下面就是小编整理的美国历届总统简介：第19任总统 陆斯佛得?比察?海斯（共含5篇），希望大家喜欢。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“山有小口”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Ohio in 1822. He was the 19th President of the United States. He studied at Harvard Law School and then worked as a lawyer for five years. In 1850, he moved to Cincinnati, where he flourished as a young Whig lawyer. He gained a healthy political reputation for defending fugitive slaves and was nominated for several senior legal positions.
1822年，陆斯佛得·比察·海斯出生于俄亥俄州。他是美国第19任总统。他曾就读于哈佛法学院，之后做了五年的律师。1850年，他搬到了辛辛那提，在那里他成长成为了一名年轻的辉格党律师。因反对奴隶制度而赢得了良好的政治声誉，这让他提名了许多法律要员。
He fought in the Civil War, was wounded in action five times. He earned a reputation for bravery and rose to the rank of major general. While still in the Army, Cincinnati Republicans ran him for the House of Representatives. He accepted the nomination and was elected by a heavy majority. Hayes entered Congress in December 1865. Between 1867 and 1876 he served three terms as Governor of Ohio.
他参加了内战，并受伤了5次。他赢得了英勇的称号，并晋升为了少将。在军队期间，辛辛那提的共和党人让他竞选众议院议员。他接受了提名，并以绝对优势选举。1865年，海斯进入了国会。1867-1876年之间，他担任了三届俄亥俄州州长。
In 1876, Hayes ran against Samuel J. Tilden in the closest election race in U.S. history. Disputes over the vote counting meant that if all the disputed votes went to Hayes, he would win; a single one would electTilden. Hayes was elected days before inauguration day after a compromise with the Democrats that he wouldremove all federal troops from the South. The final electoral vote was 185 to 184.
1876年，海斯与塞缪尔·蒂尔登进行了一场美国历史上实力最为接近的选举。这场唱票之争意味着如果所有的争议投票归海斯所有，那么他将获胜；有一票是投给蒂尔登的。选举之后的几天之后，海斯进行了就职演说，在这之前他向民主党进行了妥协，移除了在南方的所有联邦军队。最终的投票结果是185比184。
Hayes pledged protection of the rights of black slaves in the South. He hoped the withdrawal of troops there would lead to reconciliation. Many Southern leaders approved of Hayes’ economic policies and financialconservatism. He reformed the civil service and saw the beginning of an era of greater prosperity. He leftoffice in 1881 and died of a heart attack at his home in January 1893, aged 70.
海斯承诺保护南方黑人奴隶的权利。他希望退军能够促成和解。许多南方的领导人赞成海斯的经济政策和财政保护主义。他重新改革了公务员制度，美国开启了繁荣的新时代。1881年。海斯离任，1893年，在家中死于心脏病，享年70岁。
George Washington was the first President of the USA and is consistently voted as one its top five leaders. He was born in 1732 in Virginia. His family were well off and owned a plantation. Growing up, he learned the morals, manners, and knowledge necessary for an 18th-century Virginia gentleman. He was greatly interested in two things while he grew up: military arts and western expansion.
乔治·华盛顿是美国的第一届总统，同时也是美国的五大领袖之一。他于1732年出生在弗吉尼亚州一户拥有种植园的富裕家庭。随着年龄的增长，他学会了18世纪弗吉尼亚绅士的道德、礼貌、以及学识。在他的成长中，他对两件事特别感兴趣：军事艺术和西方殖民扩张。
In 1754, at the age of 22, he became a lieutenant colonel in the Army. He fought in the first skirmishes of what grew into the French and Indian War. The following year he escaped injury in battle although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him. His military experience taught him valuable lessons in leadership he would use later in his political life.
1754年，22岁的华盛顿成为了美国陆军中校。他参加了法国和印度之战的导火线。在接下来的一年里，尽管4颗子弹穿过他的上衣、2匹坐下的战马被子弹打死，而他却安然无恙。从军给了他领导方面的宝贵经验，这让他在日后的政治生涯中受益匪浅。
From 1759 to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Washington managed his lands. He married Martha Dandridge Custis and devoted himself to farming life. However, he felt exploited by British merchants and British regulations. In 1775, he took command of his ill-trained troops and embarked upon a war that was to last six grueling years. He forced the surrender of the British at Yorktown in 1781.
1759年至美国独立战争爆发期间，华盛顿经营着自己的农场。他与玛莎·丹德里奇·柯蒂斯结为了夫妇，并全身心投入到农耕生活中。然而，他体会到了英国商人及英国制度的剥削。1775年，他带领一支缺乏训练的队伍开始了长达6年的艰苦战役。1781年，他迫使英国人在约克镇投降。
Washington entered politics and became a prime mover in the steps leading to creating the Constitution in 1787. After the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected him as the USA's first President. Washington avoided further wars and promoted the importance of federal power. He died in 1799 and was hailed as “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen”.
1787年，华盛顿进入政坛，并成为创建美国宪法的主要发起人。新宪法获批后，总统选举团推选华盛顿为美国的第一任总统。此后，华盛顿在避免战争的同时，加强联邦政府的权力。17，华盛顿逝世。他被誉为“战争中的第一人、和平第一人、国人心中的第一人。”
James Knox Polk was America's eleventh President. He was born in North Carolina, in 1795. He was the eldest of ten children. His father traded in slaves and was a farmer. Studious and industrious, Polk graduated with honors in 1818 from the University of North Carolina. As a young lawyer he entered politics, served in the Tennessee legislature, and became a friend of Andrew Jackson.
詹姆斯·诺克斯·波尔克是美国第11任总统。1795年，波尔克出生在北卡罗来纳州。他是家里十个孩子的老大。他的父亲是个种植园主，曾参加过奴隶贸易。波尔克学习很勤奋用功，18，他以优异的成绩从北卡罗来纳大学毕业。后来，他又以年轻律师的身份进入美国政坛，服务于田纳西州立法机关，并与安德鲁·杰克逊结为朋友。
In the House of Representatives, Polk was a chief lieutenant of Jackson in his Bank war. He served as Speaker between 1835 and 1839, leaving to become Governor of Tennessee. Polk became the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1844 after arguing for the annexation of Texas and Oregon. He won the 1844 presidential election to become the first “dark horse” president.
波尔克曾在美国众议院担任杰克逊的首席中尉，参与抵制银行活动。1835年至1839年，他担任众议院议长。1839年任田纳西州州长。1844年，波尔克主张美国合并得克萨斯及俄勒冈，后被民主党提名为美国副总统。他在1844年美国总统大选中胜出，成为美国第一个“黑马”总统。
As President, Polk threatened war with Britain over annexing Oregon. A treaty was signed in 1846 after the British settled for land north of the 49th parallel, which today is the Canada border. Polk fought a war with Mexico between 1846 and 1848. American forces won repeated victories and gained New Mexico and California for the USA. Polk also tried to buy Cuba from Spain in 1848 but was unsuccessful.
身为美国总统的波尔克，曾就美国合并俄勒冈一事威胁英国，说要与英国开火。1846年，英国人在北纬49度以北的地方（如今这里是加拿大边境）定居，并与美国签订协议。1846年至1848年，波尔克和墨西哥开战。美国军队再次获得胜利，夺得了新墨西哥州和加利福尼亚州。1848年，波尔克还试图从西班牙手中购买古巴，但并未成功。
Polk left office due to bad health in 1849. He had promised to serve only one term. He oversaw the opening of the Smithsonian Institute and the U.S. Naval Academy, and the groundbreaking for the Washington Monument. The first U.S. postage stamps were also issued during his presidency. Historians call him America's “least known consequential president”. He died of cholera on June 15, 1849.
1849年，波尔克由于身体不适，卸任了美国总统的职务。波尔克承诺过只担任一届美国总统。他曾亲临美国史密森研究院和美国海军学院的开幕式，及华盛顿纪念碑的开工典礼。在他任职美国总统的期间，还发行了第一套美国邮票。历史学家称他为“功成身退的美国总统”。1849年6月15日，波尔克得霍乱逝世。
Ulysses S. Grant was born as Hiram Ulysses Grant in 1822. He was the 18th President of America, serving two terms from 1869 to 1877. In 1838, he went to West Point military academy against his will. He was an average student but excelled at horse riding. A mistake was made with his name on the application form, but he adopted his “new” name, liking the U.S. initials. His classmates called him Sam.
尤利塞斯·辛普森·格兰特出生于1822年，当时他的名字叫做海勒姆·辛普森·格兰特。他是美国第18任总统，他的任期是1869-1877年。1838年，在不愿意的情况下，他就读了西点军校。他在学校的表现平平，但却在骑马方面非常优秀。虽然申请表格把他的名字搞错，但是他适应了这个新名字，他很喜欢找这个缩写。他的同学叫他山姆。
Grant joined the Army in 1839 and fought in the Mexican-American War. He was twice promoted for bravery and he learnt a lot about military tactics. In 1861, Grant was made a colonel. In 1862 he took control of the Mississippi Valley and President Lincoln promoted him to major general. After further impressive battle victories, especially at Chattanooga, Lincoln appointed him General-in-Chief in 1864.
1839年，格兰特参了军，并参加了墨西哥战役。他曾经两次因英勇奋战而晋升，并学习到了许多军事战术。1861年，格兰特升为了陆军上校。1862年，他控制了密西西比河谷流域，林肯总统晋升他为少将。之后他有赢得了几场战争的胜利，特别是在查特努加市，1864年，林肯命他为大将军。
When he was elected President in 1868, the American people hoped for an end to the turmoil of the Civil War. Grant looked to Congress for direction. During the reconstruction, Grant focused on the rebuilding of the South, often with military force. His signing of civil rights laws resulted in the election of African Americans to Congress for the first time.
1868年，他选举成为了美国总统，美国人希望能够结束内战旋涡。格兰特向议会寻求意见。在重建过程中，格兰特集中在了拥有军事力量的南方。他所签订的民权法使得非洲裔美国人第一次进入到了国会的选举当中。
Grant's presidency was marred by economic turmoil and multiple scandals. He was heavily criticized for not managing the depression. He became involved in many corruption scandals, which ruined his chances of getting a third-term nomination. After retiring from office, Grant went on a two-year world tour. He wrote his memoirs and died in 1885 aged 63, soon after completing the last page.
经济的动荡，以及无数的丑闻使他的总统之旅蒙上了污点。由于没有能够处理好经济萧条问题，格兰特遭到了人们的严重批判。他还牵扯到了许多腐败丑闻之中，这让他失去了第三任总统提名的机会。卸任以后，格兰特进行了为期两年的世界之旅。并写下了回忆录，就在他完成最后一页不久，1885年，63岁的格兰特与世长辞。
Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th President of the United States. He served from 1969 to 1974 and is the only president to resign the office. He was born in California in 1913 and grew up in a poor family. Nixonhad a brilliant record at college and law school before entering the legal profession. During World War II, Nixon served in the Navy in the Pacific, although he saw no actual combat.
理查德·米尔豪斯·尼克松是美国第37任总统。他的任期是从1969年到1974年，他也是唯一一位辞职的总统。1913年，尼克松出生于加利福尼亚州，家境贫寒。在成为律师之前，他在大学和法律学校的表现优异。二战期间，尼克松在太平洋的海军服役，尽管他没有参加战争。
On leaving the service, he was elected to Congress and in 1950, he won a Senate seat. Two years later, General Eisenhower selected Nixon, age 39, to be his running mate. As Vice President, Nixon took on major duties and was nominated for President in 1960. He lost by a narrow margin to John F. Kennedy. In 1968, he again won his party's nomination and the presidential election.
退役之后，1950年他进入国会，之后又赢得了参议院席位。两年之后，艾森豪威尔将军任命39岁的尼克松为他的竞选搭档。作为副总统，尼克松身兼重任，并于1960年获得了总统候选人的资格。他以微弱的优势输给了约翰·费茨杰拉德·肯尼迪。1968年，他再一次成功获得了选举资格，并赢得了这次的选举。
His term in office saw many historic accomplishments. One of the most dramatic events occurred in 1969, when American astronauts made the first moon landing. During visits in 1972 to Beijing and Moscow, he reduced tensions with China and the U.S.S.R. which led to a treaty to limit strategic nuclear weapons. In January 1973, he ended American involvement in Vietnam.
在任期间，他完成了许多历史性的壮举。其中最著名的时间是在1969年，美国宇航员首次登月。1972年，他访问了中国和俄罗斯，并缓解了与中国和苏联的紧张，并签署了限制战略核武器的条约。1973年1月，他结束了越南战争。
In his 1972 bid for office, Nixon defeated Democratic candidate George McGovern by one of the widest margins on record. Within a few months the “Watergate” scandal broke. Reporters uncovered his associates breaking into his Democratic rival’s offices. Nixon denied any personal involvement and resigned on August 8, 1974. He died from a severe stroke in 1994, aged 81.
在1972年连任中，尼克松以历史上最悬殊的选票战胜了乔治·麦戈文。短短几个月后，水门事件爆发。记者揭露了他的亲信闯入了竞争对手的办公室。尼克松否认与这次事件有关，并于1974年的8月8日辞职。由于中风，他于1994年去世，享年81岁。
