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钱学森
姓名：钱学森
性别：男
出生年月：19
籍贯：中国
学历：美国加州理工学院博士学位
钱学森，1911年生，1934年在上海交通大学毕业后，次年赴美留学，至1938在美国麻省理工学院加利福尼亚理工学院航空工程系求学，并获加洲理工学院博士学位，在美期间，他始终眷恋着自己的祖国。
新中国成立后，钱学森立志回国。在经受了长达6年的磨难后，1955年秋天，钱学森终于回到了祖国的怀抱。从此，他以自己渊博的知识，赤诚的爱国之心，投入新中国火箭、导弹和航天器的研究开发工作。在老一辈无产阶级革命家领导下，从培训科技干部做起，克服重重困难，用4年时间研制发射成功我国第一枚近程导弹，又用4年研制成功中近程导弹，此后又用两年时间，于1966年使我国有了导弹核武器。短短，我国导弹核武器得到了飞速发展，跻身于世界强国之列。聂荣臻元帅曾说：“这是与学森同志出色的工作分不开的。”
作为一位杰出的科学家，钱学森在技术科学的许多领域作出了卓越的贡献，在国内外享有很高的声誉。目前已出版专著9部，发表论文300余篇，在应用力学、喷气推进与航天技术、工程控制论、物理力学、系统工程、系统科学、思维科学、人体科学、科学技术体系与马克思主义哲学等领域都具有开拓性的贡献。
钱学森同志是中国科学院、中国工程院“两院”院士。曾获中国科学院一等科学奖；国家科技进步特等奖。1991年，国务院、中央军委授予钱学森“国家杰出贡献科学家”荣誉称号。江泽民同志在授奖仪式上称钱老“是一位具有高尚的爱国主义精神，坚定不移地为社会主义事业奋斗的战士”，“是我国爱国知识分子的典范”。
专著：《喷气推进》、《工程控制论》
论文：《一个科学新领域----开放的复杂的巨系统及其方法论》
人民科学家钱学森
“我作为一名中国的科技工作者，活着的目的就是为人民服务。”钱学森用他的一生，实践着这个平凡而伟大的诺言。
热爱自己的祖国，热爱她的语言、土地和人民，这是钱学森90年风雨岁月矢志不渝的赤子情怀。
辛亥革命爆发两个月后，钱学森在上海出生，民族的危难成为他人生最初的记忆。为了救国，中学毕业的钱学森和当时许多有志青年一样，选择工科作为人生奋斗的方向。1934年夏，23岁的钱学森完成在上海交通大学机械专业的学业，考取清华大学留美预备班。一年后，钱学森远渡重洋，赴美国麻省理工学院攻读航空专业硕士学位。
带着为国争光的一股冲劲，钱学森只用一年时间就拿下了硕士学位。1936年，钱学森转学加州理工学院，3年后获得航空、数学博士学位。随后，在他的老师、世界力学大师冯·卡门的指导和合作下，钱学森开始了高速飞机的气动力学、固体力学、火箭和导弹的研究，参与了大量工程实践，并和同事一道为美国设计、研制出可以用于作战的第一代导弹，为世界航空工业的建立奠定了可靠的理论基础。
钱学森声名鹊起，成为和冯·卡门齐名的著名科学家。美国军队邀请他讲授火箭和喷气技术，美国空军以他的《喷气推进》为内部教材。1947年，36岁的钱学森成为麻省理工学院年青的正教授，拥有了许多人一辈子梦寐以求的地位、名誉和舒适的生活。
钱学森却从未准备在美国长期生活，他清楚地知道，这里只是他人生的一个驿站，遥远的祖国才是他永远的家园。在美国的里，钱学森没有买一美元的保险。他将风洞原理应用于风车发电的实例计算中，选取的高度是从海平面起到海拔8公里以上，这正是他的祖国----中国的自然条件。
多年以后，钱学森说：“我在美国前三四年是学习，后十几年是工作，所有这一切都在做准备，为了回到祖国后能为人民做点事。因为我是中国人。”
1948年祖国解放事业的胜利在望让他看到：等待的时机终于来临！钱学森欣喜若狂，开始了紧张的归国准备。
然而，归途，竟是那么的坎坷。
骚扰、阻挠纷至而来，美国当局动用了可能的全部手段，所有的目的只有一个：无论如何都不让钱学森回国，因为“他太有价值了，在任何情况下都抵得上3至5个师的兵力。”
坐牢、软禁，恐吓、跟踪，美国反动势力的迫害和打击，无法让钱学森屈服，激起的只是勇敢、无畏的斗争。面对检察官的无理指责，钱学森掷地有声地回答：“知识是我个人的财产，我有权给谁就给谁。我是中国人，当然忠于中国人民。”美国的报纸报道说：被审讯的不是钱学森，而是检察官！
在钱学森的长期抗议和祖国外交斗争的巨大压力下，美国当局不得不同意钱学森回国。1955年9月17日，带着丰厚的学识和一腔热血，钱学森登上了归国的航船。
祖国向钱学森敞开温暖的怀抱。广州、上海、杭州、北京……，钱学森所到之处，掌声、鲜花、笑脸相迎。
1956年1月中国科学院力学研究所正式成立，钱学森出任第一任所长。
1956年春节后不久，200多位科学家聚集在北京的西郊宾馆，研究制定新中国第一个远大规划----《1956至1967年科学技术发展远景规划纲要》。钱学森作了一场关于核聚变的精彩报告。半年多后的10月8日，我国第一个火箭、导弹研究机构---国防部第五研究院正式成立，钱学森出任院长。
1960年11月5日，我国第一枚导弹发射试验成功。这一天，离钱学森回国仅仅5年；离我国正式启动导弹计划不过4年。而美国为了这一步，花费了近10年时间。
钱学森把自己全部的热血和智慧，奉献给了祖国的火箭、导弹和航天事业。导弹试验成功不久，他就开始思考我国导弹事业的长远发展规划，着手研究原子弹和导弹“两弹”结合的飞行爆炸试验。1965年1月，他又向中央正式建议：早日制订人造卫星研究计划。我国第一颗人造卫星工程因此被代称为“651工程”
进入80年代，他和其他科学家一道，推动了“863”计划的实施。进入90年代，他建议组建科技公司促进科技成果转化，主张发展第四产业----科技和情报信息业，关注祖国的煤炭地下气化技术，倡导建立精神文明学。对正在启动的西部大开发，他以一个科学家的冷静提醒：虽然开发是全面的、综合的，仍然要以农业发展为基础……
殷殷赤子情，拳拳报国心。这是一位科学老人对祖国、对人民热爱之情的独特表达。在这深情之中，闪耀着钱学森把有限生命融入祖国和人民伟大建设事业的光辉一生。
1991年，中央组织部把钱学森和雷锋、焦裕禄、王进喜等并列为共产党员的优秀代表，号召全国人民向他们学习。钱学森得知后彻夜难眠：“我心情激动极了，我现在是劳动人民的一分子了，而且与劳动人民中最先进的分子连在一起了。”敏锐的思维、超前的意识，始终引领时代潮流，始终站在科学的最前沿，这是钱学森最显著的科学品格。
1948年，美国科学家维纳发表《控制论》，遭到科学界的冷遇，37岁的钱学森却敏锐把握到这一理论的普遍意义，将这一新理论运用到自己的喷气技术研究。1954年，钱学森发表《工程控制论》一书，开创了一门新的技术科学。47年来，这本著作为世界各国科学家广为引证、参考，成为自动控制领域引用率最高的经典著作。
在美国研究火箭时，钱学森曾大胆提出以火箭助推飞机实现洲际飞行，与此后航天飞机的迅速发展不谋而合；在计算机还只是新名词的50年代，他就预见到“许多复杂的工作可以用计算机模拟”，极力主张加快研发；在能源、交通被普遍视为国民经济两大基础的1985年，他向中央领导建议，信息、通信、计算机也是国民经济的基础，必须大力发展。活跃的思维，创造的激情，非但没有因为年事的增长而减退，反而迸发出更加璀璨的火花。
继系统科学后，钱学森又相继提出思维科学、人体科学的概念，试图通过对人类思维活动和人体系统的研究，探索实现人工智能、揭开人体秘密的新途径。
1990年，79岁的钱学森发表《一个科学新领域----开放的复杂的巨系统及其方法论》的论文，总结系统学和信息技术的最新发展成果，提炼出开放的复杂巨系统的新概念，并提出了从定性到定量综成法的方法论，实现了还原论、整体论的辩证统一。
两年后，81岁的钱学森在系统学理论的基础上，进一步提出建立从定性到定量综合集成研讨厅体系和大成智慧学，试图以人为主，通过计算机和因特网，实现人机结合，综合集成古今中外、成千上万人的知识和智慧。
伟大的创造来自科学的方法。辩证唯物主义----这正是钱学森不断超越他的同行，始终走在科学最前沿的“秘密钥匙”。
500多页的《钱学森手稿》，形象地折射出钱学森严谨、不苟的治学精神。从一万多页科研笔记中选取的这些手稿，一串串英文清秀流畅，一个个数学公式推导工整严密，一幅幅图表规范整洁，即使小小的等号，也标准得如同直尺画的一样。为解决薄壳变形的难题，他研究的手稿长达800多页。到500多页时，他写上“不满意！！！”；问题解决后，他在装手稿的信封上用红笔注上“最后定稿”，接着又加上一句“在科学上没有最后”。
坚持真理，实事求是，这是钱学森的科学品格，也是他的人格风范。年轻时的他不迷信权威，曾经与老师争论得面红耳赤；当他成为权威时，面对年轻大学生提出的正确意见，他也坦然接受，立即在讲义上作出修改。他经常对人说，我在北京师大附中读书时算是好学生，但每次考试也就80多分；我考取上海交大，并不是第一名，而是第三名；在美国的博士口试成绩也不是第一等，而是第二等。
从一名爱国青年成长为一名著名的科学家，从一名科研工作者升华为一名自觉的马克思主义者，钱学森在不懈的科学追求中，实现了人生的一大跨跃。
单位要为他建房他坚决不同意，因为“我不能脱离广大科技人员”；报刊上颂扬他的文章被打招呼“到此为止”；100万港元的巨额奖金支票，他看都未看，全部捐给了西部的治沙事业……晚年的钱学森以一个马克思主义者的虚怀若谷，淡然面对荣誉、地位、金钱。
不题词，不为人写序，不参加鉴定会，不出席开幕式、剪彩仪式，不兼任任何顾问、名誉顾问，不到外地开会，不出国……，钱学森推辞了一切应酬，只为能静下心来，抓紧每一分钟，为祖国的科技事业和现代化建设专心工作。这是他的乐趣，也是他毕生的追求。
“我本人只是沧海之一粟，渺小的很。真正伟大的是中国人民，是中国共产党，是中华人民共和国！”
这是钱学森，一个马克思主义者的肺腑之言，一位人民科学家的真诚心声。
钱学森(1911年12月11日-10月31日)，浙江杭州人，中国空气动力学家、中国科学院暨中国工程院院士，两弹一星功勋奖章获得者。
曾经担任美国麻省理工学院及加州理工学院教授，为中美两国的导弹和航天计划都做出过重大贡献。被誉为“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”和“导弹之父”。曾经担任中国人民政治协商会议第六、七、八届全国委员会副主席、中国科学技术协会名誉主席等职务。
钱学森生于上海，祖籍浙江省杭州市临安县，是中国杰出的爱国科学家，是航空领域、空气动力学学科的第三代挚旗人，是《工程控制论》的创始人，是二十世纪应用数学和应用力学领域的人物。他为中国导弹制造与火箭发射做出了卓越的贡献。1923年9月进入北京师范大学附属中学学习，1929年9月考入交通大学机械工程系铁道门，1934年6月考取清华大学第二届公费留学生，1935年9月进入美国麻省理工学院航空系学习，1936年9月转入美国加州理工学院航空系，成为世界著名空气动力学教授冯·卡门的学生，并很快成为冯·卡门最得意的弟子。
先后获航空工程硕士学位和航空、数学博士学位。 1938年7月至1955年8月，钱学森在美国从事空气动力学、固体力学和火箭、导弹等领域研究，并与导师共同完成高速空气动力学问题研究课题和建立“卡门-钱近似”公式，在二十八岁时就成为世界知名的空气动力学家，1958年任中国科学技术大学近代力学系主任。月31日上午8时6分，在北京逝世。享年98岁。
钱学森的祖父是钱镠的第三十二代子孙，和清末大商人胡雪岩同代，也是在杭州经商，以贩卖丝绸为业，手腕、魄力不及胡氏，但家境还算宽裕。
父亲钱均夫(1880年—1969年)，早年就读杭州求是书院，毕业后留学东洋，研修教育，归国后，在上海成立“劝学堂”，以施展其“兴教救国”的抱负;19，也就是钱学森诞生的那一年，出任浙江省立第一中学校长。
母亲章兰娟(188?—1935年)，为杭城富商之女，幼承教育，记忆力和计算能力超群，具有数学天资。
妻子蒋英，中国女声乐教育家和女高音歌唱家，浙江海宁人，蒋百里的三女儿。
儿子钱永刚，1948年出生。中共党员。1969年入伍，曾任技师、技术助理员。1982年毕业于国防科学技术大学计算机系，获学士学位。 1988年从美国加州理工学院计算机科学系毕业，获硕士学位。长期从事计算机应用软件系统的研制工作，高级工程师，上海交大的兼职教授。
女儿钱永真，1955年随父母和哥哥钱永刚回国，后从事音乐教育工作。
堂妹钱学敏在中国人民大学教哲学多年，参与撰写和翻译多部专业学术著作，其中有关钱学森科学思想的论文曾荣获中国管理科学优秀论文一等奖。
堂侄钱永健，诺贝尔化学奖得主。
小行星3763
小行星3763被命名为“钱学森”。
军衔
在美期间，曾被授予美国空军上校军衔 ;传记作家叶永烈在查证了中华人民共和国将帅录后，认为钱学森未被授予过中将军衔。
美国国会考克斯报告指控
美国国会考克斯报告(英语：Cox Report)(Cox Report)中专门有一节题为“钱学森在中国导弹与空间计划发展中的作用”，声称钱学森为“间谍”。钱学森传记作者张纯如对这一指控予以了驳斥。
钱学森实验室遭遇被强拆
，7月22日至23日，北京新园区力学研究所试验基地再遭持续地肆意毁坏，此次试验基地被毁，初步统计的国有资产直接损失高达1700余万元。
Qian Xuesen (1911.12.11-.10.31), the Han nationality, Wu Yue Wang Qian 镠 33rd Sun, was born in Shanghai, native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province Lin'an. The world's leading scientist, aerodynamics, the founder of China's manned space, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, China's two bombs a meritorious service medal winner, known as “the father of China's space” “China's father of the missile” Automation control of the father “and” the king of the rocket “, as Qian Xuesen returned to the effectiveness of the Chinese missile, the atomic bomb launch forward for at least 20 years.
In 1934, graduated from the National Institute of Mechanical and Power Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, former Massachusetts Institute of Technology and California Institute of Technology professor. In 1955, in the Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai's fight back to China. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1959 and served as director of the Department of Modern Mechanics of the China University of Science and Technology, director of the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice minister of the Seventh Machinery Industry Department, deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, honorary chairman of the China Science and Technology Association, Vice Chairman of the Sixth, 7th and 8th National Commissions of the Consultative Conference, Member of the Department of Mathematics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Astronautical Society, Senior Consultant of the General Technology Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and other important positions of the China Society of Automation. , The second chairman. In 1995, approved by the Central Propaganda Department and Qian Xuesen himself agreed that his alma mater, Xi'an Jiaotong University, named the library as Qian Xuesen Library, and then wrote the name of the Communist Party of China by Comrade Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. October 31, 2009 Beijing time at 8:6 am, Qian Xuesen died in Beijing, at the age of 98 years old.
In order to further promote Comrade Qian Xuesen patriotism, innovation, dedication of the performance and spirit, the central research, decided to Shanghai Jiaotong University Xuhui campus construction Qian Xuesen library. December 8, , to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Qian Xuesen forum held in the Great Hall of the people.
Before going abroad
Qian Xuesen was born in 1911 in Shanghai, native of Lin'an City, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. In September 1923, into the Beijing Normal University secondary school.
1929 was admitted to the Ministry of Railways Jiaotong University Shanghai School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Railway Engineering, 1934 graduated from the National Jiaotong University (now Shanghai Jiaotong University and Xi'an Jiaotong University), in June to obtain the seventh session of Tsinghua University students.
In September 1935, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics, September 1936 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a master's degree in aviation engineering, after the California Institute of Technology Aviation Department of learning, become the world's leading scientist von Carmen (Theodore von Kármán), and soon became the most important student of von Carmen.
He has a master's degree in aviation engineering and a doctorate in aviation and mathematics. July 1938 to August 1955, Qian Xuesen in the United States engaged in aerodynamics, solid mechanics and rockets, missiles and other fields of research, and with the mentor to complete the high-speed aerodynamics research topics and the establishment of ”Carmen - Qian Xuesen“ formula, At the age of twenty-eight became a world-renowned aerodynist.
In 1939, he received a doctorate in aviation from the California Institute of Technology. In 1943, he was an assistant professor at the California Institute of Technology. In 1945, he was an associate professor at the California Institute of Technology. In 1947, he was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In 1947, married in Shanghai and Jiang Ying. In 1949, he was the director and professor of the Jet Propulsion Center of the California Institute of Technology. In 1953, Qian Xuesen formally put forward the concept of physical mechanics, advocated from the micro-law of matter to determine its macro-mechanical characteristics, opened up a new field of high temperature and pressure. In 1954, ”Engineering Cybernetics“ published in English, the Russian version of the book, German version, the Chinese version was in 1956, 1957, published in 1958. In 1958 he was the director of modern mechanics department of China University of Science and Technology.
Was detained
1949
When the news of the birth of the People's Republic of China came to the United States, Qian Xuesen and his wife Jiang Ying will discuss the early return to the motherland, for their own national effectiveness. At this time the United States, led by McCarthy to the Communists to conduct a comprehensive tracing, and set off in the United States to drive an employee loyal to the US government's frenzy. Qian Xuesen was suspected of being a communist and refused to expose his friends, by the US military department suddenly revoked the certificate to participate in confidential research. Qian Xuesen very angry, as a reason to return home.
In 1950, when Qian was ready to return home, he was stopped by US officials and imprisoned in prison. Dan A. Kimball, then chief of the US Navy, claimed that Qian Xuesen, wherever he went, On the five divisions of the troops. Since then, Qian Xuesen was persecuted by the US government, but also lost valuable freedom, he lost about 30 pounds a month or so. The immigration department copied his home and detained him for 14 days on the island of Tennessee until he received the $ 15,000 huge bail sent by the California Institute of Technology. Later, the customs confiscated his luggage, including 800 kilograms of books and notebooks. The US prosecutor once again examined all of his material before proving that he was innocent.
Hard to return
In the early 1950s
Qian Xuesen news of persecution in the United States soon spread to China, Chinese science and technology friends through a variety of ways to support Qian Xuesen. The CPC Central Committee is extremely concerned about the situation of the United States in the United States, the Chinese government issued a statement publicly condemned the US government in violation of their wishes in the case of imprisonment of Qian Xuesen.
In 1954, a chance, he saw in the newspaper Chen Shutong standing on the tower of Tiananmen Square, the identity of the National People's Congress Standing Committee vice chairman, he decided to give the father of a good friend to write for help. While Premier Zhou Enlai was very anxious for this time, when he was vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Chen Shutong received a letter sent from the other side of the ocean. He opened a look, signed ”Qian Xuesen“, the original is to ask the motherland government to help him return home.
In April 1954, the five countries of the United States and Britain and the Soviet Union held an international conference to discuss and resolve the DPRK issue and to restore peace in Indochina in Geneva. Zhou Enlai, head of the Chinese delegation attending the meeting, was reminded that a group of foreign students and scientists in China were detained in the United States and instructed the Americans that if the British diplomats had been able to clear the relationship with us, we should seize this opportunity and open up new Contact channel.
Wang Bingnan, secretary general of the Chinese delegation, began his preliminary talks with the United States and Vice-Premier of the United States on June 5, 1954. The United States has submitted a list of some US military personnel in the United States in China and detained by China, asking China to give them the opportunity to return home. In order to express China's sincerity, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan to make concessions in the third meeting of China and the United States held on June 15, 1954, and also asked the United States to stop the detention of Chinese students such as Qian Xuesen.
However, the legitimate demands of the Chinese side were unreasonably rejected by the US side. July 21, 1954, the Geneva meeting closed. In order not to interrupt the communication channel, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan and the United States to agree that since July 22, 1954, the consular level talks in Geneva. In order to further express China's sincerity towards Sino-US talks, China released four seized US pilots.
China's concessions, and ultimately to fight for the United States and other scientists to return to the United States as soon as possible, but in this critical issue, the United States on behalf of Johnson or China can not get money to learn the real reason to return, that is not let go.
In 1955, after the continuous efforts of Premier Chou En-lai in his diplomatic negotiations with the United States - even including the release of 11 US pilots captured in the Korean War as an exchange. On August 4, 1955, Qian Xuesen received the US immigration office to allow him Notice of return. September 17, 1955, Qian Xuesen return to the desire to finally be realized, this day Qian Xuesen carrying his wife Jiang Ying and a pair of young children, boarded the ”Cleveland President“ ship, set foot on the journey back to the motherland. October 1, 1955 morning, Qian Xuesen finally returned to his dream of the motherland, back to his hometown.
After returning home
After returning, Zhou Enlai in all respects have given Qian Xuesen cordial and meticulous care, his later years Qian Xuesen also excitedly recalled a past: 1970, China's first artificial satellite ”Dongfanghong“ launch on the eve of Premier Zhou Enlai convened the relevant Researchers in the Great Hall of the meeting, parting, Premier Zhou Enlai deliberately stopped Qian Xuesen: Qian Xuesen, you do not be too tired. Qian Xuesen often said to his people, the deepest impact on his life and help the largest two people, one is the founding Premier Zhou Enlai, one is his father-in-law Jiang Baili.
In the same year, the State Council and the Central Military Commission, according to his proposal, set up a leading body of missile and aviation science research, the Aviation Industry Committee, and appointed the State Council and the State Council to set up a report on the establishment of the national defense aviation industry. He is a member.
In 1956 to participate in China's first five years of scientific planning to determine, Qian Xuesen and Qian Weichang, Qian Sanqiang together, was Zhou Enlai called the Chinese science and technology sector, ”three money“, Qian Xuesen ordered the formation of China's first rocket, missile research institute - Fifth Institute of Defense and served as the first president.
In 1956, he served as director of the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, researcher. Working in mechanics before and after 1972. At the second plenary session of the Second National Committee of the CPPCC, he was elected as the second member of the CPPCC National Committee.
In 1957, at the Qian Xuesen initiative, the Chinese Society of Mechanics was established, Qian Xuesen was unanimously elected as the first chairman. On February 18, Premier Chou En-lai signed an order to appoint Qian Xuesen as the first president of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense. On November 16, Premier Chou En-lai appointed Qian Xuesen as the president of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense. In the same year, Qian Xuesen's ”Engineering Cybernetics“ won the first prize of the Natural Science Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and was elected by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In June 1957, the Preparatory Committee of the Chinese Society of Automation was established in Beijing, Qian Xuesen as chairman. In September the same year, the International Association for the establishment of the General Assembly recommended Qian Xuesen as the first IFAC Council executive director.
In 1958, in order to cultivate talents for the two-player project, Qian Xuesen was founded by the University of Science and Technology of China at the request of the establishment of the ”Star Trek Academy“. Qian Xuesen was the director of the Department of Modern Mechanics of China University of Science and Technology and became the founding of the University of Science and Technology of China One of the people. By Du Runsheng, Yang Gangyi introduced to join the Communist Party of China.
In 1959, he was elected as the representative of the Second National People's Congress. And were elected as the third, fourth and fifth National People's Congress representatives.
September 19, 1959, Qian Xuesen made a special trip from Beijing to Shanghai from Xi'an to Xi'an Jiaotong University to visit the campus, visit teachers and students.
In 1960, he served as vice president of the Fifth Institute of the Ministry of Defense, and no longer serve as president of the hospital branch. Since then, Qian Xuesen's main duties have been deputy, by the fifth research institute vice president, to the seventh deputy minister of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and then to the National Defense Science and Technology Committee, deputy director, specializing in China's national defense science and technology development of major technical problems.
On November 15, 1960, under the guidance of Marshal Nie Rongzhen personally, he was appointed as the director of General Zhang Aiping, Sun Jixian, Qian Xuesen and Wang Zheng as the deputy director of the trial committee, successfully organized in China Jiuquan launch site of China's first Flight test of the missile.
In 1961, he was elected as the first president of the Chinese Society of Automation. In 1962, ”Physical mechanics lecture“ published. In 1963, ”Introduction to Star Wars“ published. In 1965, he served as Vice Minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry (Missile Industry).
October 27, 1966, Qian Xuesen to assist Nie Rongzhen marshal, in the Jiuquan launch site directly led the use of short-range missiles carrying atomic bomb ”two bombs combined“ flight experiment, a complete success. In 1968, he served as Dean of the Fifth Research Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (today's China Institute of Space Technology).
In 1969, he was elected as the representative of the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and alternate member of the Ninth Central Committee. And have been elected as the tenth, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen national congress representatives, tenth, eleven, twelve Central Committee alternate members.
In 1970, he served as deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Committee, and no longer concurrently the Fifth People's Liberation Army Research Institute.
In 1979, in the United States formally established diplomatic relations, by the United States California Institute of Technology ”Distinguished Alumni Award“ (Distinguished Alumni Award). But Qian Xuesen did not go to the United States to accept this honor.
In 1980, he was elected Vice Chairman of the First National Committee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. In 1986, he was elected Chairman of the Third National Committee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology.
In 1982, he served as deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the National Defense Science and Technology Industry Committee. Was elected honorary chairman of the Chinese Society of Mechanics. He is the Dean of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and is also the dean of the branch of the hospital (today's China Launch Vehicle Technology Institute). ”On System Engineering“ published in 1988, ”on the system engineering“ (updated version) published.
In 1984, at the fifth session of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician) General Assembly, was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences presidium executive chairman. In 1992, at the sixth session of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician), he was hired as honorary chairman of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In 1985, Qian Xuesen's contribution to China's strategic missile technology, as the first prize winner and Tu Shouying, Yao Tongbin, Hao Fujian, Liang Shili, Zhuang Fenggan, Li Xu and other national science and technology progress award.
In 1986, at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), he was elected Vice Chairman of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and elected as vice chairman of the seventh and eighth National Committee of the CPPCC.
In 1987, was hired as the National Defense Science and Technology Industry Committee of Science and Technology Committee senior adviser. ”Scientific and Systems Engineering of Socialist Modernization“ published. May 3, 1987, served as honorary chairman of the Chinese Academy of Human Sciences.
In 1988, concurrently served as director of the seventh session of the National Committee of Science and Technology Committee. Won the (1985) National Science and Technology Progress Award. ”About Thinking Science“ published. In 1988, ”on human science“ published. ”The creation of human science“, ”human science and modern science and technology development perspective“ and ”on human science and modern science and technology“ were published in 1989, , .
In 1989, he was awarded the title of ”WF Little Rockwell Medal“, ”World-Class Science and Engineering Celebrity“ and ”Honorary Member of the International Institute of Science and Technology“ awarded by the International Technology and Technology Exchange Conference and the International Institute of Science and Technology. medal. ”Qian Xuesen Collection (1938 ~ 1956)“ published.
In 1991, at the first plenary session of the Fourth National Committee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, he was awarded the honorary title of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. Was elected honorary chairman of the China Aerodynamics Society (1989 renamed the China Aerodynamics Society). Was elected honorary chairman of the China Society of Systems Engineering.
In 1994, at the first academician conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, he was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. ”On the Geography Science“ published. ”Urban Science and Landscape City“ published.
In 1995, he was awarded the first (1994) ”He Liang He Li Fund Excellence Award“ (later renamed the ”He Liang He Li Foundation Science and Technology Achievement Award“) issued by He Liang He Li Fund.
In 1995, approved by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Xi'an Jiaotong University Library named Qian Xuesen library, when he was chairman Jiang Zemin inscribed the name of the museum.
In 1998, was hired as the PLA General Armament Department of Science and Technology Committee senior adviser. In the ninth Academy of Chinese Academy of Sciences Conference and the Chinese Academy of Engineering at the fourth academician conference, was awarded the ”Chinese Academy of Sciences senior academician“ ”Chinese Academy of Engineering senior academician“ title.
In , the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission awarded the ”two bombs and one satellite meritorious service medal.“
In , ”Qian Xuesen manuscript (1938 ~ 1955)“ published.
December 11, , Jiang Zemin visited Qian Xuesen, then Vice Premier Li Lanqing also visit, ”on the macro-architecture and micro-architecture“, ”the sixth industrial revolution communications set“, ”create the system“ published. 1995, 1996 and 1999 Jiang Zemin had three times to Qian Xuesen home to visit him.
On the 90th birthday of 2001, Prof. Frank E. Marble, a friend of the United States in the United States, was commissioned by D.Baltimore, president of the California Institute of Technology, and made a special trip to Beijing to award the award and medal of the ”Outstanding Alumni Award“ to Qian Xuesen and elected to the China Aerospace Society Honorary chairman.
December 11, 2001 90 birthday, Qian Xuesen alma mater Shanghai Jiaotong University inscription: ”I hope all the teachers and students of Shanghai Jiaotong University to inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of his alma mater, love the motherland, advocating science, the pursuit of truth, to serve the people, The first century, and strive to Shanghai Jiaotong University into a world-class university. “Qian Xuesen has always been his alma mater, fully carry forward the Jiaotong University drinking water source of the glorious tradition.
October 31, 2009 Beijing time at 8:6 am, Qian Xuesen died in Beijing, at the age of 98 years old.
钱学森的英文简介相关
Qian Xuesen (1911.12.11-.10.31), the Han nationality, Wu Yue Wang Qian 镠 33rd Sun, was born in Shanghai, native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province Lin'an. The world's leading scientist, aerodynamics, the founder of China's manned space, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, China's two bombs a meritorious service medal winner, known as ”the father of China's space“ ”China's father of the missile“ Automation control of the father ”and“ the king of the rocket ”, as Qian Xuesen returned to the effectiveness of the Chinese missile, the atomic bomb launch forward for at least 20 years.
In 1934, graduated from the National Institute of Mechanical and Power Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, former Massachusetts Institute of Technology and California Institute of Technology professor. In 1955, in the Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai's fight back to China. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1959 and served as director of the Department of Modern Mechanics of the China University of Science and Technology, director of the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice minister of the Seventh Machinery Industry Department, deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, honorary chairman of the China Science and Technology Association, Vice Chairman of the Sixth, 7th and 8th National Commissions of the Consultative Conference, Member of the Department of Mathematics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Astronautical Society, Senior Consultant of the General Technology Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and other important positions of the China Society of Automation. , The second chairman. In 1995, approved by the Central Propaganda Department and Qian Xuesen himself agreed that his alma mater, Xi'an Jiaotong University, named the library as Qian Xuesen Library, and then wrote the name of the Communist Party of China by Comrade Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. October 31, 2009 Beijing time at 8:6 am, Qian Xuesen died in Beijing, at the age of 98 years old.
In order to further promote Comrade Qian Xuesen patriotism, innovation, dedication of the performance and spirit, the central research, decided to Shanghai Jiaotong University Xuhui campus construction Qian Xuesen library. December 8, , to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Qian Xuesen forum held in the Great Hall of the people.
Before going abroad
Qian Xuesen was born in 1911 in Shanghai, native of Lin'an City, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. In September 1923, into the Beijing Normal University secondary school.
1929 was admitted to the Ministry of Railways Jiaotong University Shanghai School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Railway Engineering, 1934 graduated from the National Jiaotong University (now Shanghai Jiaotong University and Xi'an Jiaotong University), in June to obtain the seventh session of Tsinghua University students.
In September 1935, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics, September 1936 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a master's degree in aviation engineering, after the California Institute of Technology Aviation Department of learning, become the world's leading scientist von Carmen (Theodore von Kármán), and soon became the most important student of von Carmen.
He has a master's degree in aviation engineering and a doctorate in aviation and mathematics. July 1938 to August 1955, Qian Xuesen in the United States engaged in aerodynamics, solid mechanics and rockets, missiles and other fields of research, and with the mentor to complete the high-speed aerodynamics research topics and the establishment of “Carmen - Qian Xuesen” formula, At the age of twenty-eight became a world-renowned aerodynist.
In 1939, he received a doctorate in aviation from the California Institute of Technology. In 1943, he was an assistant professor at the California Institute of Technology. In 1945, he was an associate professor at the California Institute of Technology. In 1947, he was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In 1947, married in Shanghai and Jiang Ying. In 1949, he was the director and professor of the Jet Propulsion Center of the California Institute of Technology. In 1953, Qian Xuesen formally put forward the concept of physical mechanics, advocated from the micro-law of matter to determine its macro-mechanical characteristics, opened up a new field of high temperature and pressure. In 1954, “Engineering Cybernetics” published in English, the Russian version of the book, German version, the Chinese version was in 1956, 1957, published in 1958. In 1958 he was the director of modern mechanics department of China University of Science and Technology.
Was detained
1949
When the news of the birth of the People's Republic of China came to the United States, Qian Xuesen and his wife Jiang Ying will discuss the early return to the motherland, for their own national effectiveness. At this time the United States, led by McCarthy to the Communists to conduct a comprehensive tracing, and set off in the United States to drive an employee loyal to the US government's frenzy. Qian Xuesen was suspected of being a communist and refused to expose his friends, by the US military department suddenly revoked the certificate to participate in confidential research. Qian Xuesen very angry, as a reason to return home.
In 1950, when Qian was ready to return home, he was stopped by US officials and imprisoned in prison. Dan A. Kimball, then chief of the US Navy, claimed that Qian Xuesen, wherever he went, On the five divisions of the troops. Since then, Qian Xuesen was persecuted by the US government, but also lost valuable freedom, he lost about 30 pounds a month or so. The immigration department copied his home and detained him for 14 days on the island of Tennessee until he received the $ 15,000 huge bail sent by the California Institute of Technology. Later, the customs confiscated his luggage, including 800 kilograms of books and notebooks. The US prosecutor once again examined all of his material before proving that he was innocent.
Hard to return
In the early 1950s
Qian Xuesen news of persecution in the United States soon spread to China, Chinese science and technology friends through a variety of ways to support Qian Xuesen. The CPC Central Committee is extremely concerned about the situation of the United States in the United States, the Chinese government issued a statement publicly condemned the US government in violation of their wishes in the case of imprisonment of Qian Xuesen.
In 1954, a chance, he saw in the newspaper Chen Shutong standing on the tower of Tiananmen Square, the identity of the National People's Congress Standing Committee vice chairman, he decided to give the father of a good friend to write for help. While Premier Zhou Enlai was very anxious for this time, when he was vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Chen Shutong received a letter sent from the other side of the ocean. He opened a look, signed “Qian Xuesen”, the original is to ask the motherland government to help him return home.
In April 1954, the five countries of the United States and Britain and the Soviet Union held an international conference to discuss and resolve the DPRK issue and to restore peace in Indochina in Geneva. Zhou Enlai, head of the Chinese delegation attending the meeting, was reminded that a group of foreign students and scientists in China were detained in the United States and instructed the Americans that if the British diplomats had been able to clear the relationship with us, we should seize this opportunity and open up new Contact channel.
Wang Bingnan, secretary general of the Chinese delegation, began his preliminary talks with the United States and Vice-Premier of the United States on June 5, 1954. The United States has submitted a list of some US military personnel in the United States in China and detained by China, asking China to give them the opportunity to return home. In order to express China's sincerity, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan to make concessions in the third meeting of China and the United States held on June 15, 1954, and also asked the United States to stop the detention of Chinese students such as Qian Xuesen.
However, the legitimate demands of the Chinese side were unreasonably rejected by the US side. July 21, 1954, the Geneva meeting closed. In order not to interrupt the communication channel, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan and the United States to agree that since July 22, 1954, the consular level talks in Geneva. In order to further express China's sincerity towards Sino-US talks, China released four seized US pilots.
China's concessions, and ultimately to fight for the United States and other scientists to return to the United States as soon as possible, but in this critical issue, the United States on behalf of Johnson or China can not get money to learn the real reason to return, that is not let go.
In 1955, after the continuous efforts of Premier Chou En-lai in his diplomatic negotiations with the United States - even including the release of 11 US pilots captured in the Korean War as an exchange. On August 4, 1955, Qian Xuesen received the US immigration office to allow him Notice of return. September 17, 1955, Qian Xuesen return to the desire to finally be realized, this day Qian Xuesen carrying his wife Jiang Ying and a pair of young children, boarded the “Cleveland President” ship, set foot on the journey back to the motherland. October 1, 1955 morning, Qian Xuesen finally returned to his dream of the motherland, back to his hometown.
After returning home
After returning, Zhou Enlai in all respects have given Qian Xuesen cordial and meticulous care, his later years Qian Xuesen also excitedly recalled a past: 1970, China's first artificial satellite “Dongfanghong” launch on the eve of Premier Zhou Enlai convened the relevant Researchers in the Great Hall of the meeting, parting, Premier Zhou Enlai deliberately stopped Qian Xuesen: Qian Xuesen, you do not be too tired. Qian Xuesen often said to his people, the deepest impact on his life and help the largest two people, one is the founding Premier Zhou Enlai, one is his father-in-law Jiang Baili.
In the same year, the State Council and the Central Military Commission, according to his proposal, set up a leading body of missile and aviation science research, the Aviation Industry Committee, and appointed the State Council and the State Council to set up a report on the establishment of the national defense aviation industry. He is a member.
In 1956 to participate in China's first five years of scientific planning to determine, Qian Xuesen and Qian Weichang, Qian Sanqiang together, was Zhou Enlai called the Chinese science and technology sector, “three money”, Qian Xuesen ordered the formation of China's first rocket, missile research institute - Fifth Institute of Defense and served as the first president.
In 1956, he served as director of the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, researcher. Working in mechanics before and after 1972. At the second plenary session of the Second National Committee of the CPPCC, he was elected as the second member of the CPPCC National Committee.
In 1957, at the Qian Xuesen initiative, the Chinese Society of Mechanics was established, Qian Xuesen was unanimously elected as the first chairman. On February 18, Premier Chou En-lai signed an order to appoint Qian Xuesen as the first president of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense. On November 16, Premier Chou En-lai appointed Qian Xuesen as the president of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense. In the same year, Qian Xuesen's “Engineering Cybernetics” won the first prize of the Natural Science Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and was elected by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In June 1957, the Preparatory Committee of the Chinese Society of Automation was established in Beijing, Qian Xuesen as chairman. In September the same year, the International Association for the establishment of the General Assembly recommended Qian Xuesen as the first IFAC Council executive director.
In 1958, in order to cultivate talents for the two-player project, Qian Xuesen was founded by the University of Science and Technology of China at the request of the establishment of the “Star Trek Academy”. Qian Xuesen was the director of the Department of Modern Mechanics of China University of Science and Technology and became the founding of the University of Science and Technology of China One of the people. By Du Runsheng, Yang Gangyi introduced to join the Communist Party of China.
In 1959, he was elected as the representative of the Second National People's Congress. And were elected as the third, fourth and fifth National People's Congress representatives.
September 19, 1959, Qian Xuesen made a special trip from Beijing to Shanghai from Xi'an to Xi'an Jiaotong University to visit the campus, visit teachers and students.
In 1960, he served as vice president of the Fifth Institute of the Ministry of Defense, and no longer serve as president of the hospital branch. Since then, Qian Xuesen's main duties have been deputy, by the fifth research institute vice president, to the seventh deputy minister of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and then to the National Defense Science and Technology Committee, deputy director, specializing in China's national defense science and technology development of major technical problems.
On November 15, 1960, under the guidance of Marshal Nie Rongzhen personally, he was appointed as the director of General Zhang Aiping, Sun Jixian, Qian Xuesen and Wang Zheng as the deputy director of the trial committee, successfully organized in China Jiuquan launch site of China's first Flight test of the missile.
In 1961, he was elected as the first president of the Chinese Society of Automation. In 1962, “Physical mechanics lecture” published. In 1963, “Introduction to Star Wars” published. In 1965, he served as Vice Minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry (Missile Industry).
October 27, 1966, Qian Xuesen to assist Nie Rongzhen marshal, in the Jiuquan launch site directly led the use of short-range missiles carrying atomic bomb “two bombs combined” flight experiment, a complete success. In 1968, he served as Dean of the Fifth Research Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (today's China Institute of Space Technology).
In 1969, he was elected as the representative of the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and alternate member of the Ninth Central Committee. And have been elected as the tenth, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen national congress representatives, tenth, eleven, twelve Central Committee alternate members.
In 1970, he served as deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Committee, and no longer concurrently the Fifth People's Liberation Army Research Institute.
In 1979, in the United States formally established diplomatic relations, by the United States California Institute of Technology “Distinguished Alumni Award” (Distinguished Alumni Award). But Qian Xuesen did not go to the United States to accept this honor.
In 1980, he was elected Vice Chairman of the First National Committee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. In 1986, he was elected Chairman of the Third National Committee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology.
In 1982, he served as deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the National Defense Science and Technology Industry Committee. Was elected honorary chairman of the Chinese Society of Mechanics. He is the Dean of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and is also the dean of the branch of the hospital (today's China Launch Vehicle Technology Institute). “On System Engineering” published in 1988, “on the system engineering” (updated version) published.
In 1984, at the fifth session of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician) General Assembly, was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences presidium executive chairman. In 1992, at the sixth session of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician), he was hired as honorary chairman of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In 1985, Qian Xuesen's contribution to China's strategic missile technology, as the first prize winner and Tu Shouying, Yao Tongbin, Hao Fujian, Liang Shili, Zhuang Fenggan, Li Xu and other national science and technology progress award.
In 1986, at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), he was elected Vice Chairman of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and elected as vice chairman of the seventh and eighth National Committee of the CPPCC.
In 1987, was hired as the National Defense Science and Technology Industry Committee of Science and Technology Committee senior adviser. “Scientific and Systems Engineering of Socialist Modernization” published. May 3, 1987, served as honorary chairman of the Chinese Academy of Human Sciences.
In 1988, concurrently served as director of the seventh session of the National Committee of Science and Technology Committee. Won the (1985) National Science and Technology Progress Award. “About Thinking Science” published. In 1988, “on human science” published. “The creation of human science”, “human science and modern science and technology development perspective” and “on human science and modern science and technology” were published in 1989, , .
In 1989, he was awarded the title of “WF Little Rockwell Medal”, “World-Class Science and Engineering Celebrity” and “Honorary Member of the International Institute of Science and Technology” awarded by the International Technology and Technology Exchange Conference and the International Institute of Science and Technology. medal. “Qian Xuesen Collection (1938 ~ 1956)” published.
In 1991, at the first plenary session of the Fourth National Committee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, he was awarded the honorary title of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. Was elected honorary chairman of the China Aerodynamics Society (1989 renamed the China Aerodynamics Society). Was elected honorary chairman of the China Society of Systems Engineering.
In 1994, at the first academician conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, he was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. “On the Geography Science” published. “Urban Science and Landscape City” published.
In 1995, he was awarded the first (1994) “He Liang He Li Fund Excellence Award” (later renamed the “He Liang He Li Foundation Science and Technology Achievement Award”) issued by He Liang He Li Fund.
In 1995, approved by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Xi'an Jiaotong University Library named Qian Xuesen library, when he was chairman Jiang Zemin inscribed the name of the museum.
In 1998, was hired as the PLA General Armament Department of Science and Technology Committee senior adviser. In the ninth Academy of Chinese Academy of Sciences Conference and the Chinese Academy of Engineering at the fourth academician conference, was awarded the “Chinese Academy of Sciences senior academician” “Chinese Academy of Engineering senior academician” title.
In , the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission awarded the “two bombs and one satellite meritorious service medal.”
In , “Qian Xuesen manuscript (1938 ~ 1955)” published.
December 11, , Jiang Zemin visited Qian Xuesen, then Vice Premier Li Lanqing also visit, “on the macro-architecture and micro-architecture”, “the sixth industrial revolution communications set”, “create the system” published. 1995, 1996 and 1999 Jiang Zemin had three times to Qian Xuesen home to visit him.
On the 90th birthday of 2001, Prof. Frank E. Marble, a friend of the United States in the United States, was commissioned by D.Baltimore, president of the California Institute of Technology, and made a special trip to Beijing to award the award and medal of the “Outstanding Alumni Award” to Qian Xuesen and elected to the China Aerospace Society Honorary chairman.
December 11, 2001 90 birthday, Qian Xuesen alma mater Shanghai Jiaotong University inscription: “I hope all the teachers and students of Shanghai Jiaotong University to inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of his alma mater, love the motherland, advocating science, the pursuit of truth, to serve the people, The first century, and strive to Shanghai Jiaotong University into a world-class university. ”Qian Xuesen has always been his alma mater, fully carry forward the Jiaotong University drinking water source of the glorious tradition.
October 31, 2009 Beijing time at 8:6 am, Qian Xuesen died in Beijing, at the age of 98 years old.
《钱学森》一文是苏教版小学语文第十一册第19课。本文主要写了钱学森身在美国，心系祖国，最后通过努力终于回到了祖国的怀抱，为我国运载火箭、导弹的研制和发射做出了卓越的贡献。学习本文，既要让学生感受爱国报国的赤子深情，又要让学生们受到爱国主义、人文主义的熏陶。
课文的语言简洁、朴素。通过语言展示人物的内心世界，表现强烈的爱国情怀，是本篇的重要写作特色；学起于思，思起于疑，找出钱学森说的两段话，一起品读感悟。让学生联系上下文和抓关键字词来体会钱学森赤诚的爱国精神。
教学目标 ：
1、能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。
2、学习本课8个生字，理解课文中的主要词语。
3、通过反复朗读课文，感悟人物语言所包含的情感，使学生受到热爱祖国的美好情感的熏陶。
教学重点：第三段为本课的教学重点。
教学准备：1、查找当时的历史背景。2、查找有关钱学森的资料。3、文中的图，文字投影。
教学时间：2课时
第一课时
教学目标 ：
1、正确、流利朗读课文。
2、学习本课8个生字，理解课文中的主要词语。
3、弄清自然段的意思，给课文分段。
教学过程 ：
一：揭题。
板书 14 钱学森
交流课前查找的有关钱学森的资料。
二：自学课文。
1、读准生字的'字音，认清字形。
2、边读边想，读懂主要词语
3、读通课文，与同学互读检查纠错。
4、交流。（1）生字的音形。（2）读书纠音。
5、默读课文，质疑解疑。
6、读懂每一个自然段的意思，想想哪几个自然段是写了同一个意思，给课文初步分清段落。
7、浏览课文，说说课文是按什么方法叙述的。
三：作业 。
1、抄写生字词。
2、继续朗读课文。
第二课时
教学目标 ：
1、有感情地朗读课文。
2、通过反复朗读课文，感悟人物语言所包含的情感，使学生受到热爱祖国的美好情感的熏陶。
一：导入 。
同学们，上堂课我们初读了课文，你觉得钱学森是怎样一个人？
从课文中哪里看出来。
二：学习课文。
1、学习读课文，在课文中找一找，并用笔划出来。
2、小组讨论。
3、交流。
（1）“眺望着水天一色的远方，他屈指一算，已经在海上航行15天了。想到前方就是自己魂牵梦绕的祖国，他多么希望脚下不是轮船的甲板，而是火箭的舱壁啊！”归心似箭。
（2）“我是中国人。我现在所做的一切，都是在做准备，为的是回到祖国后能为人民多做点事。”从钱学森的话你感受到了什么？指导朗读，说说朗读时的心情。
（3）“这一年的中秋之夜，钱学森和十几位中国留学生一起欢度中华民族的传统节日。俗话说：'每逢佳节倍思亲'。他们……感到格外兴奋。”读读感悟，再读读。
（4）“我们日夜盼望的，就是祖国能够从黑暗走向光明……我们应当回去的。”品读感悟。
……
三：总结。
钱学森爷爷在美国时，一刻也没有忘记祖国，放弃了美国优厚的待遇，毅然回到当时还很贫穷落后的祖国，为祖国的运载火箭和导弹的研制及发射作出了卓越的贡献。
此时，你想对钱学森爷爷说什么？
四：作业 。
1、抄课文中的成语。
2、课文后练习4：在空白处填上本课的词语，这想一想还可以填什么词语。
3、文中的诗句出自谁人之作？请你背一背，默一默。
第三课时
教学目标 ：
1、继续朗读课文。
2、指导复述课文。
教学过程 ：
一：导入 。
上堂课，我们学习了第十四课，在你的眼里钱学森爷爷是怎样的一位科学家？
二：朗读课文。
1、把你感动的地方或欣赏的地方再读读，说说你为什么感动。
2、朗读展示。
三：指导复述。
1、按时间的顺序，尽量用上书上的词语，自由准备。
2、同桌互说、评价。
3、推荐复述好的同学，讲给大家听。
4、评议，重点评议复述过程的情节的清晰、语言的通畅以及感情流露的真切。
四：作业 。
钱学森被誉为“中国导弹之父”，收集资料加以说明。
一、教材分析
“无论到哪里，他都抵得上五个师。”这是当年美国海军的一个高级将领对一位华人下的评语，他不是别人，正是本文的主人公DD被誉为“中国航天之父”和“火箭之王”的钱学森。优厚的.待遇、先进的科研条件甚至生命的威胁都没能阻止钱学森回国的决心，本文讲述的就是这样的一个故事。
教材所处的地位和作用
本文是苏教版六年级上册语文第六单元第二篇课文。本单元所选的名家之作，反映了不同时期，不同国家，不同身份人的爱国之情。让学生感受爱国报国的赤子深情。学习本文，是要让学生们受到爱国主义、人文主义的熏陶。
二、教学目标
美国教育学家布卢说过：“科学地确定学习目标是教学的首要环节，有效的教学始于知道希望达到的目标是什么。”现代教学理论的基本观点是：学会学习，学会做人，学会生存，学会创造。用现代教学论基本观点来指导教学，课堂教学的目的和任务一定也必须使学生从低效、沉重、苦闷的学习重负下解放出来，不但使其学会，而且要使他乐学、会学、善学。因此我制定了本课的教学目标：
知识目标
了解钱学森的生平和爱国情怀。
能力目标
1、感知课文对钱学森的刻画，体会作者的崇敬、赞美之情。
2、品评语言，学习抓住人物语言、神情描写人物特点的方法。
三、教学重、难点
教学重点
品评语言，学习抓住人物语言、神情描写人物特点的方法。
教学难点
理解课文中重要语句的含义，感受钱学森爱国报国的赤子之心。
四、教法、学法
1、说教法
教有常法，但无定法，重在得法，贵在用法。教学不仅仅是一门科学，更是一门艺术，怎么坚持“以人为本”和语文“工具性与人文性相结合”的原则，选择最适合的教学方法，才充分体现学生的主体作用，让课堂呈现一种自主合作探究的气氛，使教学互动起来，促进学生的发展，因此本课我采用了朗读法、质疑法。
朗读法：教学千法，朗读为本。学生对文章人物品质的感悟是通过读来完成的。
质疑法：学起于思，思起于疑，疑则诱发探究，通过探索，才能发现真理。对于字词句的难点，我采用了质疑的方法，让学生利用工具书，自主学习，将自学中遇到的难词难句摘下来质疑问难，通过生生、师生交流得以解决。
2、说学法
学生学习语文，如何在学习中养成一种学习习惯，教师在教学过程中，应该注意方法的渗透与引导，使学生学习上有一个方向，对今后学习有很大的帮助。因此学法上我引导学生采用圈点勾画法、比较法、讨论法。
圈点勾画法：学生学习过程中难免遇到生字难词，需要学生圈点勾画出来，反复诵读，品味精彩的句子，从而领会作者的创作意图。
讨论法：教师尽情的展现自我的教学机智，利用一个词语或文中的一个句子，给学生提出疑惑，好比一石激起千层浪，学生的思维被激活，势必造成思辩的课堂气氛，在讨论中理解课文的中心，深入作者的思想境地，可以说是一种好的学习方法。
五、具体做法
（一）创意设境，激情引趣，快乐走进课文。
兴趣是最好的动力。心理学家布鲁纳说：“学习的最好刺激，是对所学材料的兴趣。”巧妙、新颖的导入，能引发学生的学习欲望，使其产生学习动机，全身心地投入到教学活动中去。“好的开头，是成功的一半”在上课伊始，教师的激趣方法越高超，学生的学习积极性就会越高，教学的效果就会越好。教师要善于创设各种情趣、意境，引领学生始终兴致勃勃地投入到学习中去。
在教学《钱学森》一文时，学生对钱学森是陌生的，对他为国家所做的贡献更是一无所知。我首先利用学校有利条件，在大屏幕上播放一段“嫦娥一号”探月卫星发射升空的视频，伴随着激昂的音乐，精彩的多媒体画面，再加上控制室火箭升空的倒计时口令，给学生提供了初步视觉印象，唤起了学生民族自豪感。这时介绍钱学森为中国火箭和导弹技术的发展提出了极为重要的实施方案。他长期担任火箭导弹和航天器研制的技术领导职务，对中国火箭导弹和航天事业的发展作出了重大贡献。这样的运用，为学生的情感体验和阅读材料的创造性理解提供了铺垫。看到学生的学习欲望被调动，于是我顺势而导：“请同学们把课文读一读，找出钱学森说的两段话。”
把学生引入课文的学习中。只要能激起学生强烈的求知欲望，使学生自觉调动自身所有感官，带着好奇，带着情趣，全身心地投入，进行自主、快乐地学习，那么课堂教学已成功了一半。
（二）巧借网络，激发阅读欲望，品析语言文字。
语文教材中有许多课文背后隐藏着重要的背景故事，并且这些背景与课文内容的联系还比较紧密。利用信息技术整合进行的语文教学，就能拓展学生的学习的空间。利用信息技术激发起来的学习兴趣及时诱导到研读文字、学习课文上来，就能更进一步诱发学生较高层次的阅读愿望。
如在教学过程中，在对冯卡门的介绍，美国政府对钱学森的迫害以及钱学森回国后为国家做的贡献这三处，我就利用多媒体技术出示了收集到的资料。通过这些资料就能很好地把当时钱学森在美国享受的优越条件展示在学生面前，而钱学森就是在这样的待遇面前，在遭受到美国政府残酷迫害下坚持回国的爱国情感表露无遗。这样的运用，对本课的重点突出、难点突破有很好地帮助作用。
（三）音乐渲染，感受课文的情感意境。
音乐是流动的画面，悦耳的诗篇。语文也是一首流动的诗，语文教学需要浪漫主义情怀。语文课的教学中，教师的情感投入是至关重要的，需要我们全身心地投入，准确地抓住教材的情感点和学生的情感点，再让音乐与文章表达的情感交融在一起，使学生在浓郁的情感中想象、顿悟，在激荡的情感中受到感染，受到熏陶和激励。
教学钱学森准备回国这一部分时，在分析、体会了文章，感受到钱学森浓浓的爱国情感后，为了深化这一主题，我播放了一首《我的中国心》，师生同唱这一爱国歌曲，营造氛围。然后生成话题：“你认为《我的中国心》的歌词中，哪一句最能表现钱学森的爱国感情？”学生的情绪在受到听觉的冲击下再次被点燃。这种效果是在我试教中所没有的。
在本课的最后，我设计了一个小练笔：“为钱学森写一个颁奖词。”以升华主题。在悠扬的音乐中，学生把这一节课的感受都融入到了文字当中。正是有了前面充分的理解，学生写出了感人的颁奖词，下面我摘录了几段：
生：你有一颗滚烫的爱国之心，有始终强烈的爱国情感，你带给国家的是兴旺和富强。
生：一个伟大的名字――钱学森。正是你，为能早日回国坚持不懈；正是你，为国家的发展做出了卓越的贡献。因为你知道“你是一个中国人！”
生：在你心中：金钱是轻的，名誉是轻的，最重的是自己魂牵梦绕的祖国。
歌以咏怀，言为心声！此处借助歌曲的魅力又把教学推向了一个高潮。
语文教学是学生、文本、作者之间的情感体验，更是逻辑思维与形象思维的有机结合。在教学中，利用信息技术的多样性激发学生学习兴趣，充分调动学生学习的积极性、主动性，不断提高学生创新意识和教师的教学水平，从而优化小学语文课堂教学。
在中国有许许多多的科学家，最近我读到的这位科学家就是我们的“导弹之父”――钱学森。他发明的原子弹让中国的科技有了突飞猛进的发展，他不仅仅是一位科学家，更是我们中国人的骄傲！
钱学森从小就是一个勤奋好学的孩子。在学校，他是一个品学兼优的学生，是一个“小问号”，天天都有问不完的问题。在家里，他总喜欢待在父亲的书房里阅读各种各样的书籍，像海绵吸水一般不停地汲取着书中的知识，有历史的、文学的、科学的。他还有丰富的观察力和动手能力，在学校的飞镖比赛中，他用自己研制的飞镖获得了第一名。
后来，因为他拥有丰富的学识，美国人不想放弃这样的人才，便不想让他回国，于是提出了优越的留美条件，但是钱学森毅然决然要回到祖国的怀抱，为国家作贡献。回国后，他一心钻研导弹事业，在钱学森的帮助下，中国研究出第一颗仿制导弹、人造卫星东方红一号和第一颗洲际导弹，并且发射成功。钱学森因此获得了“终身成就最高荣誉奖”！他为祖国带来了无穷的宝藏！
在我看来，不仅仅是对于科学而言，学习也是一样，没有付出，就没有收获，只有用心去学习，才能获得成功。我们应该从小培养自己爱学习的习惯，长大才能成为一个对社会有用的人才。
自从读了《钱学森的飞镖》之后，我心中一直在告诉自己：我要向钱学森学习，从小养成注重细节，善于思考的好习惯。
以前我也玩过飞镖，和同学们玩时，有时飞得过同学，有时飞不过同学，我从来没有想过里面的奥秘。钱学森不光玩，还注重研究。他发现玩飞镖时：飞镖的头不能太重，重了就会往下扎；也不能太轻，头轻了，尾巴就沉了，先是向上飞，然后往下栽；翅膀太小了，飞起来不平衡，太大了呢？就飞不远，爱兜圈儿。小小的飞镖里面的学问真多呀！钱学森从小就是个注意细节的人。我不禁想到我平时就不太注意细节。上一次，数学考试时，题目要我们求面积，我很快就算出了结果，可在写得数时没注意却把长度单位写上去了，我真马虎，白白把 2 分丢掉了。与钱学森比，我现在是有点差劲了，可我暗暗下定决心，从今往后，就要细心观察，用心体验生活，从生活中找到快乐，珍惜一分一秒的时间，从玩中学到更多的知识。
成功从来都不是一蹴而就的'。人们常说：“万丈高楼平地起”我一定要向钱学森学习，注意生活中的细节，从点点滴滴做起，一步一个脚钱，将来成为社会的栋梁，像钱学森那样为祖国的强大作业贡献！
★ 《钱学森》教案
★ 钱学森观后感
★ 钱学森读后感
★ 钱学森颁奖词
★ 钱学森语录
★ 钱学森的名言
