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英语常见单词用法辨析
desire, wish, hope, expect, want, long
这些动词都有“希望”之意。
desire : 语气较正式庄重，着重渴望的力量与热切，常含有强烈的意图和目的。
They greatly desired to come to China.（他们非常想到中国来。）
wish : 语气较弱，多指难于实现或不可能实现的愿望。
How I wish I was there with you.（我要是也在那儿和你们在一起就好了。）
hope : 指对愿望实现有一定信心的`希望。
We have had no news from him but we're still hoping.（我们没有他的消息, 但我们仍在希望着能有。）
expect : 通常指有很大程度的把握，但仍含有预料之意，或预计某事或某行动的发生。
We expect writers to produce more and better works.（我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。）
want : 一般指所想要的东西是切望得到的东西，能弥补实际需要。
I want your promise.（我希望你答应。）
long : 语气强，指极殷切地盼望着，这种盼望侧重于很难或不可能得到的东西。有时也指一般愿望，但含一定感情色彩。
We are longing to see you.（我们极想见到你。）
常见英语同义词用法错误辨析
注意下面列举的用法错误(划线部分的)属于词汇用法问题，而不是语法结构问题。
启示：词典(英汉、汉英、电子)的正确使用方法。
一、单词错误
(一)名词错误
1. How perfect your personal technology, if you don’t work …, you’ll lose the match. (skills)
2. …, I will make the distance short between the rich and the poor in my hometown. (gap)
3. Only one short sentence can encourage her/his child very much. (a few words)
4. You will have a cheerful emotion (mood)
5. Since…, people’s life level is improving fast. (living standard)
6. People chatting online are not telling each other the true word. (truth)
7. If a person doesn’t want to talk about or tell their heart-thing to his friends,… (worries/concers/cares)
8. he would have some spiritual barricade1. (mental breakdown2)
9. In the rainy weather, the cases (road conditions) are especially terrible. (things)表示情况的词汇辨析：case, circumstance, situation,
10. Just like playing games, one mark will let you lose. (point)比较score, result,mark,point.
(二)形容词错误
1. In my opinion, to be a good parent is…for her/his child. This thought is so easy. (simplistic)
2. If you don’t want to lead an easy life, work hard! (simple/ordinary)
3. He told me he wanted to call me when I was convenient, but I was cheated. (available/free)
4. The fire was coming to them, so all of them were very dangerous. (in danger)
5. After this incident, I was very painful and did not want to go to school. (upset)
6. Prices are much cheaper in street markets. (lower)
7. If you are high level, you will be noticed by others quickly. (outstanding)
8. …they know they must learn about the past, they should be hard. (hard-working)
9. As far as my English is concerned, my vocabulary is too little. (limited)
10. Eating outside is not as economic as cooking and eating at home. (economical)
11. Receiving the results, my mind was completely empty. (blank)
12. Hearing his words, my heart became very comple. (heavy)
(三)动词和动词短语
1. They think: “I must can’t pass the eam whatever it is, so I give up.” (delete)
2. TV watchers, like me, don’t like the programs to be broken by the ads. (interrputed)
3. A man who is too proud must not take other people’s advice. (will definitely )
4. Because…, he must meet all sorts of difficulties and obstacles. (will surely/definitely)
5. Only when you insist working hard, can you realize your ideal. (keep)
6. I was very angry that she doubted that I cheated in her eam. (suspected)
7. If that’s the case, our hometown must become more beautiful in the future. (will definitely)
(四)副词
1. Especially, science and technology are highly important and emphasized. (Particularly)
2. Only this, they can make the distant with children short. (thus/in this way)
二、搭配错误
(一)动词+名词搭配错误(动词与名词不搭配)
1. Teamwork spirit is very important, especially when you attend the match such as football match. (participate in)
2. Her father received the telephone and told me that she…and I felt very … (answered)
3. This certainly effects the people’s lives; they can choose any kind if they want. (affect)
4. All these could effect the marks of the eam and might make them unable to study in a school a whole year. (affect)
5. It seemed that no one who can cause my attention. (attract)
6. It (maths problem) was that hard that (it) spent him a whole night. (took)
7. It is students’ duty to study knowledge at university.(acquire)
8. Love is not all about roses, every one has to work to maintain his/her life. (sustain3)
9. All parents want their kids to accept good education. (receive)
10. The old man appreciated him very much. (liked)
11. Because it is still eist and effect you. (affect)
12. Some freshmen4 are trying to suit the new school. (adapt to)
13. Internet also effects one’s health. (affects)
14. When we touch the other people in the society, … (are in contact with)
15. At the same time you omit the friends around you. (ignore)
16. …, but we can’t speak our unhappiness to other people… (tell)
17. I dream one day, the farmers go abroad to study new knowledge. (acquire)
18. So it is important to raise the friendship between people. (promote)
19. Now we are learning knowledge in the university, self-confidence can help us… (acquiring)
20. Why did he (Bill Gates) receive so great success? (achieve)
21. …and you also must know how it (TV) effects our living. (affects)
22. On my first day at college, I met many new faces. (saw)
23. I think the educational department should light the students’ burden. (reduce/lighten)
24. It not only epands our eyes, (widens)
25. My mother is very patient and not afraid me add trouble. (make trouble)
26. Young people worship stars blindly so they will miss themselves. (lose)
27. If we don’t delete the eaminations, quality education is an empty word. (abolish5)
(二)及物、不及物动词混用
1. I pity very much when I heard that father divorced with her mother ... (divorced)
2. Some students are very lazy and only prepare the eams ... (prepare for)
3. I usually rela myself by listening to light music. (delete)
4. In classroom, we often argue questions to enlarge our minds. (argue over)
5. I disagree the opinion “leaning about the past has no … in the present”. (disagree with)
6. To me, I prefer to agree the latter one. (agree to)
7. A good parent shouldn’t interfere6 his child’s life too much. (interfere in)
8. If the consumers complain the quality of the products, … (complain about)
9. I don’t believe fate because the road is under your foot. (believe in)
10. I felt very angry that he said I did not care him. (care about)
(三)形容词+名词搭配
1. In modern society, people’s nervous work often makes them too tired. (intense)
2. If you are not confident, you’ll never face the cruel competition in the society. (fierce)
3. My hometown, a small village with hard-working and simple-minded people. (pure and honest)
4. First, the advanced school and high level teachers are needed. (well-qualified)
5. It is better not to be romantic in our realistic life. (real)
6. We all epected him to be a black horse in the football match against class2. (dark)
7. Now the summer holiday is over, and nervous study life has begun. (intense)
8. In big cities, there is always crowded traffic, while in the countryside… (heavy/congested)
(四) 汉语成语的影响
1. I am eighteen years old and I am the pearl7 on my parents’ palm. (apple of my parents’ eye)
2. Plain face towards sky is my habit. (Wearing no make up/ Chinese phrase ‘sumianchaotian’)
3. A parent mustn’t pick shoots to help growth. (spoil children by ecessive enthusiasm)
4. It is no better than fifty paces laughing at 100 paces. (the pot calls the kettle black)
5. All parents look their sons to be dragons and (epect their sons to be talents)
6. (All parents look…) their daughters to be phoeni8. (epect their daughters to be talents)
7. If you don’t admit this point, you are stealing bell covering ears. (deceiving yourself)
(五) 未归类错误
1. …and we are always having touch with each other. (keeping)
2. I think it is very right to say pride leads to failure. (quite)
3. If I can change, I will etend the small factories in my hometown and ... (epand)
4. He committed suicide9 three times and at last he decided10 to live on to struggle. (attempted)
自我总结：
1、平日记忆单词的习惯; 2、平日使用词典的习惯; 3、改进的方案;
英语中常见可分可合单词的用法
在英语中，有时两个部分合在一起构成一个词，表达的是一种意思；两个部分分开，各成一个词时，表达另一种意思，有另外的.用法。现将中学英语课本中出现的这类分合有别、用法各异的词语归纳分析如下：
1. away与a way
away 用作副词时，意为远、离开、远离，通常作be 的表语，也可以放在动词或副词之后，与动词一起构成短语动词；a way 是名词短语，是一条路、一个方法之意。例如：
Who will look after these children when Im away?
我走了之后，谁来照看这些孩子？
The village is about eight miles away from here.
那个村子离这儿大约有八英里远。
She thought hard, and she found a way at last.
她苦思冥想，终于找到了一个方法。
2. already与all ready
already 是副词，意为已经，常与完成时态连用；all ready 是形容词短语，常用作表语，意为一切就绪、都准备好了。例如：
We have already finished our work. 我们已经做完了我们的工作。
We are all ready for the trip. Lets go.
我们都做好了旅行的准备。那么咱们就上路吧。
英语中常见可分可合单词的用法区别
在英语中，有时两个部分合在一起构成一个词，表达的是一种意思；两个部分分开，各成一个词时，表达另一种意思，有另外的用法。现将课本中出现的这类“分合有别、用法各异”的词语归纳分析如下：
1. away 与 a way
away 用作副词时，意为“远”、“离开”、“远离”，通常作 be 的表语，也可以放在动词或副词之后，与动词一起构成短语动词；a way 是名词短语，是“一条路”、“一个”之意。例如：
Who will look after these children when I'm away?
我走了之后，谁来照看这些孩子？
The village is about eight miles away from here.
那个村子离这儿大约有八英里远。
She thought hard， and she found a way at last.
她苦思冥想，终于找到了一个方法。
2. already 与 all ready
already 是副词，意为“已经”，常与完成时态连用；all ready 是形容词短语，常用作表语，意为“一切就绪”、“都准备好了”。例如：
We have already finished our work. 我们已经做完了我们的。
We are all ready for the trip. Let's go. 我们都做好了旅行的准备。那么咱们就上路吧。
3. awhile 与 a while
awhile 是副词，意思是“一会儿”、“片刻”，其前不可加介词或副词； a while 是名词短语，意思是“一会儿”(与 awhile 同义)，a while 前面可以加介词in，after或for，也可加副词quite。例如：
Wait awhile. [= Wait (for) a while. ] 等一会儿。
The postman came quite a while ago. 邮递员好一会儿前来过。
After a while, they quarrelled again. 过了一会儿，他们又吵了起来。
4. asleep 与 a sleep
asleep 是形容词，意为“睡着的”，只能跟在fall 和be 后面作表语，或置于find 后面作宾语补足语；a sleep 是名词短语，意为“一段睡眠”，与have 连用，构成 have a sleep (睡一会)。例如：
Don't make any noise. The baby is asleep. 别闹，小孩睡着了。
He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.
他刚要入睡，这时传来很响的敲门声。
I had a sound sleep last night. 昨晚我睡得很香。
5. anyway 与 any way
anyway 是副词，意为“不管怎样”、“无论如何”(＝ anyhow)；any way 是名词短语，意为“任何方面”、“任何方式”，前面要加介词in 等。例如：
Anyway I must finish the work today. 无论如何我今天也要做完这项工作。
Thank you anyway. 我毕竟还要感谢你的。
Can I be of some help to you in any way? 我可以在哪一方面帮帮你吗？
6. anyone 与 any one
anyone 是代词，意为“任何人”，不能与 of 短语连用；any one 既可指人，又可指物，可以和 of 短语连用，表示“（……中的.）任何一个”。例如：
Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished . 无论谁犯了法都将受到惩罚。
Any one of the students in the class studies very hard.
这个班上无论哪一个都很努力。
Any one will do. 任何一个都行。
7. faraway 与 far away
faraway 是形容词，意为“遥远的”，可作名词的前置定语；far away 是副词短语，意为“很远”、“遥远”，可作表语、状语和后置定语，有时也可作介词的宾语。例如：
He lives in a faraway village (或a village far away). 他住在一个遥远的村子里。
As is known to (us) all, the moon is far away from the earth.
众所周知，月球距地球很远。
Mr. Smith lives far away. 史密斯先生住在很远的地方。
The news came from far away. 消息从远处传来。
8. everyday 与 every day
everyday 是形容词，意为“每日的”、“日常的”，作前置定语用；every day 是名词短语，意为“每日”、“每天”，在句子中作时间状语。例如：
Can you speak some everyday English. 你会说一些日常英语吗？
We go to work at eight o'clock in the morning every day.
我们每天上午八点钟上班。
9. everyone 与 every one
everyone 是不定代词，意为“每人”、“人人”、“大家”，在句子中作主语时，谓语动词为单数形式；every one是名词词组，意为“每一个（人或物）”，可以与of 短语连用，在句中作主语时，谓语动词也为单数形式。例如：
Everyone (= Everybody) in our class likes Miss Gao.我们班人人都喜欢高。
Every one of you must be here on time tomorrow.
明天你们 (每个人) 都必须准时到这儿。
I put every one of my books in the desk. 我把我的书都放在课桌里了。
10. none 与 no one
none 既可指人，也可指物，意为“没有一个”、“没有一点”，可和of 短语连用。none 作主语时，谓语动词既可为单数形式，也可为复数形式； no one (= nobody) 是不定代词，只指人，意为“没有一个人”，不能和of 短语连用，在句中作主语时，谓语动词为单数形式。例如：
No one (= Nobody) in our class is absent. 我们班没有一个人缺席。
－Is there anyone who got injured in the accident？有人在这次事故中受伤吗？
－No one. 没有。
English is the first language in none of these countries.
英语在这些国家里都不是第一语言。
－How many apples are there in the basket？篮子里有多少苹果？
－None. 一个也没有。
None of the miners got injured in this accident.
在这次事故中没有一个矿工受伤。
11. sometime 与 some time
sometime 是副词，意为“（过去或将来的）某个时候”，在句中作状语； some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”。例如：
They will come sometime next week. 他们将在下周某个时候来。
I saw him sometime last month. 我上个月什么时候见过他。
I'm going to stay in Beijing for some time. 我将在北京住一段时间。
It took me quite some time to finish the work.
我用了好一段时间才把工作做完。
12. maybe 与 may be
maybe是副词，意为“或许”、“可能”，相当于 perhaps ，常在句首作状语；may be 是情态动词和连系动词，意为“可能是”、“或许是”，在句中作谓语用。例如：
Maybe the meeting will be held tomorrow. 会议可能将于明天召开。
He may be there now, but I'm not sure. 现在他可能在那里，但我不能肯定。
They may be at the gate waiting for us, let' 初中学习方法;s hurry.
他们可能在大门口等我们，咱们快点走吧。
13. however 与 how ever
however 是副词或连接副词，意为“无论怎样”、“可是”；how ever 意为“究竟怎样”，其中 ever 是强意词，起加强语气的作用。例如：
However difficult the work (may) be, we must complete it in time.
无论工作多么艰难，我们必须按时完成。
I'd like to go with you. however, my hands are full.
我很想和你一起去，可是我忙不过来。
How ever did you manage to get the car started？
你到底是怎样把汽车发动起来的？
14. sometimes 与 some times
sometimes 是频度副词，意为“有时”；some times 是名词短语，意为“几回”、“几次”、“几倍”。例如：
Sometimes we go to the cinema and at other times we go for a walk.
有时候我们去看电影，有时候我们去散步。
We have already met each other some times this year.
今年我们已经见过几次面了。
15. altogether 与 all together
altogether 是副词，意为“全部地”、“总而言之”；all together 是副词短语，意为“全体一起”、“全部在一起”。例如：
I have three hundred books altogether. 我总共有300 本书。
Altogether, the children have done very well. 总的说来，这些孩子们做得很好。
Put the plates all together in the sink. 把盘子全部放在水池里。
常见英语词语辨析
attribute, ascribe
这两个动词均有“把……归于”之意。
1.attribute ：指出于相信而把……归于某人或某物，含较多的客观性。
例如：He attributes his success to working hard.（他认为他的.成功是艰苦工作的结果。）
2.ascribe ：指根据推论或猜想把……归于某人或某物，含主观臆断成分较重。
例如：Darren ascribed his success to luck.（达伦把他的成功归因于运气。）
author, writer
这两个名词均有“作者，作家”之意。
1.author ：泛指用自己名字或笔名发表过作品的人，不强调是否以写作为主职业。
例如：Do you read many French authors?（你阅读过许多法国作家写的书吗?）
2.writer ：含义广泛，一般指以写作为职业的人。
例如：Dickens was a famous English writer.（狄更斯是英国著名作家。）
几组常见副词的用法辨析
副词可用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句或名词词组及介词短语,历年中考中副词都是重点考查的语法内容.本文重点介绍了几组常见副词的用法辨析,供同学们参考.
作 者：柴小慧 作者单位：天津市蓟县白塔子中学,301905 刊 名：中学教与学 英文刊名：TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SECONDARY SCHOOL 年，卷(期)：2007 “”(9) 分类号：H0 关键词：