idea, I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations, and only then began to feel Luca could be right.” Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly, in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.

11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known, but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.

12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.

13. But Horsfield stresses that that’s different from a proof of Turin’s idea. “So far things look plausible, but we need proper experimental verification. We’re beginning to think about what experiments could be performed.”

14. Meanwhile, Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. “At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations,” he says. “Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition.” At the very least, he is putting his money where his nose is.

Questions 1-4

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

1. The result of the study at UCL agrees with Turin’s theory.

2. The study at UCL could conclusively prove what Luca Turin has hypothesized.

3. Turin left his post at UCL and started his own business because his theory was ignored.

4. The molecules of alcohols and those of thiols look alike.

Questions 5-9

Complete the sentences below with words from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

5. The hypothesis that we smell by sensing the molecular vibration was made by ______.

6. Turin’s company is based in ______.

7. Most scientists believed that our nose works in the same way as our ______.

8. Different isotopes can smell different when ______ weigh differently.

9. According to Audrew Horsfield, it is still to be proved that ______ could really occur in human nose.

Question 10-12

Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

10. What’s the name of the researcher who collaborated with Stoneham?

11. What is the next step of the UCL team’s study?

12. What is the theoretical basis in designing odorants in Turin’s company?

(by Zhou Hong)

Answer Keys and Explanations

1. T 见第一段。“give sth the thumbs up”为“接受“的意思。

2. F 见第三段。 “That’s still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid- 1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct.”意即“现在尚无法证实生物物理学家Luca在九十年代中期提出的理论是否正确。”

3. NG

4. T 见第六段 “Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs.”“identical” 一词是“完全相同”的意思。这句话是说alcohols和thiols的分子结构看起来一样,但是它们的味道却相去甚远。

5. Luca Turin 文章第二,三和七段均可看出Luca的理论即人类的鼻子是通过感觉气味分子的震动来分辨气味的。

6. Virginia 见第四段。

7. tongue 见第五段 “This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.”

8. the atoms 见第八段 “This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier.”

9. vibration-assisted electron tunneling 见第九段 ““The question is whether this is possible in the nose,” says Stoneham’s colleague, Andrew Horsfield.” 句中的代词“this”指句首的“vibration-assisted electron tunneling”。

10. Andrew Horsfield 见第九段结尾。

11.proper experimental verification 见第十三段。

12.their computed vibrations 见第十四段

篇5:考研最后一个月冲刺巧把关 确定做题顺序

考研最后一个月冲刺巧把关 确定做题顺序

现阶段的数学复习应该是把重点放在记忆考点和理解考点上了,掌握做题的方法技巧,做些真题,我个人认为真题永远是最好的辅导资料,所以一定不要刚开始复习就草率地做完,一般而言,经过详细系统复习的人,大多做真题信心比较足。考研本身也是一个人综合素质的测定,一个系统工程。一定要耐得住性子,注重基础,着力于思维的锻炼,它对于成绩的提高是整体性的,也是最可靠的途经。

现在主要的是全面复习,把书读薄。猜题的复习方法对付考研是靠不住的,应该参照考试大纲,全面复习,不留任何遗漏。从历年试卷的内容分布上可以看出,凡是考试大纲中提及的内容,都可能考到,甚至某些不太重要的内容,在某一年可以在大题中出现,如数学一中,不但第三题是一道纯粹的解析几何题,而且还有两道题是与线性代数结合考了解析几何的内容。全面复习就是要抓住问题的实质和内容,运用方法及本质的联系,把记忆性的东西缩小到最小程度,(要努力使自已理解所学知识,多抓问题联系实际,少记一些死知识), 而且,不记则已,记住了就要牢靠,事实证明,有些记忆是终生不忘的,而其它的知识又可以在记住基本知识的基础上,运用它们的联系而得到。在考试大纲的要求中,对内容有理解,了解,知道三个层次的要求;对方法有掌握,会(能)两个层次的要求,一般地说,要求理解的内容,要求掌握的方法,是考试的重点.在历年考试中,这方面考题出现的概率较大;在同一份试卷中,这方面试题所占有的分数也较多.

另一方面是要突出重点,精益求精。突出重点,就是要在主要内容和方法上多下功夫,去寻找重点内容与次要内容间的联系,用重点内容担挈整个内容.主要内容理解透了,其它的内容和方法迎刃而解.即抓主要内容不是放弃次要内容而孤立主要内容,而是从分析各内容的联系,从比较中自然地突出主要内容.如微分中值定理,有罗尔定理,拉格朗日定理,柯西定理和泰勒公式.由于罗尔定理是拉格朗日定理的特殊情况,而柯西定理和泰勒公式又是拉格朗日定理的推广.比较这些关系,便自然得到拉格朗日定理是核心,这个定理搞深搞透,并从联系中掌握好其它几个定理,而在考试大纲中,罗尔定理与拉格朗日定理都是要求理解的内容,都是考试重点,我们更突出拉氏定理,可谓是精益求精.

我呢总结出了一些方法与技巧,希望对大家有帮助:

1.确定做题顺序。在做题顺序上可以采用填空、计算、选择、证明的顺序。因为选择题的分数要相对的少一些,但他们一般对基础知识要求较高,选项迷惑性大有时需要花好多时间去分析也难以取舍,而且有些选择题的计算量也是很大的,如果在开始做题时就感觉不顺手花的时间太长,这样会影响考试情绪。证明题考的是严密的逻辑推理,难度也比较大。我认为把这两道题放在最后做比较好,开始先做简单的。在考试时,先通观整个试题,明确哪些分数是必得的。哪些是可能得到的,哪些是根本得不到的,再采取不同的对应方式,才能镇定自如,进退有据,最终从总体上获胜。

2. 做选择题的时候,可以巧妙的运用图示法和赋值法。这两种方法很有效。平时用得人很多,考试时尽量不要留有空白,就算是不会的题也要写一些相关的内容得一点“步骤分”。

3. 要保持卷面的整洁和美观,以获得“印象分”。

4.考场要宝保持良好的`心态。不要把自己弄的特别的紧张,就把他当作是一次很平常的考试去对待。

5.临考前最好不要是天天抱着类似《考前冲刺》之类的书看,把以前的吃透掌握就行了。我就是在临考试时把以前看的例如陈文灯的书,黑博士的高分复习成功指南,龚冬保的考研数学典型题,还有《考研狙击手系列》等再粗略的翻了一遍,因为时间不允许。每本书都有自己的解题方法和思路,吃透几本就行了,多了反而不好。

6.考试时思想一定要放松,情绪要平静下来,尤其是当见到一些平时没有见到的题目时,千万要镇定,不要乱了方寸。把有把握的一定要作对,考试时做到“分分计较,每分必争”。

7.在考场上合理分配时间。按由难到易的程序,一般刚开始题都比较简单,后面的越来就越难了。自己可以根据自己的实际情况来定。

篇6:报考大学,家长要考虑的五大因素和顺序

报考大学,家长要考虑的五大因素和顺序

DD以财经院校为例来做说明

本来是周末休息,可朋友的孩子今年高考,马上要报自愿了,要我帮着出出主意,这一上午就是两拨现场答疑,还有电话里远程咨询。几轮交谈下来,觉得社会上还真有这方面需求,毕竟我这是在大学的院里呆了三十多年,琢磨这报考的事儿算是挺在行的,听了我的说明后,这见过面的家长和学生大多觉得还是挺有用的,“深受启发”倒不敢当,但多了个参考是起码的。与此同时,也感觉到总把时间用在这种咨询上,重复地讲,真还有些应付不过来,那就干脆把我的想法写出来,给有孩子报考大学且愿意向我提问的人们垫个底吧!人家杜甫老先生大庇天下寒士,用的是意向中的广厦,我无广厦,面对的也不是寒士,就奉献一篇小文吧。考大学得琢磨点啥问题?说得文气点,得考虑哪些因素?我这么些年总给人家当参谋,觉得有至少得有五个方面呢,下面就一一道来,是按照我认定的重要程度为序。第一个因素首先是孩子要学习的领域。将来这孩子想做什么,得有个大概的选择,是搞工程还是去行医?是当律师还是鼓捣财经?是喜欢文学还是偏好艺术?当然从大道理上讲,所学专业也不一定就都跟将来的职业挂钩,也有不少年轻人志存高远,只是想在大学里充实提高自己,念个哲学啊、数学啊什么的也并不错。只是中国现在还处于这么个发展的初级阶段,多数学生的“大学所学”和“将来所业”还得有相当的联系,因而学习领域的选择还挺重要的。不过请注意,我这里说的是领域,还没说到具体的专业,可以说是先要考虑“专业群”。如果孩子自己没有什么主见,那家长倒是可以跟着掺乎掺乎,我的第一个建议是:所选的学习领域最好是宽一点,这样将来回旋的余地能大一些。我在财经院校呆的时间长,可能是专业偏好吧,总觉得在财经领域里学习就挺好的,将来无论是在学界、政界,还是商界,都可以施展才华。年轻人改主意快,如果他们职业兴趣变了,进退转都比较方便些。专业太窄了不大好,孩子还在成长过程中,这将来从事的职业还说不一定呢,一下子就定死了,将来再变动起来就特费劲,转行的各方面成本都特别高,人生苦短,哪里有那么多时间容我们来回折腾?举个极端的例子,你现在对波斯语感兴趣,非要学它不可,可这语言已经“死”了,在现实中用处不大,将来毕业后可以去工作的地儿不多,要选它,就得事先想妥了,一旦走进去,就等于进了大峡谷,等走到一半时再后悔,那就不好办了,退出与继续前进的成本可是差不多,等于做了过河小卒,到时候恐怕只有拼命向前了。当然专业也别太宽了,宽到了没什么边的程度,也是很麻烦。比如,除非就是特别感兴趣,喜欢思辨,有其特长,否则就别去学像哲学这一类的专业。哲学是无处不在、无时不有的,是人生的学问,是最大的学问,是最有用的学问,可也正是由于这一点,反而使许多人感觉哲学很空,看不见摸不着的。在一些的人眼里,特别是在搞技术、搞工程这些摆弄真枪实弹的人眼里,学哲学真跟什么都没学差不太多,大伙肯定还记着《围城》里赵辛楣讽刺方鸿渐的这句话吧?钱钟书老先生洞察世事人情,借书中人物把话说得很实在,我们可是不能不三思而后行。专业太宽了,一般人觉得你好像没学过什么,那也是个麻烦,没有多少可识别性,就难以得到社会的认同。我想劝家长的是,如果孩子自己有特别强烈的专业意向,就最好不要强迫孩子按“大人”的想法来,一是你的想法不一定对,再一是即使你对了,强制性地去要求孩子做,效果也不一定好。正像现如今孩子搞对象你不能强迫人家一样,这读书其实也是如此,非得让孩子读个他(她)不喜欢甚至讨厌的专业,结果可能是会是灾难性的,弄得孩子根本读不进去,有的最后还是转向了自己所要走的路,或者是考研时转专业,或者是要求转学,有的还会要求退学重考;还有的在所考中的学校里将就着,但对所在的专业根本不上心,只去读自己所感兴趣的书,名不符实地出了校门;最惨的是,把孩子学习的劲头给伤着了,什么都不愿意学了,只是混上个四年了事儿。接下来的第二个因素,是孩子的学习时间长度。孩子这书准备读学多长时间,或者说,是孩子学习的计划,再大点说,就是学习上的志向,这孩子打算学到哪一步?是学士、硕士,还是博士?这对选择所学专业挺主要的,如果孩子学习的时间长,那本科时就要打基础,所选的专业就可以不那么专。比如将来想读经济管理类的博士,那本科时就可以选择读经济学,或者读数学,而不是一下子就去搞金融啊、会计啊这样的专业。这经济学对搞管理的人来说,就像物理学对搞工程的人一样,基础作用很实在,本科时打一个好的底子很重要。那么为什么说还可以选数学呢?国人中有不少人对经济管理有一个误解,以为这经济管理是读文科,或者进一步说,是读社会科学,数学好不好不要紧。其实现代经济管理所用的数学并不少,有的专业用得比工程还多呢,而且经济管理要面对的往往是随机现象,用到概率论和数理统计可以会更多一些。现在国内的大学里,数学教材其实多是适用于工程专业的,那是五十年代工程建设得多,大学专业也是以工程技术为主,就造成了这一格局,这么些年,教材中的这一偏向并没有改过来。现在中央财经大学经搞了经济学试验班,用的是国外知名大学经济系的数学教材,英文原版的,就是为了弥补这一缺陷。有的家长说,我孩子将来并不想搞学问,干嘛要读博士啊?这也是一个认识误区,以为读博士就是得去搞学问,其实现代社会发展了,搞实业的人,特别是实业中的高层人士,读博士出来的正经不少呢,就是国家机关现在招收公务员,博士去考且考中的也不少啊,知识经济时代,各行各业都需要高层次人才,商界和政界也需要博士的,只读到硕士,将来的竞争力恐怕有些不够呢,即使是女孩子,也得想法多读点书。还有一点,读书还是一气呵成的好,等到以后在职场感觉到了压力,再回过头来补课,所花费的代价可是要大得多。我们都还能想起当年恢复高考时的情形,不少年轻人及其家庭面临着一种选择:一是在工厂工作,有钱挣;再一是去读书,听着不错,可还得家里仪。当时很多人并没有感觉到读书这条路特别地优越,可二十年后,当年上班的有不少下岗了,而选择去上学的人呢?总体发展相对要好不少。历史的教训摆在那里,当年是上不上大学的比较,现在和将来可能就是这大学上到什么层次的比较了,所以这学位读到什么程度还是现在就需要好好拈量的,不同的人生规划,会影响到以后的实际结果,凡事预则立嘛!至于有的孩子因各种条件所限,就是只想读个本科然后去工作了,那就得考虑四年后谋职的事儿。以学财经为例,那专业的选择就得比较“微观”一点,就是说,离经济学啊数学啊远一点,而是在经济管理类里面,特别寻一些就业相对容易的专业来读,到时候一下子就能跟用人岗位对接上,像保险、税务、经济新闻等等。选择中第三个因素要考虑的是孩子有没有出国学习的打算?是否出国这一点对报考学校的选择也很重要,如果说一定要有一个出国学习的经历,那么就得为这个做准备,看看哪些学校的毕业生(甚至在校生)出国学习的机会多,这是选定学校前要考虑的重要因素。现在国内大学纷纷跟国外大学搞合作办学,有的在本科时就有交换学生项目,去欧洲、去美国的都有,本科时有了到国外游学的经历,半年也好,一年也好,将来报读国外的研究生就相对容易些,国外大学对这种经历比较感兴趣,如果在所交换学校的学习表现不错,那就更容易被他们所接受,相比来说,外国学校对他们自己的学校信任度较高,而对中国大学了解的程度仍然不够,所以更愿意用他们国家学校的评价来鉴别申请者。现在还有不少高校跟国外院校搞所谓双学位项目,同样是四年时间,两年时间在国内大学,两年时间在国外合作院校,因为事先对所学课程进行了沟通和调整,国内两年所学课程是国外合作院校所认可的,于是这四年时间就可以拿到两个本科文凭,两个学士学位证书,对于有经济条件和学习能力的孩子来说,是一个不错的选择。这种双学位项目的好处还不止于本科阶段,一般来说,在国外大学拿到了本科的文凭,下一步申请读硕士,就更容易了,甚至比国内的知名院校还容易,因为我们大学现在的知名度多数还局限于国内,一到了国外,就不如人家自己的院校知名了。这里,东北财经大学国际商学院是一个很典型的例子,他们从一九九七年就开始这种国际合作的尝试,现在已有六个国家十多所院校的双学位项目,其中跟加拿大西安大略大学休伦学院、德国美茵兹大学、英国萨里大学、澳大利亚科廷大学、日本立命馆大学的合作都很成功,这在学院网站上有专门介绍,可以作为了解这类办学项目的一个窗口。也有的家长很聪明,他的孩子即便不打算出国,也特别注意学校的开放办学态势,他们知道现在我们教育的开放的必要性,知道怎样更多地从这开放中为孩子们争得利益。这三个因素都考虑过了,第四个因素才好来考虑对学校的选择。一般人都是上来就问怎么选学校,把选学校当作了第一个因素,其实得把上面三个因素都考虑好了,来选择学校才会更靠谱。一个基本的原则是:填报哪个学校要挑选这个学校的主打专业,看这个学校是靠什么支撑的。比如,到中央财经大学,就尽量读金融、会计和财政,因为这三个专业在中央财大是一直都很强的学科,而想去对外经贸大学,就最好去读国际贸易专业。一个大忌讳是重学校名声而轻专业水准,有了个名气好一些的学校,即使是去读相对比较弱的专业也愿意,以学校而不是其优势专业为要,可能在外人面前脸上有光,其实这并不是在占便宜。这里有一个重要的考虑就是别把学校看成一个整体,而要对学校进行专业的分析,强中有弱,弱中有强,你所要选的是强,不仅学校要强,专业更要强。有的人说,学习的氛围很重要,跟什么人在一起学习很重要,这一般来说是对的,但可能会存在强学校中弱专业与弱学校中强专业的比较,这需要家长和学生认真地分析,弱学校的这个弱,是不是弱到了影响它强专业发展的份上,而强学校的这种强,是不是强到了足以拉动弱

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