下面是小编为大家整理的并列句用法浅析（共含8篇），仅供参考，喜欢可以收藏与分享哟!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“宇宙终极四十二”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
作者：张庆
一、并列句的构成
由并列连词(and, so, but, or等)把两个或两个以上互不依从,但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子叫做并列句。其结构一般是:简单句+并列连词+简单句。
二、并列连词前后简单句间的关系
1. 并列关系。例如:
They are watching TV and the others are listening to the radio.他们在看电视,其他人在听广播。
I help you and you help me.我帮你,你帮我。
2. 选择关系。例如:
The children can go with us, or they can stay at home.孩子们或是跟我们走,或是留在家里。
Either he is right or I am. 或者是他正确,或者我正确。
3. 转折关系。例如:
She was tired but she didn't stop working.她疲倦了,但她不停止工作。
It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴,但是它会讲话。
4. 因果关系。例如:
They asked me to go , so I went.他们要我去,所以我就去了。
Mr Li was ill, so I was taking his class instead. 李老师生病了,所以我代他上课。
三、使用并列句要注意的几种情况
1. 并列句有时可不用连词,而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如:
We fished all day; we didn't catch a fish.我们钓了一天的鱼,一条鱼也没钓到。
2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略。例如:
My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.我父亲在工厂工作,母亲在学校工作。
3.由so, nor, neither连接的并列句,后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如:
He is not a student, nor am I. 他不是学生,我也不是。
Beibei can swim, so can I. 贝贝会游泳,我也会。
知识要点：
1. 并列句：由两个或两个以上的'简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。
2. 并列句的基本句型：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
3. 并列句的类型：
1) 并列关系（联合关系）。连接词：and, not only…but (also), neither…nor等
例句：I help him and he helps me.
我帮助他，他也帮助我。
Not only did we write to her but also we tele graphed her.
我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。
Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice.
我不想与他商量，他也不会征求我的意见。
2) 转折关系。连接词：but, yet, still, while, however, when等
例句：He failed many times, but he didn’tdespair.
他失败多次但并没有气馁。
She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress.
她学习英语有困难，然后她学习努力，进步很快。
3) 选择关系。连接词：or, otherwise or else, either…or
例句：We must hurry, or we’l miss the train.
我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。
Either you come to my place or I go to yours.
或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。
4) 因果关系。连接词：for, so, thus, therefore, and so
例句：We had better stay at home, for it was raining.
我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。
He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.
他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。
有时也可不用连词，而用逗号，分号或冒号。如：
Hurry up, it’s getting dark.
快点，天要黑了。
Let’s start early, we have a long way to go.
我们要早动身，因为路很远。
根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1简单句
句型：主语+谓语
只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示
They are playing baseball in the garden.
他们正在公园里打棒球。
Her brother and sister both are teachers.
她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。
2并列句
句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句（常见的并列连词有and，but，or）
并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。
Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.
I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn''t interested in it.
Hurry up，or you''ll be late.
3 复合句
句型：主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。）
复合句（The Complex Sentence）：句子中有一个或一个以上的从句，叫做复合句。复合句可分为：
1).定语从句（The Attributive Clause）；
2).状语从句（The Adverbial Clause）；
3).名词性从句（The Noun Clause）：
一、定语从句
定语从句的定义
定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。
先行词和引导词
被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。
引导词分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。
关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
关系副词有：when, where, why。 注意：关系副词里面没有how。
如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。
I don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me.
我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。
关系代词：who
关系动词who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。
He is the man who wants to see you.
He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.
关系代词：whom
He is the man （whom） I saw in the park yesterday.
（whom在从句中作宾语）
关系代词：whose
whose 用来指人或物，（只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which the cover/the cover of which）
关系代词：which（1）
which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。
They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.
The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.
关系代词：which（2）
当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一下情况要选which：
1.在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。
2. 修饰整个主句。
I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.
3. 修饰谓语部分。
He can swim in the river, which I cannot.
4. 介词 + which
They are all questions to which there are no answers.
关系代词：that（1）
that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。指物的时候多用that，也可用which。
It’s a question that (which) needs careful consideration.
（指物，作主语。）
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?
（指人，作主语。）
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.
（指人，作宾语，可省略。）
关系代词：that（2）
在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。
1. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。
All (that) she lacked was training.
2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
3. 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时
4. 先行词中既有人又有物时
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时
二、状语从句
1 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
2 方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如…”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的”，例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
3 原因状语从句
比较：because, since, as和for
1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
4 目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等词引导，例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
5 结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
6 条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
7 让步状语从句
though, although
注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) “no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问词+后缀ever”
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
8 比较while, when, as
1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3）从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
9 比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可 以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句：
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
否定句：
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(2) It is not until… that…
10 表示“一…就…”的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示“一…就…”的意思，例：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
三、名词性从句
1）.宾语从句（The Object Clause）；
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。
宾语从句：及物动词
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.
宾语从句：短语动词
Please go and find out when the train will arrive.
宾语从句：介词的宾语
I am interested in what she is doing.
宾语从句：否定的转移
I don't suppose you're used to this diet.
我想你不习惯这种饮食。
I don't believe she'll arrive before 8.
我相信她8点之前不会到。
2）.表语从句（The Predicative Clause）；
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。
What the police want to know is when you entered the room.
This is what we should do.
That's why I want you to work there.
as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。
She seems as if she had done a great thing.
It is because you eat too much.
虚拟语气：表语从句
主语是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时,作表语从句的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词。
My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him.
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
3）.同位语从句（The Appositive Clause）。
同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事实)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；观念)，promise(承诺)，information(信息)，conclusion(结论)，order(命令)， suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，thought (想法)等后面。例如：
I had no idea that you were here.
She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.
He made a promise that he would never come late.
同位语从句：whether
whether可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
同位语从句：what
what可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用what作为引导词
I have no idea what he is doing now.
同位语从句：how
how可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用how作为引导词
It’s a question how he did it.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别（1）
同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别（2）
that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别（3）
whether, what, how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.主语
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
（1.主语 2.宾语 3.谓语 时间状语 4.定语 5.宾语 时间状语 6.定语 7.宾语 地点状语 8.There be结构 真正的主语 9.谓语 10.主语 表语 11.谓语 宾语 12.目的状语 13.形式宾语 14.宾语 宾补 15.状语 定语 16.宾语 17.状语 伴随状语 18.形式主语 表语 定语 19.宾语补语 20.表语）
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（-）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（-）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat - too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
作者：籍万杰
由并列连词连接、含有两个或更多主谓结构的句子叫并列句。纵观历届高考试题,对并列句的考查主要涉及以下几种情况。
一、考查表示转折对比关系的并列连词
1. but (但是,可是,而,却)
连接两个简单句,有时句中某些词可以省略;连接两个并列成分,可以放在一个句子的句首,后面不接逗号。
[原题再现]
① I hope you don't mind me asking, ________ where did you buy those shoes?
A. so B. and C. yet D. but
② There are many kinds of sports, ________ my favorite is swimming.
A. as B. then C. so D. but
答案:① D ② D
2. yet (但是;尽管如此)
可连接两个句子,用逗号分开,也可在yet前加and,还可以放在一个句子的句首。例如:
The car is old, yet it is in good condition. 这辆车旧了,但车况很好。
He's pleasant enough, and yet I don't like him. 他人很好,但我却不喜欢他。
3. while (而,但是,可是,却)
while作连词用时,可表示对比或转折关系。
[原题再现]
① I do every single bit of housework ________ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since B. while
C. when D. as
② She thought I was talking about her daughter, ________ in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where
C. which D. while
答案:① B ② D
二、考查表示因果关系的并列连词
1. for (因为)
由并列连词for引导的分句常置于句子后部,而且常用逗号与前面的分句隔开。for分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for分句不能用来回答why问句。
[原题再现]
I did my best not to show pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure happiness, for my words had the power to make people laugh. (NMET完形填空)
2. so (因此)
可以连接两个句子,中间有时用逗号隔开;也可在so前加and;还可以放在一个句子的句首。
[原题再现]
The shop doesn't open until 11 a.m.,________ it loses a lot of business.
A. for B. or
C. but D. so
答案:D
三、考查表示选择关系的连词or
or连接并列成分时,意为“或者,还是”;用于否定句中,意为“也不”,这时不宜用and;还有“否则,要不然”之意,相当于otherwise。
[原题再现]
Would you like a cup of coffee ________ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then
C. or D. otherwise
答案:C
四、考查表示并列关系的并列连词
1. and (和,同,与,又,并且)
[原题再现]
Stand over there ________ you'll be able to see it better.
A. or B. while
C. but D. and
答案:D
2. not only... but also...(不仅......而且)
[原题再现]
Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are
C. am D. be
答案:B
3. neither... nor... (既不......也不)
They worked neither for fame nor for personal gains. 他们工作一不为名,二不为利。
4. both... and... (既......又)
A man should have both courage and wisdom. 人既要有勇气又要有智慧。
五、考查其他并列连词
1. not... but... (不是......而是)
It was not the bones of an animal but of a human being. 这不是一只动物的骨头,而是人的骨头。
2. rather than(而不是;与其......宁愿)
[原题再现]
Rather than ________ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride
C. ride; to ride
D. to ride; riding
答案:C
3. when(正当那时,相当于and at that time)
[原题再现]
Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ________ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while
C. since D. once
答案:A
1、山坡上、大路边、村子口,榛树叶子全都红了,红得像人们澎湃的心情.
2、风,从水中掠过,留下粼粼波纹；阳光,从云中穿过,留下丝丝温暖；岁月,从树林中走过,留下圈圈年轮.
3、人们在同样的时间里奔跑,错过了桃花送走雪花春风唤醒田蛙的春,错过了浪花裂开心花荷盖展开青霞的夏,错过了稻禾沾满金露树木寄走一封封枯叶的秋,错过了山坡覆白雪水面凝银冰的冬.人们应该在这样的季节这样的景色中踱步,让一个个脚印有翡翠的韵脚金银的注释,这才是我们的世界.
4、风在呼唤，雨在叫喊，雾霾害人，哪里逃跑？
连词是一种虚词，不能在句子中单独作句子成分，在句子中只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子以及从句的作用。
一、并列句与连词（连接同一语法类型的词、短语或句子）
1. 并列连词的分类并列连词按其作用可分为表示转折对比、因果、选择和并列四大类。
(1) 表示转折的并列连词
1. but（但是，可连接两个句子，用逗号隔开;也可以放在句首）
2. yet (然而,尽管如此，连接两个句子，用逗号隔开；也可以放在句首)
The car is old，yet it is in good condition.
注：yet也常放在完成时句尾表示还没有，此时不是连词，注意区分。
3. while (而,可是，表示转折或对比，不用加逗号)
Lily likes go to school by bus while linda likes go to school by bike.
4. however (然而,但是)，一般位于句首，单个使用后加逗号阅读完型中常见到表转折。 它们连接两个意思不同，阅读中遇到要注意。
(2) 表示因果的并列连词
表示因果的并列连词有：
1. for (因为) ①由并列连词for 引导的分句常置于句子后部，而且常用逗号与前面的
分句隔开。②for 分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。③for 分句不能用来回答why 问句。She can’t go to school , for she is ill in bed.
2. so (所以) 可以连接两个句子，中间有时用逗号隔开；也可以放在一个句子的句首。 例：The shop doesn't open until 11 a.m. , so we should go there later..
3. therefore (因此),用法和however类似，但词义不一样
(3) 表示选择的并列连词
表示选择的并列连词有：or (或者)，either?or (不是??就是??，或者??或者??)
[注]①or用在祈使句中，意为“否则”，
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到了。
②or用在否定句中表示并列关系。
They never dance or sing. 他们从不跳舞，也不唱歌。
③either?or?连接主语时，谓语动词就近原则。
(4) 表示并列关系的连词(连接主语时注意谓语)
表示联合关系的连词有：
1. and (和，而且) and ①用在肯定句中连接并列的成分，表示“和，而且”；②用在祈
使句中，意为“那么”Study hard, and you will succeed. 努力学习，你就会取得成功。
2. both?and? 谓语动词用复数Both you and he are right.
3. as well as (也) [注]谓语动词应与as well as 前面的主语在人称、数上保持一致。 I as well as he am a doctor. 我和他一样，也是医生。
4. not only?but also(不但??而且??)它连接主语时，谓语动词就近原则。
Not only I but also students are tired of take the examination.
5. neither?nor? (既不??也不??)它们用来连接两个并列关系的词、短语或分句。
它连接主语时，谓语动词就近原则.
Neither you nor she has ever gone the USA. 你从来没去过那，她也没去过。
注：1.祈使句中and 表示那么，or表示否则
2.谓语就近原则there be，either?or?，neither?nor?，not only?but also
二、状语从句与连词
(1) 引导时间状语从句的连词：(时间状语从句服从主将从现)
Before（把我们说过的例句写下来让他们填）, after, when/while/as, since(自从，用于完成时+since+过去时 ),not…until, as soon as(一。。就。。) 等。
① when和while用法区别：
while：She came in （点性）while I was doing（延续性）my homework. 我正在写作业的时候她进来了。
When: I was doing my homework when she came in.我正在写作业，这时他进来了。 ② not…until,前加点性动词。肯定句时用延续性动词
③as soon as 的.主将从现I’ll tell her as soon as I see her. 我一见到她就告诉她。
(2) 引导条件状语从句的连词：（条件状语从句服从主将从现）
①if, 如果其引导的条件状语从句表示的前提或条件可以实现或正在进行，从句用现在完成时或进行时。I will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.
③ as long as, You’ll pass the exam as long as you work harder.
④ unless等。 You’ll fail in the exam unless you work harder.
⑤ 祈使句+and/or+陈述句意义上相当于条件状语从句
(3) 引导原因状语从句的连词：because, as, since, for等。
注意：如果原因是人们已经知道的事实，用since引导，有既然的意思
(4) 引导目的状语从句的连词：
①so that：He put on his glasses so that he could see it clearly.
②in order that ：1.与so as to 用法相同
2.注意它与in order to的区别
(5) 引导结果状语从句的词：
such?that, so?that,
She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.
注：区别当名词前有many或much修饰时，用so而不用such (so much time)
(6) 引导地点状语从句的连词：where, wherever等。eg:
Sit wherever you like. 请随便坐。
(7) 引导让步状语从句的连词：though(一般位于句中), although（一般位于句首）, even if,
whatever, wherever, whenever等。
Although he was tired, he kept on working. 虽然他很累，但仍继续工作。
(8) 引导比较状语从句的连词： than, as?as, more?than?, the+比较级，the+比较级等。
He doesn’t play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。
Our city is smaller than that one. 我们的城市比那个城市小。
高中英语语法;并列句与状语从句
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.Lessons can be learned to face the future __though/although__history cannot be changed.
解析：对比分析两个句子的意思可知从句表达的意思是“虽然;尽管”。句意为：虽然历史不能被改变，但是可以学习经验来面对未来。设空处引导让步状语从句，故填though/although。
2.You will never gain success __unless__you are fully devoted to your work.
解析：根据句意可知主从句间是条件关系，且对比分析两句话间“主将从现”的时态及主句中的否定词never可知用表条件的unless(if...not)。句意为：除非你完全投入到你的工作中，否则你永远无法取得成功。
3.He is a shy man，__but__he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
解析：but用来连接并列但语义对比的两个句子。句意：他是个腼腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人。
4.__Once__the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
解析：once一旦。句意：一旦造成损害，土地要好多年才能恢复。
5.We need to get to the root of the problem__before__we can solve it.
解析：本题考查状语从句的连词。before表示“主句发生在从句之前”。句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。
6.__Although/Though__the job takes a significant amount of time，most students agree that the experience is worth it.
解析：although/though虽然(表示“虽然”时，不在后面使用连词but，不过有时它可与yet，still，nevertheless等副词连用)。句意：虽然那个工作要花大量的时间，但是大多数学生都觉得这次经历是值得的。
7.That's why I help brighten people's days.If you__don't__，who's to say that another person will?
解析：考查if引导的条件状语从句。在if引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。此句中的who's to say that another person will用的是将来时，故if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。句意：这就是为什么我要使人们的日子变得鲜活起来。如果你不这样做，你说谁会这样做?
8.There is only one more day to go__before__your favorite music group play live.
解析：before意为“在……之前”。句意：离你最喜欢的乐队的现场演奏只剩下一天了。
9.If you miss this chance，it may be years __before__ you get another one.
解析：It be+时间段+before...“要过……才会……”。句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能要等很多年才会再有另一个机会。
10.It is so cold that you can't go outside__unless__fully covered in thick clothes.
解析：本题考查状语从句引导词及状语从句的省略。句意：天如此冷以至于你除非完全包裹着厚衣服，否则不能外出。unless除非。unless从句中省略主语you及系动词are。
11. It's a motto that we should never remember the benefit we have offered __nor__ forget the favor received.
解析：句意为：我们应当永远不要记挂我们所给予的好处也不要忘记我们所受的恩惠。这是一则座右铭。nor为表示否定含义的并列词，never...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。
12.Ask any Chinese which city in China is famous for ice and snow, __and__ the answer is sure to be Harbin.
解析：句意为：(如果)你问任何一个中国人中国的哪座城市因冰雪而出名，答案一定是哈尔滨。此处为“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的结构，两个分句之间为顺承关系，故填and。
13.Stick to what you think is right, __and__ you will gain a surprising happy ending.
解析：句意为：坚持你认为正确的，你会拥有一个幸福的结局。此处为“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的结构，两个分句之间为顺承关系，故填and。
14.—Can I lie about seeing a text message because I was too busy or lazy to respond to it?
—Receiving a text message does not necessarily mean you have to respond. Why waste a perfectly good lie __when__ the truth will serve?
解析：句意为：——当我很累或懒得去答复时，我可以撒谎说没看过短信吗?——收到短信并不一定意味着必须回复。为什么非得滥用一个精心编造的谎言而不去说实话呢?对比分析主从句谓语的动作可知是同时发生，因此用时间状语连词when表示“当……时候”。
15.Though it has been one year __since__ he came to the city, he knows every street here like the back of his hand.
解析：句意为：尽管他来这座城市仅仅一年，但是他对这儿的每条街道了如指掌。本题考查固定句型“it has been+时间段+since...”，表示“自从……已经多久了”。
16.—What did he think of the trip to Beijing last month?
—He had such a good time __when__ he visited the Great Wall.
解析：句意为：——他认为上个月的北京之行怎么样?——当他去参观长城时玩得很开心。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，故填when。本题容易误用成“such...that...”结构。
17.Little __as/though__ he knew about classical music, he pretended to be an expert on it.
解析：句意为：尽管他对古典音乐了解很少，但他假装对此是名专家。分析句意及句子结构可知，设空处所在分句为让步状语从句，且否定词little位于句首，应用倒装结构，故填as或though。although也表“尽管”，但其引导的从句要用正常语序，故不填。
18.People in Dali are very friendly and honest to you __whether__ you are a foreigner or just a local.
解析：句意为：大理的人对你很诚实而友好，无论你是外地人还是当地居民。whether...or...表示“无论是……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。
19.You can smoke here __if__ you leave a window open to let the smoke out.
解析：句意为：如果你留一扇窗户使烟散发出去，你就可以在这里吸烟。根据句意可知，此处为条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故填if。
20.Just__as__ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
解析：句意为：正如单独一个词能改变一个句子的含义一样，一个独立的句子也能改变一个段落的含义。just as意为“正如，正像”，符合句意。
英语的句子成分
主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。
如：
讲述“谁” We work in a big factory.
讲述“什么” The classroom is very big.
数词作主语 Three are enough.
从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.
▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：
There are some bottles of milk in the box.
▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：
It is very interesting toplay the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers aboutthree months to build the house.
谓语
谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
如：He is very generous.
She looks very smart and cool
We have finished the job.
He can speak German.
表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。
形容词作表语
You look youngerthan before. 名词作表语
Myfather is a teacher. 副词作表语
Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语
They are at the theatre.不定式作表语
My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语
Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语
宾语
▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。
如：
名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes.
代词做宾语 He often helps me.
不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in theopen air.
动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed livingin China.
从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work intime.
▲直接宾语和间接宾语
及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：
We brought themsome food.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。
宾补
在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.
如:
名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
形容词作宾补 Don’t make your hands dirty.
副词作宾补 We found Li Ming out when we arrived.
介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.
省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.
带to的不定式作宾补 The boy ordered the dog to lie down.
现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.
过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.
在英语中,常见的“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构有：
▲“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。
We call himJack.
They made Li Lei their monitor.
▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。
如：Do you think his idea wrong?
We must keep our classroom clean.
We can’t leave him alone.
▲“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。
如：Let him in/ out.
Mr. Li droveus home.
When got there, we found him out.
▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。
如：We found everything in good order.
We regard him as our good friend.
He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.
▲“宾语+不定式”
充当宾补的不定式有三种：
A 要求带to的不定式
B要求不带to的不定式let, make, see, hear, watch等
C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to
▲“宾语+现在分词”
现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。
I saw them playing on the playground.
I heard Mary singingin the classroom.
▲“宾语+过去分词”。
宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。
I had my bikestolen.
The teacherexplained again and again to make himself understood.
▲ 形式宾语+形容词
We found itimpossible to get there before Saturday.
▲宾语+what从句
Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it istoday.
The mountain village is different from what it wasten years ago.
定语
▲定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
如：
形容词作定语 The black bike is mine.
代词作定语 What’s your name?
名词作定语 They madesome paper flowers.
介词短语作定语 The boys inthe room are in Class Three, Grade One.
从句作定语 The tall boy whois standing there is Peter.
▲修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody,anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。
如：We’ll go to have something English.
If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else.
Do you have anything important totell me?
▲介词短语作定语时要后置。
如：Do you know the boy behind thetree?
The students in the room are all my friends.
I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.
▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置
What about something to drink?
I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.
▲near by,below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。
如：
We are at the topof the hill. Can you see the village below?
The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?
状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。
如：
He did it carefully(程度状语)
They missed me very much.(程度状语)
Without his help, we couldn’t work itout.(条件状语)
In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.(目的状语)
When I was young, I could swim well.(时间状语)
★ 学法用法心得体会
★ maybe的用法
★ plan的用法
